The papers of poet, artist, and ordained priest Robert Alexander and the records of Venice, California's Temple of Man measure 11.7 linear feet and 1.01 GB, and date from 1938-2015. The papers and records document Alexander and the Temple of Man, which he founded in 1960 to serve as a meeting place for a community of artists, poets, and musicians. The collection contains biographical material pertaining to Alexander, Temple of Man administrative records, correspondence and artists files, project files, printed material, and photographic material.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of poet, artist, and ordained priest Robert Alexander and the records of Venice, California's Temple of Man measure 11.7 linear feet and 1.01 GB, and date from 1938-2015. The papers and records document Alexander and the Temple of Man, which he founded in 1960 to serve as a meeting place for a community of artists, poets, and musicians. The collection contains biographical material pertaining to Alexander, Temple of Man administrative records, correspondence and artists files, project files, printed material, and photographic material.
Correspondence and artists files comprise the bulk of the collection and contain a wide variety of material pertaining to Temple of Man artists and affiliates, including mail art, over one hundred artworks, poetry, writings, exhibition announcements, clippings, and photographs. Artists include Anita Alexander, Bob Alexander, John Altoon, Aya, Paul Beattie, Michael Bergt, Wallace Berman, Charles Britton, Cameron, Bruce Connor, William Dailey, Gayle Davis, George Herms, Jack Hirschman, Maurice Lacy, Fred Mason, Kenneth Patchen, Peter Paul, Stuart Perkoff, Artie Richer, Tony Scibella, Ben Talbert, Zack Walsh, Edwin Ward, Marcia Ward, Saul White, Steve Wilson, and others. A small amount of born-digital material includes a video recording of Renick Stevenson, images of artworks, and photographs.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged as six series.
Series 1: Biographical Material, 1938-1988 (0.2 linear feet; Box 1)
Series 2: Temple of Man Administrative Records, 1960-2010 (0.4 linear feet; Box 1, OV 13)
Series 3: Correspondence and Artists Files, circa 1948-2015 (9.8 linear feet, Boxes 1-6, 9-12, 30-33, OVs 14-28; 0.99 GB, ER01-ER02)
Series 4: Project Files, circa 1967-2014 (0.9 linear feet, Boxes 6-7; 0.015 GB, ER03)
Series 5: Printed Material, 1958-2014 (0.8 linear feet; Boxes 7-8, OV 29)
Series 6: Photographic Material, circa 1960-2009 (1 folder, Box 8; 0.001 GB, ER04)
Biographical / Historical:
Robert Alexander (1923-1987), also known as Bob and "Baza," was a poet, collagist, printer, assemblage artist, and ordained priest from Venice, California. Alexander founded the Temple of Man in 1960 in San Francisco, moving it to his home in Venice, California in 1968. The Temple served as a meeting place for artists, poets, and musicians, and contained a collection of artworks by Temple of Man members, also ordained priests. Many of the artworks which form the core of the collection were on display at the Alexander residence and are dedicated to Alexander and his wife Anita. Members also created and exchanged mail art, handmade cards, and poems with one another. After Alexander's death in 1987, the Temple of Man was directed by Anita Alexander and, since 1992, by a board of directors.
Related Materials:
Also found in the Archives of American Art are an oral history interview with artist George Herms conducted by Paul Karlstrom in 1993-1994, the papers of California artist and poet Wallace Berman, and the papers of curator and founding board member of the Temple of Man, Hal Glicksman.
Provenance:
Donated to the Archives of American Art by Alexander's widow Anita Alexander in 1990 and in 2017 and 2018 by the Temple of Man via George Herms, Officer, and Yoav Getzler, Registered Agent of record.
Restrictions:
This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center.
Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.
Rights:
The Robert Alexander papers and Temple of Man records are owned by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.
9.8 Linear feet (Boxes 1-6, 9-12, 30-33, OVs 14-28)
1 Gigabyte (ER01-ER02)
Type:
Archival materials
Gigabytes
Date:
circa 1948-2015
Scope and Contents:
Correspondence and artists files comprise the bulk of the collection and contain a wide variety of material pertaining to Temple of Man artists and affiliates, saved by Bob and Anita Alexander and other Temple of Man administrators. Files may contain correspondence including mail art and illustrated letters, postcards, and handmade birthday and holiday cards; artwork; poetry and writings; printed material including exhibition announcements and clippings; and photographs. Artists include Anita Alexander, Bob Alexander, John Altoon, Aya, Paul Beattie, Michael Bergt, Wallace Berman, Charles Britton, Cameron, Bruce Connor, William Dailey, Gayle Davis, George Herms, Jack Hirschman, Maurice Lacy, Fred Mason, Kenneth Patchen, Peter Paul, Stuart Perkoff, Artie Richer, Tony Scibella, Ben Talbert, Zack Walsh, Edwin Ward, Marcia Ward, Saul White, Steve Wilson, and others. Over one hundred artworks are predominantly works on paper including drawings, collages, prints, watercolors, and limited edition books, as well as a few small assemblages. Many handmade cards, poems, and artworks are addressed to Bob and Anita Alexander. Photographs in this series include portraits of Temple of Man artists filed by photographer, and photographs of artworks filed by artist. Additional photographs are arranged in series 6. A small amount of born-digital material includes a video recording of Renick Stevenson (arranged with the Tony Scibella material) and an image of an artwork by Don Martin.
Collection Restrictions:
This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center.
Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.
Collection Rights:
The Robert Alexander papers and Temple of Man records are owned by the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. Literary rights as possessed by the donor have been dedicated to public use for research, study, and scholarship. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.
Collection Citation:
Robert Alexander papers and Temple of Man records, 1938-2015. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
No access restrictions. Many of SIA's holdings are located off-site, and advance notice is recommended to consult a collection. Please email the SIA Reference Team at osiaref@si.edu
No access restrictions. Many of SIA's holdings are located off-site, and advance notice is recommended to consult a collection. Please email the SIA Reference Team at osiaref@si.edu
No access restrictions. Many of SIA's holdings are located off-site, and advance notice is recommended to consult a collection. Please email the SIA Reference Team at osiaref@si.edu
The papers of Lawrence Oschinsky primarily document his research and professional activities from 1940s-1965 as an American physical anthropologist, but include some personal materials as well. The collection contains his published works, dissertations, field notes, correspondence, teaching materials, and many photographs depicting both his personal travels and his research subjects in the Canadian Arctic, Africa, Asia, and other regions.
Scope and Contents:
The papers of Lawrence Oschinsky primarily document his professional life and research on the racial affinities and evolutionary characteristics of various peoples. The collection contains his published works, dissertations, field notes, correspondence, teaching materials, and many photographs depicting both his personal travels and his research subjects in the Canadian Arctic, Africa, Asia, and other regions.
Arrangement:
The Lawrence Oschinsky papers are organized into 9 series:
Series 1: Personal Information and Effects
Series 2: Correspondence
Series 3: Education
Series 4: Research and Notes
Series 5: Published Works
Series 6: Writings
Series 7: Teaching Materials
Series 8: Photographs
Series 9: Motion picture film
Biographical / Historical:
Lawrence Oschinsky was born on April 19, 1921, to Lea Pollak Oschinsky and John Oschinsky in New York City. He received his B.A. degree from Brooklyn College in 1943, where he was first drawn to anthropology. In 1947 he received his master's degree in Anthropology from the University of Chicago, with the thesis entitled "Islam in Chicago: Being a Study of the Acculturation of a Muslim Palestinian Community in That City." He attended the University of Zurich from 1947-1950 pursuing graduate coursework in anthropology.
From 1950-1951 he was instructor of anatomy at Makerere College Medical School, in Kampala Uganda, studying the racial affinities of various African tribes. From 1951-1952 he was a Research Student at the University of Cambridge, England. He returned to the University of Zurich in 1952 and received his PhD in Anthropology. His doctoral dissertation, published in 1953, was entitled "The Racial Affinities of the Baganda and Other Bantu Tribes of British East Africa." In October 1953, Oschinsky returned to the United States and began his teaching and research career as an Instructor in Physical Anthropology at the Graduate School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania. He also acted as research assistant to Dr. Wilton M. Krogman, Professor of Physical Anthropology, and took anthropometric measurements of school children for Krogman's child growth research program.
Concurrently, Oschinsky cooperated with police and other agencies in the forensic identification of unknown human remains and cases of disputed paternity. Toward the end of 1953, he obtained a position as a Research Scholar in Physical Anthropology at the United States Educational Foundation in Burma. He spent a year studying the peoples of Burma in relation to those of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaya, and the Philippines. From 1956-1957, he was an Instructor in Anatomy at Howard University Medical School in Washington, DC. During 1957-1958, he was Visiting Lecturer in Physical Anthropology at the University of Arizona, Tucson. In 1958, Oschinsky was offered the position of Curator of Physical Anthropology at the National Museum of Canada, in Ottawa, where he devoted himself to an intensive study of the museum's osteological collections. In 1962 he became a part-time instructor in Physical Anthropology at St. Patrick's College, University of Ottawa. In July 1963, Oschinsky became Assistant Professor, and later Associate Professor of Physical Anthropology, University of Toronto, where he taught until his death on December 19, 1965.
Oschinsky wrote several scientific papers during these years, culminating in 1964 with the monograph The Most Ancient Eskimos: The Eskimo Affinities of Dorset Culture Skeletal Remains.. In this book, Oschinsky explored Eskimo prehistory via skeletal specimens.
Chronology
1921 April 19 -- Born in New York City, NY
1939-1943 -- Bachelor of Arts, Brooklyn College
1943-1947 -- Masters in Anthropology, University of Chicago
1947-1950 -- Graduate Coursework in Anthropology, University of Zurich
1950-1951 -- Anatomy instructor; studied racial affinities of African tribes, Makerere College Medical School, Uganda
1951-1952 -- Research student, University of Cambridge, England
1952-53 -- PhD in Physical Anthropology, University of Zurich
1953 -- Worked with police and other agencies in the forensic identification of unknown human remains and cases of disputed paternity
1953-1954 -- Instructor, Physical Anthropology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Research assistant to Dr. Wilton M. Krogman; took anthropometric measurements of schoolchildren for Krogman's child growth research program.
1954-1955 -- Research scholar in Physical Anthropology, United States Educational Foundation, Burma (currently Myanmar)
1956-1957 -- Instructor in Anatomy, Howard University Medical School, Washington, D.C.
1957-1958 -- Visiting Lecturer in Physical Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson
1958-1963 -- Curator of Physical Anthropology, National Museum of Canada, Ottawa
1962 -- Part-time instructor in Physical Anthropology, St. Patrick's College, University of Ottawa
1963-1965 -- Assistant Professor of Physical Anthropology, University of Toronto
1964 -- Published monograph, The Most Ancient Eskimos: The Eskimo Affinities of Dorset Culture Skeletal Remains
1965 December 19 -- Died in Toronto, Ontario
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological archives holds the records of the Wilton M. Krogman Center for Research in Child Growth and Development.
Separated Materials:
Oschinsky's measuring instruments and a number of dental casts were transferred to the biological anthropology collections of the National Museum of Natural History.
Provenance:
The papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Lawrence Oschinsky's nephew, Scott Fuller, in 2016.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Access to the Lawrence Oschinsky papers requires an appointment.
Audiotapes, CDs and digital files: an ongoing project to interview and preserve the memories of people important in the jazz world, including jazz musicians, singers, dancers, producers, arrangers, and others. A list of interviewees and interviewers follows.
The following is a list of the individuals who conducted the interviews.
1. Brown, Anthony
2. Baker, Lida
3. Burstein, Julie
Interviewer
2. Bluiett, Hamiet
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged into six series.
Series 1, DAT and CD Original Interview Recordings, 1992-2012
Series 2, Cassette Reference and Master Interview Tapes, 1992-2012
Series 3, Audio CD Reference Copies, 2000-2012
Series 4, Video/CD, 1994-2012
Series 5, Transcripts and Abstracts, 1992-2014
Series 6, Supplemental Documentation, 1992-2012
Biographical / Historical:
The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program, a project of "America's Jazz Heritage, A Partnership of the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution" initiative was created in 1992. More than 150 in-depth oral history interviews were conducted from 1992 through 2002. The collection was transferred to the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History in 2000. Now part of the National Museum of American History's American Music History Initiatives, the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program continues to conduct interviews as funding is available.
The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program was established to document significant jazz musicians, performers, producers, and business associates in their own words and voices. Program staff contacted and worked with potential interviewees to arrange for interviews. Each interview was conducted by a jazz authority and was recorded on digital audiotape by a professional audio engineer. The interviews averaged 6 hours in length and covered a wide range of topics including early years, initial involvement in music, generally, and jazz specifically, as well as experiences in the jazz music world, including relationships to musicians. The original DAT interview tapes were then dubbed to audiocassettes and CD to create protection and access copies. More recent interviews have been recorded using fully digital technology and the interviews are preserved and made availbel as digital files.
A number of the interviews were conducted as part of the Ella Fitzgerald Oral History Project of the Jazz Oral History Program. Funded by the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, these interviews focus on the life and work of Ella Fitzgerald. The National Endowments for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program continues to support new interviews with NEA Jazz Masters.
For more information about jazz concerts, education, collections, Jazz Appreciation Month, and the Jazz Master orchestra, visit Smithsonian Jazz.
Provenance:
The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Researchers must use reference copies.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions. Release forms exist for most interviews.
[Interviewee name] Interview, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection, 1992-2014, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Sponsor:
The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program and supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.
Cigar/cigarette cards and cabinet photographs portraying actors (male and female) from the late 19th century. The photographs are predominantly American actors but some English and French performers are also included. Some of the more prominent persons represented are Lulu Glaser, Francis Wilson, and Georgia Cayvan, plus others listed below.
Arrangement:
Divided into 3 series: Series 1: Cigar/Cigarette Cards, undated; Series 2: Cabinet Photographs, 1878-1897,and Miscellaneous, 1868-1892.
Biographical / Historical:
The cult of celebrity is not a 20th century phenomenon. In the latter part of the 19th century innovations in the use of photography as advertising spurned a new avenue of celebrity likeness-based souvenirs. Portraits of personalities from the stage who were previously portrayed in engravings and traditional portraiture were now available to an interested public in a more realistic and affordable form – the cigar/cigarette card included as an incentive in the purchase of a smoking product and cabinet photographs sold as souvenirs by theatrical promoters. These photographs depicted celebrities as well as scenes from plays in which they performed. They were avidly collected by a public interested in the personalities of minstrelsy, vaudeville and the legitimate theatre.
This collection was created, or acquired, by Daisy Templin (1874?-1956) of Alton, Illinois. Templin was an avid collector of Victoriana and filled the home (1605 Washington Avenue) of she and her brother, Roger P. Templin (1872?-?), with furniture, ceramics, bric-a-brac and all types of predominately Victorian ephemera. She wrote that ". . . whatever interested me I bought." Her brother was a former wholesale grocery salesman in St. Louis, MO. By the time of her death, Templin had contemplated donating much of her collection to the Smithsonian Institution. Her collection was willed to her brother who donated a sizable portion of the collection (over 1,000 items) to the museum in 1958. The home she and her brother shared was demolished to make way for a shopping center in 1961.
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Roger P. Templin in memory of his sister Daisy Templin in October 1958.
Printed advertisements, scrapbooks, correspondence, marketing research, radio commercial scripts, photographs, proof sheets, reports, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, television commercial storyboards, blueprints, legal documents, and audiovisual materials primarily documenting the history, business practices, and advertising campaigns of the Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated. Collection documents the professional and private lives of the Hills family; insight into the cultivation, production, and selling of coffee; and construction of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists of printed advertisements, scrapbooks, correspondence, marketing research, radio commercial scripts, photographs, proof sheets, reports, newspaper clippings, magazine articles, television commercial storyboards, blueprints, legal documents, and audiovisual materials. These materials primarily document the history, business practices, and advertising campaigns of Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated. Correspondence, genealogies, and home movies reveal a more domestic and social Hills family while company records document business activities outside of the home. Company records also provide insight into the cultivation, production, and selling of coffee, and the company's technological responses to the changes in the coffee trade, and consumer consumption demands. Of interest is the company's participation in social and cultural events including the Panama Pacific International Exposition in 1915, and the Golden Gate International Exposition in 1939. In addition, the collection includes the company's documentation of the construction of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge in 1936. The collection is arranged into thirteen series.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into thirteen series.
Series 1, Hills Family Papers, 1856-1942, undated
Subseries 1.1, Austin Herbert Hills, Sr. Papers, 1856-1875, undated
Subseries 1.2, Austin Herbert Hills, Jr. Papers, 1875-1923
Subseries 1.3, Herbert Gray Hills Correspondence, 1923-1942
Series 2, Background Materials, 1896-1988, undated
Series 3, Coffee Reference Files, 1921-1980, undated
Subseries 3.1, Hills Bros. Coffee Company Literature, 1921-1976, undated
Subseries 3.2, Coffee Industry Literature, 1924-1980, undated
Series 4, Advertising Materials, circa 1890s-1987, undated
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
AC0059 NW Ayer Advertising Agency Records
AC0060 Warshaw Collection of Buisness Americana
AC0500 Landor Design Collection
AC0411 Charles W. Trigg Papers
Division of Cultural History, National Museum of American History
Artifacts include coffee packaging, Golden Gate International Exposition sampling cups and saucers, a bowling shirt, and coffee cans.
Provenance:
These records were donated to the Archives Center, National Museum of American History by Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
11.35 Cubic feet (consisting of 20 boxes, 8 folder, 30 oversize folders, 17 map case folders, 3 flat boxes (partial), plus digital images of some collection material.)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Ephemera
Business ephemera
Date:
1750-1965
undated
Summary:
A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Tobacco Trade and Industry forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana
Scope and Contents:
This subject category, "Tobacco Trade and Industry," consists of materials related to the tobacco trade and industry. This subject category provides an extensive record of the late nineteenth to mid-twentieth century tobacco industry with materials for consumers, traders, and distributors. It forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Collection Division I: Business Ephemera and Division II: Oversize Materials.
Series 1, Tobacco and Tobacco Related Product Ephemera, 1781-1965, undated, is the largest portion of the tobacco related materials. This series is arranged alphabetically by manufacturer and distributor name. The materials consist of advertising cards, scraps, trade catalogs, price lists, pamphlets, labels, correspondence on letterhead stationery, bills, receipts, illustrations from periodicals, printed advertisements, periodicals, newspaper clippings, broadsides, shipping documents, handbills, premiums, promotional items, announcements, and business cards. The majority of materials are from the late nineteenth to the early twentieth- century and were created primarily for consumers, traders and distributors. Most of the materials are from the East Coast and there is a large amount of undated material. Ethnic imagery and images of women and children are prominently featured in this series. The location of the company is given when known.
Series 2, Patents and Trademarks, 1875-1904, is arranged alphabetically by patent and trademark applicants. With illustrations and descriptions, many patent and trademark documents come from East Coast patent offices during the 1870s. While this series is limited in scope, it provides numerous examples of the patenting of tobacco brand names and other related products. Additionally, it contains many images of minorities, women, and a variety of ethnic imagery.
Series 3, Bills of Lading, 1833-1925, is arranged alphabetically by location with foreign locations comprising one folder. The materials date from the late nineteenth century, and the majority is from the port of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This series not only tells a great deal about shipping and importing, but it also provides detailed information about the parties, countries, and people involved in the process of shipping tobacco around the world. Although the collection is somewhat varied, the majority of the bills of lading have date stamps, detailed port information, and information about the imported tobacco itself. Other locations include Maryland, New York, Cuba, and foreign locales.
Series 4, Lithographs, undated, is a series of labels for packages and products arranged alphabetically. It is a great resource for the study of early American advertising. Although most of the product labels are undated, they are probably of the late nineteenth to early twentieth- century. The majority of companies were based in New York, New York.
Series 5, Ephemera and Photographs, 1750-1957, undated, is arranged and organized by type of material. This series is comprised of general images, cigar store Indian images, auction lists, packing for tobacco products, and advertising cards, and contains a wealth of documentation of the American tobacco market. One of the best resources of this series is its collection of cigar bands. There are two photographs within this series, one depicting the exterior of a tobacco shop and another photograph of ladies working with shade grown tobacco, most likely in Connecticut. This series contains a copy of the Burr McIntosh photograph, "Leaves of Desire".
Series 6, Publications, 1742-1962, undated, consist of articles, books, pamphlets, magazines, and periodicals. One of the most useful portions of this series is the anti-tobacco related publications. The series contains tobacco-related articles. In addition to a few articles about tobacco companies, there are publications that contemplate the issues behind smoking. This series also contains tobacco related clippings from magazines and periodicals. Directories are also included in this series. The sheer variety of the material is vast, including essays from The Farm Quarterly and United States government documents. Tobacco is the only unifying factor. Researchers may be interested in La Santa Yerba, a late nineteenth-century book containing verses and other reflections on the tobacco plant itself.
Brand Name Index:
The following is a list of brand names for various tobacco products and related names that appear on this list is a compilation of those found on materials in the vertical document boxes. It is not a complete list of all the brand names for tobacco. The list is intended to assist researchers locate desired materials when only the brand name is known.
Brand Name -- Manufacturer/Dealer
Adonis -- Waldorf-Astoria Sugar Company
A. Hussey -- Leaf Tobacco Company
All Red Scrap -- Spaulding & Merrick
Alligator -- Pierre Lorillard
Almighty Dollar -- Roig & Langsdorf, LTD.
American Eagle -- Barker, K.C. & Company
Anglo-Egyptian -- Anderson, John & Company
Ante Fine (Cut) -- Pierre Lorillard
Apollo Egyptian -- Crescent Tobacco Company
Ateshian Bagdad -- Ateshian Company
Bagdad -- Pierre Lorillard
Bag Pipe -- Pierre Lorillard
Banner -- Banner Company
Banner -- American Tobacco Company
Bay State -- Brewer, Clarks & Sons
Bee -- Pierre Lorillard
Beech-Nut -- Pierre Lorillard
Belle of Turkey -- Pierre Lorillard
Between the Acts -- Pierre Lorillard
Between the Acts -- Thomas Hall Company
Bibber Cigarettes -- American Tobacco Company
Bijou -- S. Busnitz & Company
Birdseye -- British-American Company
Birdseye -- Akhbar Shah
B & L -- S. Busnitz & Company
Black Bird -- Baumann-Ashley Company
Black Joe Dark Plug -- American Tobacco Company
Black & Tan -- Pierre Lorillard
Black & Tan -- Annen Tobacco Company
Blended Stock -- American Tobacco Company
Blot -- Pierre Lorillard
Blue Peter -- Blue Peter Company
Bock y Ca -- Benson & Hedges
Boot Jack -- John Finzer
Boss Bite -- Pierre Lorillard
Brand M -- S. Monday & Son
Briar -- Spaulding & Merrick
Bright Sweet Emerald -- Pierre Lorillard
Briggs -- Pierre Lorillard
Brotherhood -- Pierre Lorillard
Buffalo Head -- Bland Tobacco Company
Bull Durham -- American Tobacco Company Smoking Tobacco
Bull's Eye -- Pierre Lorillard
Bull's Eye -- Peerless (Kimball)
Buzz Long -- Pierre Lorillard
Cabana -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Cabanas -- Benson & Hedges
Cabarga -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Cameo -- W. Duke & Son
Canada -- American Tobacco Company
Canoe -- Spence
Cap Sheaf -- Pierre Lorillard
Capadura -- R.C. Brown & Company
Capadura De La Reina -- R.C. Brown & Company
Capadura Olivette -- R.C. Brown & Company
Capadura Patience -- R.C. Brown & Company
Capital -- G.W. Gail
Captive -- Pierre Lorillard
Catlin's Twin Sisters -- American Tobacco Company
Cavendish -- Pierre Lorillard
Century -- Peter Lorillard
Challenge -- Pierre Lorillard
Chesterfield -- Ligget & Myers
Circassian Girls -- Pierre Lorillard
Clay, Henry -- Benson & Hedges
Climax -- Peter Lorillard
Clipper -- American Tobacco Company
Coca -- Drummond
Comet -- Pierre Lorillard
Common Sense -- American Tobacco Company
Conchas -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Consols -- Consolidated Co.
Continental Cubes -- Continental Tobacco Company
Cools -- Brown & Williams Company
Cork (Number 1) -- Benson & Hedges
Cork Tip #2 -- Benson & Hedges
Cornucopia -- American Tobacco Company
Corona -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Crown -- Benson & Hedges
Cute -- Merchants Cigar Factory
Dainties -- Allen & Ginter
Dainties -- American Tobacco Company
Defiance -- D. Hirsch
Derby -- Felener, F.W. Company
Diamond -- Allen & Ellis
Dixie -- Dixie Allen & Ginter
Dogtail -- Peter Lorillard
Drawing Room -- Pierre Lorillard
Dubec -- Allen & Ginter
Dubec -- American Tobacco Company
Duke of Durham -- American Tobacco Company
Duke's Best -- American Tobacco Company
Duke's Cameo -- American Tobacco Company
Duke's Mixture -- American Tobacco Company
Eagle Principe -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Egyptian -- Pierre Lorillard
Egyptian Deities -- American Tobacco Company
Egyptian Dreams -- Rappaport
Egyptian Luxury -- American Tobacco Company
Egyptian Temple Lorillard, Peter -- Pierre Lorillard
Egyptian Straights -- American Tobacco Company
El Muezzin #1 -- Benson & Hedges
El Muezzin #2 -- Benson & Hedges
Embassy -- Pierre Lorillard
Emerald -- Pierre Lorillard
Etc., Etc. -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Eureka -- Peter Lorillard
Excelsior -- American Tobacco Company
Extra Eagle -- B. Leidersdorf & Company
Excelsior #1 -- American Tobacco Company
Extra Mild #3 -- Benson & Hedges
Extra Mild Mild #4 -- Benson & Hedges
Fair Play -- American Tobacco Company
Favorite -- Cameron & Cameron
Felgner's Mohawk -- American Tobacco Company
Fine Brother -- Finzer, John
Flagman -- American Tobacco Company
Fontica -- Brewer, Clark & Sons
Forget-Me-Not -- Pierre Lorillard
Fortunato Bianco -- American Tobacco Company
Fragrant Vanity Fair -- American Tobacco Company
Friends -- Pierre Lorillard
Full Dress -- American Tobacco Company
Gaiety -- Bland Tobacco Co.
Gail & Ax's Navy -- American Tobacco Co.
Genuine Durham -- Blackwell, W.T. & Co.
Globe -- McGraw, Walker
Gold Extra Fine #1 -- Benson & Hedges
Gold #2 -- Benson & Hedges
Gold Rope -- Wilson & McNally
Golden Back -- Pioneer Tobacco Co.
Golden Bell -- Pierre Lorillard
Golden Bright -- Pierre Lorillard
Golden Culprit -- Peter Lorillard
Golden Light -- American Tobacco Co.
Golden Light -- Kimball & Co.
[Golden S?] -- [Unknown]
Golden Thread -- American Tobacco Co.
Good Luck -- Cotterill & Fenner Co.
Good Luck -- Drummond
Good Smoke -- Pierre Lorillard
Gondola -- Pierre Lorillard
Greek Slave -- Commonwealth Tobacco Co.
Green Turtle -- Pierre Lorillard
Greenback -- American Tobacco Co.
Greenback -- Marburg Brothers
Grizzly -- Pierre Lorillard
Gypsy Queen -- Goodwin
Happy Thought -- Pierre Lorillard
Happy Thought -- Wilson McNally
Hard A Port -- Thompson & C. Moors
Hard Plan -- H.M. Ferguson
Hard Tack -- American Tobacco Co.
Havana Consul Penete -- Pierre Lorillard
Havana Mixture -- Allen & Ginter
Havana Segar -- Waldorf-Astoria Segar Co.
Havannah -- Amber & Co.
Hazel Nut -- John J. Bagley
Helma -- Pierre Lorillard
Helmar Turkish -- American Tobacco Company
His Majesty's -- Benson & Hedges
Hoffman House Magnum -- Pierre Lorillard
Honest -- American Tobacco Co.
Honey Dew -- John Anderson & Co.
Horse Shoe -- Cotterill & Fenner
Horse Shoe -- Drummond
Hoyt's Medium -- American Tobacco Co
Hunki-Dori -- Chapin Stuart & Co.
Hunter -- H.M. Ferguson
Ideal -- Pierre Lorillard
Imperial Cavendish -- Allen & Ginter
Imperialette -- S. Monday
Imported -- Benson & Hedges
Improved Shorts -- Pierre Lorillard
India House -- Pierre Lorillard
Indian -- Amber & Company
Ivanhoe -- American Tobacco Co.
I. X.L. -- American Tobacco Co.
Jack & Jill -- American Tobacco Co.
Jack Rose -- Pierre Lorillard
John Dew -- Kaufmann, A.G
Jolly Tar -- Continental Tobacco Co.
Just Suits -- Pierre Lorillard
Kaiser (Gold Tip) -- A.B.C. Importation Co.
Karam -- Aslan Brothers
Kensington -- Brucker & Boghein
Kismen -- Strater Brothers
Kool -- Kool Brown & Williamson Co.
La Corona (Plain) -- A.B.C. Importation Co.
La Corona -- Benson & Hedges
La Flor de Cuba -- Benson & Hedges
La Marquise -- American Tobacco Co.
La Rosa -- Clark Brewer & Sons
Latest English -- American Tobacco & Sons
Leather Stocking -- C. Bickel
Level Head -- Pierre Lorillard
Libertad -- Clark Brewer & Sons
Lime Kiln Club -- Bagley & Company
Little Drummer -- Drummond
Little Joker -- American Tobacco Co.
Little Joker -- G.W. Gail
Little Rhody -- Pierre Lorillard
Little Sparks -- F.W. Felener
London Life -- American Tobacco Co.
Londres -- Clark Brewer & Sons
Long Cut -- W. & Son Duke
Lorillard's Stripped -- Pierre Lorillard
Louisiana Perique -- Allen & Ginter
Lucky Strike -- American Tobacco Co.
Lucky Strike -- R.A. Petterson
Luscious Luxury -- Pierre Lorillard
Luxury -- American Tobacco Co.
Lyceum -- Duke & Son
Mail Pouch -- Block Brothers
Manilla -- Amber & Company
Matinee -- Oliver & Robinson
Match -- Bland Tobacco Co.
Mecca -- American Tobacco Co.
Mechanic's Delight -- Pierre Lorillard
Melachrino -- L. Melachrino
Mellowleaf -- Commonwealth Tobacco Co.
Melrose -- British-American Co.
Melrose -- Marburg Brothers
Mercedes (Gold Tip) -- A.B.C. Importation Co.
Mexican -- Amber & Co.
Mild Number 2 -- Pierre Lorillard
Miner's Stript -- Pierre Lorillard
Mogul Egyptian -- American Tobacco Co.
Moon Spot -- Van Slyke & Horton
Mule Ear -- Wellman & Dwire Co.
Murad -- American Tobacco Co.
Myrtle Navy -- American Tobacco Co.
Napoleons -- Allen & Ginter
Navy -- G.W. Gail
Nebo -- Pierre Lorillard
Neptune -- Adams, J.L.
Neptune -- Buchanan & Lyalls
New Cross Bar -- Drummond
Nigger Head -- American Tobacco Co.
Night Watch -- Banner Co.
Night Watch -- American Tobacco Co.
Number 1 -- Benson & Hedges
Number 1 -- Pierre Lorillard
Old Egypt -- Pierre Lorillard
Old English -- American Tobacco Co.
Old Fashion -- American Tobacco Co.
Old Gold -- American Tobacco Co.
Old Gold -- British American Co.
Old Gold -- Kimball & Co.
Old Gold -- Pierre Lorillard
Old Guebeck -- Benson & Hedges
Old Guebeck Gold -- Benson & Hedges
Old Honesty -- American Tobacco Co.
Old Honesty -- John Finzer
Old Judge -- British-American Co.
Old Judge -- Kimball & Co.
Old Judge -- Goodwin Co.
Old Judge -- Allen & Ginter
Old Nut -- Pierre Lorillard
Old Rip -- British-American Co.
Old Rip -- Allen & Ginter
Old Sledge -- Edel
Old Tom -- Pierre Lorillard
Old Virginia Cheroots -- American Tobacco Co.
Old Virginia Cheroots -- Whitlock Co.
Olympia -- Gail, G.W.
Omar Turkish -- American Tobacco Co.
Omega Kentucky -- Pierre Lorillard
Opera -- Kerbs, Werthim & Schiffer
Opera Puff -- Allen & Ginter
Oronoko -- Pierre Lorillard
Our Country's Pride -- Collins Cigar Co.
Our game -- Alex Cameron
Our Little Beauties -- Allen & Ginter
Our Pet Nave -- Goddard Co.
Owl -- Straitron & Storm
Pall Mall -- American Tobacco Co.
Panetelas -- S. Monday & Son
Parliament -- Benson & Hedges
Parole -- Pierre Lorillard
Pastime -- John Finzer Co.
Pearl -- Pierre Lorillard
Peerless -- Kimball & Co.
Pedro -- American Tobacco Co.
Pedro Murias -- Benson & Hedges
Perfection -- Allen & Ginter
Perfection Mixture -- Pierre Lorillard
Perique Mixture -- Allen & Ginter
Pet -- Allen & Ginter
Peter Schuyler -- Van Slyke & Horton
Pink -- Pierre Lorillard
Pioneer Crown -- Allen & Ellis
Piper Heidsieck -- American Tobacco Co.
Pippin -- Banner Company
Pippins -- H. Traisser & Co.
Plain Light -- Pierre Lorillard
Planet -- Buchannan & Lyalls
Polar Bear -- Pierre Lorillard
Preferred Stock -- American Tobacco Co.
Prince Albert -- R.J. Reynolds
Princess Charlotte -- A.B.C. Importation Co.
Pure Virginia -- Pierre Lorillard
Purity -- Cameron & Cameron
Quality Puffs -- S. Monday & Sons
Queen of the Seas -- Alex Cameron & Co.
Raleigh -- Brown & Williamson Co.
Red Cross -- Pierre Lorillard
Regalia -- Clark Brewer & Sons
Richmond Cavendish -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Gem Mild -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Gem Mixture -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Mixture #1 -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Mixture #2 -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Straight -- Allen & Ginter
Richmond Straight #1 -- Allen & Ginter
Right Bower -- Allen & Ginter
Ripple Navy -- Pierre Lorillard
Robert Burns -- Straiton & Storm
Rose Leaf -- Pierre Lorillard
Royal Bengals -- Pierre Lorillard
Royal Bengals -- Pierre Lorillard
Russian #1 -- Benson & Hedges
Russian Gold -- Benson & Hedges
Russian Gold #3 -- Benson & Hedges
Russian Mouthpiece #1 -- Benson & Hedges
Russian Mouthpiece #1 -- Benson & Hedges
Russian Mouthpiece #3 -- Benson & Hedges
Rustic -- George Bell
Sailor's Delight -- Pierre Lorillard
Sailor's Pride -- Bland Tobacco Co.
Satins -- American Tobacco Co.
Seal of North Carolina -- American Tobacco Co.
Seal Skin -- Commonwealth Tobacco
Sensation -- Peter Lorillard
Siesta -- Pierre Lorillard
Silk -- Strasser Co.
Si Peu Que Rein -- Benson & Hedges
Snow Flake -- American Tobacco Co.
Solace -- John Anderson & Co.
Something Good -- James Butler Co.
Sovereign -- Butler & Butler
Spanish Puffs -- American Tobacco Co.
Spear Head -- American Tobacco Co.
Special -- American Tobacco Co.
Special Favours -- American Tobacco Co.
Splendid -- Pierre Lorillard
Sport -- H.M. Lockrow
Sporting Extra -- American Tobacco Co.
Spot Cash -- H.P. Brewster
Stag -- Pierre Lorillard
St. Ledger -- Pierre Lorillard
Straw #1 -- Benson & Hedges
Straw Extra Mild #4 -- Benson & Hedges
Straw Tip #2 -- Pierre Lorillard
Stripped -- Pierre Lorillard
Sub-Rosa -- Pierre Lorillard
Sunny South -- Allen & Ginter
Sunnyside -- American Tobacco Co.
Suwanee River -- Van Slyke & Co.
Sweet Banner -- American Tobacco Co.
Sweet Caporal -- American Tobacco Co.
Sweet Caporal -- Kinny Co.
Sweet Conqueror -- Pierre Lorillard
Sweet Golden Seal -- Buchner & Co.
Sweet Lavender -- American Tobacco Co.
Sweet Maple -- Bland Tobacco Co.
Tareyton -- American Tobacco Co.
Ten Minute -- Marburg Brothers
Three Black Cows -- Pierre Lorillard
Three Kings -- William S. Kimball Co.
Tiger -- Pierre Lorillard
Tin Tag -- Pierre Lorillard
Toko -- Bland Tobacco Co.
Tolstoi -- American Tobacco Co.
Troy -- American Tobacco Co.
Tuberose -- Pierre Lorillard
Turkey Red -- Pierre Lorillard
Turkish Cross Cut -- American Tobacco Co.
Turkish Mixture -- Allen & Ginter
Tuxedo -- American Tobacco Co.
Uncle Sam -- Nall & Williams
Union Leader -- Pierre Lorillard
Upper Cut -- L. Miller & Son
Vafiadis -- Ligget & Myers
Van Bibber -- American Tobacco Co.
Vanity Fair -- Kimballs
Velvet -- Ligget & Myers
Venable's Cockade -- S.W. Venable Tobacco Co.
Veteran -- American Tobacco Co.
Victory -- Buchner & Co.
Victory -- American Tobacco Co.
Villar y Villar -- Benson & Hedges
Virginia Brights -- Allen & Ginter
Virginia Brights -- American Tobacco Co.
Virginia Cheroots -- Pierre Lorillard
Virginia's Choice -- [Unknown]
Virginia Leaf -- John Cornish Co.
Wandering Jew -- Clark Brewer & Sons
Welcome -- Goodwin
West Virginia Mail Pouch -- Block Brothers Co.
Wings -- Brown & Williamson Co.
Winner -- H.M. Ferguson
White Puff -- Pierre Lorillard
Wild Rose Chipped -- Pierre Lorillard
XX Navy Clipping -- Pierre Lorillard
Yacht Club -- Pierre Lorillard
Yasoa -- S. Monday & Son
Yellow Jacket -- Pierre Lorillard
Yellow Kid -- National Tobacco Co.
Zira -- Pierre Lorillard
Zoo Zoo -- Wilson & McNally Co.
Zubelda -- Pierre Lorillard
Materials in the Archives Center:
Archives Center Collection of Business Americana (AC0404)
Forms Part Of:
Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.
Series 1: Business Ephemera
Series 2: Other Collection Divisions
Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers
Series 4: Photographic Reference Material
Provenance:
Tobacco Trade and Industry is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Genre/Form:
Ephemera
Business ephemera
Citation:
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Tobacco Trade and Industry, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
United States of America -- Connecticut -- Fairfield County -- Norwalk
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets and a photocopied page from an article with a photograph of the garden.
General:
This visually striking site was designed by landscape architect Friede Stege. It featured stone walls and stairs, sculpture, and a Japanese garden including bamboo fencing, a torii gate, and raked gravel. It was situated along Long Island Sound, an area often photographed by Molly Adams, in the Wilson Point section of Norwalk, Connecticut.
Persons associated with the garden include Friede Stege (landscape architect, ca. 1955) and Mr. and Mrs. James Raymond (former owners, ca. 1957).
Related Materials:
Raymond Garden related holdings consist of 1 folder (12 safety film negatives; 2 photographic prints)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original images by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens.
United States of America -- Connecticut -- Fairfield -- Westport
Scope and Contents:
The folder includes worksheets and other information.
General:
Stony-Brook Cottage was the garden of noted garden writer Helen Van Pelt Wilson and involved the work of no fewer than four landscape architects and designers--Margaret Baillie, Alice Recknagel Ireys, Eloise A. Ray, and Rhoda Tarantino. It was the subject of Wilson's book "Helen Van Pelt Wilson's Own Garden and Landscape Book." It featured a variety of plant materials and garden areas including a beech copse, a fern garden, flowering trees and shrubs, and ferns, and was extensively wooded throughout. Stepping stones and a small bridge crossed the brook that ran through the property, while lawns and grass paths connected the various features.
Persons associated with the garden include: Helen Van Pelt Wilson (former owner, ca. 1953-1980); Margaret Baillie (landscape designer); Alice Recknagel Ireys (landscape architect); Eloise A. Ray (landscape architect); and Rhoda Specht Tarantino (landscape designer).
Related Materials:
Stony-Brook Cottage related holdings consist of 1 folder (8 contact prints)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original images by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens.
The collection contains business records and photographic materials documenting the International Salt Company. The business records include correspondence, account and ledger books, a payroll book, patent and trademark information, print advertising and marketing materials, and a salesman salt display kit. The photographic materials include a series of photographs by William M. Rittase, a series of photographs by Harold Haliday Costain, a small photograph album, snapshots, and slides. The images cover all facets of the salt manufacturing and packaging operations, and include photographs taken in New York State, Michigan, and Louisiana.
Scope and Contents:
The collection contains business records and photographic materials documenting the International Salt Company. The business records include correspondence, account and ledger books, a payroll book, patent and trademark information, print advertising and marketing materials, and a salesman salt display kit. The photographic materials include a series of photographs by William M. Rittase, a series of photographs by Harold Haliday Costain, a small photograph album, snapshots, and slides. The images cover all facets of the salt manufacturing and packaging operations, and include photographs taken in New York State, Michigan, and Louisiana.
The scrapbooks contain advertisements for the International Salt Company's Sterling Salt label and other leading salt companies, especially Morton's. Much of the ephemera consists of labels, but there are also small pamphlet cookbooks. The cookbooks, prepared and marketed by various salt companies, tout recipes for tasty dishes using specific salts and expound upon the merits of salt in general, especially the medical benefits. Other clever salt-related advertising appears in conjunction with maps, buttons, song books, calendars, and health exercises.
Series 1, Business Records, 1894-1937, consists primarily of financial materials--ledgers, cash books, monthly statements, timekeeping and payroll information--for the Avery Rock Salt Mining Company (A.R.S.M.Co.), Detroit Rock Salt Company, Detroit Salt Company, International Salt Company, and the Restof Mining Company. Additionally, there is one annual report for the International Salt Company (1957) and the newsletter Saltmaker, 1964.
There are two A.R.S.M.Co. ledgers, 1898-1907 and 1907-1922. The first ledger, 1898-1907, predates the founding of the International Salt Company, and it is likely that A.R.S.M.Co was absorbed by International Salt during a merger. Documentation recorded including inventories, merchandise, labor, surplus, insurance, office expenses, legal expenses, taxes, bills receivable, directors' committee fees, fuel, candles, oil, waste and packing, rental, repairs and maintenance, interest, labor, feed, outside salary account, Cuban consignment account, and loan account. Specific persons, such as superintendents F. Rundio and Sidney Bradford, are mentioned and specific companies including Restof Mining, Joy Morton Company, Havana Mill, G. Lawton Childs & Company, International Salt of New York and various others (pages 193-212), are listed with expenses.
The Detroit Salt Company (general ledger), 1911-1913, consists of one bound volume documenting the company's assets, liabilities, expenses, earnings, advance accounts, and old accounts.
Detroit Rock Salt Company (cash record), 1912 October-1913 January, consists of one bound volume documenting cash received and cash disbursed.
International Salt Company, Inc., Independent Salt Company Division (monthly statements), 1933 October-1937 December, consists of one bound volume of general ledger trial balance sheets organized chronologically. Detailed documentation includes general expenses, assets, capital assets, liabilities, special reserves, net worth, profit and loss statements, warehousing costs and tonnage purchased.
Restof Mining Company (time and payroll), 1894 July 1-1895 March 31, consists of one bound volume of 400 pages, documenting the time and payroll for employees. The volume contains the name of the employee, the number of days worked, hourly wage earned per day, the amount earned, advances, board due, store (supplies due), rent, and any balances due. A portion of the volume is severely water-damaged.
Series 2, Trademarks, 1881-1935, consists of copies of issued trademark declarations from the United States Patent Office. The trademarks are for company names, logos, salt containers and packages, and various salt products. The trademarks are arranged alphabetically by the name of the trademark. For example, Amaessa, a trademark for baking powder and salt is filed with other trademarks beginning with the letter "A." Additional materials consist of one file folder of correspondence and printed materials about patents, trademarks and copyright laws. The correspondence relates specifically to the ownership of certain trademarks by International Salt Company, and there is correspondence from John L. Ryon, assistant sales manager and W.T. Chisolm, vice-president of International Salt Company. There are compiled lists of brand names, trademarks, and package designs for which International Salt registered at the United States Patent Office, 1926-1927. There are two examples of small cloth bags branded with "Ideal Salt" and some packaging, such as "White Lily High Grade Salt" and labels such as "Purex Free Running Table Salt." The Peter J.L. Searing trademark for salt (No. 52,963) and Chicago Sawed Salt-Block Company (No. 15,174) provide examples of ethnic imagery. A trademark is a brand name. A trademark or service mark includes any word, name, symbol, device, or any combination used or intended to be used to identify and distinguish the goods/services of one seller or provider from those of others, and to indicate the source of the goods/services. Although federal registration of a mark is not mandatory, it has several advantages, including notice to the public of the registrant's claim of ownership of the mark, legal presumption of ownership nationwide, and exclusive right to use the mark on or in connection with the goods/services listed in the registration.
Series 3, Photographs, 1934-1993, is divided into five subseries: Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, 1934; Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934; Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993; Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s; and Subseries 5, Album (unidentified), undated.
Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, circa 1934, consists of three photographs (approximately 10 1/2" x 13") black-and-white prints mounted to 16" x 20" boards. The prints are numbered #6, #42, and #44 and depict a salt mine and equipment used in salt manufacturing located in Avery Island, Louisiana.
Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934, consists of black-and-white prints (10" x 14") signed by Ritasse which are mounted on 18 1/2" x 20" boards. The photographs are arranged numerically from #350 to #480. Many of the photographs are captioned. American photographer William Rittase (1887-1968), active in the 1920s-1930s, is known for his industrial photography. Rittase's images provide insight into International Salt Company activities such as salt manufacturing, packaging operations, general factory processes, printing salt bags, can labeling, brine storage, exteriors of buildings, crushing salt, men in the salt mines, machine shop views, and equipment.
Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993, consists of black-and-white and color prints, as well as transparencies depicting salt mines and related activities. Some of the photographs document a visit by International Salt Company executives to the Jefferson Island, Louisiana salt plant.
Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s, consists of seventeen color slides documenting salt plants, equipment and salt miners.
Subseries 5, Album (damaged mine), undated, consists of twenty-two 4" x 6 1/2" black-and-white photographs documenting the damage to a salt manufacturing plant. The photographs are captioned, but there is no indication of the geographic location of the salt plant.
Series 4, Advertising and Marketing Materials, 1920-1948, consists of two scrapbooks (14" x 17" and 11" x 16") that contain primarily tear sheets, unbound periodical pages showing an advertisement as printed, or as a proof, newspaper clippings, magazine clippings, correspondence, pamphlets, price lists, recipes, labels, periodicals, and other ephemera.
The scrapbook, 1920-1931, consists primarily of advertisements and newspaper clippings related to advertising salt products, especially for Morton's Salt and Diamond Crystal Salt. Other companies represented include Colonial Salt Company, Carey Salt Company, Jefferson Island Salt Company, Kerr Salt Company, Mulkey Salt Company, Myles Salt Company, Ohio Salt Company, Pennsylvania Salt Manufacturing Company, Remington Salt Company, Star Salt Corporation, Union Salt Company, Worcester Salt Company, and Watkins Salt Company.
The scrapbook from 1945-1948 is devoted to advertisements for the International Salt Company and Sterling Salt, which promoted salt uses for the home (table salt, curing meats, and brines), industry (rock salt for winter weather) and agriculture (killing weeds). Many of the advertisements were part of the "Pass the Salt" campaign and were featured in publications such as Woman's Day, National Provisioner, Food Industries, Hide, Leather and Shoes, Chemical Previews, and Public Works. The scrapbook is divided into three sections: institutional, weed prevention, and Lixate, a process developed by the International Salt Research Laboratory for making brine. Many of the advertisements were prepared by J.M. Mathes Incorporated.
Also included is a traveling salt kit for Sterling Salt Company salesmen, undated, featuring small glass vials of sterling salt from mines in Detroit, Avery Island, Louisiana, and Restof, New York. Each vial notes the types of salts--purified, softener, iodized, medium flake, coarse flake, granular flour, and meat.
Series 5, Posters, circa 1920s, consists of oversize advertising posters for Worcester Salt Company. There is one set of labels from an exhibit titled "I Eat Rocks! Salt of the Earth."
Arrangement:
The collection is divided into five series.
Series 1, Business Records, 1894-1937
Series 2, Trademarks, 1881-1935
Series 3, Photographs, 1934-1993
Subseries 1, Harold Haliday Costain, circa 1934
Subseries 2, William Ritasse, circa 1934
Subseries 3, Loose Photographs, 1969-1993
Subseries 4, Slides, circa 1970s
Subseries 5, Album (damaged mine), undated
Series 4, Advertising and Marketing Materials, 1920-1948
Series 5, Posters, circa 1920s
Biographical / Historical:
The International Salt Company incorporated on August 22, 1901, and in 1902, the company purchased the stock and assets of the National Salt Company, which had failed. By 1934, International Salt was a holding company for six subsidiaries: Avery Salt Company (West Virginia), Detroit Rock Salt Company (Michigan), Eastern Salt Company (Massachusetts), Independent Salt Company (New York), International Salt Company, Inc. (New York), and Retsof Mining Company (New York). All of the subsidiaries operated rock salt mines and evaporated salt plants and distributed salt. In 1940, the International Salt Company decided to sell four of its subsidiaries--Avery Salt Company, Detroit Rock Salt Company, International Salt Company, Inc., and Retsof Mining Company.
John M. Avery discovered rock salt at Petite Anse, Louisiana in 1862. Petite Anse Island was renamed Avery Island in the late 19th century. Ownership and mining of salt at Petite Anse involved numerous parties until 1886, when New Iberia Salt Company took over operations. In 1896, the Avery family began operating the mine, and they founded the Avery Rock Salt Mining Company. In 1899, the International Salt Company leased the mine.
The Detroit Salt and Manufacturing Company was founded in 1906. The company quickly went bankrupt during construction of a shaft and was acquired in 1910 by the Watkins Salt Company, which incorporated the new organization under the name Detroit Rock Salt Company. The company experienced success and the International Salt Company purchased the mine circa 1914. In 1983, International Salt closed the mine's operations and in 1985, Crystal Mines, Inc., purchased the mine as a potential storage site.
In 1885 the Empire Salt Company of New York was renamed the Retsof Mine Company, and the Village of Retsof was founded near the mine shaft. During the next 110 years, the mine grew to become the largest salt-producing mine in the United States and the second largest in the world. Before the initial collapse in March 1994, the mine encompassed an underground area of more than 6,000 acres, and the mine footprint (outer edge of mined area) extended over an area of nearly ten square miles. At the time of the collapse, the Retsof Mine was owned by Akzo-Nobel Salt Incorporated (ANSI) and, during the winter of 1993--994 operated at full capacity to meet demands for road salt throughout the northeastern United States. The Retsof Mine ceased operations on September 2, 1995, and by December, twenty-one months after the initial collapse, the mine was completely flooded.
Related Materials:
Materials held at the Smithsonian Institution
Smithsonian Institution Libraries, National Museum of American History
Trade catalogs from International Salt Company Inc., 1900s
Materials held at Other Organizations
Harvard University Archives
Ritasse, William M., 1894-1968. Photographs of Hardvard University campus and environs taken by William M. Ritasse, circa 1930.
Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs
Avery Rock Salt Mining Company, Plan. June 16, 1924 (AKZO No. 7-77-02) - Avery Island Salt Works, Akzo Salt Incorporated, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA
Salt Mine Village, Salt Workers' Houses No. 6, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA
Avery Island Sugarhouse, Avery Island, Iberia Parish, LA
State Library of Louisiana
Historic Photograph Collection contains images of salt mining at Avery Island, Louisiana.
University of North Carolina, Southern Historical Collection at the Louis Round Wilson Library
Papers for the Avery Family of Louisiana, 1796-1951
Provenance:
Tom Maeder donated the collection on June 13, 2009.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
The collection consists of five scrapbooks of materials relating to the Mexican Border Veterans, Inc. and Auxiliary's activities.
Scope and Contents:
The scrapbooks contain Mexican Border Veterans annual reports; convention minutes; samples of the Mexican Border Veterans newsletter, The Bugler; photographs of various officers and members of the association and their spouses; brochures of the association's conventions; brief historical sketches of the association; some biographical sketches of the founders of the association; newspaper clippings from unidentified newspapers; limited correspondence among national, state or regional Mexican Border Veterans officials and other miscellaneous correspondence.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into one series.
Biographical / Historical:
Mexican Border Veterans, Inc. (MBV) was a civilian association founded by Clairice A. G. Closson of Independence, Missouri in 1929. Closson was one of the participants in the Mexican border initiative of mid 1916. The association consisted of men who patrolled the Mexican-American border between May 9, 1916 and April 1917. Their presence on the border came about as a response to President Woodrow Wilson's call on the National Guard and the Army in mid 1916 to guard the border which had been repeatedly invaded by Francisco (Pancho) Villa, a Mexican revolutionary leader who carried out his incursions against residents of southern Texas. The MBV was formed by ex-Mexican-American border veterans to seek recognition and veteran benefits to which they were entitled as U.S. government ex-servicemen of a foreign war.
Related Materials:
Materials in the National Museum of American History
The Division of Home and Community Life holds related materials. See accessions 1984.0781 and 1985.0781.
Provenance:
The collection was donated to the Museum in 1986, through Howard Hubbard and Fabian E. Johnson.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research use.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Du Mont, Allen B. (Allen Balcom), 1901-1965 Search this
Collection Source:
Electricity and Modern Physics, Division of, NMAH, SI. Search this
Container:
Item AC0018-RV0007, Item AC0018-OF0007
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1954 January 14
Scope and Contents:
16mm black and white composite optical track print (kinescope), 1070 ft. Content: Host John McAffrey accompanied by Kenneth Wilson quiz Allen B. Du Mont and Thomas Goldsmith about the future of color television. They discuss recent FCC recommendations, technological issues, and costs involved.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives. Special arrangements required to view materials in cold storage. Using cold room materials requires a three hour waiting period. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials may be used. Contact the Archives Center for more information: archivescenter@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Allen Balcom Du Mont Collection, 1929-1965, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
The collection documents the activities of the United Shoe Machinery Corporation of Beverly, Massachusetts, manufacturers of shoe machinery equipment. The collection consists of engineering records, legal records, research and development records, employee/personnel records, correspondence, company catalogs, product literature, advertising materials, photographs, and moving images.
Scope and Contents:
This collection is among the largest and most complete bodies of business records in the holdings of the Archives Center. The records document in considerable detail the firm's engineering department and research and development efforts in shoe making machinery and in related technical areas, especially during World War II and as it attempted to diversify its activities after the war. There is detailed information, much of it on microfilm, about the leasing of United Shoe Machinery (USM) machines. The records also provide insight into the USM's culture of corporate paternalism, including its athletic and relief associations and its industrial school. The collection is rich in visual materials depicting both the machines made by the firm and the employees and the facilities.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into seventeen series.
Series 1: Historical and Background Materials, 1901-1985
Series 2: Executive Records, 1927-1987
Subseries 2.1: United Shoe Machinery, 1927-1975
Subseries 2.2: Emhart Corporation, 1976-1987
Series 3: Correspondence, 1890, 1901-1915
Series 4: Wilson Palmer Files, 1925-1952
Series 5: Research and Development Department Records, 1914-1980
Subseries 5.1: Background, 1947-1974
Subseries 5.2: Financial Information, 1947-1975
Subseries 5.3: Reports, 1962-1973
Subseries 5.4: Facilities, 1947-1975
Subseries 5.5: Personnel, 1942-1979
Subseries 5.6: Labor, 1961-1970
Subseries 5.7: Subject Files, 1943-1977
Subseries 5.8: Project Files, 1914-1968
Subseries 5.9: New Development (ND) Project Files, 1924-1970
Subseries 14.6: Quarter Century Club News, 1977-1987
Subseries 14.7: H.E. Smith & Company Catalogs, 1898-1930
Series 15: Product Literature, 1952-1979
Series 16: Advertising and Marketing Materials, 1902-1981
Series 17: Photographs, 1907-1960s
Subseries 17.1: Employees, 1907-1981
Subseries 17.2: Equipment/Products, 1961-1972
Subseries 17.3: Factories/Buildings, 1920s-1960s
Subseries 17.4: Trade Shows, 1954, 1968-1973
Subseries 17.5: Miscellaneous, undated
Subseries 17.6: Postcards, 1906-1938
Subseries 17.7: Prints from Glass Plate Negatives, undated
Subseries 17.8: Albums, 1915-1950s
Subseries 17.9: Film Negatives, 1956-1958
Subseries 17.10: Glass Plate Negatives, 1915-1923
Series 18: Audio-Visual Materials, 1934-1972
Biographical / Historical:
The United Shoe Machinery Company was formed in 1899 by the consolidation of the most important shoe machinery firms in the industry: Goodyear Shoe Machinery Company; Consolidated McKay Lasting Machine Company; and McKay Shoe Machinery Company. By this merger, conflicting patents were eliminated and patents supplementing each other were brought under United control to permit their prompt combination in a single machine or process. To ensure efficiency, the new company also continued the practice previously followed by its constituent firms of renting machinery that it manufactured instead of selling it. The authorized capital of the new company was twenty five million dollars. After the 1899 merger, United grew quite rapidly. In 1903, it began construction of a new factory in Beverly, Massachusetts about thirty-five miles from Boston. At its peak, this company employed 9,000 workers and produced eighty-five percent of all shoemaking machines in the United States. By 1910, it had an eighty percent share of the shoe machinery market with assets reaching forty million dollars, and it had acquired control of branch companies in foreign countries.
In 1911, the first of three civil anti-trust suits was brought against United by the United States government. It charged that the 1899 merger had restrained trade and violated the Sherman Act. The Massachusetts District Court ruled that the 1899 merger was not an attempt to restrain trade, only an attempt to promote efficiency. The court also said that the five companies that were merged to form United were not competitive with each other. The government appealed to the Supreme Court, which only affirmed the District Court's verdict.
In 1917, the United Shoe Machinery Corporation, incorporated in 1905, absorbed the United Shoe Machinery Company. The United Shoe Machinery Corporation had its headquarters in Boston and its main manufacturing plant in Beverly, Massachusetts.
The second government suit was brought against United Shoe in 1915. The government claimed that United Shoe's leasing system restricted the shoe manufacturer to exclusive use of United Shoe's products and that it was a violation of the newly enacted Clayton Act. The Massachusetts District Court ruled in favor of the government. The Supreme Court, hearing United Shoe's appeal case, only affirmed the District Court's ruling. In 1923, United modified its leasing policy.
The last government suit against United was filed in 1947 and charged United with monopolizing the trade, manufacture, and distribution of shoe machinery from 1923 to 1947. During this period, United had bought all shares, assets, and patents of twenty one companies that dealt in the shoe machinery manufacture. The court ruled that United had clearly violated the Sherman Act, and United was forced to modify its leasing policies and restrict its purchases of other shoe machinery businesses and its acquisition of patents. In 1968, the United Shoe Machinery Corporation changed its name to USM Corporation. In 1976, United Shoe Machinery Company merged with Emhart Industries and produced the modern-day Emhart Corporation.
In 1989, in order to resist a two billion dollar takeover attempt by a New York investment group (which included oil heir Gordon P. Getty), Emhart merged with Black & Decker Corporation. The merged company operates from Black & Decker's headquarters in Towson, Maryland. The company headquarters in Farmington, Connecticut, were closed in June 1989.
Related Materials:
Materials at Other Organizations
Lynn Historical Society & Museum, Lynn, Massachusetts
Small volumes and pamphlets of shoe and shoe-related industry businesses in Lynn, Massachusetts, including miscellaneous articles and histories on the shoe industry in Lynn, manuals, catalogs, broadsides, patents, handbooks, patterns, price lists, brochures, and legal materials. Businesses represented include Beaudry Machine Company, Beckman Machine Company, Bresnahan Shoe Machinery Company, George W. Emerson & Company, Hamel Shoe Machinery Company, Gregory & Read Co., David Knox & Sons Machinery Company, Krippendorf Kalculator Company (manufacturers of a mechanical device to compute pattern values), Peerless Machinery Company, Quarmby & Hilliker, Machine Builders, Swain, Fuller Manufacturing Company, W.J. Young Machinery Company, and George J. Kelly, Inc. (maker of shoe polish).
United Shoe Machinery Company Records, 1915-1974
Materials assembled by Edward F. McCarthy, director of USM research, including notebooks, diagrams, manuals, brochures, catalogs, code sheets, flow charts, price lists, handbooks, lectures, directories, lexicons, catalogs of other firms, personal notebooks on shoe construction (1927-1931), factory visits to other shoe companies, and production of leading manufacturers (1939-1960), and floor directory of the plant; ledgers listing machines shipped and returned from the Lynn and Puerto Rico plants (nine volumes, 1935-1974); and machine development materials, including patents, chiefly those of Edward Quinn.
Peabody Essex Museum (PEM) Salem, Massachusetts
An accession in 1987 of institutional archives, includes publications, photographs, advertisements, lectures, scrapbook of shoes made for United Shoe Machinery Corporation of Beverly, Massachusetts, shoes from which are in the collection of the Peabody Essex Museum (87020).
The United Shoe and Machinery Company Collection contains a large quantity of the company's patents, most of which pertain to the production and manufacture of shoes. Additionally there are patents for golf balls, nail guns, and magnetic closures. The majority of the remaining materials are Quarter Century Club documents ranging from financial and membership records, to pictures and other ephemera. The remainder of the collection consists of miscellaneous objects including sample knives and knife parts from the Booth Brothers Company.
University of Connecticut, Dodd Center
Emhart Corporation Records, undated, 1883-1989
Emhart Corporation was a multinational company located in Farmington, Connecticut. Prior to its 1989 merger with Black & Decker, Emhart operated in over one hundred countries with a worldwide work force of 30,000 employees. Emhart's products included machines for the manufacture of glass bottles and shoes; filling, sealing and packaging machinery; security systems; electronics; chemical products; metal fasteners; rubber processing equipment; and consumer and do-it-yourself products. Brand name products included True Temper® hardware and sporting goods, and Price Pfister® plumbing fixtures. Emhart's domestic roots went back to the American Hardware Company, founded in New Britain, Connecticut, in 1902.
Beverly Public Schools (Beverly, Massachusetts)
Beverly Public Schools/Beverly trade school records, 1909-1995
Materials relating to the establishment and operation of the Beverly trade schools, including trustee minutes, annual reports, curriculum journals, correspondence, photographs, programs and ephemera, and calendars.
Cornell University, Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections
[United Shoe Machinery Company, of New Jersey, et al. court proceedings], 1911-1917
United Shoe buildings and properties
The Cummings Properties now owns and leases "the Shoe."
Separated Materials:
Materials at National Museum of American History
The Division of Work and Industry holds artifacts related to the United Shoe Machinery Corporation. Some artifacts include a drafting table (1989.0259.349), tool chest (1989.0259.348), and molds for shoes, shoe heels, shoe welts, threads, needles, awls, and show wax.
Provenance:
The collection was donated by United Shoe Machinery Corporation, through Kevin Cochrane on November 20, 1987.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives. Special arrangements required to view materials in cold storage and audio visual materials. Using cold room materials requires a three hour waiting period, reference copies do not exist for audio visual materials. Arrangements must be made with the Archives Center staff two weeks prior to a scheduled research visit. Contact the Archives Center at 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
