This subseries of the Notes and writings on special linguistic studies series contains material that supplement Harrington's Plains field notes.
The miscellaneous material on the tribes of the Plains consists of a mix of biographical, ethnographic, and linguistic data. The notes which are largely undated appear to have been written in the late 1930s and the 1940s. There are five pages of linguistic notes on Kiowa, and three are in the hand of Parker McKenzie. There are also carbon copies of two typed pages of a word list in an orthography which is not Harrington's. There are ten pages of notes labeled "Dakota," "Sioux," or "Siouan." Two of the sheets give Delaware, Chippewa, Natick, and Cree comparisons. There is one page each of miscellaneous vocabulary on Arapaho (from A. L. Kroeber), Hidatsa, and Wichita; a page of information on the tribe name "Blackfeet" from John G. Carter dated September 21, 1938; and a photograph caption on the Omaha.
There are also two sets of historical documents which were sent to Harrington under cover of a letter from Alice M. Reading dated December 17, 1931. The first (formerly cataloged B.A.E. manuscript 6043) is a typescript of a portion of the journal which Pierson B. Reading kept for the period May to November 1843 when he traveled from the Missouri River to Monterey, California. The second item (former ms. 6044) is an original copy of a letter from Tom Hill to P. B. Reading dated July 20, 1851. The writer, an Indian, mentions meeting Delawares; Shawnees, including his cousin, Benjamin Kiser; the "Nistcoop" tribe at The Dalles; Nez Perces, including Chief Red Wolf; and Cayuse.
John Peabody Harrington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The preferred citation for the Harrington Papers will reference the actual location within the collection, i.e. Box 172, Alaska/Northwest Coast, Papers of John Peabody Harrington, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
However, as the NAA understands the need to cite phrases or vocabulary on specific pages, a citation referencing the microfilmed papers is acceptable. Please note that the page numbering of the PDF version of the Harrington microfilm does not directly correlate to the analog microfilm frame numbers. If it is necessary to cite the microfilmed papers, please refer to the specific page number of the PDF version, as in: Papers of John Peabody Harrington, Microfilm: MF 7, R34 page 42.
This subseries of the Northeast/Southeast series contains John P. Harrington's Algonquian research. It consists primarily of material he collected; there is very little original data, most of which are undated. The topics covered are Cheyenne grammar, Fox linguistic notes, Menominee grammar, Miami-Peoria grammar, Mohegan-Pequot-Montauk vocabulary, Montagnais miscellaneous notes, Nanticoke-Conoy-Unalachtigo linguistic notes, Ojibwa linguistic notes, Potawatomi linguistic notes, and comparative and miscellaneous notes.
The Cheyenne material consist of two pages of grammatical excerpts from Rodolphe Petter's English-Cheyenne Dictionary (1915).
The Fox notes stem from conversations which Harrington had with Truman Michelson on the Fox syllabary and grammar. One note is dated September 24, 1924; others are undated. One page gives the etymology of the word Chicago and a Potawatomi equivalent. Phonetic material (former B.A.E. MS 6021 pt. and 6025pt.) is based on William Jones's "Algonquian (Fox)" (1911). A bibliography is included, mainly on Michelson's publications and manuscripts which he submitted to the B.A.E.
The Menominee files contain a phonetic key from Leonard Bloomfield's Menomini Texts (1928), a short report on a conversation with Michelson (former B.A.E. MS 6025pt. and 6030), and a brief description of Menominee tentshaking was excerpted from W. J. Hoffman's The Menomini Indians (1896).
Miami-Peoria vocabulary were copied from Albert Gatschet's B.A.E. manuscripts 3025 and 3026b. (Those entries marked 3026b are no longer listed as part of that B.A.E. manuscript.)
An 1890 copy of a 1798 Montauk vocabulary taken by John Lyon Gardiner was loaned to Harrington by Foster H. Saville. There are also a three-page typescript of this manuscript and several pages of a Mohegan-Pequot bibliography.
For Montagnais, there are three bibliographical notes. Two placenames came from J.N.B. Hewitt in November 1926.
Reading notes on Nanticoke, Conoy, and Unalachtigo were taken principally from Speck's The Nanticoke and Conoy Indians . .. (1927) and from Hodge's "Handbook" (1907). Some linguistic and ethnohistoric material is included and there is a brief bibliography.
Ojibwa forms the largest portion of this subseries. It includes notes from a joint interview conducted most likely in 1940 with C. F. Voegelin and his informant, Gregor McGregor, who was technically considered a speaker of Ottawa. There are also notes Harrington took of Voegelin's lecture at the University of Michigan on June 25, 1940 (former B.A.E. MS 6020pt.). There is a slight emphasis on placenames in an otherwise random vocabulary. From James Hammond Trumbull's Notes on Forty Algonkin Versions of the Lord's Prayer (1873), Harrington copied the Southern Chippeway version (pp. 74 -75) and penciled in a slightly different English translation. A final potpourri of undated notes includes a miscellaneous vocabulary from secondary sources and a few pages of grammatical material. The etymologies of several Ojibwa words are briefly developed. Frederic Baraga's A Dictionary of the Otchipwe Language is the most frequently cited source (former B.A.E. MS 6020pt. and 6025pt.).
The Potawatomi files contain material from Harrington's interview with Chief Simon Kahquados in Blackwell, Wisconsin (n.d.) with whom he recorded general ethnographic information, particularly regarding the loss of Potawatomi lands due to Indian Office policies and illegal acts of the Menominee. A brief vocabulary is included. Unrelated to this interview is a Potawatomi phoneme chart.
Comparative material includes reading notes regarding the earliest appearances of certain Algonquian phonetic sounds. Harrington consulted primarily the works of Sir Isaac Pitman, Jean Claude Mathevet (Nipissing, Abnaki), and Silas Tertius Rand (Micmac). Additional peripheral bibliographical information is identified in the notes. The only date recorded is March 26, 1951. There are other scattered reading notes with Menominee, Cree, Fox, and Ojibwa phonetic comparisons, based mainly on Leonard Bloomfield's Menomini Texts (1938) and Plains Cree Texts (1934). One page of Arapaho terms was copied from Kroeber.
In the category of general linguistic and ethnographic notes (former B.A.E. ms. 6025pt.), information results from various conversations with fellow linguists: Truman Michelson and J.N.B. Hewitt on September 24, 1924; Hewitt in November 1924 and November 1926; Michelson in October 1930; and Michelson and Frank G. Speck in May 1934. Under the heading "The Southern Delawares," Harrington arranged random information on the Virginia Indians, touching briefly on history and ethnography. He included some Abnaki, Cree, and Cherokee linguistic terms, as well as a general bibliography. Vocabulary material in this series (former B.A.E. MS 6025pt.) consists of terms from various Algonquian languages, most probably taken from unidentified printed sources. One note gives "The Chief from Mass[achusetts]" as an informant. One group of terms is compared with Natick words and with a vocabulary recorded by Roger Williams.
John Peabody Harrington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The preferred citation for the Harrington Papers will reference the actual location within the collection, i.e. Box 172, Alaska/Northwest Coast, Papers of John Peabody Harrington, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
However, as the NAA understands the need to cite phrases or vocabulary on specific pages, a citation referencing the microfilmed papers is acceptable. Please note that the page numbering of the PDF version of the Harrington microfilm does not directly correlate to the analog microfilm frame numbers. If it is necessary to cite the microfilmed papers, please refer to the specific page number of the PDF version, as in: Papers of John Peabody Harrington, Microfilm: MF 7, R34 page 42.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Volumes
Ledger drawings
Date:
bulk ca. 1903-1904
Scope and Contents:
Notes and drawings by Native artists relating to heraldry, as Mooney termed tipi and shield designs. Also some myths and linguistic data from these and other Plains tribes. The manuscript is a compilation of materials created over a period of years, assembled under the current number by the BAE archivist. Bound volumes (since disbound for lamination) were placed under this manuscript number; loose notes and drawings on the same topics were primarily assembled under manuscript number 2538.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee and Kiowa. Among the Kiowa his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned illustrations of shield and tipi designs, as well as miniature shields and tipis. For additional biographic information on James Mooney see: Christopher Winters, General Editor, International Dictionary of Anthropologists, Garland Publishing, 1991. Neil M. Judd, The Bureau of American Ethnology - A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967. L.G. Moses, The Indian Man - A Biography of James Mooney, University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531
OPPS NEG 57,508-A---521-A
OPPS NEG 71-3046-A
OPPS NEG 71-3046
OPPS NEG 72-1801 CN-1818 CN
Local Note:
The John M. Seger Referred to in Vol VIII (and also in Mooney's peyote files) was a teacher of agricultural methods. Walter Campbell edited his autobiography, "Early Days among the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians," Univ. of Okla. press. Genevieve Seger, his daughter, lives at Geary, Okla.; she may be a trustee of the Okla. Historical Soc. --Information from Althea Bass, here May 1959.
Mrs. J. H. Bass (Althea Bass) here May 6, 1959, thinks that the "Paul" referred to occasionally in Vols. III, IV, and V may be Paul Boynton, an interpreter who spoke both Cheyenne and Arapaho. His family still lives at El Reno. His father had something to do with the Agency. Paul Boynton is mentioned in one of the letters in Mooney corresponence for 1902-06 (Smithsonian Institution - Bureau of American Ethnology correspondence files.)
Date written on several pages by Mooney; almost certainly drawings done by same artist at same time and place as Ms. 2531, Vol. 10, identified by Mooney as "Drawn by Nakoim' eno = Bear Wings/alias Charles Murphy, Cheyenne Cantonment, Okla."
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1903-1904
Scope and Contents:
Bound volume containing James Mooney's notes, including 4 drawings of single figures by unidentified artist. A printed page number appears in black in the upper left corner of each verso. This is the same style of book as Volumes 1 and 2 of this manuscript. Contents include Kiowa Tipis, Apache Story, Ton'dohya Story, myths, notes on Kiowa language and songs, Caddo Notes, historical and ethnographic notes, Caddo vocabulary and grammatical notes, Kichai clans, 12 pages (on Negative Microfilm reel Number 25, 1963).
Arrangement:
Subgroup
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531, Volume 3
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory.
United States Oklahoma.
Album Information:
MS 2531-03 000
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Indians of North America -- Southern states Search this
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1904-1906
Scope and Contents:
Tablet containing 18 drawings of tipi designs. Inscribed, "Cheyenne Tipis No. 1" The artist was established by reference to vol. 10 of the same manuscript. The annotation appearing on many pages "made 1906" probably refers to the date that a model tipi with that design was produced. These models of Cheyenne tipis are in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History.
Arrangement:
Subgroup
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531 Vol. 9
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory Cantonment.
United States Oklahoma Canton.
Album Information:
MS 2531-09 000
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Arapaho linguistic and ethnographic notes on note cards from Truman Michelson's work with Jesse Rowlodge. The majority of the notes consist of Arapaho vocabulary with English translations. These include kinship terms, terms for body parts, and phrases. There are also some notes on ethnology and phonetic shifts.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3357
Local Note:
Title changed from "Vocabulary; some ethnology; some phonetic shifts" 4/2/2014.
Ethnological notes on Arapaho customs and beliefs handwritten in English by Jesse Rowlodge, a Southern Arapaho. The notes include Arapaho terms for birds, parts of animals, and shins. One page of partial text on walking in a fog seems to be from another set of notes by Rowlodge.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3344
Local Note:
Title changed from "Ethnological notes written by Jesse Rowlodge April, 1935" 4/8/2014.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Field notes
Folklore
Narratives
Manuscripts
Place:
Fort Washakie (Wyo.)
Date:
1927
Scope and Contents:
Texts and anthropometric measurements collected by Truman Michelson during his research among the Arapaho at Fort Washakie, Wyoming. The texts consists of two stories handwritten by Michelson. The first story is in Arapaho with an interlineal English translation. The second story is in English and titled "N. runs a race with elk." The anthropometric measurements are primarily of Arapaho people, but includes measurements of people of other Native and European backgrounds. Included are the measurements of Harry Lincoln, who frequently assisted Truman Michelson with his Meskwaki research. It is unclear if all the measurements were collected in Wyoming as Lincoln resided in Iowa.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3353
Local Note:
Title changed from "Physical anthropology" 5/28/2014.
Topic:
Indians of North America -- anthropometry Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Field notes
Vocabulary
Folklore
Narratives
Manuscripts
Date:
1930 June
Scope and Contents:
Handwritten Cheyenne linguistic and ethnographic notes and anthropometric data collected by Truman Michelson in Oklahoma. Much of the information is from his work with Mack Haag. The materials include vocabulary and notes on grammar and phonetics; a short story in Arapaho about spider with an interlineal English translation; notes on Cheyenne family and kinship relationships, marriage, divorce, adultery, illegitimacy, incest, pregnancy, death, etc.; and anthropometrical data on 22 Cheyenne adult males, identified by name and age.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3188-b
Local Note:
Citation corrected from 3188 (part) to 3188-b on 2/28/12.
Title changed from "Miscellaneous notes June 9, 11, 13, 1930" 5/22/2014.
Place supplied from 47th Annual Report of Bureau of American Ethnology, page 2.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Field notes
Vocabulary
Manuscripts
Place:
Concho (Okla.)
Date:
1928
Scope and Contents:
Handwritten Arapaho linguistic and ethnological notes and texts from Truman Michelson's fieldwork in Concho, Oklahoma, during the summer of 1928. These notes are primarily from Michelson's work with Cleaver Warden. Max Van Horn and Mike [possibly Mack?] Haag, two Cheyenne men from Calumet, Oklahoma, may have also provided some information. Michelson's notes include vocabulary and information regarding military societies. The Arapaho texts contain interlineal English translations.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3087
Local Note:
Title changed from "Linguistics and ethnology Summer 1928" 5/21/2014.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Folklore
Narratives
Manuscripts
Field notes
Vocabulary
Date:
1926
Scope and Contents:
Notebook containing Truman Michelson's handwritten Arapaho field notes. His notes are primarily linguistic and include Arapaho vocabulary with English translations. There are also some ethnological notes as well as texts in Arapaho with interlineal and free English translations. Charles Crispin served as his interpreter.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2994
Local Note:
Title changed from "Vocabulary; some ethnology" 5/20/2014.
Indians of North America -- Southwest, New Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
1893
Scope and Contents:
From Leonard Tyler - text with interlinear translation, (Muihas or the Magpie) - 3 pages (No. 5-7). From David Pendleton (Making Medicine) - words - 4 1/2 pages. (No. 13-17). From Rubin Taylor - words and sentences - 3 pages. (No. 17-20). From Indian N.E. of Agency - words, 1/2 page. (No. 21). Names of Indians at Darlington - 6 names (page No. 21). Rudolph Petter - Collection of words - 2 pages (No. 22-23). Philip Block - Notes on different Indians by tribes - 1 page (No. 24). James Mooney - tribal names for the Cheyenne by the Yankton, Kiowa, Teton, Navajo and Arapaho. - 1/2 page. (No. 51)
Stephen R. Riggs - Dakota Grammar - extracts from. Approx. 20 pages. (Contributions Vol. IX (1893) ).
Kish Hawkins - sentences - 3 pages. (No. 8-10). grammatical notes - 25 pages. (25-50). grammatical notes - 18 pages. (72-90).
James Bent - Comparative Vocabulary of the Caddo, Cheyenne, Arapaho, and Wichita - 1 page. (No. 90). Ditto - Arapaho and Cheyenne - 6 pages. (No. 91-96).
Wolf Face - Notes on Cheyenne - 3 1/4 pages. (No. 97-100). Natural Philosophy - 3 pages. (No. 101-103).
George Bent - list of personal names - 1 1/4 pages. (No.106-7).
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 61
Place:
Darlington Oklahoma Territory
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Truman Michelson's handwritten linguistic notes on various Algonquian languages from his work with students at Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania during the winter of 1911-1912. The notes include information about the students he worked with, vocabulary, grammar, and an Arapaho text. Mary Belgarde and Patrick Azure provided information on Turtle Mountain Chippewa (which Michelson determined is Cree); Dorothy Morse on Northern Chippewa (near Duluth); Flora Masta on Abenaki; Grover Allen (a Kickapoo) on Potawatomi; Louise Kitchikum (likely Kachicum) on Menominee; and Bruce Groesbeck on Northern Arapaho.
Arrangement:
Notes are organized by language.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2703
Local Note:
Title changed from "Materials relating to various Algonquian languages" 4/15/2014.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
1894-95
Scope and Contents:
Introduction, page 1, by Louis L. Meeker, Tallowʹs teacher, with notes on pronunciation, received from Casper Edson, full-blood Arapaho of Darlington, Oklahoma
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 1825
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Citation:
Manuscript 1825, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Folklore
Narratives
Manuscripts
Date:
1910
Scope and Contents:
Arapaho stories collected by Truman Michelson from Little Shield, Wolf Bear, White Breast, and John Goggles, who also served as translator. There are stories handwritten in Arapaho, some of which include interlinear translations in English by Goggles. There are also free English translations by Goggles and Michelson in handwritten and typed form. The stories include: "Found in the grass;" "The girl and the porcupine;" "Blue bird, Elk woman, Buffalo woman;" Arapaho origin story; and the story of why white owls dislike hot weather.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2708
Local Note:
Title changed from "Miscellaneous stories; some texts and translations part, probably all, 1910" 4/15/2014.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Folklore
Narratives
Manuscripts
Vocabulary
Date:
1910
Scope and Contents:
Stories in Cheyenne by Wolf Chief, William Somers, White Medicine, White Bull, Sweet Medicine, and Hairy Hand, with interlineal and free English translations by Somers and and a few free translations by Truman Michelson. Also eight pages of Cheyenne vocabulary with English translations. White Bull was of Cheyenne and Arapaho background, and a few of his stories are identified as Arapaho in Michelson's notes.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Field notes
Vocabulary
Date:
1910
Scope and Contents:
Ethnological and linguistic notes collected by Truman Michelson on the Arapaho. Michelson obtained ethnological information from Little Shield, Sun Road, and Wolf Bear, with John Goggles serving as interpreter. Topics include games and accounts of Friday and Bad Arm (Thomas Fitzpatrick). Also among the ethnological notes are Michelson's observations of a peyote lodge ceremony with comparisons to Alfred Kroeber's descriptions. The linguistic notes are more extensive and include vocabulary and grammar notes from Goggles and other sources.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2707
Local Note:
Title changed from "Miscellaneous ethnological notes; linguistic notes; vocabulary Apparently 1910; certain pages dated 1910" 4/15/2014.
