The collection consists of 176 drawings of Katsinam made by Hopi artists beteween November 1899 and March 1900. Katsinam are benevolent spirit beings in the Hopi religion, serving as messengers who accept Hopi gifts and prayers for health, fertility, and rain and carry them back to the gods. They may represent plants, animals, insects, the sun, and human qualities. The drawings were commissioned by Jesse Walter Fewkes, who referred to the collection as the Codex Hopiensis.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
The drawings are arranged in inventory number order, which mostly follows the order of the plates in Fewkes' publication "Hopi Kachinas Drawn by Native Artists" in the 21st Bureau of American Ethnology Annual Report (1903).
Biographical Note:
The artists include Kutcahonauu (or White-bear), aged about 30 and who had attended the Keams Canyon School; his uncle, Homovi; Winuta; and Pobitsche, who had attended The Haskell Institute in Lawrence, Kansaa.
Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850‐1930) was a naturalist, anthropologist, and archaeologist who served as chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1918 to his death in 1928. Fewkes received a Ph.D. in marine zoology from Harvard in 1877, and was curator of lower invertebrates at the Museum of Comparative Zoology until 1887. He became deeply interested in the culture and history of Puebloan peoples while on a collecting trip in the western United States. In 1891, he served as director of the Hemenway Southwestern Archaeological Expedition and editor of the Journal of American Archeology and Ethnology. In 1895 he embarked on various archeological explorations for the Bureau of American Ethnology, during which he conducted excavations in the Southwest, the West Indies, and Florida.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4731
Conservation Note:
The drawings were mounted on light board prior to publication in 1903. After publication, they were trimmed so that the paper and board were the same size and bound into four volumes. In 2000-2001, all four volumes were disbound, flattened, and rehoused in sink mats.
Publication Note:
Almost all of the drawings were published in:
Jesse Walter Fewkes, "Hopi Kachinas Drawn by Native Artists" Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution 21, 1903. Plates II-LIII.
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives also holds Fewkes's field notes (MS 4408).
Fewkes photographs are held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 1, Photo Lot 4321, Photo Lot 30, and Photo Lot 86 (his negatives).
Correspondence from Fewkes is held in the National Anthropological Archives in the George L. Beam papers (MS 4517), the Henry Bascom Collins, Jr. papers, the Anthropological Society of Washington records (MS 4821), the Herbert William Krieger papers, the J.C. Pilling papers, the Walter Hough Papers (in the records of the Department of Anthropology), and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Depicts Pautiwa (Pawtiwa) (Zuni Sun God) wearing a mask with terraced symbols representing rain clouds attached to each side of the head and carrying a pouch, monkohu (wooden slat serving as a chief's badge), and two crooked sticks; and Hakto (Zuni Wood Carrier) wearing a mask with a horizontal bar and body paint.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547201
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts Tcakwaina (Chakwaina or Tsa'kwayna) Mana (Maiden or Sister) of Tewan Asa clan wearing a black mask with a small beard with an unfinished hair whorl and carrying a quiver, arrows, a bow, and a rattle.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547210
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts Keme (Ke-e) (Corn Dancer) wearing a mask with diagonal bands of red, green, and yellow across the face and body paint and a carrying a pine sprig.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547345
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts Hotcani wearing a mask with radiating feathers on top, pine boughs inserted into the armlets and belt, body paint, and carrying a bow, arrows and a rattle.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547346
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts two views of Panwu (Pong or Pongoktsina) (Mountain Sheep), both wearing masks with horns and snouts, body paint, and carrying a semi-circular framework with feather on their backs and feathered sticks in their hands. One is naked and the other is wearing a kilt, a shirt and leggings.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547352
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts Tcakwaina (Chakwaina or Tsa'kwayna) Yuadta (Mother) of the Tewan Asa clan wearing a black mask and a black blanket with crosses, and carrying a rattle.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547211
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Depicts Kwewu (Kweo or Kwewkatsina) (Wolf) wearing a mask in the shape of a wolf's head with wolf's paw designs on each cheek, body paint, and a kilt, and carrying a feathered staff.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547354
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 4731 Drawings of Katsinam by Hopi artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
