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Dr. Marcus Jacobson Papers of 20th Century Contemporary Artist Gu Wenda

Creator:: Jacobson, Marcus, 1930-2001 Search this

Names:: York University (Toronto, Ont.). Art Gallery Search this; Gu, Wenda, 1955- Search this

Extent:: 4 Letters (hand written); 1 Item (manuscript, hand written); 1 Exhibition catalog (includes essays and photographs); 1 Item (exhibition post card, black and white, 11 x 35 cm); 2 Photographs (color, 20 x 25 cm)

Container:: Box 1

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Letters; Exhibition catalogs; Photographs; Chromogenic color prints; Correspondence

Place:: China; Canada -- Ontario -- Toronto

Date:: 1986-1988

Scope and Contents:: This collection was created and collected by the late Dr. Marcus Jacobson. It consists of materials relating to contemporary Chinese artist Gu Wenda, whom Dr. Jacobson supported in Gu's early days (mid-1980s) by purchasing works and trying to interest fellow US and Canadian academics (Dr. Jacobson was a well-known neuroscientist) in Gu's works. This collection includes an original catalogue of Gu's first exhibition in North America at York University in Toronto to which Marcus contributed. Along with a few other items of similar nature including: correspondence from Gu to Dr. Jacobson, a letter from Dr. Jacobson to his art colleagues, and 2 photographs of Gu.

Arrangement:: Organized by document type: correspondence, notes, catalog, photographs.

Biographical / Historical:: Dr. Marcus Jacobson biographical note

Local Numbers:: FSA A2009.05

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research.

Rights:: Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:: Art, Modern -- 20th century Search this

Genre/Form:: Chromogenic color prints; Exhibition catalogs; Correspondence -- 20th century

Citation:: Dr. Marcus Jacobson Papers of 20th Century Contemporary Artist Gu Wenda. FSA.A2009.05. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Identifier:: FSA.A2009.05

Archival Repository:: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc36ee27eb7-9398-480e-aa4c-87b9317d2069

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-fsa-a2009-05

Online Media:

Charles Lang Freer Papers

Creator:: Freer, Charles Lang, 1856-1919 Search this

Extent:: 131 Linear feet (29 architectural drawings)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Diaries; Financial records; Correspondence; Photographs

Place:: China; Syria; Egypt; India; London (England); Japan; Boston (Mass.); Detroit (Mich.); Washington (D.C.); Kandy (Sri Lanka); Sri Lanka; Anuradhapura (Sri Lanka)

Date:: 1876-1931

Summary:: The personal papers of Charles Lang Freer, the industrialist and art collector who founded the Freer Gallery of Art. The papers include correspondence, diaries, art inventories, scrapbooks of clippings on James McNeil Whistler and other press clippings, and photographs.

Scope Content:: The personal papers of Charles Lang Freer, the industrialist and art collector who founded the Freer Gallery of Art. The papers include correspondence, diaries, art inventories, scrapbooks of clippings on James McNeil Whistler and other press clippings, financial material, architectural drawings, and photographs.

Correspondence, circa 1860-1921, includes Freer's correspondence, 1876-1920, with artists, dealers, collectors, museums, and public figures; letterpress books contain copies of Freer's outgoing letters, 1892-1910; correspondence collected by Freer of James McNeill Whistler, and his wife Beatrix, 186?-1909, with Lady Colin Campbell, Thomas R. Way, Alexander Reid, Whistler's mother, Mrs. George W. Whistler, and others; correspondence of Whistler collector Richard A. Canfield, 1904-1913, regarding works in Canfield's collection; and correspondence of Freer's assistant, Katharine Nash Rhoades, 1920-1921, soliciting Freer's letters from his associates, and regarding the settlement of his estate.

Also included are twenty-nine pocket diaries, 1889-1890, 1892-1898, 1900-1919, recording daily activities, people and places visited, observations, and comments; a diary kept by Freer's caretaker, Joseph Stephens Warring, recording daily activities at Freer's Detroit home, 1907-1910. Inventories, n.d. and 1901-1921, of American, European, and Asian art in Freer's collection, often including provenance information; vouchers, 1884-1919, documenting his purchases; five volumes of scrapbooks of clippings on James McNeill Whistler, 1888-1931, labeled "Various," "Peacock Room," "Death, etc.," "Paris, etc.," and "Boston...London" ; three volumes of newsclippings, 1900-1930, concerning Freer and the opening of the Freer Gallery of Art.

Correspondence regarding Freer's gift and bequest to the Smithsonian Institution, 1902-1916; and photographs, ca. 1880-1930, of Freer, including portraits by Alvin Langdon Coburn and Edward Steichen, Freer with others, Freer in Cairo, China and Japan, Freer's death mask, and his memorial service, Kyoto, 1930; photographs of artists and others, including Thomas Dewing, Ernest Fenollosa, Katharine Rhoades taken by Alfred Stieglitz, Rosalind B. Philip, Augustus Saint-Gaudens, Abbott H. Thayer, Dwight Tryon, and Whistler; and photographs relating to Whistler, including art works depicting him, grave and memorial monuments, works of art, the Peacock Room, and Whistler's memorial exhibition at the Copley Society.

Organization of the Papers:: This collection is organized into twelve series.

Series 1: Genealogical and Biographical Data

Series 2: Correspondence

Series 3: Diaries

Series 4: Freer Colleague Materials

Series 5: Art Inventories

Series 6: Financial Materials

Series 7: Exhibition Loan Files

Series 8: Biblical Manuscripts and Gold Treasure Files

Series 9: American School of Archaeology in China

Series 10: Printed Material

Series 11: Outsize Material

Series 12: Photographs

Biographical Note:: 1854 February 25 -- Born in Kingston, New York

1873 -- Appointed accountant and paymaster of New York, Kingston and Syracuse Railroad by Frank J. Hecker (1846-1927)

1876 -- Moves to Indiana to work, with Hecker, for the Detroit and Eel River and Illinois Railroad

1880 -- Moves to Detroit, participates in organization of the Peninsular Car Works with Hecker

1883 -- Becomes vice president and secretary of Peninsular Car Company when it succeeds Peninsular Car Works

1883 -- Begins collecting European prints

1884 -- Peninsular Car Company constructs plant on Ferry Avenue

1887 -- Meets Howard Mansfield (1849-1938)

1887 -- Acquires proofs of 26 etchings, Venice, Second Series(1886), by James McNeill Whistler (1834-1903)

1887 -- Purchases a small Japanese fan attributed to Ogata Korin(1658-1715)

1887 -- Buys land on Ferry Avenue

1889 -- Meets Frederick Stuart Church (1826-1900) and Dwight William Tryon (1849-1925) in New York

1890 -- Commissions Wilson Eyre (1858-1944) to design house on Ferry Avenue, Detroit, Michigan

1890 -- On first trip to London, meets James McNeill Whistler(1834-1903)

1892 -- Moves to Ferry Avenue house

1892 -- Tryon and Thomas Wilmer Dewing (1851-1938) undertake decoration of reception rooms

1893 -- Lends American paintings to World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago

1893 -- Purchases first piece of Chinese art, a small painting of white herons by an anonymous Ming dynasty (1368-1644) artist

1894 -- Begins yearlong trip around the world, which includes visit to the Whistlers in Paris and first trip to Asia, stopping in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), India, China, and Japan

1896 -- Meets Matsuki Bunkyo (1867-1940) in Boston

1899 -- Takes part in consolidation of railroad-car building companies then retires from active business

1900 -- Attends Exposition International Universelle in Paris

1900 -- Buys villa in Capri with Thomas S. Jerome

1901 -- Meets Siegfried Bing (1838-1905) in Paris and Ernest Fenollosa(1853-1908), who visits Freer in Detroit

1902 -- Meets Dikran Kelekian (1868-1951)

1902 -- Spends summer in Britain building Whistler collection

1902 -- Views Whistler's, Harmony in Blue and Gold: The Peacock Room

1904 -- Purchases Whistler's Peacock Room

1904 -- Offers his art collections and funds to build a museum in which to house them to the Smithsonian Institution

1905 -- Smithsonian committee visits Freer in Detroit

1906 -- United States government formally accepts Freer's gift on January 24

1906 -- Freer signs Deed of Gift to Smithsonian Institution on May 5

1907 -- On second tour of Asia, meets Hara Tomitaro 1868-1939) in Yokohama, Japan

1908 -- Takes third trip to Asia, specifically to West Asia to study Rakka ware

1909 -- Tours Europe to study art museums

1909 -- On fourth trip to Asia, attends memorial ceremony for Fenollosa (d.1908 September) at Miidera, Japan, and meets Duanfang (1861-1911) in China

1910 -- On last trip to Asia, visits Longmen Buddhist caves in China

1911 -- Suffers stroke

1912 -- Lends selection of objects for exhibition at Smithsonian Institution

1913 -- Meets Eugene (1875-1957) and Agnes E. (1887-1970) Meyer

1913 -- Commissions Charles Adams Platt (1861-1933) to design museum building in Washington

1914 -- Meets Katharine Nash Rhoades (1885-1965) in Detroit

1915 -- Settles in New York City

1915 -- Site of future Freer Gallery of Art is determined

1916 -- Platt's plans for Freer Gallery are approved by Smithsonian Regents and Commission of Fine Arts and ground is broken in September

1918 -- After falling ill in Detroit, Freer travels to New York for treatment

1918 -- Work on the museum building is delayed by the war

1919 -- Freer appends codicil to will permitting acquisitions of Asian, Egyptian, and Near Eastern (West Asian) art

1919 -- Dies in New York City on 25 September and is buried in Kingston, New York

1919 -- Construction of Freer Gallery completed

1920 -- John Ellerton Lodge (1876-1942) is appointed director of the Freer Gallery

1923 -- Freer Gallery opens to the public on May 9

1930 -- Memorial ceremony for Freer is held at Koetsuji, Kyoto

Charles Lang Freer was an American industrialist who founded the Freer Gallery of Art. He was a well-known collector of Asian art, and strongly supported the synthesis of Eastern art and Western art. One of his most famous acquisitions was James McNeill Whistler's Peacock Room.

Index:: Index to cross-referenced correspondents in the series Charles Lang Freer correspondence

Beal, Junius E. -- See: -- Warring, Joseph Stephens

Black, George M. -- See: -- Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

Board of Education (Kingston, New York) See: Michael, M. J.

Bonner, Campbell See: University of Michigan

Boughton, George H. See: Yardley, F. C.

British Museum See: Binyon, Laurence; Hobson, R. L.

Brown, Harold H. See: Art Association of Indianapolis

Buchner, Evelyn B. See: Knoedler, M., and Company

Buckholder, C. H. See: Art Institute of Chicago

Butler, S. B. See: Unidentified correspondents

Carnegie Institute See: Balken, Edward Duff; Harshe, Robert B.

Carpenter, Newton H. See: Art Institute of Chicago

Caulkins, Horace James See: Pewabic Pottery

Chao, Shih-chin See: Gunn, Chu Su

Chicago & North Western Railway Co. See: Hughett, Marvin

Clark, Charles Upson See: Clark, Arthur B.

Cleveland Museum of Art See: Whiting, Frederic Allen

Columbia University See: Braun, W. A.; Gottheil, Richard; Hirth, Friederich

Commission of Fine Arts See: Moore, Charles

Corcoran Gallery of Art See: Minnigerode, C. Powell

Crocker, Anna B. See: Portland Art Association

Dannenberg, D. E. See: Karlbeck, Orvar

De Menoncal, Beatrice See: Lien, Hui Ch'ing Collection

De Ricci, Seymour See: Ricci, Seymour de

Defnet, William A., Mrs., See: Franke, Ida M.

DeMotte See: Vigouroux, J.

Detroit Institute of Arts See: Detroit Museum of Art

Detroit Publishing Company See: Livingstone, W. A.

Detroit School of Design See: George Hamilton; Stevens, Henry

DeVinne Press See: Peters, Samuel T.; Witherspoon, A. S.

Dyrenforth, P. C. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Eddy, Arthur J. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Eggers, George Williams See: Art Institute of Chicago

Farr, Daniel H. See: Robinson and Farr

Farrand School (Detroit) See: Yendall, Edith

Field Museum of Natural History (Chicago) See: Laufer, Berthold

Flagg, Frederick J. See: Allen, Horace N.

Fogg Art Museum, Harvard University See: Forbes, Edward; Pope, Arthur Upham; Sachs, Paul J.

French, M. R. See: Art Institute of Chicago

Fu, Lan-ya See: Pang, Lai-ch'en

Fujii, Yoshio See: Yoshio, Fujii

Gerrity, Thomas See: Knoedler, M., and Company

Goupil Gallery See: Marchant, William

Gray, William J. See: Barr, Eva

Great Lakes Engineering Works See: Hoyt, H. W.

Grolier Club See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Heinemann, W. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Holden, Edward S. See: West Point, U. S. Military Academy

Hudson, J. L. See: Weber, William C.

Hutchins, Harry B. See: University of Michigan

Hutchins, Charles L. See: Art Institute of Chicago

Kelekian, H. G. See: Kelekian, Dikran G.

Kent, H. W. See: Metropolitan Museum of Art

Lee, Kee Son See: Li, Chi-ch'un

Levy, John See: Schneider, A. K.

Library of Congress See: Rice, Richard A.; Wright, Helen

Louvre (Paris, France) See: Midgeon, Gaston

Matsuki, Z. See: Matsuki, Kihachiro

McKim, Mead and White See: White, Stanford

Mills, A. L., Colonel See: Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

Miner, Luella See: Lien, Hui Ch'ing Collection

Minneapolis Institute of Arts See: Breck, Joseph; Van Derlip, John R.

Monif, R. Khan See: Rathbun, Richard

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston See: Lodge, John Ellerton

Naser, Katen & Nahass See: Katen, K.

Nordlinger, Marie, Miss See: Meyer-Riefstahl, Marie

Panama Pacific International Exposition See: Moore, Charles C.; Trask, John E. D.

Peabody Museum See: Morse, Edward Sylvester

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts See: Trask, John E. D.

Perry, Mary Chase, Miss., See: Pewabic Pottery

Philip, Ronald M. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Pope, G. D. See: Barr, Eva

Reinhart, A. G. See: Gottschalk, E.

Reitz, Sigisbert ChrÃ©tien Bosch See: Bosch-Reitz, Sigisbert ChrÃ©tien

Rutgers College See: Van Dyke, John C.

Saint-Gaudens, Augusta H. See: Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

Saint-Gaudens, Homer See: Saint-Gaudens, Augustus

Samurai Shokai See: Nomura, Yozo

San Francisco Art Association See: Laurvik, J. Nilsen

Scribner's, Charles, Sons See: Van Dyke, John C.

Shaw, Wilfred B. See: University of Michigan

Shirae, S. Z. See: Yamanaka and Company

Smith College See: Clark, Arthur B.

Smithsonian Institution See: Holmes, William Henry; Rathbun, Richard; Ravenel, Walcott, Charles D.

Society of Arts and Crafts (Detroit) See: Plumb, Helen

Societe des Beaux-Arts See: Reid, Alexander

Stevens, George W. See: Toledo Museum of Art

Stratton, Mary Chase Perry See: Pewabic Pottery

Tanaka, Kichijiro See: Yamanaka and Company

Tuttle, William F. See: Art Institute of Chicago

Union Trust Company (Detroit) See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

United States Military Academy See: West Point, U. S. Military Academy

University of Chicago See: Zug, George Breed

University of Pennsylvania, Univ. Mus. See: Gordon, George Bryon

Ushikubo, D. J. R. See: Yamanaka and Company

Wallis & Son See: Barr, Eva; Thompson, C. Croal Ward, Clarence See: Oberlin College

Warren, Edward K. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Warring, Stephen See: Warring, Joseph Stephens

Watkin, Williams R. T. See: Philip, Rosalind Birnie

Watson, Margaret, Miss See: Parker, Margaret Watson

Whistler, Anna See: Stanton, Anna Whistler

Whiting, Almon C. See: Toledo Museum of Art

Williams College See: Rice, Richard A

Wright, F. G. See: Orbach and Company

Yatsuhashi, H. See: Yamanaka and Company; Index to cross-referenced correspondence in the series Whistler correspondence

Bell, William See: Unidentified correspondents

Brown, Ernest See: Painter Etchers' Society, Committee

Cowen, John T. See subseries: Charles Lang Freer Correspondence

Ford, Sheridan See: Reid, Alexander

Haden, Francis Seymour See: Painter Etchers' Society, Committee

Haden, Francis Seymour, Lady See: Haden, Deborah Whistler

Leighton, Frederick, Baron See: Campbell, Lady Colin

Moore, Albert See: Reid, Alexander

Morley, Charles See: Pall Mall Gazette

Morris, Harrison S. See: Reid, Alexander

Pennell, Joseph See: Miscellaneous typescripts

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts See: Reid, Alexander

Prange, F. G. See: Reid, Alexander

Societe des Beaux-Arts See: Reid, Alexander

Society of Portrait Painters See: Reid, Alexander

Stevens Fine Art See: Reid, Alexander

Studd, Arthur See: Miscellaneous typescripts

[Vanderbilt?], George, Mrs. See: George, Mrs.

Whistler, William McNeill, Mrs. See: Whistler, Nellie

Whistler Memorial Committee See: Miscellaneous typescripts

Related Material:: The Archives of American Art microfilmed portions of the Freer papers in 1992. The microfilm is available at the Archives of American Art's Washington D.C. office, the Freer Gallery of Art Library, and through interlibrary loan.

Provenance:: Gift of the Estate of Charles Lang Freer.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research.

Rights:: Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:: Art, American -- Collectors and collecting Search this; Art, Asian -- Collectors and collecting Search this; Art -- Collectors and collecting Search this; Architecture -- Asia Search this

Genre/Form:: Diaries; Financial records; Correspondence; Photographs

Citation:: Charles Lang Freer Papers. FSA A.01. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of the estate of Charles Lang Freer.

Identifier:: FSA.A.01

See more items in:: Charles Lang Freer Papers

Archival Repository:: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3f1a0e3e0-630c-48d4-ba28-485946b1d615

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-fsa-a-01

Online Media:

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Marion Greenwood

Artist:: Greenwood, Marion 1909-1970 Search this

Writer of essay:: Salpeter, Harry Search this

Issuing body:: Mint Museum (Charlotte, N.C.) Search this

Author:: Smithsonian Libraries Art and Artist Files Collection Search this

Subject:: Greenwood, Marion 1909-1970 Search this

Physical description:: 4 unnumbered pages illustrations 22 cm

Type:: Manuscripts; Exhibitions; Artist files

Date:: 1960

Call number:: N6537.G77 A4 1960; AAF--Greenwood, Marion

Data Source:: Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:siris_sil_746574

Jan Stussy papers, 1924-2018

Creator:: Stussy, Jan, 1921-1990 Search this

Subject:: Macdonald-Wright, Stanton Search this; Stussy, Maxine Kim Search this

Type:: Sound recordings; Video recordings; Diaries

Citation:: Jan Stussy papers, 1924-2018. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:: Art -- Study and teaching -- California -- Los Angeles Search this; Synchromism (Art) Search this

Theme:: Lives of artists Search this

Record number:: (DSI-AAA_CollID)7338; (DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)209491; AAA_collcode_stusjan

Theme:: Lives of artists

Data Source:: Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_209491

Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology

Creator:: Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology Search this

Extent:: 245 Linear feet ((376 boxes and 10 map drawers))

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials

Date:: 1878-1965

Summary:: The records in this collection embody the administrative functions of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1879 to 1965. The collection consists of correspondence, card files, registers, official notices, annual and monthly work reports, research statements, research proposals, grant applications, personnel action requests, notices of personnel action, meeting minutes, purchase orders and requisitions, property records, biographical sketches, resolutions, newspaper clippings, reviews of publications, drafts of publications, circulars, programs, pamphlets, announcements, illustrations, cartographic materials, photographic prints, photographic negatives, bibliographies, and reprinted publications.

Scope and Contents:: The records in this collection embody the administrative functions of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1879 to 1965. The collection consists of correspondence, card files, registers, official notices, annual and monthly work reports, research statements, research proposals, grant applications, personnel action requests, notices of personnel action, meeting minutes, purchase orders and requisitions, property records, biographical sketches, resolutions, newspaper clippings, reviews of publications, drafts of publications, circulars, programs, pamphlets, announcements, illustrations, cartographic materials, photographic prints, photographic negatives, bibliographies, and reprinted publications.

Correspondence comprises the bulk of this collection. A significant portion of this correspondence originates from the Bureau's duty to field inquiries regarding North American aboriginal cultures and respond to requests relating to the duplication of BAE library and archival materials. Inquiries and requests, received from all parts of the world, were submitted by colleagues, museum curators and directors, students, professors, amateur archaeologists, government agents, military officials, Smithsonian Institution officials, artists, and members of the general public. Other correspondence reflects the Bureau's day-to-day operations and internal affairs. Subjects discussed in this correspondence include research projects, field expeditions, annual budgets, personnel matters, the acquisition of manuscripts, the disbursement of specimens, and production of BAE publications. Correspondence is occasionally accompanied by announcements, circulars, programs, pamphlets, photographs, drawings, diagrams, bibliographies, lists, newspaper clippings, and maps. Also among these records are the card files and registers of incoming and outgoing correspondence maintained by early BAE administrative staff. For a list of correspondents, see the appendix to this finding aid, available in the NAA reading room.

The majority of illustrations, artwork, and photographs that appear in this collection are associated with BAE publications, including BAE Annual Reports, BAE Bulletins, Contributions to North American Ethnology and Smithsonian Institution, Miscellaneous Collection. Maps located among the collection originate, by and large, from BAE field expeditions and research projects. BAE staff also amassed great quantities of newspaper clippings that concerned BAE research or points of interest. Of particular note are three scrapbooks comprised of clippings that relate to "mound builders" and the work of the BAE's Division of Mound Explorations.

Also worthy of note are the various records relating to the 1903 investigation of the BAE. Records related to the investigation highlight the Smithsonian Institution's longstanding dissatisfaction with the internal management of the BAE, its concerns over the BAE's loose relationship with the parent organization, and displeasure with the manner in which BAE scientific research was developing. Other materials of special interest are the various administrative records covering the period 1929 to 1946 and 1949 to 1965. The majority cover personnel matters; however, others justify the work of the BAE and bear witness to growing concerns that the BAE would eventually be absorbed by the Department of Anthropology within the United States National Museum.

Arrangement:: The collection has been arranged into the following 12 series: (1) Correspondence, 1897-1965; (2) Cooperative Ethnological Investigations, 1928-1935; (3) Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1929-1946; (4) Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1949-1965; (5) Records Concerning the Photographic Print Collection, 1899-1919; (6) Records Concerning Employees; (7) Fiscal Records, 1901-1902 and 1945-1968; (8) Records Relating to the 1903 Investigation of the BAE; (9) Property Records and Requisitions; (10) Clippings; (11) Publications; (12) BAE Library Materials, Pamphlets and Reprints

Administrative History:: The Bureau of Ethnology was established by an act of the United States Congress on March 3, 1879, but it was largely the personal creation of the geologist and explorer Major John Wesley Powell. His earlier explorations of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon formed the basis of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. While exploring the area, Powell became alarmed at what he perceived to be the decline of the aboriginal way of life due to rapid depopulation. In a letter to the Secretary of the Interior, he warned that "in a few years, it will be impossible to study…Indians in their primitive condition, except from recorded history" (Hinsley). He urged swift government action; the result of which was the appropriation of $20,000 (20 Stat. 397) to transfer all documents relating to North American Indians from the Department of Interior to the Smithsonian Institution and its Secretary's appointment of Powell as director of the newly established Bureau of Ethnology, a position he held until his death in 1902. In 1897, its name was changed to the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to underscore the limits of its geographical reaches.

Under Powell, the BAE organized the nation's earliest anthropological field expeditions, in which the characteristics and customs of native North Americans were observed firsthand and documented in official reports. Images of Indian life were captured on photographic glass plate negatives, and their songs on wax cylinder recordings. Histories, vocabularies and myths were gathered, along with material objects excavated from archaeological sites, and brought back to Washington for inclusion in the BAE manuscript library or the United States National Museum.

The fruits of these investigations were disseminated via a series of highly regarded and widely distributed publications, most notably BAE Annual Reports, BAE Bulletins, and Contributions to North American Ethnology. BAE research staff also responded routinely to inquiries posed by colleagues, government agencies, and the general public on matters ranging from artwork to warfare. Moreover, the BAE prepared exhibits on the various cultural groups it studied not only for the Smithsonian Institution, but also for large expositions held nationwide.

In 1882 Powell, under instruction of Congress, established the Division of Mound Explorations for the purpose of discovering the true origin of earthen mounds found predominately throughout the eastern United States. It was the first of three temporary, yet significant, subunits supported by the Bureau. Cyrus Thomas, head of the Division, published his conclusions in the Bureau's Annual Report of 1894, which is considered to be the last word in the controversy over the mounds' origins. With the publication of Thomas' findings, the Division's work came to a close.

The course of BAE operations remained largely the same under Powell's successors: W.J. McGee (acting director) 1902; William Henry Holmes, 1902-1910; Frederick W. Hodge, 1910-1918; J. Walter Fewkes, 1918-1928; Matthew W. Stirling, 1928-1957; Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr., 1957-1964; and Henry B. Collins (acting director), 1964-1965. However, following a 1903 internal investigation of the Bureau's administrative activities, Smithsonian officials called for a broader scope of ethnological inquiry and greater application of anthropological research methodologies. The BAE responded in 1904 by expanding agency activities to include investigations in Hawaii, the Philippines, and the Caribbean.

The BAE extended its geographical reaches once again, in the 1940s, to include Central and South America. In 1943, the Institute of Social Anthropology (ISA) was established as an independent subunit of the Bureau for the purpose of developing and promoting ethnological research throughout the American Republics. The findings of ISA-sponsored investigations were published in the six volume series, Handbook of South American Indians (BAE Bulletin 143). Julian H. Steward, editor of the Handbook, was appointed director of ISA operations and held the position until 1946 when George M. Foster assumed responsibility. The ISA was absorbed by the Institute of Inter-American Affairs in 1952, thus terminating its relationship with the BAE.

In 1946 the BAE assumed partial administrative control of the recently established River Basin Surveys (RBS), its third and final autonomous subunit. The purpose of the RBS was to salvage and preserve archaeological evidence threatened by post-World War II public works programs, more specifically the rapid construction of dams and reservoirs occurring throughout the country. Excavations conducted under the RBS yielded considerable data on early North American Indian settlements, and subsequent deliberations on this data were published as reports in various BAE Bulletins.

In 1965, the BAE merged administratively with the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Anthropology to form the Office of Anthropology within the United States National Museum (now the Department of Anthropology within the National Museum of Natural History). The BAE manuscript library, also absorbed by the Department of Anthropology, became the foundation of what is today the National Anthropological Archives (NAA).

In its 86 year existence, the BAE played a significant role in the advancement of American anthropology. Its staff included some of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries' most distinguished anthropologists, including Jeremiah Curtain, Frank Hamilton Cushing, J.O. Dorsey, Jesse Walter Fewkes, Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Albert H. Gatschet, John Peabody Harrington, John N.B. Hewitt, William Henry Holmes, Ales Hrdlicka, Neil Judd, Francis LaFlesche, Victor and Cosmo Mindeleff, James Mooney, James Pilling, Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Matthew Williams Stirling, William Duncan Strong, and William Sturtevant. The BAE also collaborated with and supported the work of many non-Smithsonian researchers, most notably Franz Boas, Frances Densmore, Gerard Fowke, Garrick Mallery, Washington Matthews, Paul Radin, John Swanton, Cyrus Thomas, and T.T. Waterman, as well as America's earliest field photographers such as Charles Bell, John K. Hillers, Timothy O'Sullivan, and William Dinwiddie. Several of its staff founded the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1880, which later became the American Anthropological Association in 1899. What is more, its seminal research continues to be drawn upon by contemporary anthropologists and government agents through the use of BAE manuscripts now housed in the NAA.

Sources Consulted:

Hinsley, Curtis. Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.

McGee, WJ. "Bureau of American Ethnology." The Smithsonian Institution, 1846-1896, The History of its First Half-Century, pp. 367-396. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1897.

Sturtevant, William. "Why a Bureau of American Ethnology?" Box 286, Functions of the BAE, Series IV: Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1948-1965, Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, National Anthropological Archives.

Related Materials:: Additional material relating to BAE administrative affairs and research projects can be found among the National Anthropological Archives' vast collection of numbered manuscripts. Too numerous to list in this space, these include official correspondence, monthly and annual work reports, fiscal records, field notes, personal diaries, expedition logs, catalogues of specimens, vocabularies, historical sketches, maps, diagrams, drawings, bibliographies, working papers and published writings, among various other material. Most of these documents are dispersed throughout the numbered manuscript collection as single items; however, some have been culled and unified into larger units (e.g., MS 2400 is comprised of documents relating to the Division of Mound Explorations). Artwork and illustrations produced for BAE publications are also located among the NAA's numbered manuscript collection as well as its photograph collection (e.g., Photo Lot 78-51 and Photo Lot 80-6).

Photographs concerning BAE research interests can be found among the following NAA photographic lots: Photo Lot 14, Bureau of American Ethnology Subject and Geographic File ca. 1870s-1930s; Photo Lot 24, BAE Photographs of American Indians 1840s to 1960s (also known as the Source Print Collection); Photo Lot 60, BAE Reference Albums 1858-1905; and Photo Lot 85, BAE Miscellaneous Photographs 1895 to 1930. Other photographic lots include portraits of BAE staff and collaborators, namely Photo Lot 33, Portraits of Anthropologists and others 1860s-1960s; Photo Lot 68, Portraits of John Wesley Powell ca. 1890 and 1898; and Photo Lot 70, Department of Anthropology Portrait File ca. 1864-1921.

Additional materials in the NAA relating to the work of the BAE can be found among the professional papers of its staff, collaborators and USNM anthropologists. These include the papers of Ales Hrdlicka, John Peabody Harrington, Otis Mason, J.C. Pilling, Matthew Williams Stirling, and William Duncan Strong. Documents relating to the work of the BAE can be found among the records of the River Basin Surveys (1928-1969) and the Institute of Social Anthropology (1941-1952).

Records related to this collection can also be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). SIA accession 05-124 includes information regarding the 1942 transfer of six audio recordings related to the Chumash Indian language from the Bureau of American Ethnology to the National Archives, nine pages of Chumash translations, and "The Story of Candalaria, the Old Indian Basket-Maker." The Fiscal and Payroll Records of the Office of the Secretary, 1847 to 1942 (Record Unit 93), includes voucher logs, disbursement journals and daybooks of money paid out to the BAE from 1890 to 1910. BAE correspondence can also be found among the Records of the Office of the Secretary (Record Unit 776, accession 05-162). The Papers of William Henry Holmes, second director of the BAE, are also located among the SIA (Record Unit 7084).

Accession records concerning artifacts and specimens collected by the BAE are located in the registrar's office of the National Museum of Natural History.

Related collections can also be found at the National Archives and Records Administration. RG 57.3.1, the Administrative Records of the United States Geological Survey, includes register of applications for BAE ethnological expositions conducted between 1879-1882. RG 75.29, Still Pictures among the Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, includes 22 photographs of Arapaho, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Navajo, and Apache Indians taken by William S. Soule for the BAE during 1868-1875. RG 106, Records of the Smithsonian Institution, includes cartographic records (106.2) relating to Indian land cessions in Indiana created for the First Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1881 (1 item); a distribution of American Indian linguistic stock in North America and Greenland, by John Wesley Powell, for the Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, ca. 1887 (1 item); a distribution of Indian tribal and linguistic groups in South America, 1950 (1 item); the Indian tribes in North America, for Bulletin 145, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1952 (4 items). Sound Recordings (106.4) include songs and linguistic material relating to the Aleut, Mission, Chumash, and Creek, gather by the BAE in 1912, 1914, 1930-41. Some include translations (122 items).

Provenance:: The Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology were transferred to the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives with the merger of the BAE and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965. The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives was renamed the National Anthropological Archives in 1968.

Restrictions:: The Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology are open for research.

Access to the Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology requires an appointment.

Rights:: Contact repository for terms of use.

Citation:: Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:: NAA.XXXX.0155

See more items in:: Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology

Archival Repository:: National Anthropological Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw391046c25-21e2-4334-a01f-9a6f734ae9cd

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0155

Online Media:

Jan Stussy papers

Creator:: Stussy, Jan, 1921-1990 Search this

Names:: Macdonald-Wright, Stanton, 1890-1973 Search this; Stussy, Maxine Kim, 1923-2020 Search this

Extent:: 8.1 Linear feet

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Sound recordings; Video recordings; Diaries

Date:: 1924-2018

Summary:: The papers of Jan Stussy measure 8.1 linear feet and date from 1924 to 2018. The papers document the career of painter and educator Jan Stussy through correspondence; a resume and other professional documentation; clippings and exhibition announcements; and photographs and slides of Stussy and his artwork. The papers also document the life of artist Stanton MacDonald-Wright through correspondence with Stussy; manuscripts and other writings; lectures and discussions with Stussy; clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, and other printed material; and photographs of MacDonald-Wright, Stussy, and Stussy's artwork.

Scope and Contents:: The papers of Jan Stussy measure 8.1 linear feet and date from 1924-2018. The papers document the career of painter and educator Jan Stussy through correspondence; a resume and other professional documentation; clippings and exhibition announcements; and photographs and slides of Stussy and his artwork. The papers also document the life of artist Stanton MacDonald-Wright through correspondence with Stussy; manuscripts and other writings; lectures and discussions with Stussy; clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, and other printed material; and photographs of MacDonald-Wright.

Biographical material consists of Stussy family history, material on Fred Stussy, Stussy's Boy Scout scrapbook, and an obituary.

Correspondence consists of letters from Stussy to his wife, Maxine Kim Stussy, with various museums and institutions such as the United States Embassy in Turkey, and a collection of postcards. Also included are correspondence between Stussy and Stanton MacDonald-Wright.

Writings consist of a biography and general notes on Stanton MacDonald-Wright, articles on art, manuscripts for screenplays written by Stussy, poetry, and miscellaneous notes. Also included are some of Stussy's diaries from the 1940s and 1980s.

Personal business records consist of mainly inventory and price lists, some general account records, general invoices and related correspondence, and invoices from the Esther Robles Gallery.

Professional activity material consists of resumes, academic evaluations and promotions from his time as a professor at UCLA, awards, screenplay material, and some exhibition files. Also included are a series of audio cassette interviews between Stussy and Stanton MacDonald-Wright, an audio cassette lecture by MacDonald-Wright, and a video cassette on "The Ideals of Occidental Composition."

Printed material consists of clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, published articles by Stussy, a book on Stussy's art, and a book featuring some of Stussy's illustrations.

Artwork consists of sketches done by students for some of Stussy's courses in 1948, sketches by Stussy, and collages.

Photographic material consists of photographs of Stussy, Stanton MacDonald-Wright, and of Stussy's artwork. There is a large collection of slides of Stussy's artwork and of tattoo art. Also included are four 8mm film reels of photographs of primarily tattoo art.

Catalog of artwork is a catalog put together by the Jan Stussy Foundation. The catalog contains a listing of Stussy's works consisting of a general list of works, photographs of artwork on index cards, and catalog worksheets with titles and other pertinent information related to each piece.

Arrangement:: The collection is arranged into nine series.

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1924-1990 (0.1 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1940-1991 (0.5 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 3: Writings, 1943-1992 (0.8 linear feet; Boxes 1-2)

Series 4: Personal Business Records, 1943-1988, 2018 (0.1 linear feet; Box 2)

Series 5: Professional Activity Files, 1950-1990 (0.6 linear feet; Boxes 2-3)

Series 6: Printed Material, 1940-2016 (1.0 linear feet; Boxes 3, 9-10)

Series 7: Artwork, circa 1948 (0.2 linear feet; Boxes 3)

Series 8: Photographic and Motion Picture Film Material, 1950-1989 (3.3 linear feet; Boxes 3-5, 7, OV 8, FC 09-12)

Series 9: Catalog of Artwork, circa 1995 (1.5 linear feet; Boxes 5-6)

Biographical / Historical:: Jan Stussy (1921-1990) was a painter and educator primarily in Los Angeles, California. Stussy was born in 1921 in Benton County, Missouri, and he taught at UCLA. Stussy studied with Stanton MacDonald-Wright and remained life-long friends with him. Stussy was married to artist Maxine Kim Stussy.

Stanton MacDonald-Wright (1890-1973) was a modern American artist and co-founder of Syncromism, an early abstract, color-based mode of painting, which was the first American avant-garde art movement to receive international attention. MacDonald-Wright was born in Charlotteville, Virginia in 1890. He moved to Los Angeles in 1918 where he would serve as director of the Southern California division of the Works Project Administration Federal Art Project from 1935 to 1943. He also taught art at UCLA.

Provenance:: The Jan Stussy papers were donated to the archives between 1976-1985 by Jan Stussy and in 2022 by Belinda Franekl, Maxine Stussy's stepdaughter.

Restrictions:: This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Researchers interested in accessing audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.

Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:: Painters -- California -- Los Angeles Search this; Educators -- California -- Los Angeles Search this

Topic:: Art -- Study and teaching -- California -- Los Angeles Search this; Synchromism (Art) Search this

Genre/Form:: Sound recordings; Video recordings; Diaries

Citation:: Jan Stussy papers, 1924-2018. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:: The processing of this collection received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care and Preservation Fund, administered by the National Collections Program and the Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee.

Identifier:: AAA.stusjan

See more items in:: Jan Stussy papers

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9c844e8fe-3a50-4cc9-af95-52220980bd34

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-aaa-stusjan

No Image Available

Writings

Collection Creator:: Stussy, Jan, 1921-1990 Search this

Extent:: 0.8 Linear feet (Boxes 1-2)

Type:: Archival materials

Date:: 1943-1992

Scope and Contents:: Writings are primarily partial manuscripts of "The Image of Fire" by MacDonald-Wright, an outline for MacDonald-Wright's "Roots of Syncromism," and a foreword written by MacDonald-Wright for one of Stussy's exhibition brochures. Also included are statements on art, poetry, screenplays, and a biography on MacDonald-Wright written by Stussy.

Collection Restrictions:: This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Researchers interested in accessing audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.

Collection Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:: Jan Stussy papers, 1924-2018. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:: The processing of this collection received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care and Preservation Fund, administered by the National Collections Program and the Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee.

Identifier:: AAA.stusjan, Series 3

See more items in:: Jan Stussy papers

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw96d531283-6c05-41cd-a9c0-508253d49cf1

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aaa-stusjan-ref14

view <em>The Goddess worshipped by the sage Chyavana</em> from a Tantric Devi series digital asset number 1

The Goddess worshipped by the sage Chyavana from a Tantric Devi series

Artist:: Attributed to Kripal (active 1660-1690) Search this

Medium:: Opaque watercolor on paper, gold, silver, and beetle wing

Dimensions:: H x W (painting): 17.9 × 21.4 cm (7 1/16 × 8 7/16 in)

Type:: Painting

Origin:: Basohli, Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab Hills, India

Date:: ca. 1660-1670

Topic:: worship Search this; Vishnu Search this; Devi Search this; lotus Search this; sage Search this; tantra Search this; India Search this; Rishi Search this; conch shell Search this; mace Search this; South Asian and Himalayan Art Search this; sudarshana chakra Search this

Credit Line:: Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment

Accession Number:: F1997.8

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:: Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:: Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye303d73ae6-4a4c-43de-9be2-13b62d45fc47

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:fsg_F1997.8

No Image Available

Exhibition Records, 1976-2019

Creator:: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Programs/Curatorial Department Search this

Subject:: Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Programs Department Search this; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Curatorial Department Search this; Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Department of Public Programs/Curatorial Division Search this

Physical description:: 69 cu. ft. unprocessed holdings

Type:: Manuscripts; Floor plans; Color photographs; Black-and-white photographs; Brochures; Audiotapes; Color transparencies; Clippings; Compact discs; Exhibition catalogs; Picture postcards; Floppy disks; Electronic records; Digital versatile discs; Videotapes