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Yasuo Kuniyoshi letter to George Biddle

Creator:
Kuniyoshi, Yasuo, 1889-1953  Search this
Biddle, George, 1885-1973  Search this
Type:
Correspondence
Date:
1941 December 11
Citation:
Yasuo Kuniyoshi. Yasuo Kuniyoshi letter to George Biddle, 1941 December 11. Yasuo Kuniyoshi papers, 1906-2016. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Asian American artists  Search this
Japanese American artists  Search this
World War, 1939-1945  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA)503
See more items in:
Yasuo Kuniyoshi papers, 1906-2016, bulk 1920-1990
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_item_503
Online Media:

Chiura Obata papers, 1891-2000, bulk 1942-1945

Creator:
Obata, Chiura, 1885-1975  Search this
Subject:
Obata, Gyo  Search this
Okubo, Miné  Search this
Central Utah Relocation Center  Search this
Tanforan Assembly Center (San Bruno, Calif.)  Search this
Type:
Diaries
Sketchbooks
Drawings
Citation:
Chiura Obata papers, 1891-2000, bulk 1942-1945. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Asian American art  Search this
Asian American artists  Search this
Japanese American art  Search this
Japanese American artists  Search this
World War, 1939-1945 -- Japanese Americans  Search this
Asian American painters  Search this
Asian American educators  Search this
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945  Search this
Theme:
Asian American  Search this
Lives of artists  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)17607
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)397059
AAA_collcode_obatchiu
Theme:
Asian American
Lives of artists
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_397059
Online Media:

Photograph of Topaz War Relocation Center internees

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 8 in x 10 in; 20.32 cm x 25.4 cm
Object Name:
photograph
Date made:
1942-1945
Subject:
Japanese Americans  Search this
World War II  Search this
ID Number:
1979.1008.11
Catalog number:
1979.1008.11
Accession number:
1979.1008
See more items in:
Culture and the Arts: Entertainment
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng4d0bda837-09d0-4c9c-a357-b64b0c8b32a5
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_2033669

Photograph of Topaz War Relocation Center officials

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 10 in x 8 in; 25.4 cm x 20.32 cm
Object Name:
photograph
Date made:
1942-1945
Subject:
World War II  Search this
Japanese Americans  Search this
ID Number:
1979.1008.12
Catalog number:
1979.1008.12
Accession number:
1979.1008
See more items in:
Culture and the Arts: Entertainment
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng40c686f3c-91a2-45ef-aee6-023e3b842f05
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_2033671

Photograph of Topaz War Relocation Center internees

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 8 in x 10 in; 20.32 cm x 25.4 cm
Object Name:
photograph
Date made:
1942-1945
Subject:
World War II  Search this
Japanese Americans  Search this
ID Number:
1979.1008.13
Catalog number:
1979.1008.13
Accession number:
1979.1008
See more items in:
Culture and the Arts: Entertainment
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng4c9df9f09-3cf2-4fbe-9aa8-4f6bf49eaf4c
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_2033673

Photograph of Topaz War Relocation Center

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 8 in x 10 in; 20.32 cm x 25.4 cm
Object Name:
photograph
Date made:
1942-1945
Subject:
World War II  Search this
Japanese Americans  Search this
ID Number:
1979.1008.14
Catalog number:
1979.1008.14
Accession number:
1979.1008
See more items in:
Culture and the Arts: Entertainment
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng42f559132-ee77-4db0-9a93-dcd74ad4f5b2
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_2033675

Yasuo Kuniyoshi papers, 1906-2016, bulk 1920-1990

Creator:
Kuniyoshi, Yasuo, 1889-1953  Search this
Type:
Scrapbooks
Photographs
Citation:
Yasuo Kuniyoshi papers, 1906-2016, bulk 1920-1990. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Art, Modern -- 20th century  Search this
Asian American art  Search this
Asian American artists  Search this
Political clubs  Search this
World War, 1939-1945 -- Japanese Americans  Search this
Japanese American art  Search this
Japanese American artists  Search this
Asian American painters  Search this
Asian American printmakers  Search this
Asian American photographers  Search this
Theme:
Asian American  Search this
Sketches & Sketchbooks  Search this
Photography  Search this
Lives of artists  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)9175
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)211370
AAA_collcode_kuniyasu
Theme:
Asian American
Sketches & Sketchbooks
Photography
Lives of artists
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_211370
Online Media:

Kamekichi Tokita Papers, circa 1900-circa 2010, bulk 1900-1948

Creator:
Tokita, Kamekichi, 1897-1948  Search this
Subject:
Callahan, Kenneth  Search this
Tokita, Shokichi  Search this
Tokita, Elsie  Search this
Art Institute of Seattle  Search this
Seattle Art Museum  Search this
Hotel Cadillac (Seattle, Wash.)  Search this
Henry Art Gallery  Search this
Public Works of Art Project  Search this
Minidoka Relocation Center  Search this
Group of Twelve (Seattle, Wash.)  Search this
Type:
Photograph albums
Photographs
Sketches
Scrapbooks
Diaries
Citation:
Kamekichi Tokita Papers, circa 1900-circa 2010, bulk 1900-1948. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
World War, 1939-1945 -- Japanese Americans  Search this
Asian American art  Search this
Asian American artists  Search this
Japanese American art  Search this
Japanese American artists  Search this
Asian American painters  Search this
Art, American -- Northwestern States  Search this
Painting, Modern -- 20th century -- Washington (State) -- Seattle  Search this
Art, Modern -- 20th century -- Northwestern States  Search this
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945 -- Diaries  Search this
Theme:
Asian American  Search this
Lives of artists  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)10444
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213849
AAA_collcode_tokikame
Theme:
Asian American
Lives of artists
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_213849
Online Media:

The managed casualty; the Japanese-American family in World War II, by Leonard Broom and John I. Kitsuse

Title:
Japanese-American family in World War II
Author:
Broom, Leonard  Search this
Author:
Kitsuse, John I.  Search this
Physical description:
iv, 226 pages maps, diagrams 24 cm
Type:
Books
Place:
United States
Date:
1973
Topic:
Evacuation of civilians  Search this
Internment camps  Search this
Japanese  Search this
Families  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Evacuation of civilians  Search this
Concentration camps  Search this
Call number:
D769.8.A6 B76 1973
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_517602

Kamekichi Tokita Papers

Creator:
Tokita, Kamekichi  Search this
Names:
Art Institute of Seattle  Search this
Group of Twelve (Seattle, Wash.)  Search this
Henry Art Gallery  Search this
Hotel Cadillac (Seattle, Wash.)  Search this
Minidoka Relocation Center  Search this
Public Works of Art Project  Search this
Seattle Art Museum  Search this
Callahan, Kenneth, 1905-1986  Search this
Tokita, Elsie  Search this
Tokita, Shokichi  Search this
Extent:
1.5 Linear feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photograph albums
Photographs
Sketches
Scrapbooks
Diaries
Date:
circa 1900-circa 2010
bulk 1900-1948
Summary:
The personal papers of Seattle area painter Kamekichi Tokita (1897-1948) measure 1.5 linear feet and date from circa 1900 to circa 2010 with the bulk of the material dating from circa 1910 to 1948. The papers include biographical materials, including documents about the closing of the War Relocation Authority's Minidoka Camp in Idaho; correspondence; three diaries written in Japanese documenting Tokita's war time experiences and forced relocation to Minidoka, two earlier notebooks, also written in Japanese, and scattered notes; a few personal business records; printed materials; one scrapbook; sketches; and one family photograph album.
Scope and Contents:
The personal papers of Seattle area painter Kamekichi Tokita (1897-1948) measure 1.5 linear feet and date from circa 1900 to circa 2010 with the bulk of the material dating from circa 1910 to 1948. The papers include biographical materials, including documents about the closing of the War Relocation Authority's Minidoka Camp in Idaho; correspondence; three diaries written in Japanese documenting Tokita's war time experiences and forced relocation to Minidoka, two earlier notebooks, also written in Japanese, and scattered notes; a few personal business records; printed materials; one scrapbook; sketches; and one family photograph album.

Biographical materials include a file on the Public Works of Art Project, a file on the War Relocation Authority and the closing of the Minidoka incarceration camp, an immigration document, and an essay on Tokita written by Shokichi and Elsie Tokita.

Correspondence is primarily professional in nature and concerns exhibitions at the Seattle Museum of Art (previously the Art Institute of Seattle) and other topics. Correspondents include Kenneth Callahan, Henry Gallery, the Seattle Art Museum, and others.

Tokita's writings consist of three diaries, two notebooks, and scattered general writings, most of which are in Japanese. The diaries were kept during World War II and document the family's incarceration at the Minidoka Relocation Camp in Idaho. Included is a transcript of the diaries which were translated from prewar to modern Japanese by Haruo Takasugi and from modern Japanese to English by Naomi Kusunoki-Martin.

Scattered business records include a patent application, records from the Cadillac Hotel, and a claim filed through the Department of Justice. A few published books in English and Japanese are about art and religion. Also found are exhibition catalogs for shows in which Tokita participated and clippings. There is one mixed media scrapbook about Tokita's exhibitions.

Artwork consists of unsigned pencil and watercolor sketches by Tokita. There is also a family photo album containing snapshots and portraits of the Tokita family and friends.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged as 8 series:

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1934-1985 (Box 1; 5 folders)

Series 2: Correspondence, circa 1920-1944 (Box 1; 8 folders)

Series 3: Diaries and Writings, 1923-circa 1950 (Box 1; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 4: Personal Business Records, 1928-1950 (Box 1; 3 folders)

Series 5: Printed Material, circa 1910-1940 (Box 1-3; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 6: Scrapbook, 1929-1933 (Box 2-3; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 7: Artwork, circa 1910-1940s (Box 2-3; 0.1 linear feet)

Series 8: Photograph Album, circa 1900-1930 (Box 2; 0.2 linear feet)
Biographical / Historical:
Kamekichi Tokita (1897-1948) was a Japanese American painter and businessman who emigrated from Japan in 1919 and settled in Seattle, Washington. Tokita was a member of the Seattle area progressive artists' collective known as the "Group of Twelve" and widely exhibited his artwork throughout the Pacific Northwest.

Kamekichi Tokita was born in Shizouka City, Japan and immigrated to the United States at the age of twenty-two. He settled in the Japantown neighborhood of Seattle, Washington where he opened the Noto Sign Company with business partner Kenjiro Nomura. Nomura was also an artist and encouraged Tokita's interest in oil painting. They both used the sign shop as their studio after-hours. In 1936, the Noto Sign Company closed and Tokita took over management of the Cadillac Hotel, although he continued to paint commercial signs. Tokita married Haruko Suzuki in 1932 and together they had eight children.

As a child in Japan, Tokita studied calligraphy in China. Although he attended a few art school classes in in the U.S. and went on weekend painting trips with Nomura and other Seattle artists, Tokita is considered to be a largely self-trained artist. Support and recognition came from Dorothy V. Morrison of the Henry Gallery at the University of Washington who wrote to Tokita to inquire whether a "group of Japanese artists in the city" would be interested in exhibiting their work. Although the exhibition of Japanese artists did not happen, Tokita later loaned paintings to the gallery for inclusion in an exhibition sponsored by the American Federation of Arts. Throughout the late 1920s and 1930s Tokita exhibited widely in the Seattle area. In 1935, the Seattle Daily Times touted the work of Tokita and other painters in the "Group of Twelve" that also included Morris Graves, Kenneth Callahan, Walter F. Isaacs, and Ambrose and Viola Patterson, among others. In 1942, after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Kamekichi Tokita and his family (five children at the time), along with the approximately 120,000 Japanese and Japanese American citizens living on the West Coast, were ordered under President Franklin Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 to be forcibly removed to one of several incarceration camps. For the first six months of their imprisonment, the family lived at a temporary Civilian Assembly Center in Puyallup, Washington. They were transferred to the Minidoka Relocation Camp in Hunt, Idaho where they remained until their release in 1945. While incarcerated in Minidoka, Tokita worked as a sign painter and continued to privately paint, using whatever materials he could find, including beaver board. His work was featured in art shows at the camp. Many of his camp scenes are now lost or were given away.

At the end of World War II, Tokita and his family (now seven children) moved back to the Seattle-area. Unable to find housing, the Tokitas lived at a Japanese language school until Tokita was able to re-establish his business. During this period he painted very little. In 1946 Tokita and his wife purchased the New Lucky Hotel in the Chinatown area of Seattle. Shortly thereafter, Tokita fell ill and died in 1948. Many of his works are believed to have been destroyed or lost. Some of his work remains, however, and is among the permanent collections of the Seattle Art Museum, the Tacoma Art Museum, the Portland Art Museum.

Note: Much of this biographical note was taken from "A Biographical Resume" written by Shokichi and Elsie Y. Tokita.
Separated Materials:
A watercolor painting on paper by Kamekichi Tokita, Untitled (Still Life), 9 x 12 in. was transferred to the Smithsonian American Art Museum in 2012.
Provenance:
The Kamekichi Tokita papers were donated by his son, Shokichi Tokita in 1990. He donated a third and final diary in 2017. They were collected as part of the Archives of American Art Northwest Asian American project in Seattle, Washington.
Restrictions:
This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center.
Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Occupation:
Painters -- Washington (State) -- Seattle  Search this
Topic:
World War, 1939-1945 -- Japanese Americans  Search this
Asian American art  Search this
Asian American artists  Search this
Japanese American art  Search this
Japanese American artists  Search this
Asian American painters  Search this
Art, American -- Northwestern States  Search this
Painting, Modern -- 20th century -- Washington (State) -- Seattle  Search this
Art, Modern -- 20th century -- Northwestern States  Search this
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945 -- Diaries  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photograph albums
Photographs
Sketches
Scrapbooks
Diaries
Citation:
Kamekichi Tokita papers, circa 1900-circa 2010, bulk circa 1910-1948. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
AAA.tokikame
See more items in:
Kamekichi Tokita Papers
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9a680d2f9-94bf-4350-9f34-69068917ef42
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aaa-tokikame
Online Media:

Japanese American incarceration the camps and coerced labor during World War II Stephanie Hinnershitz

Author:
Hinnershitz, Stephanie 1984-  Search this
Physical description:
1 online resource (309 pages) illustrations, map
Type:
Electronic resources
History
Place:
United States
États-Unis
Date:
2021
20th century
20e siècle
Topic:
Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps  Search this
Forced labor--History  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Conscript labor  Search this
Américains d'origine japonaise--Relogement et internement forcés, 1942-1945  Search this
Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945--Camps d'internement  Search this
Travail forcé--Histoire  Search this
Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945--Travail obligatoire  Search this
HISTORY / United States / 20th Century  Search this
Concentration camps  Search this
Forced labor  Search this
Japanese Americans  Search this
Asian American history  Search this
Coerced labor  Search this
Internment camps  Search this
Japanese American Resettlement  Search this
Japanese internment during WWII  Search this
Labor history  Search this
Poston Colony  Search this
Public policy  Search this
War Relocation Authority  Search this
Call number:
D769.8.A6 H56 2021 (Internet)
Restrictions & Rights:
1-user
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162034

Lawyer, jailer, ally, foe complicity and conscience in America's World War II concentration camps Eric L. Muller

Author:
Muller, Eric L  Search this
Subject:
United States War Relocation Authority Officials and employees  Search this
Physical description:
1 online resource
Type:
Electronic resources
History
Place:
United States
Date:
2023
20th century
Topic:
Government attorneys--History  Search this
Government attorneys--Psychology  Search this
Japanese Americans--Forced removal and internment, 1942-1945  Search this
Japanese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc--History  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Concentration camps  Search this
Role conflict  Search this
Japanese Americans--Legal status, laws, etc  Search this
Internment camps  Search this
Government attorneys  Search this
Employees  Search this
HISTORY / United States / 20th Century  Search this
Call number:
D769.8.A6 M86 2023 (Internet)
Restrictions & Rights:
Unlimited users
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1162035

Divisions a new history of racism and resistance in America's World War II military Thomas A. Guglielmo

Title:
New history of racism and resistance in America's World War II military
Author:
Guglielmo, Thomas A  Search this
Physical description:
xiv, 509 pages illustrations 25 cm
Type:
Books
History
Place:
United States
États-Unis
Date:
2021
20th century
20e siècle
Topic:
World War, 1939-1945--Participation, African American  Search this
Discrimination in the military--History  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Social aspects  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Participation, Hispanic American  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Participation, Indian  Search this
World War, 1939-1945--Participation, Asian American  Search this
Guerre mondiale, 1939-1945--Aspect social  Search this
HISTORY / Military / World War II  Search this
HISTORY / African American & Black  Search this
HISTORY / Indigenous Peoples of the Americas  Search this
Armed Forces--African Americans  Search this
Discrimination in the military  Search this
Military participation--African American  Search this
Military participation--Indian  Search this
Social aspects  Search this
Armed Forces  Search this
African Americans  Search this
History  Search this
Indian  Search this
Hispanic Americans  Search this
Asian Americans  Search this
Forces armées  Search this
Noirs américains  Search this
Histoire  Search this
Data Source:
Smithsonian Libraries
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_sil_1159185

National Japanese American Memorial, (sculpture)

Title:
Japanese Crane Monument, (sculpture)
Memorial to Japanese-American Patriotism in World War II, (sculpture)
Designer:
Buckley, Davis  Search this
Sculptor:
Akamu, Nina 1955-  Search this
Medium:
Crane: metal; Base: green Vermont marble
Culture:
Japanese  Search this
Type:
Sculptures-Outdoor Sculpture
Sculptures
Owner/Location:
Located Louisiana & D Streets, N.W Washington District of Columbia
Date:
Authorized Oct. 24, 1992. Dedicated Nov. 9, 2000
Topic:
History--United States--World War II  Search this
Ethnic  Search this
Animal--Bird--Crane  Search this
State of Being--Other--Imprisonment  Search this
Control number:
IAS 71500500
Data Source:
Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:siris_ari_351342

Japanese American Documentary Collection

Creator:
Tanaka, Peter, Dr.  Search this
Tsukamoto, Mary  Search this
McGovern, Melvin  Search this
Nitta, Eugene T.  Search this
Ishimoto, Norman  Search this
Names:
Japanese Americans Citizens League  Search this
Emi, Frank  Search this
Hashimoto, M.  Search this
Kamikawa, Juichi  Search this
Kamikawa, Kazu, Mrs.  Search this
Kawashiri  Search this
Kihari, Shigeya  Search this
Matsumoto  Search this
Miyake, Takashi  Search this
Oliver, Floyd A.  Search this
Ozamoto, T.  Search this
Vogel, Mabel Rose  Search this
Wakabayashi, Ron  Search this
Former owner:
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Armed Forces  Search this
Extent:
1 Cubic foot (3 boxes and 1 oversized folder)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Typescripts
Passports
Albums
Books
Cartoons (humorous images)
Christmas cards
Comic books
Newsletters
Panoramas
Personal papers
Photograph albums
Photographs
Posters
Ration books
Scrapbooks
Telegrams
Place:
Minidoka
Manzanar
Idaho
Amache (Calif.)
California -- 1940-1950
Date:
1900s-1993
Scope and Contents:
The collection is an assortment of souvenirs and memorabilia, which have survived the years since World War II. Many of them, Christmas cards, high school graduation programs, notes to friends, snapshots, and photographic prints in the form of dance programs reflect the interests and concerns of all teenagers. There are camp newsletters and Japanese passports, identification cards, ration books, meal passes, posters; a photograph album contains both family photographs and a record of achievements of members of the Kamikawa family. There is a transcript of a taped interview with Mrs. Kamikawa, who was nearly 90 in February 1982, the time of the interview. A book, Lone Heart Mountain by Estelle Ishigo, portrays in text and sketches life in the relocation centers.

The collection has been filed under the name of each donor rather than by subject such as passports, newsletters, photographs. With very few exceptions the material is in good condition. The historical sketch of the Matsumoto family tree in the photograph album is badly damaged.
Arrangement:
1 series, arranged alphabetically by donor.
Biographical / Historical:
On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and the United States went to war. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 authorizing the military to exclude "any and all persons" from designated areas of the United States to protect the national defense. Thus, without the imposition of martial law, the military were given authority over the civilian population.

Under this order, nearly 120,000 men, women and children of Japanese ancestry, nearly two thirds of who were United States citizens, were forced out of their homes and into detention camps in isolated areas of the west. Many of them spent the years of the war living under armed guards, and behind barbed wire. Children spent their school days in the camps, young men left to volunteer or be drafted for military service. The War Relocation Authority administered the camps.

This collection of documentary materials relates to the involuntary relocation of Japanese Americans was collected by the Division of Armed Forces History in connection with the exhibit A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution at the National Museum of American History in 1988. The donors either were members of the Japanese American Citizens League or reached through the League. Interesting and revealing information is available about a few of the donors. They were primarily teenagers or young adults at the time of the relocation and the materials in the collection reflect their interests and concerns. Juichi Kamikawa, who had completed a year of college in Fresno, California, graduated from the Corcoran School of Art in Washington, D.C. after the war and became a respected artist. His family record is one of distinction in both Japan and the United States for several generations. Masuichi Kamikawa, his father, received the Order of the Sacred Treasure from the Japanese Emperor for outstanding contributions to the cultural heritage of Japan. Among achievements cited were his work in merchandizing and banking in Fresno, California. Mary Tsukamoto is one of the contributors to the video conversations in the exhibit. She is a retired teacher who was 27 years old in 1942 and a long time resident of Florin, California. Along with her entire family, she was sent to the center at Jerome, Arkansas. Mabel Rose Vogel taught high school at one of the camps, Rowher Center, Arkansas.
Related Materials:
The Division of Armed Forces History (now Division of Political and Military History) will have additional documents collected for the exhibit, A More Perfect Union, described above, that may be useful. Another collection on this topic in the Archives Center is collection #450, the Gerald Lampoley Collection of Japanese American Letters, 1942 1943, a collection of six letters written by Japanese Americans to their former teacher. Researchers may also refer to the records of the War Relocation Authority, Record Group 210, or those of the United States Commands, 1947 , Record Group 338, in the National Archives. Further, the National Headquarters of the Japanese American Citizens League in San Francisco, California, and the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California, maintain related collections.
Provenance:
Donated by a number of Japanese Americans, many of whom are members of the Japanese American Citizens League, headquartered in San Francisco. This material was acquired for inclusion in the exhibition, A More Perfect Union, described above, but was not placed on display for one reason or another. In certain instances, items in this collection were omitted from the exhibit if they were considered too fragile or too sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. It is possible that related items, currently on display, ultimately will be transferred to the Archives Center; if this occurs, it would be useful to distinguish between the two groups of exhibited and undisplayed materials. Transferred from the Division of Armed Forces History, June 1988.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Collection located at off-site storage area.

Viewing film portion of collection requires special appointment, please inquire; listening to LP recordings only possible by special arrangement. Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Military history, Modern  Search this
Concentration camps -- 1942-1945 -- United States  Search this
World War, 1939-1945  Search this
Genre/Form:
Typescripts -- 1940-1950
Passports
Albums -- 1940-1950
Books
Cartoons (humorous images) -- 20th century
Christmas cards
Comic books
Newsletters -- 1940-1950
Panoramas
Personal papers -- 1940-1950
Photograph albums -- 1940-1950
Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1940-1950
Posters -- 1940-1960
Ration books
Scrapbooks -- 1900-1950
Telegrams -- 1940-1950
Citation:
Japanese American Documentary Collection, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0305
See more items in:
Japanese American Documentary Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8673e758f-a7ad-4aef-9bb3-f18a66dfd07a
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0305
Online Media:

Gerald Lamboley Collection of Japanese-American Letters

Creator:
Sato, Sanji (student)  Search this
Satow, R. (student)  Search this
Satow, Susama Paul (student)  Search this
Lamboley, E. Gerald  Search this
Sato, Kiyo (student)  Search this
Komata, Tomi (student)  Search this
Names:
Edward Kelley School (Sacramento (Cal.))  Search this
Pinedale Assembly Camp.  Search this
Poston Relocation Camp  Search this
War Relocation Authority  Search this
Cox, Mary Aline, 1890-1972 (teacher)  Search this
Extent:
0.12 Cubic feet (1 folder, 6 letters)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Correspondence
Biographies
Typescripts
Transcripts
Place:
Sacramento (Calif.) -- Correspondence -- 1940-1950
Poston (Ariz.) -- Correspondence -- 1940-1950
Pinedale (Calif.) -- Correspondence -- 1940-1950
Date:
1942-1943
Summary:
Letters from students of Japanese-American ancestry to Miss Cox, their former teacher at the Edward Kelley School in Sacramento, California. This teacher has been identified as Mary Aline Cox by Ms. Colleen Zoller, January 13, 2009.
Scope and Contents:
This collection contains six letters dated 1942 1943 from former students of Japanese American ancestry to Miss Cox, a teacher at the Edward Kelley School in Sacramento, California. Three letters were written from inside a camp, while the others were written from outside of camp. The letters are arranged chronologically. Sanji Sato, a young male not yet out of high school, penned both Letters 1 and 3. The first dated June 12, 1942 was written from Pinedale "A.C." [Assembly Center]. This letter contains a brief description of the center, one of many used to keep internees until the ten more permanent camps were prepared to receive them, and its physical surroundings, as well a mention of the medical examination and vaccinations the evacuees underwent.

Letter 3, more lengthy in nature, covers the dates January 1, 1943, to March 6, 1943. Sent from Poston, Arizona (location of the largest relocation camp), Sato indicated the block and barrack numbers of his lodgings. The camp is defined by the arid surroundings, temperature, flora and fauna, and natural landmarks; its

inhabitants are defined by their New Year's Exhibition and Boy Scout Troops. Pertinent to the historian are Sato's opinion of the "loyalty" forms, why Japanese Americans should fight in World War II, and the behavior of other Poston residents. Also of interest are his personal discussions of his former life on the farm, his passion for the American flag, and remembrance of his dog.

Letter 2 was written by a student identified as "Kiyo" on December 26, 1942, in Garrett, Indiana while on vacation from college (later identified as Ms. Kiyo Sato). A former internee at Poston Relocation Center, she wrote of her reaction to school and dorm life, as well as her reaction, as a person of Japanese ancestry, to a Midwestern town. She expressed hope of ending any misconceptions and of the evacuees returning home "in one piece." Letter 4 is signed "R. Satow and family" and dated April 19, 1943. A year after leaving the relocation center, the writer, having reached Keenesburg, Colorado, thanks Miss Cox for her assistance. The writer's surroundings are reported in addition to updates on other former internees' activities.

The Poston Relocation Center was also the home of Susuma Paul Satow, writer of Letter 5. Satow diplayed the belief that his volunteering in the army benefited the government and reflected well on Japanese Americans. Another topic discussed the regret that some "No No Boys" experienced and Satow's personal lack of empathy for them. The writer voiced concern about anti Japanese American discrimination in Sacramento, and, thus, his hesitancy to return.

Letter 6, from Tomi Komata, was undated and meant to inform Miss Cox of his life in college (possibly Downer College). "Released and happy," Komata announced the lack of expected discrimination and the racial tension that did exist, as well as his scorn of those in camp who listened to rumors of prejudice. Mentions of the WRA and how internees should be more willing to embrace its programs are included.
Arrangement:
1 series. Not arranged.
Biographical / Historical:
On February 19, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 to bar "any and all persons" from certain sections of the United States for purposes of national defense. A reaction to the "yellow peril" "demonstrated" by the attack on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941, the Executive Order would mean that all Japanese immigrants and Americans of Japanese ancestry would be required to "evacuate" the West Coast of the United States. By the end of this policy in 1946, over 120,000 men, women, and children had been forcefully relocated to various types of internment camps.

Not only had the possessions and lives of these people been disrupted, their privacy and Constitutional rights were ignored as the government thoroughly investigated their lives, looking for any signs of disloyalty to America. Early in 1943, tests were made of their "loyalty" as they were asked to forswear allegiance to the emperor of Japan, swear allegiance to the United States, and volunteer for military service.

Through programs established by the War Relocation Authority (WRA), internees were permitted to leave the camps permanently, provided they had a job or attended a college or university and passed additional government investigations. By 1943, 17,000 people had left the camps in this manner. Others left by joining the military. By 1946, the last permanent camp was dismantled.
Materials in Other Organizations:
Materials at Other organizations

War Relocation Authority, Record Group 210, or those of the United States Commands, 1947 , Record Group 338, National Archives and records Administration

National Headquarters of the Japanese American Citizens League in San Francisco, California

Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California
Materials in the Archives Center, National Museum of American History:
Japanese American Documentary Collection, 1905-1945 (AC0305)
Provenance:
Collection donated by E. Gerald Lamboley, June 2, 1992.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Usage or copyright restrictions. Contact repository for further information.
Topic:
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945  Search this
Incarcerees -- Japanese Americans -- 1940-1950  Search this
Concentration camps -- United States  Search this
World War, 1939-1945 -- Japanese Americans  Search this
World War, 1939-1945 -- Evacuation of civilians  Search this
Teachers -- 1940-1950  Search this
Students -- 1940-1950  Search this
Genre/Form:
Correspondence -- 1940-1950
Biographies
Typescripts -- 1940-1950
Transcripts
Citation:
Gerald Lamboley Collection of Japanese-American Letters, 1942-1943, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0450
See more items in:
Gerald Lamboley Collection of Japanese-American Letters
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8d2d7d897-1aec-4cea-abc1-1d59bbf0fce3
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0450
Online Media:

Birth certificate, Carolyn Shimomura born on July 15, 1943, Minidoka Project Hospital

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
ink (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 8 1/2 in x 11 in; 21.59 cm x 27.94 cm
Object Name:
birth certificate
Place made:
United States: Idaho, Minidoka
Associated Place:
United States: Washington, King
Japan: Nagasaki, Nagasaki
Date made:
July 15, 1943
Subject:
World War II  Search this
Japanese Americans  Search this
Related event:
World War II  Search this
Japanese American Internment  Search this
Credit Line:
Gift of Roger Shimomura
ID Number:
2016.3086.200
Nonaccession number:
2016.3086
Catalog number:
2016.3086.200
See more items in:
Political and Military History: Armed Forces History, Japanese American
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-dd86-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1812232
Online Media:

Photograph of Family in Vegetable Market

Physical Description:
paper (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 5 in x 7 in; 12.7 cm x 17.78 cm
Object Name:
Photograph
photograph
Date made:
unknown
Subject:
World War II  Search this
Credit Line:
gift of Ron Mori
ID Number:
2016.0184.11
Accession number:
2016.0184
Catalog number:
2016.0184.11
See more items in:
Political and Military History: Armed Forces History, Japanese American
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ae-75b1-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1813971

[Scene in J.S. Aoki Family barracks, Utah : sketch.]

Collector:
Kamikawa, Juichi  Search this
Artist:
Stonedenide, Ella, Mrs.  Search this
Names:
Aoki, J.S.  Search this
Collection Creator:
Tanaka, Peter, Dr.  Search this
Tsukamoto, Mary  Search this
McGovern, Melvin  Search this
Nitta, Eugene T.  Search this
Ishimoto, Norman  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (ink on paper., 2.2" x 3.4".)
Container:
Box 1, Folder 2
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings
Sketches
Place:
Topas (Utah)
Utah
Date:
1944
Scope and Contents:
Sketch by Mrs. Ella Stondenide: Aoki Family performing daily activities in the internment camp, Topaz, Utah, 1944.
Local Numbers:
AC0305-0000002 (AC Scan)
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Collection located at off-site storage area.

Viewing film portion of collection requires special appointment, please inquire; listening to LP recordings only possible by special arrangement. Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Concentration camps -- United States  Search this
World War, 1939-1945  Search this
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945  Search this
Genre/Form:
Drawings -- 1940-1950
Sketches -- 1940-2000
Collection Citation:
Japanese American Documentary Collection, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Japanese American Documentary Collection
Japanese American Documentary Collection / Endo, Takako Tsuchiya
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e420b1af-7bc6-487c-9495-b5d873565ff0
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0305-ref29
Online Media:

[Vargettes: photographs, tickets, drawings [scrapbook page]

Collector:
Kamikawa, Juichi  Search this
Collection Creator:
Tanaka, Peter, Dr.  Search this
Tsukamoto, Mary  Search this
McGovern, Melvin  Search this
Nitta, Eugene T.  Search this
Ishimoto, Norman  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (Photographic prints: Silver gelatin on paper.; Drawings: Paint on paper, 14" x 9.8".)
Container:
Box 1, Folder 11
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Tickets
Date:
circa 1943
Scope and Contents:
Scrapbook page of Juichi and Mrs. Kasu Kamikawa, containing a collage of images, tickets and an article about Vargettes, a play. The photographs depict preparations for the play.
Local Numbers:
AC0305-0000008 (AC Scan)
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Collection located at off-site storage area.

Viewing film portion of collection requires special appointment, please inquire; listening to LP recordings only possible by special arrangement. Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Plays  Search this
Concentration camps -- United States  Search this
World War, 1939-1945  Search this
Performing arts  Search this
Japanese Americans -- Forced removal and internment -- 1942-1945  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1940-1950 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Tickets
Collection Citation:
Japanese American Documentary Collection, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Japanese American Documentary Collection
Japanese American Documentary Collection / Kamikawa, Juichi and Mrs. Kazu
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87f83aff7-6567-40f0-ba1d-9abc9be0ea18
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0305-ref45
Online Media:

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