Search results for: +World War, 1939-1945 + Blacks, page 1 | Collections Search Center, Smithsonian Institution

1,023 documents - page 1 of 52

No Image Available

Army Air Force jumpsuit worn by Frederick E. White

Used by:: Frederick E. White, Jr., American, 1911 - 1991 Search this

Manufactured by:: Cleveland Overall Company, American, 1915 - 1961 Search this

Medium:: cotton (textile) , metal , leather and thread

Dimensions:: H x W (Flat): 62 × 18 in. (157.5 × 45.7 cm)

Type:: jump suits

Place used:: Tuskegee, Macon County, Alabama, United States, North and Central America

Date:: 1942 - 1947

Topic:: African American Search this; Clothing and dress Search this; Military Search this; Tuskegee Airmen Search this; World War II Search this

Credit Line:: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Vivian Gilliam in memory of Stu Gilliam

Object number:: 2014.178.14

Restrictions & Rights:: No Known Copyright Restrictions; Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:: Clothing-Historical

Data Source:: National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5a19b38c9-d193-4e46-b4f4-c17b77cb5da6

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmaahc_2014.178.14

Jon and Jennifer Hanson Watch and Clock Collection

Extent:: 27 Cubic feet (35 boxes, 1 map folder)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Account books; Annual reports; Advertising; Blueprints; Business records; Photographs; Picture postcards; Price lists

Date:: circa 1826-2009

Summary:: Photos and photo negatives, correspondence, newspaper and magazine articles, and other printed material documenting the interior operations, products, and horological research relating to watch companies and watchmaking in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Scope and Contents:: The initial collection consists of approximately 760 photographs and negatives created by the Hamilton Watch Company and documenting its employees, equipment, materials, and factory in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. Many photographs depict the company's research and development efforts. There are also images of the Hamilton Watch Company's work in fuse assembly for bombs during WWII. The photographs are mainly organized by factory department or location. A number of these photographs were created by the advertising department and include identification numbers, location of the image, name of the photographer, and the identification of people in the photograph, as well as release forms for those pictured. If not located with the photographs, these items, as well as additional information, can be found in the corresponding folders. Negatives in poor condition were scanned. There are also five glass plate negatives.

Following addenda consist primarily of advertising material related to material catalogs and newspaper and magazine articles published by watch companies in the 19th and 20th centuries. Included in the addenda are photographs, correspondence, articles, and other material documenting the interior operations, products, and horological research relating to the Hamilton Watch Company, Bowman Technical School, Keystone Watch Case Company, Elgin National Watch Company, United States Watch Company, Waltham Watch Company, and other prominent watch manufacturers primarily in the 20th century.

Arrangement:: The collection is arranged into seven series.

Series 1: Photographic Prints and Negatives, 1931-1954, undated

Series 2: 2009 Addenda, 1930-1969

Series 3: 2010 Addenda, circa 1826-1985

Series 4: 2016.3007 Addenda, circa 1885-2009

Series 5: 2016.3197 Addenda, circa 1870s-1970s

Series 6: 2014 Addenda, circa 1866-1981

Series 7: 2017 Addenda, circa 1850s-1998

Biographical / Historical:: Hamilton Watch Company, established in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1892, was known for its manufacture of high quality wrist and pocket watches. Broadway Limited, its first series of pocket watches, was nicknamed "the watch of railroad accuracy," and Hamilton soon became associated with the railroad industry. The company also supplied wristwatches to the United States Armed Forces in the 1910s. Hamilton continued its association with the military during World War II when it stopped production of watches for consumers in order to provide the armed forces with one million timepieces. The company was responsible for the Ventura, the world's first electric (battery-powered) watch, and in 1970, the world's first digital watch.

In 1969, Hamilton closed its factory in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, signaling the end of its American manufacturing operations. All production moved to the facilities of the Buren Watch Company in Switzerland, a company that Hamilton had acquired three years before. The Hamilton brand is currently owned by the Swatch Group and carries two product lines, American Classic and Khaki.

Related Materials:: Materials in the Archives Center

E. Howard Clock Company Records (NMAH.AC.0776)

Seth Thomas Clock Company Records (NMAH.AC.0627)

James Arthur Clock and Watch Collection (NMAH.AC.0130)

National Company (NATCO) Atomic Clocks Records (NMAH.AC.0547)

Harold Lyons Atomic Clocks Collection (NMAH.AC.0701)

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Series: Watchworks and Clockworks (NMAH.AC.0060)

Josephus Gill Ledger (NMAH.AC.1573)

Andrew Chi Atomic Clocks Collection (NMAH.AC.1264)

Richard Bond Clock Escapement Video Documentation: Videotapes (NMAH.AC.0682)

Illinois Springfield Watch Company Record Book (NMAH.AC.1145)

Harold Lyons Atomic Clocks Collection (NMAH.AC.0701)

Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 14: Calendar, Time and Weather (NMAH.AC.0300.S14)

James Knight Co. Records (NMAH.AC.0847)

Jacob Rabinow Papers (NMAH.AC.0403)

Materials in the Division of Work & Industry

See accessions: 2010.0243.03; 2012.0266; 2014.0023; 2015.0030.011; 2016.0026; 2016.0381; 2017.0337.

Provenance:: The donor, Jon Hanson, purchased the photographs and negatives from Hamilton Watch Company (Series 1) in 1969 when Hamilton closed its Lancaster plant; they were later sold by his estate. Hanson donated these materials to the Archives Center in 2008.

Restrictions:: The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Assembly-line methods Search this; Bombs Search this; Chronometers Search this; Clocks and watches Search this; Factories -- Pennsylvania Search this; Fuses Search this; Horology Search this; Manufacturing processes Search this; World War, 1939-1945 -- Industries Search this

Genre/Form:: Account books -- 20th century; Annual reports; Advertising; Blueprints; Business records; Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1940-1950; Picture postcards; Price lists

Citation:: Jon and Jennifer Hanson Watch and Clock Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.1122

See more items in:: Jon and Jennifer Hanson Watch and Clock Collection

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8805d25cd-3c95-4c8b-9e57-5d23aad429a2

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1122

Online Media:

Edward J. Orth Memorial Archives of the New York World's Fair

Collector:: Orth, Edward J. Search this; Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization Search this

Names:: New York World's Fair (1939-1940 : New York, N.Y.) Search this

Extent:: 130 Cubic feet (417 boxes, 25 map-folders)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Souvenirs; Photographs; Pamphlets; Guidebooks; Exhibition posters--1930-1940; Diaries; Ephemera; Film transparencies; Motion picture film; Posters

Place:: Flushing Meadows Park (New York, N.Y.); New York (N.Y.)

Date:: 1835-2000, undated

Summary:: Collection documents the 1939 New York World's Fair in Flushing Meadows, New York. Also includes material relating to other fairs, the Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization (ECHO), New York City tourism and The Walt Disney Company.

Scope and Contents:: Collection primarily documents the conception, planning, construction, management, and operations of the 1939 New York World's Fair located in Flushing Meadows, New York. Materials provide historical context and cultural significance as recorded in publications, artwork, photographs, ephemera, postcards, maps, plans, exhibitor's literature, souvenirs, and motion picture film. Most of the materials were primarily created for people who attended the fair. Some of the materials include scrapbooks created by fair visitors to document their experiences. There is a significant amount of material relating to other fairs, New York tourism, the Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization (ECHO) and the World's Fair Collector's Society. Other forms of entertainment such as festivals, the Olympic games, and Disney World are also found among these materials. There is little information relating to Edward Orth's personal and professional life as a city planner. The collection is arranged into eleven series.

Arrangement:: The collection is arranged into eleven series.

Series 1, Edward J. Orth Personal Papers, 1915-1989, undated

Subseries 1.1, Correspondence, 1939-1989

Subseries 1.2, Other Materials, 1915-1989, undated

Series 2, Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization (ECHO) and World's Fair Collector's Society, Incorporated Records, 1942-1990, undated

Subseries 2.1, General Information, 1960-1988, undated

Subseries 2.2, Correspondence, 1942-1990, undated

Subseries 2.3, Classified and Wanted Advertisements, 1956-1988, undated

Subseries 2.4, Financial Records, 1976-1989

Subseries 2.5, Newsletters, 1969-1988, undated

Subseries 2.6, Membership Materials, 1970s-1989, undated

Series 3, New York World's Fair, Incorporated Records, 1900-1988, undated

Subseries 3.1, Administrative Files, 1900-1977, undated

Subseries 3.2, Amusement Zone, 1937-1940, undated

Subseries 3.3, Communications and Business Systems Zone, 1939-1965, undated

Subseries 3.4, Community Interest Zone, 1939-1949, undated

Subseries 3.5, Food Zone, 1939-1975

Subseries 3.6, Government Zone, 1939-1940

Subseries 3.7, Production and Distribution Zone, 1939-1940

Subseries 3.8, Transportation Zone, 1939-1940

Subseries 3.9, Ephemera, 1938-1988, undated

Series 4, Photographic Materials, 1939-1968, undated

Subseries 4.1, General, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.2, Amusement Area, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.3, Business Systems Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.4, Communications Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.5, Community Interest Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.6, Food Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.7, Government Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.8, Production and Distribution Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.9, Transportation Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.10, Miscellaneous, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.11, Oversize Photographs, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.12, Color Slides, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 4.13, Color Transparencies, 1940-1942, undated

Subseries 4.14, Edward Orth, 1967-1968

Series 5, Scrapbooks, 1938-1981

Series 6, Postcards, 1906-1985, undated

Subseries 6.1, Amusement Area, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.2, Business Systems Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.3, Communications Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.4, Community Interest Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.5, Food Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.6, Government Zone, International, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.7, Government Zone, Federal and States, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.8, Production and Distribution Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.9, Transportation Zone, 1939-1940, undated

Subseries 6.10, General, 1940, undated

Subseries 6.11, By Type, 1906-1985, undated

Series 7, Publications Related to World's Fairs, 1922-1989, undated

Subseries 7.1, Magazines, 1922-1988, undated

Subseries 7.2, Newspaper Articles, 1935-1989, undated

Subseries 7.3, Other Publications, 1937-1989, undated

Subseries 7.4, Other Subjects, 1962-1989

Series 8, Materials Relating to Other Fairs, 1851-2000, undated

Subseries 8.1, Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of All Nations or Crystal Palace Exhibition, 1851

Subseries 8.2, Exhibition of the Industry of All Nations, 1853-1853

Subseries 8.3, International Exhibition of Arts, Manufactures, and Products of the Soil and Mine or Centennial International Exhibition, 1876

Subseries 8.4, World's Columbian Exposition or Chicago World's Fair, 1893

Subseries 8.5, Exposition Internationale D'Anvers, Antwerp, Belgium

Subseries 8.6, Tennessee Centennial and International Exposition, 1897

Subseries 8.7, Trans-Mississippi and International Exposition, 1898

Subseries 8.8, Expositions, 1901

Subseries 8.9, Louisiana Purchase Exposition, 1906

Subseries 8.10, Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition, 1907

Subseries 8.11, Alaska, Yukon, Pacific Exposition, 1909

Subseries 8.12, Panama-California Exposition, 1915-1916

Subseries 8.13, Bronx International Exposition of Science, Arts, and Industries, 1918

Subseries 8.14, Sesquicentennial Exposition, 1926

Subseries 8.15, Barcelona International Exposition, 1929

Subseries 8.16, L'Exposition Coloniale, Paris, 1931

Subseries 8.17, Olympics, 1932

Subseries 8.18, A Century of Progress International Exposition, 1933

Subseries 8.19, Expositions, 1933-1935

Subseries 8.20, Expositions, 1936-1937

Subseries 8.21, Exposition Internationale des Arts et Techniques dans la Vie Moderne, 1937

Subseries 8.22, Golden Gate International Exposition, 1939

Subseries 8.23, Festival of Britain, Britain, London, United Kingdom, 1951

Subseries 8.24, Milan Fair, 1955

Subseries 8.25, Exposition Universelle et venti Internationale de Bruxelles, 1958

Subseries 8.26, American National Exhibition, 1959

Subseries 8.27, New York's World Fair, 1961-1977, undated

Subseries 8.28, Century 21 Exhibition, 1961-1962

Subseries 8.29, International and Universal Exposition or Expo 67, 1967

Subseries 8.30, Long Beach, California, 1967-1968

Subseries 8.31, HemisFair 68, 1968

Subseries 8.32, Expo 70 or Japan World Exposition, 1970

Subseries 8.33, Expo 74 or International Exposition on the Environment

Subseries 8.34, Expo 75 or International Ocean Exposition, 1975

Subseries 8.35, American Revolution Bicentennial, 1776-1976, 1976

Subseries 8.36, Queen's Bicentennial Festival, 1975-1976

Subseries 8.37, Plovdiv International Exhibition of 1981 or Expo 81

Subseries 8.38, Kobe Port Island Exposition or Portopia 81, 1981

Subseries 8.39, Knoxville International Energy Exposition or 1982 World's Fair, 1982

Subseries 8.40, Louisiana World Exposition, 1984

Subseries 8.41, Games of the XXIII Olympiad, 1984

Subseries 8.42, The International Exposition, Tsukuba, Japan or The International Science Technology Exposition, 1985

Subseries 8.43, Queen's Festival, 1985

Subseries 8.44, 1986 World Exposition on Transportation and Communication or Expo 86, 1986

Subseries 8.45, World Expo 88, 1988

Subseries 8.46, Universal Exposition of Seville or Expo 92, 1992

Subseries 8.47, Expo 2000, 2000

Subseries 8.48, Other Events and Celebrations, 1886-1989

Subseries 8.49, Combined Fairs, 1968-1994

Subseries 8.50, General information about world's fairs, 1964-1980

Series 9, Ephemera, 1892-1989, undated

Subseries 9.1, New York and New York World's Fair, 1892-1989, undated

Subseries 9.2, Other States and Countries, 1835, 1939, undated

Subseries 9.3, Motion Picture Film and Entertainment, 1937-1981, undated

Series 10, Audio Visual Materials, 1939, 1964-1965, undated

Subseries 10.1, Moving Images, 1939, 1964-1965, undated

Subseries 10.2, Sound Recordings, undated

Series 11, Oversize, 1835-1992, undated

Biographical / Historical:: Biographical / Historical

Edward Joseph Orth grew up with a strong interest in history, particularly the history of the 1939 New York World's Fair. Orth's visit to the fair as a twelve-year-old boy led to a life-long passion of collecting. At the time of his death, he had amassed enough materials to fill two homes in California. Orth also collected materials from several other fairs. In addition, he saved some of the records of the Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization (ECHO) and the World's Fair Collector's Society.

Orth was born April 19, 1927, to Andrew Joseph Orth and Florence Minnie Gordon Orth in Glendale, New York. In the 1930s, the Orth family lived in several locations in New York including Ridgewood, Brooklyn, Glendale, and Queens. The home that made the most impact in young Orth's life came in 1935 when the family moved to St. Albans, Queens seven miles from Flushing Meadow Park, the future site of the 1939 fair. Sadly in 1939 there were several deaths in the family including three grandparents. The severe loss of life limited family social activities but a drive by the future site of the fair provided Orth a glimpse of the Trylon and Perisphere. He would later remark that the sight appeared to be magic. In the summer of 1939, he went to the fair with his classmates from Public School 136. The next summer Orth and his father purchased a 10-admission ticket from an elementary school in Hollis, Queens, New York. He saved every souvenir and any information he could find about the fair. He filled scrapbooks with images from newspapers and postcards from the Curt Teich and Manhattan Postcard companies. When his family moved from an apartment to a house, he acquired a fair bench which was kept in the backyard.

In 1941, Orth attended Newton High School in Elmhurst, and Queens, New York. The high school offered a college preparatory program with heavy emphasis on mathematics, science, mechanical drawing, and workshop courses. Orth's education and training combined with the knowledge he gained from motion picture films viewed at the fair, including Thomas Edison's "The City of Light," Ford Motor Company's "Road of Tomorrow," "Democracy," and General Motors' "Futurama" provided the foundation and inspiration for a career in architecture and landscaping. He ultimately became a city planner for the state of California. By 1943, Orth was exploring used magazine and bookstores in New York City to acquire more fair materials before enlisting in the United States Army in 1945. Upon his discharge he resumed buying and trading fair postcards. From 1948-1953, Orth attended the University of California and the University of Connecticut where he studied architecture and landscape design. During these years he posted advertisements in various publications in his continued pursue for fair materials.

In March 1953, Mr. Orth moved to Los Angeles, California. There he formed lasting friendships with other collectors. By 1967, Orth and several of his closest friends including Peter Warner, Oscar Hengstler, David Oats, Larry Zim, and Ernest Weidhaas conceived the idea of a fair collector's organization. By the summer of 1968, the group had formally created the Exhibition Collectors Historical Organization (ECHO).

As time passed Orth became increasing concerned about the welfare of his collection. He wanted it to go to a museum rather than be sold in parts. In his will he stipulated that the collection would be given to the Smithsonian Institution upon his death. Jon Zackman, former Smithsonian employee, interviewed Orth's brother George and fair collector Peter Warner. Orth and Warner corresponded and traded objects over many years. Mr. Orth primarily covered the west coast area while Peter Warner was his east coast counterpart. Edward Orth died on September 6,1989 in Los Angeles, California at the age of sixty-two.

Related Materials:: Materials in the Archives Center

New York World's Fair Collection, NMAH.AC.0134

Landor Design Collection, NMAH.AC.0500

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subject Category, World Expos, NMAH.AC.0060

Larry Zim World's Fair Collection, NMAH.AC.0519

Alice R. Hillis World's Fair Film, NMAH.AC.0531

Borden Company 1939 New York World's Fair Collection, NMAH.AC.1063

Memories of the New York World's Fair, NMAH.AC.0592

Archives Center World Expositions Collection, NMAH.AC.0825

Daniel H. Meyerson World's Fair Collection, NMAH.AC.0745

Division of Community Life World's Fairs Collection, NMAH.AC.1132

Princeton University Posters Collection, NMAH.AC.0433

Hills Bros. Coffee Company, Incorporated Records, NMAH.AC.0395

Smithsonian Speech Synthesis History Project, NMAH.AC.0417

Messmore and Damon Company Records, NMAH.AC.0846

Thomas Norrell Railroad Collection, NMAH.AC.1174

William L. Bird Holidays on Display Collection, NMAH.AC.1288

Wurlitzer Company Records, NMAH.AC.0469

Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection, NMAH.AC.0200

Materials at Other Organizations

New York Public Library The New York World's Fair 1939 and 1940 Incorporated Records, 1935-1945, MssCol 2233.

New York City 1939 World's Fair architectural drawings, circa 1935. Museum of the City of New York. Museum of the City of New York.

New York City 1939 World's Fair Collection, 1939-1940. Museum of the City of New York. New York World's Fair 1939/40 Collection. Queens Museum.

1939 New York World's Fair Postcards, Identifier: 1972-320, Audiovisual Collections Repository, Hagley Museum & Library

Separated Materials:: Materials at the National Museum of American History

Artifacts from the collection include several thousand souvenirs and examples of memorabilia commemorating the fair to include buttons and badges, ceramics, glassware, clothing, costume jewelry, coins and medals, commemorative spoons and flatware, toys and games, and philatelic material which are all part of the Division of Home and Community Life's holdings (now Division of Cultural and Community Life).

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Viewing film portion of collection requires special appointment, please inquire. Do not use when original materials are available on reference video or audio tapes. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Exhibitions -- 1930-1940 -- New York (State) -- New York Search this; World's fairs Search this; Amusement parks--History Search this; Amusement parks--New York (State)--History Search this; Architecture--Exhibitions Search this; Architecture--New York (State)--New York Search this; Architecture--United States--Designs and plans Search this; Burlesque shows--New York (State)--New York--1930-1940 Search this; Business history Business enterprises--United States--History Search this; Chicago's Century of Progress Search this; Construction and civil engineering Search this; Construction industry--United States--Management--History Search this; Corporate culture--History Search this; Corporate culture--United States Search this; Engineering--History--20th century Search this; Exhibition buildings – New York (State) – New York Search this; Exhibition buildings--1920-1940 Search this; Exhibitions -- Design Search this; Fairs -- New York (State) -- New York -- History Search this; Fashion--History--20th century Search this; Flushing Meadows-Corona Park (New York, N.Y.)--History Search this; Food in popular culture--New York (State)--New York Search this; Graphic arts--United States--History--20th century Search this; International exhibitions Search this; International Exhibitions Bureau Search this; Lighting, Architectural and decorative--History--20th century Search this; Technology -- United States -- History -- 20th century Search this; Transportation--New York Metropolitan Area--Planning Search this; Transportation--New York (State) Search this; United States --Foreign relations --1933-1945 Search this; Urban parks--United States--History Search this; Urban design Search this; World War 1939-1945 -- Economic aspects -- United States Search this; Consumerism Search this; Consumers--History--20th century Search this; General Motors Corporation Search this; Grand Central Parkway extension Search this; Organizational behavior--United States--History Search this; Public relations--History Search this; New York World's Fair Commission Search this; Queens (New York, N.Y.) Buildings, structures, etc. Search this

Genre/Form:: Souvenirs -- 1930-1940; Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1930-1940; Pamphlets -- 1930-1940; Guidebooks -- 1930-1940; Exhibition posters--1930-1940; Diaries; Ephemera -- 20th century; Film transparencies; Motion picture film; Posters -- 1930-1940

Citation:: Edward J. Orth Memorial Archives of the New York World's Fair, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.0560

See more items in:: Edward J. Orth Memorial Archives of the New York World's Fair

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep808504c62-92bb-48b1-8a76-f9d279516c33

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0560

Online Media:

No Image Available

album

Referenced:: Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Search this

Physical Description:: green; black; white (overall color); paper; plastic; metal (overall material)

Measurements:: overall: 11 1/8 in x 11 1/2 in x 2 in; 28.2575 cm x 29.21 cm x 5.08 cm

Object Name:: Album

Associated Place:: United States: District of Columbia, Washington

Date made:: 1944

Referenced:: Presidents Search this

Related event:: World War II Search this

ID Number:: 2004.0160.01

Accession number:: 2004.0160

Catalog number:: 2004.0160.01

See more items in:: Political and Military History: Political History, General History Collection

Data Source:: National Museum of American History

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ab-967d-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmah_1273774

Photograph of Eva Northrup christening the S.S. Harriet Tubman

Photograph by:: Guy E. Nicholas, American, 1920 - 2008 Search this

Published by:: New England Shipbuilding Corporation, American, 1943 - 1945 Search this

Subject of:: Eva Stewart Northrup, American, 1890 - 1964 Search this; Harriet Tubman, American, 1822 - 1913 Search this

Medium:: silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions:: H x W: 8 x 10 in. (20.3 x 25.4 cm)

Type:: gelatin silver prints

Place depicted:: South Portland, Cumberland County, Maine, United States, North and Central America

Date:: June 3, 1944

Topic:: African American Search this; Military Search this; Photography Search this; Slavery Search this; Social reform Search this; Women Search this; World War II Search this

Credit Line:: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Charles L. Blockson

Object number:: 2009.50.29.6

Restrictions & Rights:: No Known Copyright Restrictions; Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:: Media Arts-Photography

Exhibition:: Double Victory: The African American Military Experience

On View:: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Community/Third Floor, 3 053

Data Source:: National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd59f3e3c96-aa83-4ea4-9f51-ee36d0f064b3

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmaahc_2009.50.29.6

Photograph of the launching of the S.S. Harriet Tubman

Photograph by:: Guy E. Nicholas, American, 1920 - 2008 Search this

Published by:: New England Shipbuilding Corporation, American, 1943 - 1945 Search this

Subject of:: Harriet Tubman, American, 1822 - 1913 Search this; Eva Stewart Northrup, American, 1890 - 1964 Search this

Medium:: silver and photographic gelatin on photographic paper

Dimensions:: H x W: 8 x 10 in. (20.3 x 25.4 cm)

Type:: gelatin silver prints

Place depicted:: South Portland, Cumberland County, Maine, United States, North and Central America

Date:: June 3, 1944

Topic:: African American Search this; Military Search this; Photography Search this; Slavery Search this; Social reform Search this; Women Search this; World War II Search this

Credit Line:: Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Charles L. Blockson

Object number:: 2009.50.29.7

Restrictions & Rights:: © 1944 New England Shipbuilding Corporation; Rights assessment and proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:: National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:: Media Arts-Photography

Exhibition:: Double Victory: The African American Military Experience

On View:: NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Community/Third Floor, 3 053

Data Source:: National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd56b60676f-bb0f-45b5-961a-4ea69b39a96f

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmaahc_2009.50.29.7

No Image Available

Prayers for Victory Westminster Cathedral. Western Union Cable Photo [photoprint]

Collector:: Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Donor:: Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Names:: Westminster Cathedral (London, England) Search this

Collection Creator:: United Telegraph Workers. Search this; Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Extent:: 1 Item

Type:: Archival materials; Cable photographs; Cablegrams; Photographs

Place:: London (England)

Date:: [ca. 1939-1945]

Scope and Contents:: Captions above imprinted with photograph. Subject is Roman Catholic cathedral in London, Westminster Cathedral (not Westminster Abbey). High-angle view, probably taken from choir loft, showing cathedral filled with people.

Collection Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but Series 11 and films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made to view some of the audiovisual materials. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: World War, 1939-1945 Search this; Cathedrals Search this

Genre/Form:: Cable photographs; Cablegrams; Photographs -- 1940-1950 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin

Collection Citation:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records; Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f95d826e-b966-46d7-97b4-985a260def79

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref11299

[Woman seated in front of and typing on a Western Union Teleprinter; Black-and-white photoprint.]

Collector:: Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Collection Creator:: United Telegraph Workers. Search this; Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Extent:: 1 Item (9.9" x 8.1")

Type:: Archival materials; Photographs

Date:: May 16, 1944

Scope and Contents:: "No objection to publication, Bureau of Public Relations, War Department, Washington" stamped on back of photo.

Arrangement:: Box 471, Folder 1.

Local Numbers:: AC0205-0000022.tif (AC Scan)

Restrictions:: Unrestricted research access by appointment. Photographs must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.

Collection Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Typists Search this; Women in war Search this; Labor Search this; World War, 1939-1945 Search this; Telegraph, Wireless Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs -- 1940-1950 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin

Collection Citation:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records; Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.7: Equipment / World War II, 1944

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81512aed1-d2cf-45c1-a551-012259fb8648

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref11309

[Woman seated in front of and typing on a Western Union Telekrypton, black-and-white photoprint]

Collector:: Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Collection Creator:: United Telegraph Workers. Search this; Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Extent:: 1 Item (8.1" x 10.0")

Type:: Archival materials; Photographs

Date:: Circa 1940

Arrangement:: Box 471, Folder 3.

Local Numbers:: AC0205-0000023.tif (AC Scan)

Restrictions:: Unrestricted research access by appointment. Photographs must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.

Collection Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Labor Search this; World War, 1939-1945 Search this; Women employees Search this; Typists Search this; Telegraph, Wireless Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs -- 1940-1950 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin

Collection Citation:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records; Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.7: Equipment / World War II, 1945-46

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep80c3bce4a-b2e6-411a-bf7e-66eae34ef52c

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref11310

view [First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt guided by a man in military uniform through a European city bombed during World War II; "Western Union Cable Photo" : photoprint.] digital asset: [First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt guided by a man in military uniform through a European city bombed during World War II; "Western Union Cable Photo" : photoprint.]

[First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt guided by a man in military uniform through a European city bombed during World War II; "Western Union Cable Photo" : photoprint.]

Collector:: Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Names:: Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962 Search this

Collection Creator:: United Telegraph Workers. Search this; Western Union Telegraph Company Search this

Extent:: 1 Item (4.6"x7.1".)

Type:: Archival materials; Photographs

Date:: Circa 1944

Arrangement:: In series 23?, box 756?, folder 1-2?

Local Numbers:: AC0205-0000086 (AC Scan)

Restrictions:: Unrestricted research access by appointment. Photographs must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.

Collection Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: World War, 1939-1945 Search this; Telegraph, Wireless Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs -- 1940-1950 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin

Collection Citation:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:: Western Union Telegraph Company Records; Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 23: Photographs / 23.10: Cable Photographs (Facsimiles) / Cable Photographs-Negatives, February 1939-June 1939

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86a546310-f165-45c6-b80e-536cfce47463

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref11378

book, war ration

Physical Description:: paper (overall material); black (overall color); red (overall color); beige (overall color)

Measurements:: average spatial: 6 in x 4 1/2 in; x 15.24 cm x 11.43 cm

Object Name:: Book, War Ration

Date made:: 1943

Associated dates:: 1943 10 25 / 1943 10 25

Related event:: World War II Search this

Credit Line:: Cottle

ID Number:: 1995.0348.03

Catalog number:: 1995.0348.03

Accession number:: 1995.0348

See more items in:: Political and Military History: Political History, Home Front Collection

Data Source:: National Museum of American History

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746aa-0e3b-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmah_1175697

Brannock Device Company Records

Creator:: Park-Brannock. Search this; Park, Ernest N. Search this; Brannock, Otis C. Search this; Brannock, Charles F., 1903-1992 Search this; Brannock Device Company. Search this

Names:: Selby Shoe Company Search this; United States. Armed Forces -- Supplies and stores Search this; United States. Army -- Supplies and stores Search this

Extent:: 12 Cubic feet (34 boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Patents; Trademarks; Slides (photographs); Advertisements; Sales records; Photographs; Photographic prints; Filmstrips; Design drawings

Date:: 1925 - 1998

Summary:: The Brannock Device Company began with the 1925 invention of the Brannock Device, a tool to measure foot length and width at the same time, by inventor and businessman Charles F. Brannock. Early in his career Brannock worked as a shoe salesman at the Park-Brannock shoe store, and in 1962 he became the CEO of the company. This collection documents both the Park-Brannock store and the Brannock Device. Materials in The Brannock Device Company Records, 1925-1998, include of correspondence, design drawings, United States and foreign patents and trademarks, advertisements, product information, sales records, photographs, and a film strip documenting the invention, promotion, and sale of the Brannock Device as well as the concurrent development of Park-Brannock as a leading shoe store in Syracuse, N.Y.

Scope and Contents:: The Brannock Device Company Records, 1925-1998, consist of correspondence, design drawings, United States and foreign patents and trademarks, advertisements, product information, sales records, photographs, and a film strip documenting the invention, promotion, and sale of the Brannock Device as well as the concurrent development of Park-Brannock as a leading shoe store in Syracuse, NY. The collection is useful to researchers for its stories of invention and entrepreneurship and its exemplification of the patent and trademark process in the United States and internationally in the early 20th century. The process of manufacturing and marketing in the shoe industry, and manufacturing of military supplies during World War II is also highlighted.

Arrangement:: The collection is divided into two subgroups.

Subgroup 1, The Brannock Device Company, 1925-1998

Series 1: Historical Background, 1928-1995

Series 2: Operational Records, 1926-1980

Subseries 1: Book for Recording Devices on Hand, 1927-1929

Subseries 2: Correspondence, 1926-1951

Subseries 3: Census, 1947-1980

Subseries 4: Insurance Inventory, 1956

Subseries 5: Royalties Accrued, 1946-1951

Subseries 6: Time Records, 1952-1958

Subseries 7: Notes, undated

Series 3: Product Development Records, 1925-1981

Subseries 1: Competitors' Devices and Other Products, c. 1928-1981

Subseries 2: Fitting Stool, 1936-1947

Subseries 3: Design, 1925-1975

Subseries 4: Manufacture, 1927-1959

Series 4: Advertising and Marketing Records, 1926-1998

Subseries 1: Correspondence, 1926-1998

Subseries 2: Mailing Lists, 1947-1950

Subseries 3: Ideas and Copy, undated

Subseries 4: Printed Materials with the Brannock Device Name (stationery, business cards, leases), undated

Subseries 5: Advertisements and Product Information, 1934-1980

Subseries 6: Measuring Device Instructions, undated

Subseries 7: Advertising and Merchandising Plans, 1938-1956

Series 5: Sales and Distribution Records, 1925-1986

Subseries 1: United States--Private Sector, 1925-1973

Subseries 2: United States--Military, 1928-1972

Subseries 3: Foreign, 1937-1986

Series 6: Photographs, c. 1930-1997

Subseries 1: Personal, undated

Subseries 2: Foot-Measuring Devices, undated

Subseries 3: Military, undated

Subseries 4: Employees and Factory, undated

Subseries 5: Negatives of Brannock Device, 1933-1958

Subgroup 2, Park-Brannock Shoe Store Records, 1916-1918, 1927-1981

Series 1: Historical Background, 1936-1981

Series 2: Operational Records, 1936-1972

Subseries 1: Financial Materials, 1936-1972

Subseries 2: Financial Materials, 1937-1961

Subseries 3: Business Course Tailored to Park-Brannock, undated

Subseries 4: Business Course Tailored to Park-Brannock, 1935-1961

Subseries 5: New York City Business Trips, 1945-1952

Subseries 6: Miscellaneous Notes, undated

Series 3: Advertising and Marketing Records, 1933-1962

Series 4: Sales Records, 1916-1977

Subseries 1: Customer Correspondence, 1928-1977

Subseries 2: Supplier Correspondence, 1927-1944

Subseries 3: Florsheim Sales Instruction Manual, undated

Subseries 4: Inventories, 1961

Subseries 5: Promotions, undated

Subseries 6: Receipts, 1916-1918

Subseries 7: Sales Floor Management, undated

Series 5: Photographs, 1932-1967

Biographical / Historical:: The Brannock Device Company began with the 1925 invention of the Brannock Device by Charles F. Brannock. Charles Brannock was working as a salesman in the Park-Brannock shoe store, co-owned by his father Otis C. Brannock and Ernest N. Park, in Syracuse, New York when he saw the need for an improved foot-measuring device. The Brannock Device soon gained favor over size-sticks because it measured foot length and width at the same time. Additionally, it measured heel-to-ball length, a feature which aided in fitting heeled shoes.

Charles F. Brannock (1903-1992) was an inventor and businessman. He began tinkering with the idea of a new foot-measuring device while attending Syracuse University, where he would get up in the middle of the night and work on sketches and calculations. Brannock obtained a patent for the device on August 28, 1928, but by then manufacture and sale of the device was already underway. Brannock assembled the device in the Park-Brannock shoe store and gave the device a trial on the sales floor. In 1926, Charles Brannock began offering the device to shoe retailers first on a rental basis and then by sale through the use of salesmen who lived throughout the country and each covered a geographic area. By 1929, the company began to phase out salesmen because it offered quantity discounts to shoe companies which distributed the devices to their stores at a lower price than salesmen could offer.

Brannock sold his device internationally beginning in 1929 through Mr. I. Singer of London, England. In 1936 distribution rights transferred to Henry Maitland Marler of Feature Shoes Limited of London, an affiliate of the Selby Shoe Company. Renewing and protecting foreign trademarks proved to be a legal challenge. Due to some confusion, Brannock's British patent was allowed to lapse. In order to prevent other companies from using the Brannock name in England, H.M. Marler set up Brannock Fitting Device Limited in October 1937. The company began manufacturing Brannock Devices in January 1946, but royalties accrued through European sale by 1951 did not even cover a third of the cost of trademarks, patents, and designs.

Fortunately for the Brannock Device Company, these costs were absorbed by the Selby Shoe Company, with whom it had entered into agreements about foreign distribution in November 1941. Selby had exclusive rights to distribute the Brannock Device in South America, South Africa, and other countries, and assisted Brannock in securing trademarks in many foreign countries.

In 1933 a United States Navy captain asked a shoe salesman to find the source of many sailors' foot problems. The salesman, after measuring sailors' feet with the Brannock device, declared that the Navy shoe was not the cause of the problem; the sailors were simply wearing the wrong size shoes. The captain was so happy that he would not have to order special shoes for his men that he wrote an article in the July 1933 issue of United States Naval Institute Proceedings which described how the Brannock Device had eliminated foot troubles aboard the ship. This gave Brannock an opportunity to promote his device in the Navy by sending the article to other ships. He calibrated his device for use in other branches of the military and by World War II the Brannock Device was being used by most of the armed forces. Several articles were written about the greater foot comfort enjoyed by the military after the introduction of the device. Charles Brannock was proud of his small but widespread role in the war effort and in the comfort of America's enlisted men and women.

Through the years Charles Brannock developed many different models of his device, including the women's, men's, junior, growing girl's, athletic, ski-boot, and military models. In 1947, Brannock moved the device company to a machine shop at 509 East Fayette Street in Syracuse, where it remained for 50 years.

Brannock advertised both the store and the device in local papers, and the device in trade literature such as Boot and Shoe Recorder. He encouraged other shoe stores to promote themselves by using the device in their advertising. He also attended the annual National Shoe Fair in Chicago from 1938 to 1968 in order to promote the device as well as learn about shoe-fashion trends for the Park-Brannock shoe store.

Concurrently, Charles Brannock also played a significant role in the Park-Brannock shoe store. His father, Otis C. Brannock and Ernest N. Park founded Park-Brannock in 1906 in a small store at 321 South Salina Street, focusing on women's shoes. In February 1937, they moved to a three-story building at 427 South Salina Street. Finally, in 1946, a six-story store was built at 473-475 South Salina Street through 129 East Onondaga Street. While waiting for the newest store to be built, Park-Brannock temporarily moved to the Chimes Building at 510-512 South Salina Street and 113 West Onondaga Street. Park-Brannock gained fame in Syracuse for a wide selection of men's, women's and children's shoes, handbags, millinery, hose, and accessories. In an advertisement, the store declared itself "one of America's finest shoe stores." The design of the two newer stores was state-of-the-art, and Park-Brannock was featured in shoe magazine articles. For example, the men's department was designed to look like a great room inside a ship. Charles Brannock became the CEO of Park-Brannock after both his father and Ernest Park died in 1962. Park-Brannock closed its doors in 1981, after the Hotel Syracuse offered to purchase the property for its new Hilton Tower.

Charles Brannock died on November 22, 1992, at the age of 89. The company was purchased in 1993 from the Brannock Estate by Salvatore Leonardi. Leonardi continues to manufacture Brannock devices in a small factory in Liverpool, New York. Over a million Brannock Devices have been manufactured, and it remains the shoe industry standard

Related Materials:: Materials at the National Museum of American History

Artifacts (several Brannock Devices and competitors' devices) are in the Division of Culture and the Arts (now Division of Cultural and Community Life) and the Division of Armed Forces History (now Division of Political and Military History).

Provenance:: The collection was donated to the National Museum of American History by Salvatore Leonardi on November 4, 1998.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.; Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: World War, 1939-1945 -- Equipment and supplies Search this; Show-windows -- New York -- Syracuse Search this; Shoes -- Sizes Search this; Shoe industry -- New York -- Syracuse Search this; Shoes -- Fitting Search this; Shoe machinery Search this; Foot -- Measurement Search this; Design, Industrial -- New York -- Syracuse Search this; Military supplies Search this; Measuring instruments industry Search this; Measuring instruments Search this

Genre/Form:: Patents; Trademarks; Slides (photographs); Advertisements; Sales records; Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Glass -- 1890-1920; Photographs -- 20th century; Photographic prints; Filmstrips; Design drawings

Citation:: Brannock Device Company Records, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.0672

See more items in:: Brannock Device Company Records

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep884ed7f98-35b5-4cce-998a-fac08db27ab5

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0672

Online Media:

War Ration Book No. 3

Physical Description:: paper (overall material); beage (overall color); black (overall color); red (overall color)

Measurements:: average spatial: 7 in x 4 1/4 in; x 17.78 cm x 10.795 cm

Object Name:: Book, War Ration

Associated dates:: 1942 10 25 / 1942 10 25

Related event:: World War II Search this

Credit Line:: Cottle

ID Number:: 1995.0348.02

Catalog number:: 1995.0348.02

Accession number:: 1995.0348

See more items in:: Political and Military History: Political History, Home Front Collection

Data Source:: National Museum of American History

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746aa-0e3a-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nmah_1175696

Japanese American Documentary Collection

Creator:: Tanaka, Peter, Dr. Search this; Tsukamoto, Mary Search this; McGovern, Melvin Search this; Nitta, Eugene T. Search this; Ishimoto, Norman Search this

Names:: Japanese Americans Citizens League Search this; Emi, Frank Search this; Hashimoto, M. Search this; Kamikawa, Juichi Search this; Kamikawa, Kazu, Mrs. Search this; Kawashiri Search this; Kihari, Shigeya Search this; Matsumoto Search this; Miyake, Takashi Search this; Oliver, Floyd A. Search this; Ozamoto, T. Search this; Vogel, Mabel Rose Search this; Wakabayashi, Ron Search this

Former owner:: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Armed Forces Search this

Extent:: 1 Cubic foot (3 boxes and 1 oversized folder)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Typescripts; Passports; Albums; Books; Cartoons (humorous images); Christmas cards; Comic books; Newsletters; Panoramas; Personal papers; Photograph albums; Photographs; Posters; Ration books; Scrapbooks; Telegrams

Place:: Minidoka; Manzanar; Idaho; Amache (Calif.); California -- 1940-1950

Date:: 1900s-1993

Scope and Contents:: The collection is an assortment of souvenirs and memorabilia, which have survived the years since World War II. Many of them, Christmas cards, high school graduation programs, notes to friends, snapshots, and photographic prints in the form of dance programs reflect the interests and concerns of all teenagers. There are camp newsletters and Japanese passports, identification cards, ration books, meal passes, posters; a photograph album contains both family photographs and a record of achievements of members of the Kamikawa family. There is a transcript of a taped interview with Mrs. Kamikawa, who was nearly 90 in February 1982, the time of the interview. A book, Lone Heart Mountain by Estelle Ishigo, portrays in text and sketches life in the relocation centers.

The collection has been filed under the name of each donor rather than by subject such as passports, newsletters, photographs. With very few exceptions the material is in good condition. The historical sketch of the Matsumoto family tree in the photograph album is badly damaged.

Arrangement:: 1 series, arranged alphabetically by donor.

Biographical / Historical:: On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor and the United States went to war. On February 19, 1942, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9066 authorizing the military to exclude "any and all persons" from designated areas of the United States to protect the national defense. Thus, without the imposition of martial law, the military were given authority over the civilian population.

Under this order, nearly 120,000 men, women and children of Japanese ancestry, nearly two thirds of who were United States citizens, were forced out of their homes and into detention camps in isolated areas of the west. Many of them spent the years of the war living under armed guards, and behind barbed wire. Children spent their school days in the camps, young men left to volunteer or be drafted for military service. The War Relocation Authority administered the camps.

This collection of documentary materials relates to the involuntary relocation of Japanese Americans was collected by the Division of Armed Forces History in connection with the exhibit A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the United States Constitution at the National Museum of American History in 1988. The donors either were members of the Japanese American Citizens League or reached through the League. Interesting and revealing information is available about a few of the donors. They were primarily teenagers or young adults at the time of the relocation and the materials in the collection reflect their interests and concerns. Juichi Kamikawa, who had completed a year of college in Fresno, California, graduated from the Corcoran School of Art in Washington, D.C. after the war and became a respected artist. His family record is one of distinction in both Japan and the United States for several generations. Masuichi Kamikawa, his father, received the Order of the Sacred Treasure from the Japanese Emperor for outstanding contributions to the cultural heritage of Japan. Among achievements cited were his work in merchandizing and banking in Fresno, California. Mary Tsukamoto is one of the contributors to the video conversations in the exhibit. She is a retired teacher who was 27 years old in 1942 and a long time resident of Florin, California. Along with her entire family, she was sent to the center at Jerome, Arkansas. Mabel Rose Vogel taught high school at one of the camps, Rowher Center, Arkansas.

Related Materials:: The Division of Armed Forces History (now Division of Political and Military History) will have additional documents collected for the exhibit, A More Perfect Union, described above, that may be useful. Another collection on this topic in the Archives Center is collection #450, the Gerald Lampoley Collection of Japanese American Letters, 1942 1943, a collection of six letters written by Japanese Americans to their former teacher. Researchers may also refer to the records of the War Relocation Authority, Record Group 210, or those of the United States Commands, 1947 , Record Group 338, in the National Archives. Further, the National Headquarters of the Japanese American Citizens League in San Francisco, California, and the Japanese American National Museum in Los Angeles, California, maintain related collections.

Provenance:: Donated by a number of Japanese Americans, many of whom are members of the Japanese American Citizens League, headquartered in San Francisco. This material was acquired for inclusion in the exhibition, A More Perfect Union, described above, but was not placed on display for one reason or another. In certain instances, items in this collection were omitted from the exhibit if they were considered too fragile or too sensitive to prolonged exposure to light. It is possible that related items, currently on display, ultimately will be transferred to the Archives Center; if this occurs, it would be useful to distinguish between the two groups of exhibited and undisplayed materials. Transferred from the Division of Armed Forces History, June 1988.

Restrictions:: The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Collection located at off-site storage area.

Viewing film portion of collection requires special appointment, please inquire; listening to LP recordings only possible by special arrangement. Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:: Military history, Modern Search this; Concentration camps -- 1942-1945 -- United States Search this; World War, 1939-1945 Search this

Genre/Form:: Typescripts -- 1940-1950; Passports; Albums -- 1940-1950; Books; Cartoons (humorous images) -- 20th century; Christmas cards; Comic books; Newsletters -- 1940-1950; Panoramas; Personal papers -- 1940-1950; Photograph albums -- 1940-1950; Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1940-1950; Posters -- 1940-1960; Ration books; Scrapbooks -- 1900-1950; Telegrams -- 1940-1950