United States of America -- Mississippi -- Adams County -- Natchez
General:
"Monmouth is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and designated an Historic Landmark. The well-kept gardens have great appeal, and many visitors spend time here throughout the year. Native plants abound and enhance selected cultivated plant material. A special rose garden sets the theme for excellence in plant choices. The pear orchard revived and replanted from traditional earlier production of this and other fruits by John Quitman is also noteworthy."
"Highlighting the property is a small lake with a picturesque bridge. The bridge crossing leads to a gravel pathway directly in line with an approach to either an early cemetery where one of the first owners is buried, or a well marked nature trail into the natural forest part of Monmouth's property. The garden plan evolved into a beautiful year-round setting.
Persons associated with the property include: Lewis and Sarah Evans (former owner February 22, 1814 to December 21, 1817); Jonathan Thompson (former owner from December 21, 1817 to January 11, 1825); John Hankinson (former owner from January 11, 1825 to March 11, 1826); Calvin Smith (former owner from march 11, 1826 to 1858); Rosalie Quitman Duncan (former owner from 1858 to 1914); Alice Quitman Lovell (former owner 1914 to Jan 1, 1919); Eva C. Lovell (former owner from 1914 to January 1, 1919); W. W. Perry (former owner from Jan 1, 1919 to June 15, 1922); Lottie Perry (former owner from June 15, 1922 to ?).
Persons associated with the property include: Annie G. Gwin Barnum (former owner from ?); Anne Gwin Vaughan (former owner from ?); Lucien C. and Lawrence P. Gwin (former owner from ?); Ron and Mimi Miller (Historic Natchez Advisors in 1982); Ms. Elbert Hilliard (Mississippi Department of Archives and History, consultant in 1982); Danny Smith (Builder/Contractor); Bill Garbo (landscape architect); Bryan Graham (landscape architect); Harvey Cotton (horticulturist and manager); Larry Stewart (gardener and nature trail planner); Malcolm Robson (wood grainer, England).
Related Materials:
Monmouth related holdings consist of 1 folder (21 35 mm. slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
The Samuel Adams Papers document a surgeon's perspective on several major battles and events occurring during the United States Civil War.
Scope and Contents:
This collection is divided into four series and includes letters and other papers of the Civil War surgeon Samuel Adams, as well as two CDs containing scans of the letters and transcriptions, and other documentation. The letters were sent to Adams's family and were written from the sites of major battles of the Civil War, including Antietam, Fredericksburg and Gettysburg. One letter mentions Lincoln's assassination. The collection contains medical papers written by Adams, a military pass, and a list of "maxims" written by Adams's body servant, WIlliam. Additionally, genealogical information connecting the collection donor to Samuel Adams, transcriptions of all handwritten documentation, and a copy of Grandfather to Grandson, which is a collection of letters written by the donor's great-grandfather during the Great Depression, are included.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into four series.
Series 1: Supplemental Documentation, 1862-1933, undated
Series 2: Civil War Letters, 1862-1865 (bulk 1862-1863)
Series 3: Medical Papers, undated
Series 4: Miscellaneous Documents, 1861 July 16, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Samuel Adams was born in Maine around 1839, and was a surgeon for the Union Army during the United States Civil War. Adams enlisted on April 16, 1862 as an assistant surgeon, and was commissioned into the U.S. Army Medical Staff as part of the regular Army. Adams received two promotions by brevet during the war to Captain and then to Major. He was present during the battles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, and Gettysburg, and died of yellow fever on September 9,1867 in Galveston, Texas.
Provenance:
Collection donated by Robert K. Hollingsworth on September 26, 2013.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
From the Wrenne list and the list from the South Dakota Historical Society have been compiled a list for distribution which combines the identifications from the two lists. Mr Anderson used a copy of the Wrenne list, submitted to him by the BAE, and made corrections and added the Agency names from the South Dakota Historical Society photograph. The South Dakota Historical Society list did not contain the Indian names; these are all from the Wrenne list. The tribal identifications and other comments in parentheses are by Harry Anderson. Note: In January 1965 an original print was located in the U. S. National Museum. (Division of Ethnology) collection which has the individuals numbered and a printed list of names attached to the mount. Presumably this is like the one from which Anderson worked at the South Dakota Historical Society. A new typed list was made, January '65, crediting the N. M. print as the source (and correcting some previous mis-readings of Anderson's writing) of the English names.
The English names are taken from an original print in the U. S. National Museum collection which has the individuals numbered and a printed list of names attached to the mount. The Indian names below were supplied in 1937 by Vernon W. Wrenne, Rockford, Illinois, with the help of Indian friends and a missionary to the Indians, Mr Thomas Riggs of Pierre, South Dakota, then aged 90. Tribal designations and other comments in parenthenses were supplied in 1960 by Harry Anderson, Assistant Secretary, South Dakota Historical Society, Pierre, South Dakota.
First Row, Left to Right: 1. G. L. Stevick - Teacher at Rosebud Agency; see BAE Photos Catalog Number 4574:(33). 2. Col. S. F. Tappen - Member of 1867-68 Peace Commission). 3. Col. R. S. Gardner, Inspector (Indian Department). - Possibly same as man at left in BAE Photos Catalog Number 4574:(13 ?) 4. R. V. Belt, Indian Department - Sometime acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 5. Hon. John V. Wright, Commissioner - Judge John V. Wright, Tennessee; see BAE Negative Number "Portraits" 13-b. 6. Rev. William J. Cleveland, Commissioner -Missionary at Rosebud Agency. 7. Capt. R. H. Pratt, Commissioner - Head of Carlisle Indian School. 8. Hon. John H. Oberly, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 9. Gov. L. K. Church of Dakota Territory. 10. Hon. Edmond Rice, Minnesota.
Second Row, Left to Right: Rosebud Agency Delegation (All Brule Sioux) 1. Ugly Wild Horse (Bad Wild Horse) Sung-Wa-To-Gla Si-Ca, 2. Pretty Eagle (Good Eagle) Wan-Bli Wa-Ste, 3. He Dog, Sun-Ka Blo-Ka, 4. Good Voice, Ho Wa-Ste, 5. Quick Bear, Ma-To O-Han-Ke, 6. Black Wolf, Sun-K To-Ke-Ca Wak-Pa-Iya, 7. Swift Bear, Ma-To Luza-Han, 8. Ring Thunder, Wa-Kin-Yan Can Gle-Ska, 9. Two Strike, Nom Kahpa or Nom A Papi, 10. Grey Eagle Tail, Wandli Sinte Hota, 11. Sky Bull, Ta-Tan-Ka Ma-Hpi-Ya, 12. Red Fish, Ho-Gan Luta, 13. Yellow Hair, Hin-Zi, 14. Eagle Horse, Wan-Bli Sun-Ka, 15. Thomas Flood, Interpreter, 16. Col. L. F. Spencer, Agent at Rosebud.
Third Row, Left to Right: Standing Rock Agency Delegation. 1. Sitting Bull (Hunkpapa Sioux) Ta-Tan-Ka-Iyo-Tan-Ke, 2. Stephen Two Bears (Lower Yanktonai) Ma-To Non-Pa, 3. Bear's Rib (Hunkpapa Sioux), Ma-To Cu-Wi, 4. Thunder Hawk (Hunkpapa Sioux), Ce-Tan Wa-Kin-Yan, 5. High Eagle (Hunkpapa Sioux), Wan-Bli Wan-Kan-Tuya, 6. Big Head (Upper Yanktonai), Na-Su-La Tan-Ka or Pa Tan-Ka, 7. Mad Bear (Lower Yanktonai) (Brave Bear), Ma-To O-Hi-Ti-Ka, 8. Grey Eagle (Hunkpapa), Wan-Bli Ho Ta, 9. Hairy Chin (Hunkpapa) I-Ku Hin-La, 10. Walking Eagle (Upper Yanktonai), Wan-Bli Ma-Ni, called "Black Prairie Dog" in Lewis Crawford's Rekindling Campfires, Bismark, 1926, plate facing page 270 (showing Standing Rock delegation only), 11. High Bear (Upper Yanktonai), Ma-To Wan-Kan-Tu-Ya, 12. Fire Heart (Blackfoot Sioux), Can-Te Pe-Ta, 13. John Grass (Blackfoot Sioux) Pe-Ji (Si-Yo Wi-Ki, nickname), 14. Gall (Hunkpapa), Pi-Zi, 15. Louis Primeau, Interpreter, 16. Major James McLaughlin, Agent at Standing Rock.
Fourth Row, Left to Right: Pine Ridge Delegation (All Oglala except two, as indicated) 1. Dog Back, Sun-Ka Tapetu, 2. Standing Soldier, 1st Lieut., Agency Police. 3. Yellow Bear, 4. Little Hawk, Ce-Tan Ci-Ka-La, 5. Little Wound, Ta-Opi Ci-Ka-La, 6. Little Chief, Cheyenne, 7. Pretty Lance (Good Lance), Wa-Kin-Kpe Wa-Ste, 8. Standing Elk, Cheyenne, 9. Fast Thunder, Wa-Kin-Yan Lu-Za-Han, 10. No Flesh, Co-Ni-Ca Wa-Ni-Ca, 11. American Horse, Wa-Si-Cun Ta-Shum-Ke, 12. Capt. George Sword (Indian Police), 13. Plenty Bears, Ma-To O-Ta, 14. Benjamin Rowland, Interpreter (for Cheyennes), 15. Philip Wells, Interpreter, 16. Col. H. D. Gallagher, Agent at Pine Ridge. (There were a number of Northern Cheyenne still living on Pine Ridge in 1888; Little Chief and Standing Elk were their head men. --H. H. A.)
Fifth Row, Left to Right: Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, and Lower Brule Delegations. 1. White Ghost (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 2. Drifting Goose (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 3. Bowed Head (Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 4. Little Bear (Cheyenne River), Mato Cikala, 5. Spotted Elk (Cheyenne River; this Spotted Elk is the "Big Foot" of the Wounded Knee incident), 6. Crow Eagle (Cheyenne River), Kan-Gi Wan-Bli, 7. White Swan (Cheyenne River), Ma-Ga-Ska, 8. Charger (Cheyenne River), Wa-A-Na-Tan, 9. Spotted Eagle (Cheyenne River), Wan-Bli- Gle-Ska, 10. Swift Bird (Cheyenne River), Zi-Tka-La Lu-Za-Han, 11. Little No Heart (Cheyenne River), Can-Te Wa-Ni-Ca Ci-Ka-La, 12. Narcisse Narcelle (Interpreter, Crow Creek Agency), 13. Wm. Larabee (Also spelled Larvie), Interpreter (Crow Creek Agency), 14. Dr C. E. Mc Chesney, Agent at Cheyenne River Agency.
Sixth Row, Left to Right: 1. Mark Wells, Interpreter (Crow Creek), 2. Wm. Carpenter, Capt. of Police Force (Crow Creek), 3. Fire Thunder, Capt. of Police Force (Lower Brule), 4. Medicine Bull (Lower Brule), 5. Bull Head (Lower Brule), 6. Wizi (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek). Seventh Row, Left to Right: 1. Major W. W. Anderson, Agent at Crow Creek and Lower Brule, 2. Alec Recontre, Interpreter (Lower Brule Agency), 3. Joe Campbell, Interpreter [Identification by Wrenne, not identified on original].
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.10000522
OPPS NEG.3351 C
Local Note:
Black and white copy film negative
Place:
D C -- Washington
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
From the Wrenne list and the list from the South Dakota Historical Society have been compiled a list for distribution which combines the identifications from the two lists. Mr Anderson used a copy of the Wrenne list, submitted to him by the BAE, and made corrections and added the Agency names from the South Dakota Historical Society photograph. The South Dakota Historical Society list did not contain the Indian names; these are all from the Wrenne list. The tribal identifications and other comments in parentheses are by Harry Anderson. Note: In January 1965 an original print was located in the U. S. National Museum. (Division of Ethnology) collection which has the individuals numbered and a printed list of names attached to the mount. Presumably this is like the one from which Anderson worked at the South Dakota Historical Society. A new typed list was made, January '65, crediting the N. M. print as the source (and correcting some previous mis-readings of Anderson's writing) of the English names.
The English names are taken from an original print in the U. S. National Museum collection which has the individuals numbered and a printed list of names attached to the mount. The Indian names below were supplied in 1937 by Vernon W. Wrenne, Rockford, Illinois, with the help of Indian friends and a missionary to the Indians, Mr Thomas Riggs of Pierre, South Dakota, then aged 90. Tribal designations and other comments in parenthenses were supplied in 1960 by Harry Anderson, Assistant Secretary, South Dakota Historical Society, Pierre, South Dakota.
First Row, Left to Right: 1. G. L. Stevick - Teacher at Rosebud Agency; see BAE Photos Catalog Number 4574:(33). 2. Col. S. F. Tappen - Member of 1867-68 Peace Commission). 3. Col. R. S. Gardner, Inspector (Indian Department). - Possibly same as man at left in BAE Photos Catalog Number 4574:(13 ?) 4. R. V. Belt, Indian Department - Sometime acting Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 5. Hon. John V. Wright, Commissioner - Judge John V. Wright, Tennessee; see BAE Negative Number "Portraits" 13-b. 6. Rev. William J. Cleveland, Commissioner -Missionary at Rosebud Agency. 7. Capt. R. H. Pratt, Commissioner - Head of Carlisle Indian School. 8. Hon. John H. Oberly, Commissioner of Indian Affairs. 9. Gov. L. K. Church of Dakota Territory. 10. Hon. Edmond Rice, Minnesota.
Second Row, Left to Right: Rosebud Agency Delegation (All Brule Sioux) 1. Ugly Wild Horse (Bad Wild Horse) Sung-Wa-To-Gla Si-Ca, 2. Pretty Eagle (Good Eagle) Wan-Bli Wa-Ste, 3. He Dog, Sun-Ka Blo-Ka, 4. Good Voice, Ho Wa-Ste, 5. Quick Bear, Ma-To O-Han-Ke, 6. Black Wolf, Sun-K To-Ke-Ca Wak-Pa-Iya, 7. Swift Bear, Ma-To Luza-Han, 8. Ring Thunder, Wa-Kin-Yan Can Gle-Ska, 9. Two Strike, Nom Kahpa or Nom A Papi, 10. Grey Eagle Tail, Wandli Sinte Hota, 11. Sky Bull, Ta-Tan-Ka Ma-Hpi-Ya, 12. Red Fish, Ho-Gan Luta, 13. Yellow Hair, Hin-Zi, 14. Eagle Horse, Wan-Bli Sun-Ka, 15. Thomas Flood, Interpreter, 16. Col. L. F. Spencer, Agent at Rosebud.
Third Row, Left to Right: Standing Rock Agency Delegation. 1. Sitting Bull (Hunkpapa Sioux) Ta-Tan-Ka-Iyo-Tan-Ke, 2. Stephen Two Bears (Lower Yanktonai) Ma-To Non-Pa, 3. Bear's Rib (Hunkpapa Sioux), Ma-To Cu-Wi, 4. Thunder Hawk (Hunkpapa Sioux), Ce-Tan Wa-Kin-Yan, 5. High Eagle (Hunkpapa Sioux), Wan-Bli Wan-Kan-Tuya, 6. Big Head (Upper Yanktonai), Na-Su-La Tan-Ka or Pa Tan-Ka, 7. Mad Bear (Lower Yanktonai) (Brave Bear), Ma-To O-Hi-Ti-Ka, 8. Grey Eagle (Hunkpapa), Wan-Bli Ho Ta, 9. Hairy Chin (Hunkpapa) I-Ku Hin-La, 10. Walking Eagle (Upper Yanktonai), Wan-Bli Ma-Ni, called "Black Prairie Dog" in Lewis Crawford's Rekindling Campfires, Bismark, 1926, plate facing page 270 (showing Standing Rock delegation only), 11. High Bear (Upper Yanktonai), Ma-To Wan-Kan-Tu-Ya, 12. Fire Heart (Blackfoot Sioux), Can-Te Pe-Ta, 13. John Grass (Blackfoot Sioux) Pe-Ji (Si-Yo Wi-Ki, nickname), 14. Gall (Hunkpapa), Pi-Zi, 15. Louis Primeau, Interpreter, 16. Major James McLaughlin, Agent at Standing Rock.
Fourth Row, Left to Right: Pine Ridge Delegation (All Oglala except two, as indicated) 1. Dog Back, Sun-Ka Tapetu, 2. Standing Soldier, 1st Lieut., Agency Police. 3. Yellow Bear, 4. Little Hawk, Ce-Tan Ci-Ka-La, 5. Little Wound, Ta-Opi Ci-Ka-La, 6. Little Chief, Cheyenne, 7. Pretty Lance (Good Lance), Wa-Kin-Kpe Wa-Ste, 8. Standing Elk, Cheyenne, 9. Fast Thunder, Wa-Kin-Yan Lu-Za-Han, 10. No Flesh, Co-Ni-Ca Wa-Ni-Ca, 11. American Horse, Wa-Si-Cun Ta-Shum-Ke, 12. Capt. George Sword (Indian Police), 13. Plenty Bears, Ma-To O-Ta, 14. Benjamin Rowland, Interpreter (for Cheyennes), 15. Philip Wells, Interpreter, 16. Col. H. D. Gallagher, Agent at Pine Ridge. (There were a number of Northern Cheyenne still living on Pine Ridge in 1888; Little Chief and Standing Elk were their head men. --H. H. A.)
Fifth Row, Left to Right: Cheyenne River, Crow Creek, and Lower Brule Delegations. 1. White Ghost (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 2. Drifting Goose (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 3. Bowed Head (Yanktonai from Crow Creek), 4. Little Bear (Cheyenne River), Mato Cikala, 5. Spotted Elk (Cheyenne River; this Spotted Elk is the "Big Foot" of the Wounded Knee incident), 6. Crow Eagle (Cheyenne River), Kan-Gi Wan-Bli, 7. White Swan (Cheyenne River), Ma-Ga-Ska, 8. Charger (Cheyenne River), Wa-A-Na-Tan, 9. Spotted Eagle (Cheyenne River), Wan-Bli- Gle-Ska, 10. Swift Bird (Cheyenne River), Zi-Tka-La Lu-Za-Han, 11. Little No Heart (Cheyenne River), Can-Te Wa-Ni-Ca Ci-Ka-La, 12. Narcisse Narcelle (Interpreter, Crow Creek Agency), 13. Wm. Larabee (Also spelled Larvie), Interpreter (Crow Creek Agency), 14. Dr C. E. Mc Chesney, Agent at Cheyenne River Agency.
Sixth Row, Left to Right: 1. Mark Wells, Interpreter (Crow Creek), 2. Wm. Carpenter, Capt. of Police Force (Crow Creek), 3. Fire Thunder, Capt. of Police Force (Lower Brule), 4. Medicine Bull (Lower Brule), 5. Bull Head (Lower Brule), 6. Wizi (Lower Yanktonai from Crow Creek). Seventh Row, Left to Right: 1. Major W. W. Anderson, Agent at Crow Creek and Lower Brule, 2. Alec Recontre, Interpreter (Lower Brule Agency), 3. Joe Campbell, Interpreter [Identification by Wrenne, not identified on original].
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.10000525
OPPS NEG.43563
Local Note:
Black and white copy film negative
Place:
D C -- Washington
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Prints
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents:
Photographs of Carlisle by J. N. Choate, three Rosebud Agency photographs by J. A. Anderson, the rest unidentified as to photographer. The photographs probably date between 1880 and 1895.
Catalog Number 4574: Letter of 3/21/58 from Richard A. Pohrt (donor): "...eleven photographs from the Indian School at Carlisle. Pa. These I am certain were all taken by J. N. Choates [Choate], a photographer who had a studio at 21 West Main St., Carlisle, Pa." (1) Carlisle Indian School "The dining hall, Indian Training School" (Original Number 45) Photographer: J. H. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (2) Carlisle Indian School "Sheldon Jackson, John Shields and Harvey Townsend, Pueblos." (Original Number 70) J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (3) Carlisle Indian School "Pine Ridge Boys" (Original Number 155) (caption written by hand) J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (4) Carlisle Indian School "After School; Indian Training School, Carlisle, Pa." (written by hand). (Original Number 163) J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (5) Carlisle Indian School Group of students, presumably of Carlisle School. Labeled on back (by hand) as follows: "No. 1 White Horse Little Bull "No. 2 Calls Horse Looking "No. 3 Brule Iron Eagle Feather "No 4 Stella Berht "No. 5 Rosa White Thunder "No 6 Irene Horse Looking "No 7 Laura Good Nation Compliments of Capt. Pratt, E." J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (?) (6) Carlisle Indian School Group of girls, presumably students at Carlisle School. Labled by hand as follows; left to right, row 1 (kneeling) Emma Hand, Rosa White Bear (dead), Isabella Two Dogs, Louisa Galiego (Pine Ridge). Row 2, (sitting) Carrie Black Bear, Susan Wilson (S sister [?]), Charlotte Four Horn, Esther Side [?] Bear. Row 3 (standing) Katie White Birch, Adelia Low, Victoria Standing Bear, Martha Bordeaux [?], Mose Dion [?]. J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (?). (7) Carlisle Indian School Group of boys, presumably students at Carlisle School. J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (?). (8) "Girl's Quarters, Carlisle Barracks" [Choate Broadside, No 78?] J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (?). (9) "School Rooms, Carlisle Barracks." [Choate broadside, No. 80 ?].
Catalog Number 4574: (10) Carlisle Indian School "Cap't Pratt's House and Chapel." [Choate broadside, No. 82 ?] Captain Pratt near steps. J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (11) Carlisle Indian School (?) "Band of Indian Boys at the Government School, Washington, D. C." ("Popular Series"). Stereoscopic view. Probably copy of Choate No. 76, erroneously labeled. [See Choate broadside, B.A.E. Catalog Number 4241.] J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa (?) (See R. A. Pohrt correspondence, 9/24/59). (12) Tribe: Dakota (Oglalla ?) "High Hawk." Resembles closely the man identified as High Hawk in Signal Corps Photograph at National Archives (No. 101549). Only slight resemblance to S. I. Negative 42,827. He must have been considerably older when the latter was taken if they are the same person. J. N. Choate, Carlisle, Pa. (13) Dakota:Agency Personnel, various agencies Seated left to right: Reverend William J. Cleveland (Episcopal missionary and sometime agent at Rosebud-- See Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 5, page 20 for biography), Captain Richard Henry Pratt (Chairman), and Judge John V. Wright of Tennessee, -- the three composed the 2nd commission to the Sioux, 1888. (For account of the commission see Eastman, "Pratt, the Redman's Moses," University of Oklahoma Press, 1935). (Identified from BAE Negative Number "Portraits 13-b"). No date, but because of the 3 main figures, suggests ca. 1888. Standing. left to right: , (appears third from left in S. I. Negative 43,563-- identified more clearly in original prints of same group National Archives-- N. A. Numbers 86-1, 86-2, 87), Col. H. D. Gallagher, Agent Pine Ridge (same ident. source), Major W. W. Anderson, agent at Crow Creek and Lower Brule; for a Mark Wells see Negative 3307-c, Dr C. E. McChesney, agent at Cheyenne River Agency (Number 14, in row 5.), Major James McLaughlin, Agent Standing Rock Reservation, Col. L. F. Spence, Agent Rosebud Agency (identified from S. I. Negative 43,563). No date, but because of the 3 main figures, suggests ca. 1888.
Catalog Number 4574: (14) Dakota: Agency Personnel Seated: Col. L. F. Spence, Agent at Rosebud, (identified from S. I. Negative 43,563) Standing: unidentified, but compare with 4574: (28), below. (15) Dakota: Pine Ridge Agency Labeled in pencil, "Agent's Dwelling, Pine Ridge Agency, D. T." (Verified by numerous views of the Agency in the National Archives). Two Indian Policemen on porch. Water tower behind house. (16) Dakota: Pine Ridge Agency ? Distant view of Agency, almost certainly Pine Ridge (compare with original prints catalog Number 4464. "Pine Ridge Agency from the North in 1891"). Print marked in pencil, "Fort Niobrara, Nebraska Territory"-- erroneous ? Northwestern Photographic Co, Chadron, Nebraska (17) Dakota: Rosebud Agency "No. 4 St Francis' Mission, Rosebud Agency, S. D., West Side." Church and school, one wing in process of being built. Print not marked. Received in package marked by donor, "J. A. Anderson." (18) Dakota: Rosebud Agency "No 7. Birds-eye view of St Francis Mission. Rosebud Agency, S. D." Print not marked. Received in package marked by donor,"J. A. Anderson." (19) Dakota: Rosebud Agency "No 8. Fathers and Brothers of St Francis Mission. Rosebud Agency, S. D." J. A. Anderson, Rosebud Agency, S. D. (20) Dakota: Rosebud Agency View of Rosebud Agency, and garden, from the South (if 17 above correct). Must have been taken prior to the Anderson photograph, since the new wing is not in evidence. (Identified from 17 and 18.) (21) Dakota: Rosebud Agency Nuns with large group of students in school uniforms, (St Francis Mission, Rosebud Agency ?) Little white girl in front row looks like one in 4574: (32) below, and possibly same as in 4574: (31).
Catalog Number 4574 (22) Dakota: Rosebud Agency "View at Rosebud Agency. May 8th 1892." This series of "row" houses corresponds, perhaps, to ones in J. A. Anderson's Among the Sioux, "A typical Indian Agency" (BAE temporary 77). Note "Police Station " sign. 1892. (23) Dakota: Rosebud Agency Agent's house, Rosebud Agency (identified from Negative Number 43,791-B). Standing in front, left to right: , , Col. L. F. Spence, Agent (identified from S, I, Negative 43,563 and National Archives' prints of same group), , , . (24) Boy on horse in front of agent's dwelling, Rosebud Agency. (House, and thus agency, identified from S. I. Negative 43,791-B and others). (25) Dakota: Rosebud Agency Group of Indian Police, civilian men, women, and children around flag pole in front of agent's house (identified from S. I. Negative 43,791-B), Rosebud Agency. Reverend William J. Cleveland (with whiskers and derby) in back row, 2nd to right of flagpole. (Indentified from BAE Negative Number "Portraits 13-b.") (26) Dakota: Rosebud Agency Distant view of agent's dwelling and unidentified home and/or school to the left of it. Copy in negative catalog made from another original print. See Negative Number 43,791-C.
Catalog Number 4574: (27) Dakota: Rosebud Agency Unidentified home and/or school to left of agent's dwelling (see 4574:(26) above, then 43,791-B), large group of men in front of building. Possibly Reverend William J. Cleveland, (note whiskers) on porch, 3rd from right. (28) Dakota: Rosebud Agency (?) Agency personnel (?), including Indian police. 4th from left, front row: Col. L. F. Spence, Agent at Rosebud (identified from S. I. Negative 43,563). 5th from left, front row: same as man on right in 4574: (14) (?). 2nd from left, 2nd row: same as man on left in 4574: (14) (?). 2nd from right, 2nd row: Thomas Flood, Interpreter (identified from S. I. Negative 43,563). Indentification as Rosebud Agency rests primarily upon the presence of Spence. See Negative Number 45,793-B. (29) Dakota: Rosebud Agency (?) Large building, with chapel, set in open area. Built 1885 (date on front gable). In front are 5 women (one on horse) 3 children, three men; Rev. William J. Cleveland at extreme left (identified from BAE Negative Number "Portraits" 13-b). May be Saint Mary's Mission Boarding School for Sioux Boys and Girls, 12 miles from Rosebud Agency, on Antelope Creek, Dakota Territory, for the following reasons: 1. The building is a self-contained unit--including a chapel--and there are no other buildings in view. 2. The building is dated 1885. Pilling, in Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 5, 1887 states that Cleveland had at that time been principal of Saint Mary's for 2 years, which fits neatly with the 1885 date. (30) Dakota: Rosebud Agency (?) Side view of same building as in 4574: (29). Several women and children in foreground. Reverend William J. Cleveland holding horses (identified from BAE Negative Number "Portraits" 13-b), and one other man. See 4574:(29) above.
Catalog Number 4574: The following photographs (4574: (31-39)), along with a group of similar photographs in the National Archives, seem to establish a consistent pattern in the location and structure of agency school facilities. In general, the schools were small frame buildings, apparently widely scattered over the agencies, each with a small frame house for the teaching couple and family. (31) Dakota: Agency Unidentified Frame school (?) building. In foreground, group of students with teachers (man and woman--and their little girl ?), and Indian police. (32) Dakota: Agency Unidentified Group of students with teachers (man and woman--and their child) in front of frame school (?) house. Also an Indian Policeman. (33) Dakota: Agency unidentified Group of students with teachers (man and woman) and Indian Police in front of frame school (?) house. White man on right appears to be identical with the first man on left in S. I. Negative 43,563, Sioux delegation to Washington, 1888. (34) Dakota: Agency unidentified Group of students with teachers (man and woman) in front of frame school (?) house. Also an Indian Policeman. (35) Dakota: Agency unidentified Frame school (?) building. In foreground a group of students with teacher(s). (36) Dakota: Agency unidentified Frame school (?) with group of students and teacher in the foreground. The teacher is the same as in 4574:(36), as are many of the pupils. (37) Dakota: Agency unidentified Teachers (and their child) with group of students in front of frame school building. (See 4574: (38) for identity as school.) (38) Dakota: Agency unidentified School building (and teachers' dwelling ?) with man, woman, and child (same ones as in 4574: (37) above) in front, and two Indian men at side. 2 duplicate prints.
Catalog Number 4574: (39) Dakota: Agency unidentified Teacher's dwelling-schoolhouse complex with one or two scattered cabins in the foreground. Follows what appears to be the typical pattern of small, widely scattered schools. (40) Dakota: Agency unidentified Frame building. Function ? Odd door on back and man standing in doorway suggest this might be an exterior view of 4574: (41). (41) Dakota: Agency Unidentified Pine Ridge (?) or Rosebud (?) Slaughter house (?), interior view, with three men, one an Indian. One man looks like Col. H. D. Gallagher, Pine Ridge Agent. But the print was among a group of views mainly from Rosebud Agency. (42) Dakota: Agency Unidentified Large group of uniformed Indian Police on horseback in front of frame buildings. Agency might be: 1. Standing Rock ? Man front row, left looks like Red Tomahawk. 2. Pine Ridge ? But the men aren't posed in same area of agency where other PR Police pictures were taken. Also the men in this picture have more uniform uniforms than are shown in PR pictures. (See Original Prints, "temporary" Number 29, and Catalog Number 4544: (59, 60).) 3. Rosebud ? (43) Dakota: Agency Unidentified Indian Police, same uniform, same agency, same building, as 4574: (42). Also additional evidence for identifying Agency as Standing Rock: compare officers to those in BAE Negative Number 3711-e. See Negative Number 45,793. (44) Dakota Badlands scenery. "In general it seems to resemble the badlands of southwestern South Dakota not far distant from Pine Ridge and Rosebud Reservations."--Information from John C. Ewers, 4/5/60.
Biographical / Historical:
Pohrt states, "I believe they were taken about 1890. Some are identified and many are not, but I have reason to believe that the majority were taken on the Rosebud and Pine Ridge Reservations in South Dakota. They are of school children, Indian Police, Agency buildings, etc." See correspondence in Smithsonian Institution-Bureau of American Ethnology files.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4574
Local Note:
Filed: Original Prints: Carlisle Indian School; Dakota.
The bulk of the collection has been digitized and is available online via AAA's website. Use of material not digitized requires an appointment.
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The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Olive Rush papers, 1879-1967. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art.
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Sponsor:
Processing of the collection was funded by the Getty Grant Program; digitization of the collection was funded by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Collection Citation:
Charles Ingram Stanton, Sr., Papers, Acc. NASM.1987.0076, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Judge E. Gorlia's third journey in the Belgian Congo from December 1917 to April 1920.
In eastern Kasai the falls by which the rivers draining the plateau descend from it are not well marked and happens a few yards at a time over several miles. The immediate cause of the difference of rivers level appears to be the hardness of the granitic substratum on which the rivers make a relatively slight impression.
General:
Title source: Archives staff; title not provided by photographer.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection digitized and available online. Use of original records requires an appointment. Contact Archives staff for more details.
Collection Rights:
Permission to reproduce images from the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives must be obtained in advance. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.
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