MS 3941 Materials assembled by Hewitt for preparation of articles in Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30 and for replies to inquires from the public
Collector:
Hewitt, J. N. B. (John Napoleon Brinton), 1859-1937 Search this
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Calendars
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents:
Contents: Adirondack tribe (St Lawrence River) Old Manuscript Number 3553. Adoption Old Manuscript Number 4007. Refers to Algonquian method of counting -only; see Haas note 2/18/72; Old Manuscript Number 3864. "Alligewi"; Animism Old Manuscript Number 3867 and 2842-c, box 6. Blood Indians, origin of name; Brant, Joseph Old Manuscript Number 3874. Chippewa, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3646. Chiefs, function and significance of Old Manuscript Number 2842-c, box 6. Delaware tribe, New Jersey area claimed by Old Manuscript Number 3866. Detroit River, tribes near; Ekaentoton Island-- see Ste. Marie Island Environment (Bulletin 30 draft by O. T. Mason) Old Manuscript Number 4007. Erie, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3646. Erie and Black Mincqua tribes Old Manuscript Number 3586. [Eskimo] Arctic tribes, leaving elderly and sick people to die Old Manuscript Number 3668. Family, Bulletin 30 draft and notes Old Manuscript Number 4011 and 2842-c, box 6. Grand River (Tinaatoua), name of; Hebrew calendar; Hewitt, list of Bulletin 30 articles by Old Manuscript Number 4066. Hoboken, origin of name; Iroquois, "On the Northern and Eastern Territorial Limits of the Iroquoian people, in the 16th Century," and Algonquian tribes, at Chaleur Bay. Iroquois at Gulf of St Lawrence and Bay of Gaspe Old Manuscript Number 3625.
Iroquois, location of Six Nations tribes reservations Old Manuscript Number 3763. Iroquois false face; Iroquois preparation of corn ("as food") Old Manuscript Number 4009. Iroquoian early dress Old Manuscript Number 3660. Iroquoian "Gachoi" tribe, identity of (Correspondence with F. Bogaskie.) Old Manuscript Number 3816. Iroquoian moon names and concept of time; Iroquoian social organization, and place name-name origins; "Man," Iroquoian term for Old Manuscript Number 3781. Iroquoian towns Old Manuscript Number 4006. Kentucky, meaning of the word; Kentucky, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3840. Lenni Lenape, meaning of the word; Logstown-- see Shenango Old Manuscript Number 3773. Lost Ten Tribes as American Indians Old Manuscript Number 3670. Mayan linguistic family and other Mayan linguistic notes including Quiche and Tepehuanan notes Old Manuscript Number 3473. Mexico: idols, sacrifices, etc. Old Manuscript Number 3807. Mexico: Indian languages. Letter from Captain W.E.W. MacKinley Old Manuscript Number 3778. Missouri, Indian village, location of Old Manuscript Number 3944. Mohawk land near Lake Champlain; Mohawk grammar; Montour family, notes for Bulletin 30 Old Manuscript Number 3812. Muskhogean social organization. Letter from J. J. Harrison. Old Manuscript Number 3891. New England tribes Old Manuscript Number 3513.
Niagara, origin of name; "Old Smoke"-- see Sayenqueraghta Old Manuscript Number 3949. Onondaga tribe, text of memorial inscription to, and correspondence Old Manuscript 4391 and 4271- box 1 (part.) Ontwaganha or Toaganha, origin and meaning of name Old Manuscript Number 3864. Owego, meaning of town's name; Pekwanoket tribe (Cape Cod); Pemaquid, Abnaki word and its origin Old Manuscript Number 89. Piasa bird- pictograph formerly near present Alton, Illinois. Article is similar to that by Cyrus Thomas, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 30. Old Manuscript Number 3981. Potawatomi, notes on the name Old Manuscript Number 4034. Potawatomi Green Corn Dance; Roanoke, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3998. Sacagawea, spelling of; St Ignace, 3 settlements (Michigan); St Marie Island or Ekaentoton Island; Sauk, Bulletin 30 article and galley proof, notes Old Manuscript Number 3764. Sayenqueraghta or "Old Smoke" (correspondence with Alanson Skinner) Old Manuscript Number 3949. Scalping Old Manuscript Number 4025. Shenango and Logstown Old Manuscript Number 3773. Sioux, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3624. Society of American Indians, resolutions by thanking General Hugh L. Scott, Fr. Anselm Webber and others Old Manuscript Number 3868. Susquehanna, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3707. Tacoma, origin of name Old Manuscript Number 3470.
Thunderbird, notes on Old Manuscript Number 3552. Tinaatoa-- see Grand River; Toronto, origin of name; Tuscarora villages Old Manuscript Number 3998. Wampum Old Manuscript Number 3998. War club with inscription; West Virginia panhandle tribes Old Manuscript Number 3945. Williams, Eleazer Old Manuscript Number 3998. Women, status of Old Manuscript Number 3566. Wyandots (Huron) List of tribes of which Wyandots of today are constituted. Old Manuscript Number 3774.
Photographs documenting Iroquois people made circa 1897-circa 1937 on and near the Six Nations Reserve by J.N.B. Hewitt, linguist with the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology.
Scope and Contents note:
Hewitt's photos primarily depict Mohawk, Cayuga, Seneca, Onondaga, Tuscarora, Oneida, and Tutelo peoples. There are also a few images of Iroquois houses and other structures, Hewitt's mask collection, and Onondaga Chief John Buck and family, Seneca Chief John Arthur Gibson and family, Cayuga Chief James Jamieson and family, and Cayuga-Seneca Chief Simeon Gibson. Most of the photographs were taken during several trips between 1897 and 1937, on and near the Six Nations Reserve in Ontario (Oshweken, Deseronto, and Brantsford), and New York (Niagara Falls, Nedrow, and Syracuse).
Arrangement note:
For Photo Lot 155 Hewitt's original arrangement and numbering has been maintained. The order of the photographs does not follow the chronology that they were taken; for instance there are often several photographs of an individual that were clearly made in different years. The original negatives also represent a variety of film and camera types.
The arrangement and numbering for MS 4596, established at an unknown time, was maintained.
Biographical note:
J.N.B. (John Napoleon Brinton) Hewitt (December 6, 1859-October 14, 1937) was a linguist and ethnographer who specialized in Iroquoian and other Native American languages. Born on the Tuscarora Reservation near Lewiston, New York, his mother was of Tuscarora, French, Oneida, and Scottish descent. His father's heritage was English and Scottish, but he was raised in a Tuscarora family. Hewitt spoke English growing up, but when he left the reservation to attend schools in Wilson and Lockport, he learned to speak the Tuscarora language from other students. Hewitt grew up planning to become a physician, like his father. However, the course of Hewitt's interests changed when, in 1880, he was hired by Erminnie A. Smith of the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of Ethnology (now the Bureau of American Ethnology) as an assistant ethnologist tasked with collecting myths among the Iroquoian tribes of New York. He continued this work from 1880-1884, and then was briefly employed by the Jersey City Railways Co. (1884-1885) and Adams Express Co. (1885-1886). Upon Smith's death in 1886, Hewitt returned to the BAE to continue her work, remaining employed there until his death.
Over the course of his career, Hewitt became the leading authority on the organization of the Iroquois League and the ceremonials, customs, and usages of the tribes composing it. He acquired an intimate knowledge of the languages of the League, including a speaking knowledge of Mohawk and Onondaga, and also became acquainted with several Algonquian dialects. On February 28, 1914, in recognition of his services in preserving for posterity a knowledge of the history and ethnology of the Iroquoian people of New York state, he was awarded the Cornplanter medal for Iroquois Research.
Additionally, he was a founder of the American Anthropological Association and an active member of the Anthropological Society of Washington and the American Museum of Natural History, serving as both treasurer (1912-1926) and president (1932-1934) of the latter. Hewitt also contributed over one hundred articles for the Handbook of American Indians (Bulletin 30) and published the two volume Iroquoian Cosmology (1903 and 1928).
Photo Lot 155, J.N.B. Hewitt photographs of Iroquois people on the Six Nations Reservation, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
Copy in hand of J.N.B. Hewitt. Also typed copy of first 23 pages.
Also newsclippings on the following: Biographical note on Dr Susan LaFlesche. Biographical note on Miss E. Pauline Johnson, Indian poet. Letter from W.S. Hayward to Mr Geist, relative to his missionary work among the Six Nations (Lancaster, New Era, January 28, 1902). Article on the Iroquois wampum, in New York Tribune Illus. Supplement- includes illustration of Chief John Buck, "of the fourth generation of wampum keepers". Dr Abbott's Lowell Lectures, by Rev Julius H. Ward, from the Christian Union, February 6, 1892. Illus. of Drexel Institute. Distribution of Indians in the United States, with map. The Christian Union, October 10, 1891. Map showing percentage of increase in public school enrollment, 1880-1890, increase of total population, etc. Article on Co-ordination in Education, by Prof. Francis H. Stoddard, of the University of the City of New York. Part of article on Aboriginal Religions of America, showing entrance to ancient Mexican Temple.
The collection consists of a copy of a studio portrait of Onondaga, Mohawk, and Seneca Chiefs with wampum belts, made on September 14, 1871, for Horatio Hale. Includes Joseph Snow (Hahriron), Onondaga Chief; George H. M. Johnson (Deyonhehgon), Mohawk chief, government interpreter and son of John Smoke Johnson; John Buck (Skanawatih), Onondaga chief and hereditary keeper of the wampum; John Smoke Johnson (Sakayenkwaraton), Mohawk chief and speaker of the council; Isaac Hill (Kawenenseronton), Onondaga chief and fire keeper; John Seneca Johnson (Kanonkeredawih), Seneca chief.
Biographical/Historical note:
Horatio Emmons Hale (1817-1896) was an American-Canadian philologist, ethnologist, author, and businessman who studied Native American languages. He published the Iroquois Book of Rites in 1883, which documented the history and rituals of the Iroquois Confederacy based on interpretations of the group's wampum belts. In September 1871, he requested that six Iroquois chiefs, with whom he had worked on the wampum belts, come to the Brantford, Ontario, studio of James N. Edy, where this photograph was made.
Hale later sent the photograph to his colleagues with variations on the following inscription: "The wampum belts were explained to me on the reserve, at the residence of Chief G. H. M. Johnson; and at my request the chiefs afterwards came with me to Brantford, where the original photograph . . . was taken.--H. Hale, Clinton, Ont." The photograph from which this copy print was made originally belonged to J. N. B. Hewitt.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 86-58
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional James N. Edy photographs can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4751 and the BAE historical negatives.
Vocabularies and correspondence by Horatio Hale can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 7235, MS 7236, MS 4558, MS 772-c, MS 4797, MS 4800, MS 7439, MS 7440, MS 7441, MS 3436, MS 1072, the Bureau of American Ethnology Letters Received, and the J.C. Pilling Papers.
Photo Lot 86-58, Copy of James N. Edy photograph of Chiefs of the Six Nations explaining their wampum belts, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Contents: Box 1 Unpublished material (pink slips show parts xeroxed for U. Chodowiec). Box 2 Published and unpublished material. Box 3 Published material (32 AR Bureau of American Ethnology). Box 4 Non Iroquois and miscellaneous material. Box 5 Material identified by Chodowiec: "mostly Curtin's myths rewritten and corrected by Hewitt."
Seneka historical legends and mythic tales in English only, collected on the Cattaraugus Reservation, N. Y., during the summer of 1883 and 1886. 1. The Boy Cared for by a Bear. 18 pages. 2. The Man with the Panther-skin Coat. 10 pages. 3. Hi'-non' Ho-ha-waqk, i. e., The Son of Thunder. 7 pages. 4. The Vampire. 3 pages. 5. The Uncle and his Nephew. 27 pages. 6. A Hunter Persued by a Stone-Coat. 6 pages. 7. The Orphan. 5 pages. 8. The Potent Boy. 8 pages. 9. The Seven Maidens Making Wampum. 7 pages. 10. The Man who was aided by Ga-cyen-de-tha' (Fire-dragon). 15 pages. 11. An Uncle and his Nephew (Second Story). 9 pages. 12. Hi'-non' (Thunder) and the Rattlesnakes. 4 pages. 13. Hagowanen and O-the-gwen'-da' (Flint). 33 pages. 14. Two Boys Carried Off by the Cheroki. 1 1/2 pages. 15. Uncle and Nephew. 7 pages. 16. Netyogwesuk. (? Delaware Story). 5 pages. 17. A Woman's Bear Lover. 7 pages. 18. The Two Brothers. 9 pages. 19. Ga-na, The Seneca War Chief. 7 pages. 20. Twelve Brothers and their Uncle (Great-Head). 6 pages. 21. The Woman who married the Great Snake. 5 pages. 22. Hat-hon-das (The Listener). 13 pages. 23. On-gweq i-as (Man he eats) and his Brother. 7 pages. 24. The Man-eating Wife, the Old Woman and the Morning-Star. 8 pages. 25. Dhadyoendzadases and the Old Woman's Grandson. 7 pages. 26. Ga-no-gwi-o-eon, a War-chief. 6 pages.
27. Bloody-Hand Offered Food to the Animals. 3 pages. 28. The Horned-Snake and the Young Woman. 6 pages. 29. The Great Worm and Grandfather, Thunder. 3 pages. 30. The Senecas at War with the Cheroki. 3 pages. 31. An Owl Story. 5 pages. 32. A Young Man pursued by his Sister-in-law. 5 pages. 33. The Dry Village in the Flood. 7 pages. 34. Ha-tci-non-don, a Chief. 35. The Daughters of Owee Ye-gen-djiq (Swan Mother) and the Son of Doen-djo-wens. 5 pages. 36. The Woman turned into a Snake from eating too much Fish. 2 pages. 37. The Two Sisters Captured by the Cheroki. 3 pages. 38. The Man killed by three Hunters. 4 pages. 39. Grandmother and Grandson. 11 pages. 40. The Race between the Turtle and the Fox. 3 pages. 41. A Dead Man speaks out of the Fire, whereat his mother becomes a bear and pursues his murderer. 8 pages. 42. Da-gwa-no-en-yent and her husband. 7 pages. 43. Ho-da-den-on (Hodadeion). 55 pages. 44. Bald Eagle Sends Mud-turtle around the World. 4 pages. 45. The Grandmother and her Granddaughter. 1 page. 46. Dzogeon and his Uncle. 4 pages. 47. Porcupine's Grandson and the Bear. 11 pages. 48. The Hatiwen-non-da-dye's (Thunders) rescue a woman from Antropophagi. 6 pages. 49. Sha-go-dyo-weq-go-wa. No 1. 3 pages. 50. The Murderous Crow. 4 pages.
74. Seneka Superstitions. 1 page. 75. The Man who became a fish and a Nya-gwai-e-he'. 76. Charm broken by eating an Otter's heart. 4 pages. 77. The Squeezed heart and the Naked Dance. 3 pages. 78. The Poor Hunter and the Little Man. 3 pages. 79. The Owl and the Two Sisters. 3 pages. 80. The Battle With the Great Snake. 2 pages. 81. The Fox and the Rabbit. 2 pages. 82. Da-gwa-no-en-yent. 2 pages. 83. Ongwe i-as and his Brother Dagwano-en-yent. 5 pages. 84. Gen-non' sgwa' (Stone Coat). 1 page. 85. The Gen-non' s-gwa' (Stone Coat) 2 pages. 86. The Gen-non' s-gwa' (Stone Coat). 3 pages. 87. Medicine Men. 2 pages. 88. The Snake with two heads. 2 pages. 89. The Turtle and his forces on the warpath. 5 pages. 90. The Red people and the Senekas. 1 page. 91. Seneka Ghost Story. 1 page. 92. Seneka Witch Story. 1 page. 93. Seneka Witchcraft. 1 page. 94. The Two Brothers. 3 pages. 95. Hotho' (Cold). 1 page. 96. The Story of the Boy and the Chestnuts. 5 pages. 97. Gaq-ga and Sga-ge-diq. 4 pages. 98. The Man who married a Buffalo Woman. 8 pages. 99. Wishakon and his Grandfather Visit Plethoak. 8 pages. 100. Ha-den-the-ni and Ha'-ni-gon-gen-da-tha'. 21 pages. 101. Ho-di-on-skon. 102. The Creation of Man. 2 pages. 103. The Great Bear and the Six Hunters, or the Great Dipper (Constellation).
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 3860
Local Note:
Examined 1971 by Urszula Chodowiec (student of W. N. Fenton and Claude Levi-Strauss) and left with her notes attached in the 5 boxes.
Other Title:
The Boy Cared for by a Bear
The Man with the Panther-skin Coat
Hi'-non' Ho-ha-waqk, i.e., The Son of Thunder
The Vampire
The Uncle and his Nephew
A Hunter Persued by a Stone-Coat
The Orphan
The Potent Boy
The Seven Maidens Making Wampum
The Man who was aided by Ga-cyen-de-tha' (Fire-dragon)
An Uncle and his Nephew
Hi'-non' (Thunder) and the Rattlesnakes
Hagowanen and O-the-gwen'-da' (Flint)
Two Boys Carried Off by the Cheroki
Uncle and Nephew
Netyogwesuk
A Woman's Bear Lover
The Two Brothers
Ga-na, The Seneca War CHief
Twelve Brothers and their Uncle (Great-Head)
The Woman who married the Great Snake
Hat-hon-das (The Listener)
On-gweq i-as (Man he eats) and his Brother
The Man-eating Wife, the Old Woman and the Morning-Star
Dhadyoendzadases and the Old Woman's Grandson
Ga-no-gwi-o-eon, a war-chief
Bloody-Hand Offered Food to the Animals
The Horned-Snake and the Young Woman
The Great Worm and Grandfather, Thunder
The Senecas at War with the Cheroki
An Owl Story
A Young Man pursued by his Sister-in-law
The Dry Village in the Flood
Ha-tci-non-don, a Chief
The Daughters of Owee Ye-gen-djiq (Swan Mother) and the Son of Doen-djo-wens
The Woman turned into a Snake from eating too much Fish
The Two Sisters Captured by the Cheroki
The Man killed by three Hunters
Grandmother and Grandson
The Race between the Turtle and the Fox
A Dead Man speaks out of the Fire, whereat his mother becomes a bear and pursues his murderer
Da-gwa-no-en-yent and her husband
Ho-da-den-on (Hodadeion)
Bald eagle Sends Mud-turtle around the World
The Grandmother and her Granddaughter
Dzogeon and his Uncle
Porcupine's Grandson and the Bear
The Hatiwen-non-da-dye's (Thunders) rescue a woman from Antropophagi
Sha-go-dyo-weq-go-wa
The Murderous Crow
Seneka Superstitions
The Man who became a fish and a Nya-gwai-e-he'
Charm broken by eating an Otter's heart
The Squeezed heart and the Naked Dance
The Poor Hunter and the Little Man
The Owl and the Two Sisters
The Battle With the Great Snake
The Fox and the Rabbit
Da-gwa-no-en-yent
Ongwe i-as and his Brother Dagwano-en-yent
Gen-non' sgwa' (Stone Coat)
The Gen-non' s-gwa (Stone Coat)
Medicine Men
The Snake with two heads
The Turtle and his forces on the warpath
The Red people and the Senekas
Seneka Ghost Story
Seneka Witch Story
Seneka Witchcraft
The Two Brothers
Hotho' (Cold)
The Story of the Boy and the Chestnuts
Gaq-ga and Sga-ge-diq
The Man who married a Buffalo Woman
Wishakon and his Grandfather Visit Plethoak
Ha-den-the-ni and Ha'-ni-gon-gen-da-tha'
Ho-di-on-skon'
The Creation of Man
The Great Bear and the Six Hunters, or the Great Dipper (Constellation).
Morning and evening prayer, the administration of the sacraments, and certain other rites and ceremonies of the Church of England together with hymns: Tr. into Munsee by J.B. Wampum, assisted by H.C. Hogg .
Author:
Church of England Book of common prayer Search this
Includes: Oneida terms; terminology in Requickening and Condolence; Cayuga forms; Wampum of Comfort, D. Thomas; A fragment of Eulogy Chant-1st to 14th chief names; Roll call (Funeral Chant); Roll Call or Eulogy.
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation Search this
Collection Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation Search this
Collection Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this
Container:
Box 544, Folder 5
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1961 - 1982
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation Search this
Collection Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this
Container:
Box 231, Folder 12
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1902-1913, 1919-1926
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation Search this
Collection Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this
Container:
Box 231, Folder 13
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1926 - 1928
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
