Search Results

Creator:

Palmer, Edward, 1829-1911  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Cummings, Byron, 1860-1954  Search this

Photographer:

Jackson, William Henry, 1843-1942  Search this

Martin, Charles  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Wisherd, Edwin L., 1900 -1970  Search this

Mearns, Edgar Alexander, 1856-1916  Search this

Haven, O.C.  Search this

Correspondent:

La Gorce, John Oliver, 1880-1959  Search this

Jeançon, Jean Allard  Search this

Johnson, Merritt S.  Search this

Hobler, Philip M.  Search this

Scott, Hugh Lenox, 1853-1934  Search this

Wissler, Clark, 1870-1947  Search this

Wetmore, Alexander, 1886-1978  Search this

McNitt, Frank  Search this

Morris, Earl Halstead, 1889-1956  Search this

Morley, Sylvanus Griswold, 1883-1948  Search this

Nusbaum, Jesse L. (Jesse Logan)  Search this

Nelson, N. C. (Nels Christian), 1875-1964  Search this

O'Bryan, Deric  Search this

Popenoe, Frederick W.  Search this

Pepper, George H. (George Hubbard), 1873-1924  Search this

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Scofield, Carl S.  Search this

Ruppert, Karl  Search this

Shapiro, Harry L. (Harry Lionel), 1902-1990  Search this

Hewett, Edgar L. (Edgar Lee), 1865-1946  Search this

Hodge, Frederick Webb, 1864-1956  Search this

Allen, Glover M.  Search this

Amsden, Monroe  Search this

Bannister, Bryant  Search this

Breazeale, James Frank  Search this

Brew, J. O. (John Otis), 1906-1988  Search this

Colton, Harold Sellers, 1881-1970  Search this

Conant, Kenneth J.  Search this

Coville, Frederick V. (Frederick Vernon), 1867-1937  Search this

Danson, Beatrice  Search this

Dodge, Richard E.  Search this

Grosvenor, Gilbert H.  Search this

Author:

Walsh, Oscar B.  Search this

Ruppert, Karl  Search this

Blom, Frans  Search this

Marye, William Bose, 1886-1979  Search this

Extent:

18 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Paragonah -- Utah -- archeology

Rainbow Natural Bridge

North Carolina -- Archeology

San Juan County (Utah) -- Archeology

Viriginia -- Archeology

New Mexico -- Archeology

Utah -- Archeology

Walhalla Plateau -- Arizona -- archeology

Delaware -- Archeology

Maryland -- Archeology

Arizona -- Archeology

Chaco Canyon (N.M.) -- Archeology

Date:

circa 1870- circa 1980

bulk 1907-1931

Summary:

The papers of Neil Merton Judd, archeologist and curator in the Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum, were deposited in the National Anthropological Archives at various times during the 1960's and 1970's. Much of Judd's own material was produced as part of his official duties and lie within the public domain. The collection occupies fourteen linear feet of shelf space.

Scope and Contents:

These papers reflect the professional life of Neil Merton Judd (1887-1976), archeologist and curator in the former United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Included are diaries of expeditions, correspondence, field notes, notes, financial records, copies of historical documents, maps, drawings, photographs, and other documents that cover the period from the 1870s to the 1970s. Most of the material, however, is dated between 1907 and 1965.

Of primary concern is Judd's archeological work in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, especially at Pueblo Bonito and other sites in the area of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, which he carried out for the National Geographic Society between 1920 and 1927. Appreciable material concerns the so-called Beam expeditions of 1923, 1928, and 1929 to locate study of tree-rings. Other documents relate to Judd's work in San Juan country, Utah; at Paragonah and other sites in southern Utah; and on the Walhalla Plateau in Arizona. Some correspondences, which Judd carried on with William B. Marye between 1932 and 1949, concern Indian bridges in Maryland and nearby states.

Several other expeditions of which Judd was a member are documented among the papers solely or primarily through photographs. There is little material that reflects Judd's personal life, daily curatorial duties at the United States National Museum, work at Rito de los Frijoles with Edgar L. Hewett in 1910, expedition to Guatemala in 1914, or aerial surveys of old canals in Arizona during the 1929-30.

Among correspondents whose letters are included among the papers are Glover M. Allen, Monroe Amsden, Bryant Bannister, James F. Breazeale, Harold S. Colton, Kenneth J. Conant, Fredrick V. Coville, Richard E. Dodge, Harold S. Gladwin, Gilbert Grosvernor, Edgar L. Hewett, Frederick Webb Hodge, William H. Jackson, Jean A. Jeancon, John O. La Gorce, Frank McNitt, Sylvanus G. Morley, Earl H. Morris, Nels C. Nelson, Jesse L. Nusbaum, Deric O'Bryan, George H. Pepper, Frederick Wilson Popenoe, Frank H. H. Roberts, Karl Ruppert, Carl S. Scofield, Hugh L. Scott, Harry L. Shapiro, Anna O. Shepard, Alfred M. Tozzer, and Clark Wissler. In addition to his own material, Judd also acquired some material from members of his expeditions, especially from Frans Blom, Karl Ruppert, and Oscar B. Walsh. He also collected historical documents and photographs. Among these are copies of documents relating to southwestern archeological explorations of the naturalist Edward Palmer. He also acquired photographs by Walter Hough made in Arizona between 1904 and 1920., photographs taken on the Hyde Exploring Expedition to Chaco Canyon, and miscellaneous photographs made on expeditions of William H. Jackson, Edgar A. Mearns, and others.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

To a degree, the arrangement of the collection is Judd's own. The series titles in quotation marks are Judd's own.

"Pueblo Bonito File"

Chaco Canyon Notes, Notebooks, and Note Cards

Material Relating to Judd's Bureau of American Ethnology Expeditions between 1915 and 1920

"Utah File"

Material Concerning Edward Palmer

Correspondence with William B. Marye

Miscellaneous Correspondence

Manuscripts of Writings

Miscellany

Cartographic Material

Artwork and Photographic Enlargements

Photographs

Biographical Note:

Note: Biographical data and a bibliography of Judd's writings are in the series of miscellany among his papers. For an obituary, see Waldo R. Wedel, "Neil Merton Judd, 1887-1976." American Antiquity, volume 43, number 3 (July 1978), pages 399-404, and J. O. Brew, "Neil Merton Judd, 1887-1976." American Anthropologist, volume 80, number 2 (June 1978), pages 352-54. An obituary prepared by Judd is among the papers.

October 27, 1887 -- Born in Cedar Rapids, Nebraska

1907-08 -- Public school teacher in Utah

1907 -- Student archeologist on Byron Cummings' reconnaissance of White Canyon, Utah

1908 -- Student archeologist on Cummings' reconnaissance of Montezuma Canyon, Utah, and Segi Valley, Arizona.

1909 -- Student archeologist on Cummings' reconnaissance of Segi Valley, Arizona, and the Cummings- Douglass expedition to Rainbow Natural Bridge.

1910 -- Student assistant to Edgar L. Hewett on the Archeological Institute of America's expedition to El Rito del los Frijoles, New Mexico

1911 -- Bachelor of Arts, University of Utah

1911-1917 -- Aid, Division of Ethnology, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution

1913 -- Master of Arts, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

1914 -- Member, Archeological Institute's Fourth Quirigua Expedition to Guatemala; supervised the fabrication of a reproduction model of ruins for the Pacific-California International Exposition, San Diego

1915 -- Archeological reconnaissance of Indian mounds in and near Willard, Beaver City, Paragonah, St. George, Kanab, and Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, and "Spanish Diggings" flint quarries in Wyoming for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1916 -- Reconnaissance and excavations of Indian mounds near Paragonah and in Willard County, Utah, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1916-18 -- Treasurer, American Anthropological Association

1917 -- Director, project for partial restoration of Betatakin ruin, Arizona, for the United States Department of the Interior, and the excavations at Paragonah, Utah, for the Smithsonian and University of Utah

1918 -- Archeological reconnaissance of the Walhalla Plateau, Arizona, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1918-19 -- Assistant Curator, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum

1919 -- Archeological investigations in Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1919-30 -- Curator, American Archeology, Division of Archeology, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum

1920 -- Archeological investigations at Toroweap Valley, Mt. Trumbull, Pariah Plateau, House Rock Valley, Bright Angel Creak, Cottonwood Canyon, and Kanab Creek in Utah and Arizona for the Bureau of American Ethnology and reconnaissance of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, for the National Geographic Society

1920-23 -- Vice President, Anthropological Society of Washington

1921-27 -- Investigations of Pueblo Bonito and nearby ruins in New Mexico for the National Geographic Society

1923 -- Led first Beam expedition to sites in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado, and carried out explorations in San Juan County, Utah, for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society

1925-27 -- Member, Board of Managers, Washington Academy of Science, and President, Anthropological Society of Washington

1925-28 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council

1926 -- Archeological Observations North of the Rio Colorado, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 82, 1926

1927-36 -- Trustee, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico

1928 -- Investigations of Indian burials in rock shelter, Wolf Creek, Russell County, Kentucky, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1929 -- Led Third Beam Expedition to sites in Arizona for the National Geographic Society and reconnaissance of the prehistoric canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1930 -- Aerial surveys of ancient canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys for the Bureau of American Ethnology and the United States Department of War

1930-49 -- Curator, Archeology, United States National Museum

1931 -- Investigations on the Natanes Plateau, Arizona, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1931-32 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council (second time)

1935 -- Smithsonian Institution's delegate to the second assembly, Pan-American Institute of Geography and History

1936-48 -- Advisory Board, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico

1937-39 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council (third time)

1938 -- Married Anne Sarah MacKay

1938-40 -- Member, Board of Managers, Washington Academy of Science

1939 -- President, Society for American Archaeology, and Vice President and Chairman, Section H, American Association for the Advancement of Science

1945 -- President, American Anthropological Association

December 31, 1949 -- Retired from the staff of the United States National Museum

January 1, 1950 -- Honorary Associate in Anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution

1953 -- Awarded the Franklin L. Burr Award of the National Geographic Society

1954 -- The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 125

1958 -- Awarded Certificate of Award of the Smithsonian Institution

1959 -- Pueblo Del Arroyo, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 138, number 1

1962 -- Awarded the Franklin L. Burr Award of the National Geographic Society (second time)

1964 -- The Architecture of Pueblo Bonito, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 147, number 1

1965 -- Awarded the Alfred Vincent Kidder Award of the American Anthropological Association

1966 -- Awarded Special Award of the United States Department of the Interior

1967 -- The Bureau of American Ethnology: A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press

1968 -- Men met along the Trail: Adventures in Archeology, University of Oklahoma Press

December 19, 1976 -- Died

Related Materials:

Additional material in the National Anthropological Archives that relates to Judd can be found among the correspondence files of the Bureau of American Ethnology; files of the Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum, especially those of the Division of Archeology; papers of Frank H.H. Roberts; papers of William B. Marye; American Antiquities permits records of the Anthropological Society of Washington; papers of John P. Harrington; papers of Frank M. Setzler; papers of Henry B. Collins; and records of the American Anthropological Association. Additional photographs that relate to the expeditions of which Judd was a member are in the cataloged and the uncataloged photographs. For example, negatives and other photographic material of the aerial surveys of ancient canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys in Arizona are NAA photographic lot 3.

Restrictions:

The Neil Merton Judd papers are open for research.

Access to the Neil Merton Judd papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Shell heaps  Search this

Dendrochronology  Search this

Bridges -- American Indian  Search this

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Citation:

Neil Merton Judd papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1973-48

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f428d6cb-9985-4deb-9ccd-494ddce47aed

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1973-48

Photographer:

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Names:

Cummings, Byron, 1860-1954  Search this

Hewett, Edgar L. (Edgar Lee), 1865-1946  Search this

Kidder, Alfred Vincent, 1885-1963  Search this

Extent:

46 Prints (silver gelatin)

Culture:

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Ute  Search this

Indians of North America -- Great Basin  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Photographs

Place:

Arizona

Utah

Date:

1907-1909

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs made by Neil Merton Judd documenting expeditions and sites in Utah and Arizona, including Augusta Bridge, Rainbow Bridge, Monument Valley, and Navajo Mountain. The photographs also include images of expedition parties from the University of Utah expedition to White Canyon in 1907 (including members Byron Cummings, Dr. E. L. Hewitt, Rev. F. F. Eddy, Fred Scranton, John C. Brown, Neil Judd, Dan Perkins, and Joseph Driggs); Dr. Alfred V. Kidder and "Old Mack" at the University of Utah excavations under Byron Cummings at Alkali Ridge; John Wetherill and Navajo people at his trading post in Oljeto, UT; and the Cummings-Douglass pack train making its way to Rainbow Bridge.

Biographical/Historical note:

Neil Merton Judd (1887-1976) first studied archeology under his uncle, Byron Cummings, at the University of Utah in 1907. He participated in Cummings' expeditions to White Canyon, Utah (1907); Segi Valley, Arizona (1908); Montezuma Canyon, Utah (1908); and the Cummings-Douglass expedition to Rainbow Natural Bridge (1909). After graduating from the University of Utah (1911), Judd was hired as an aid in anthropology at the Smithsonian's United States National Museum, later becoming assistant curator (1918) and curator of American archeology (1930). Between 1915 and 1920, he conducted numerous archeological investigations in Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico for the Bureau of American Ethnology and the United States National Museum. With the support of the National Geographic Society, from 1920 until the 1950s he worked at Pueblo Bonito and other Chaco Canyon sites.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 4757

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Related photographs from the Cummings expedition held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot R4758.

The National Anthropological Archives holds Neil Merton Judd's papers.

Additional photographs by Judd held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 3, Photo Lot 93, and Photo Lot 24.

Other materials relating to Judd held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 7201, MS 2920, MS 4357, MS 7451, MS 4036, MS 7253, Science Service Records, and Records of the Department of Anthropology.

Correspondence from Judd held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4821, Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Society for American Archaeology records, and collections of personal papers.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo Lot 4757, Neil Merton Judd photographs of expeditions in Utah and Arizona, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.4757

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a6ed3a78-7aa5-4726-8b2d-5991ab95a1de

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-4757

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum Department of Anthropology Division of Archeology  Search this

Jochelson, Waldemar I.  Search this

Bernheimer, Charles L.  Search this

Colburn, Burnham S.  Search this

Featherstonehaugh, Thomas  Search this

Geist, Otto William  Search this

Hill, A. T.  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Langford, George Langford  Search this

Montgomery, Henry  Search this

Moore, Clarence B. (Clarence Bloomfield), 1852-1936  Search this

Pittier, Henri F.  Search this

Stebbins, F. B.  Search this

Artex, Charles Artes (archeological collector)  Search this

Beckwith, C. W.  Search this

Branch, C. W.  Search this

Hempstead, F. S.  Search this

Pillars, James  Search this

Price, Governor  Search this

Squier, Ephraim George  Search this

Davis, Edwin Hamilton  Search this

Riaboushinsky Expedition. Ethnological Section  Search this

Collector:

Colburn, Burnham S.  Search this

Photographer:

Hillers, John K., 1843-1925  Search this

Jackson, William Henry, 1843-1942  Search this

Matteson, Sumner W.  Search this

Mearns, Edgar S.  Search this

Mindeleff, Victor, 1860-1948  Search this

O'Sullivan, Timothy H., 1840-1882  Search this

Names:

Wetherill, Richard -- Mancos Canyon, Colorado  Search this

Extent:

1,600 Items

Culture:

Tlingit -- burials  Search this

Cherokee  Search this

Unangan (Aleut)  Search this

Arctic peoples  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographic prints

Negatives

Photomechanical prints

Tintypes

Drawings

Clippings

Notes

Letters

Place:

Massachusetts -- Dighton Rock

Alabama -- 1931 -- Moundville

Alabama -- Archeology

Alaska -- Archeology

Arizona -- Archeology

Arkansas -- Archeology

California -- Archeology

Colorado -- Archeology

Connecticut -- Archeology

Delaware -- Archeology

Florida -- Archeology

Georgia -- Archeology

Illinois -- Archeology

Indiana -- Archeology

Iowa -- Archeology

Kansas -- Archeology

Kentucky -- Archeology

Maryland -- Archeology

Maine -- Archeology

Massachusetts -- Archeology

Michigan -- Archeology

Minnesota -- Archeology

Mississippi -- Archeology

Missouri -- Archeology

Nebraska -- Archeology

Nevada -- Archeology

New Jersey -- Archeology

New Mexico -- Archeology

New York (State) -- Archeology

North Carolina -- Archeology

North Dakota -- Archeology

Ohio -- Archeology

Oklahoma -- Archeology

Oregon -- Archeology

Pennsylvania -- Archeology

South Carolina -- Archeology

Tennessee -- Archeology

Texas -- Archeology

Utah -- Archeology

Virginia -- Archeology

Washington -- Archeology

Costa Rica -- Archeology

British Columbia -- Antiquities

Canada -- Archeology

New Zealand -- Archeology

Nova Scotia -- Archeology

Pacific Islanders -- Archeology

West Indies -- Archeology

Date:

1870s-1930s

Scope and Contents:

The material consists mostly of photographic prints. A few negatives, photomechanical prints, tintypes, drawings, newspaper clippings, notes, and letters are also included. Much of the material is annotated. In part, the file was assembled for or relates to many accessions and cataloging units of the division.

The material was received from professionals and amateurs, mostly working in North America. The images are of artifactual and skeletal specimens, fradulent specimens, collections of specimens, sites, excavations, site features, ruins, petroglyphs, and field parties. A few are reproductions of maps and portraits of native people. Some of the specimens are in the Smithsonianʹs collections, but many are not.

Included among the many subjects are photographs of Dighton Rock in Massachusetts; many ruins of the 1931 Moundville, Alabama, excavation; Tlingit burial boxes; excavations, specimens, and Aleut portraits taken by Waldemar I. Jochelsonʹs Ethnological Section of the Riaboushinsky Expedition, 1909-1912; Richard Wetherillʹs party in Mancos Canyon, Colorado, and F. S. Hempsteadʹs Archaeological and Topographic Map of Portsmouth," [Ohio].

Some of the material relates to the work of Charles L. Bernheimer in Utah, Burnham S. Colburn in Georgia and North Carolina, Thomas Featherstonehaugh in Florida, Otto William Geist in Alaska, A. T. Hill in Nebraska, Walter Hough in Arizona (for the Gates-United States National Museum Expedition, 1901), George Langford in Illinois, Henry Montgomery in North Dakota, Clarence B. Moore in Florida, Henri F. Pittier in Costa Rica, and F. B. Stebbins in Tennessee. Collections are those of Charles Artes (filed Indiana), Thomas Beckwith (filed Missouri), C. W. Branch (filed West Indies), Burham S. Colburn Cherokee relics (filed North Carolina), James Pillars (filed Ohio), Governor Price (frauds from New Mexico), Ephraim George Squier and Edwin Hamilton Davis (filed Ohio).

The material is from Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas Utah, Virginia, Washington, Costa Rica, British Columbia, Canada, New Zealand, Nova Scotia, South Pacific, and West Indies.

The works of many photographers are included. Among them are John K. Hillers, William Henry Jackson, Sumner W. Matteson, Edgar A. Mearns, Victor Mindeleff, and Timothy H. OʹSullivan.

Arrangement:

(1) Frauds; (2) petroglyphs (3) general

Topic:

Archeology -- artifacts -- skeletal specimens -- frauds -- collection -- sites -- Excavations -- Petroglyphs  Search this

Archeology -- frauds -- New Mexico  Search this

Archeology -- Alabama  Search this

Archeology -- Arizona  Search this

Archeology -- Alaska  Search this

Archeology -- Arkansas  Search this

Archeology -- California  Search this

Archeology -- Colorado  Search this

Archeology -- Connecticut  Search this

Archeology -- Delaware  Search this

Archeology -- Florida  Search this

Archeology -- Georgia  Search this

Archeology -- Illinois  Search this

Archeology -- Indiana  Search this

Archeology -- Iowa  Search this

Archeology -- Kansas  Search this

Archeology -- Kentucky  Search this

Archeology -- Maryland  Search this

Archeology -- Maine  Search this

Archeology -- Massachusetts  Search this

Archeology -- Michigan  Search this

Archeology -- Minnesota  Search this

Archeology -- Mississippi  Search this

Archeology -- Missouri  Search this

Archeology -- Nebraska  Search this

Archeology -- Nevada  Search this

Archeology -- New Jersey  Search this

Archeology -- New Mexico  Search this

Archeology -- Archeology  Search this

Archeology -- North Carolina  Search this

Archeology -- North Dakota  Search this

Archeology -- Ohio  Search this

Archeology -- Oklahoma  Search this

Archeology -- Oregon  Search this

Archeology -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Archeology -- South Carolina  Search this

Archeology -- Texas  Search this

Archeology -- Utah  Search this

Archeology -- Virginia  Search this

Archeology -- Washington  Search this

Archeology -- Costa Rica  Search this

Archeology -- British Columbia  Search this

Archeology -- Canada  Search this

Archeology -- New Zealand  Search this

Archeology -- Nova Scotia  Search this

Archeology -- Oceania  Search this

Archeology -- West Indies  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographic prints

Negatives

Photomechanical prints

Tintypes

Drawings

Clippings

Notes

Letters

Citation:

Photo lot 40, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.40

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3413cc2cb-bf9c-41d2-bd29-5e2c850d63d9

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-40

Photographer:

Young, Stuart M.  Search this

Names:

Cummings, Byron, 1860-1954  Search this

Hewett, Edgar L. (Edgar Lee), 1865-1946  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Extent:

132 Copy prints

Culture:

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Hopi Pueblo  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Copy prints

Photographs

Place:

Arizona

Hopi Indian Reservation (Ariz.)

Utah

Date:

1909

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs made by Stuart M. Young on the Byron Cummings expeditions to northern Arizona and southern Utah in 1909. They document Hopi houses, dances, and ceremonies; Navajo Indians near Bluff City, Utah; John Wetherill, Hoskinine Begay, and Ida Wetherill near Wetherill's home in Oljeto, Utah; scenery; and archeological sites. Images of archeological sites include cliff dwellings and kivas at Sosa Canyon, Neet Se Canyon, and Sega Canyon (Betatakin, Keet Seel, and Round Man House, possibly in or near Sega Canyon). Also depicted are expedition party members Byron Cummings, Don Beauregard, John Wetherill, Malcom Cummings, Doc Blum, Neil Judd, Dr. E. L. Hewitt, Ida Wetherill, Mrs John Wetherill, W. B. Douglass, Ned English, Dan Perkins, Jack Kenan, Vern Rogerson, and Stuart M. Young.

Biographical/Historical note:

Stuart M. Young (1890-1972), grandson of Brigham Young, was a student and photographer on the Byron Cummings expedition in 1909.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot R4758

Reproduction Note:

Copy prints made at Smithsinian Institution, 1966, from a total of 175 copy negatives lent by University of Utah, Department of Anthropology, through Jesse D. Jennings.

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Related photographs of the Cummings expeditions by Neil Merton Judd held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 4757.

The Northern Arizona University Cline Library holds the Stuart M. Young photograph collection, 1909-1954.

Contained in:

Numbered manuscripts 1850s-1980s (some earlier)

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

This copy collection has been obtained for reference purposes only. Contact the repository for terms of use and access.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo Lot R4758, Stuart M. Young photographs relating to Cummings expeditions to Arizona and Utah, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.R4758

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw314b9db73-4bee-45ce-aede-8231d0481ec9

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-r4758

Donor Name:

William M. Davidson  Search this

Object Type:

Bowl

Place:

Mcelmo, San Juan County, Utah, United States, North America

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

020725

USNM Number:

A134931-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/34d7da3e2-abd0-4e8d-b817-62eff461e4eb

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8013803

Collaborator:

McElwee, Ross  Search this

Blitz, Daniel  Search this

Bishop, John Melville  Search this

Baker, Peter  Search this

Ritchie, Claire  Search this

Young, Robert  Search this

Terry, John  Search this

Galvin, Frank  Search this

Bestall, Clifford  Search this

Gardner, Robert  Search this

Asch, Timothy, 1932-1994  Search this

Marshall, Lorna  Search this

Creator:

Marshall, John, 1932-2005  Search this

Extent:

2 Boxes (map drawers)

3 Video recordings (published videos or video series)

99 Linear feet (714,405 feet (332 hours) 16mm film, 435 hours video tape, 309 hours audio tape, 21 published film and video titles, 29 unpublished film and video titles, 14 linear feet paper records)

Culture:

San (African people)  Search this

Bushman  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Video recordings

Documentary films

Place:

Namibia

Date:

1950-2000

Summary:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection contains full film and video projects (outtake material), film production elements and edited films and videos, audio tapes, still photographs, negatives, transparencies, slides, published and unpublished writing by John Marshall and others, study guides for edited films, Nyae Nyae Development Foundation and Advocacy files, maps, and production files that include letters, shot logs, translations, transcriptions, editing logs, treatments, and proposals spanning from 1950-2000. This material comprises Marshall's long-term documentary record of the Ju/'hoansi of the Nyae Nyae region of the Kalahari Desert in northeastern Namibia. A great deal of the film and video footage focuses on one particular extended family, that of Toma Tsamko, whose ancestral home is at /Gautcha, an area with a large salt pan and a permanent waterhole. The life stories of some family members are captured in the footage; appearing as children in the 1950's, middle-aged parents in the 1980's, and pensioners in the final years of visual documentation. The Marshall Collection also documents other Ju/'hoansi living in Nyae Nyae and elsewhere, their relationships with neighboring ethnic groups, and national politics that affected Ju/'hoansi. Marshall also documented the local political body (the Nyae Nyae Farmers' Cooperative, or NNFC), the foundation he started (the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation of Namibia, or NNDFN), and the ways in which both groups worked with and were affected by international development organizations and foreign aid during the 1990's.

Scope and Contents:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection contains full film and video projects (outtake material), film production elements and edited films and videos, audio tapes, still photographs, negatives, transparencies, slides, published and unpublished writing by John Marshall and others, study guides for edited films, Nyae Nyae Development Foundation and Advocacy files, maps, and production files that include letters, shot logs, translations, transcriptions, editing logs, treatments, and proposals spanning from 1950-2000.

This material comprises Marshall's long-term documentary record of the Ju/'hoansi of the Nyae Nyae region of the Kalahari Desert in northeastern Namibia. A great deal of the film and video footage focuses on one particular extended family, that of Toma Tsamko, whose ancestral home is at /Gautcha, an area with a large salt pan and a permanent waterhole. The life stories of some family members are captured in the footage; appearing as children in the 1950's, middle-aged parents in the 1980's, and pensioners in the final years of visual documentation. Beginning in 1978, Marshall often conducted lengthy and in depth interviews with many family members, in which they reflect on past, present, and future, and often comment on specific film footage from earlier years which was shown to them during the interviews. The collection is not limited to the /Gautcha family, however; it also documents other Ju/'hoansi living in Nyae Nyae and elsewhere, their relationships with neighboring ethnic groups, and national politics that affected Ju/'hoansi. Marshall also documented the local political body (the Nyae Nyae Farmers' Cooperative, or NNFC), the foundation he started (the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation of Namibia, or NNDFN), and the ways in which both groups worked with and were affected by international development organizations and foreign aid during the 1990's. The collection also documents changes to the landscape and wildlife of the Nyae Nyae region.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 13 series: (1) Unedited Film and Video Projects, 1950-1978, 1981-2003; (2) Published Films and Videos, 1952-2002; (3) Unpublished Films and Videos, 1959-1962, circa 1965; (4) Audio, 1950s, 1978-1990; (5) Field Notes, Shot Logs, Translations, 1951-2000; (6) Production Files, 1952-2004; (7) Correspondence, 1968-2003 [bulk 1993-2000]; (8) Nyae Nyae Development Foundation & Advocacy Files, 1975-2003 [bulk 1984-2003]; (9) Published and Unpublished Writing, 1957-1958, 1980-1999, 2007; (10) Study Guides, 1974, 1982; (11) Writings by Others & Press, 1952-1953, 1965-2005; (12) Photographs, 1930s, 1946-2003; (13) Maps, 1872, 1879, 1914, 1933-1989.

Biographical / Historical:

John Marshall, filmmaker and activist, was born on November 12, 1932 in Boston, Massachusetts. He grew up in Cambridge, Massachusetts and on his family's farm in Peterborough, New Hampshire. Marshall first picked up a camera in 1950, at the age of 18, during the first of several expeditions to the Kalahari organized by his father, Laurence Marshall, the founding president of the Raytheon Corporation. The whole Marshall family - including John's mother, Lorna, and sister, Elizabeth Marshall Thomas - became engaged in a multi-disciplinary study of the Ju/'hoansi. Marshall's father assigned him the task of making a documentary film record of Ju/'hoan life and culture. Between 1950 and 1958, he shot over 300,000 feet of 16mm film (157 hours).

Marshall formed a close bond with many of his Ju/'hoan subjects, particularly with Toma "Stumpy" Tsamko, leader of the /Gautcha band. Amongst Ju/'hoansi, Marshall was known as Toma Xhosi, Toma "Longface". Probably because of this close relationship, he was forced to leave South West Africa in 1958 after his visa expired, and was not allowed back for twenty years.

During the 1960's and 1970's, Marshall became well-established as a cinema vérité filmmaker. After leaving the Film Study Center at Harvard, which he had co-directed with Robert Gardner, he worked briefly with Robert Drew and D.A. Pennebaker, and later collaborated with Fredrick Wiseman on Titicut Follies (1967). He forged friendships with leading documentary and ethnographic filmmakers, including Timothy Asch, Ricky Leacock, and Jean Rouch.

Throughout these years, Marshall continued to work with his extensive footage of Ju/'hoansi. He completed 15 short films, as well as the award-winning Bitter Melons. In 1968, Marshall partnered with Tim Asch to found Documentary Educational Resources (DER), to distribute and support the creation of ethnographic and educational film.

In 1978 Marshall was allowed to return to Nyae Nyae to shoot N!ai, the Story of a !Kung Woman. Finding his Ju/'hoan friends beset by illness, poverty, and growing social ills, John turned his attentions to development and advocacy work. Virtually abandoning his filmmaking career, Marshall started a foundation to assist Ju/'hoansi and spent most of the 1980's helping them establish water access, subsistence farming, and a local government. He began using film as an advocacy tool, and released several urgent, issuefocused videos to raise awareness of the Ju/'hoan struggle for self-determination.

Marshall continued his documentary record of Ju/'hoansi, directing his final shoot in 2000. A Kalahari Family (2002), his epic six-hour series, tells the story of the Ju/'hoansi from 1950-2000 and charts Marshall 's evolution from filmmaker to activist. He made his final visit to Nyae Nyae in 2004, and continued his advocacy work right up to his final days. John Marshall died due to complications from lung cancer on April 22, 2005.

John Marshall Chronology

1932 -- Born in Boston, Massachusetts

1950-1958 -- Marshall Family expeditions to study the Ju/'hoansi of Nyae Nyae

1957 -- Awarded B.A. in Anthropology from Harvard University The Hunters released

1958-1960 -- Associate Director (with Robert Gardner) of the Film Study Center, Peabody Museum, Harvard University

1960 -- Awarded G.S.A.S. in Anthropology from Yale University

1960-1963 -- Director, Bushmen Film Unit, Harvard University

1962 -- Sha//ge Curing Ceremony (early version of A Curing Ceremony), A Group of Women and Joking Relationship screened at Flaherty Seminar

1964-1965 -- Cameraman for NBC covering civil war in Cyprus

1966 -- Awarded M.A. in Anthropology from Harvard University

1967 -- Cameraman and Co-Director of Fredrick Wiseman's Titicut Follies

1968 -- Founded Documentary Educational Resources (DER) with Timothy Asch (first known as CDA, Center for Documentary Anthropology)

1968-1969 -- Cameraman and Director of film shoots for the Pittsburgh Police series, produced through the Center for Violence Studies at Brandeis University

1970-1974 -- Edited and released numerous short films, from both Ju/'hoan (!Kung) and Pittsburgh Police series

1972 -- Collaborated with Nicholas England (musicologist) on a film project documenting a family of drummers in Ghana (this film was never completed)

1972-1973 -- Travel to Botswana to film National Geographic's Bushmen of the Kalahari, produced by Wolper Productions

1974 -- If It Fits, documentary on failing shoe industry in Haverhill, MA, released

1976 -- Director and cameraman of film shoots for Smithsonian Festival of American Folklife

1978 -- Film shoot in Nyae Nyae for N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman

1980 -- N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman released and broadcast on PBS as partof the Odyssey series

1980-1982 -- Conducted genealogical survey in Nyae Nyae with Claire Ritchie

1982 -- Founded the Ju/wa Cattle Fund (later known as the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation of Namibia)

1985 -- Pull Ourselves Up or Die Out, Marshall's first "field report" edited on video, released

1989 -- Returns to Boston after Namibian independence

1991 -- To Hold Our Ground, another "field report" is aired on Namibian television shortly before a national Land Rights Conference

1993 -- The Cinema of John Marshall published

1995 -- Awarded Honorary M.F.A. from Rhode Island School of Design

2000 -- Final video shoot in Nyae Nyae

2002 -- A Kalahari Family premieres at the Margaret Mead Film Festival in New York City; released for general distribution in 2003

2004 -- Makes final visit to Nyae Nyae; presents proposal for water point protections

2005 -- Dies in Boston, Massachusetts

Orthography Note:

Ju/'hoansi are the speakers of the Ju/'hoan language. Various cultural descriptors used over the years include !Kung which is a language group containing three dialect groups, one of which is the Ju/'hoansi; San, which is now regarded by the Ju/'hoansi to have negative connotations; and Bushman, which ironically (given the derogatory history of this term) is now preferred by the Ju/'hoansi as a term of dignity. (Orthography information provided by Dr. Polly Wiessner, University of Utah anthropologist and longtime field worker among and researcher of the Ju/'hoansi.)

The orthography of the Ju/'hoan language has changed many times, though an official orthography was agreed upon and accepted by the Namibian government in 1991. The finding aid, cataloging records, and shot logs for the Marshall collection at Human Studies Film Archives continue to use the orthography used by the Marshall family beginning in 1950. These spellings are usually anglicized versions of the official orthography. For example, the name ≠Oma was usually rendered by the Marshalls as Toma; the place name /Aotcha as /Gautcha or Gautscha.

The majority of the footage was shot in a region of Namibia (formerly South West Africa) known as Nyae Nyae. In the 1960's, a portion of the Nyae Nyae area was officially established as a homeland for Ju/'hoansi by the South West African administration. This area, once called Eastern Bushmanland, is now known as Eastern Otjozondjupa, however it is still referred to as Nyae Nyae by Ju/'hoansi and others. The Nyae Nyae Conservancy, which encompasses a large portion of Eastern Otjozondjupa, was established in 1996.

Filmography:

JU/'HOAN BUSHMAN FILM SERIES

1952 -- First Film [also known as !Kung Bushmen of the Kalahari] (by Lorna Marshall)

1957 -- The Hunters

1959 -- A Curing Ceremony

1961 -- A Group Of Women

1962 -- A Joking Relationship

1966 -- !Kung Bushmen Hunting Equipment (directed by Lorna Marshall)

1969 -- N/um Tchai: The Ceremonial Dance of the !Kung Bushmen

1969 -- An Argument About A Marriage

1970 -- The Lion Game

1970 -- The Melon Tossing Game

1971 -- Bitter Melons

1972 -- Debe's Tantrum

1972 -- Men Bathing

1972 -- Playing With Scorpions

1972 -- A Rite of Passage

1972 -- The Wasp Nest

1974 -- Baobab Play

1974 -- Children Throw Toy Assegais

1974 -- The Meat Fight

1974 -- Tug-Of-War

1980 -- N!ai, the Story of a !Kung Woman

1985 -- Pull Ourselves Up Or Die Out

1990 -- To Hold Our Ground: A Field Report

1991 -- Peabody Museum !Kung San Exhibit Video

2002 -- A Kalahari Family

In addition to Marshall's many published films on the Ju/'hoansi, he was also involved in a variety of other film projects. He shot and co-directed Titicut Follies, a film by Fredrick Wiseman. Working in association with the Lemburg Center for Violence Studies at Brandeis University, he shot and directed a series of short films about a police squad in Pittsburgh, PA, known as the Pittsburgh Police series. He also shot and directed If It Fits, a film about the failing shoe industry in Haverhill, MA. Marshall was also the subject of two television programs: Bushmen of the Kalahari, a National Geographic special which aired in the United States, and a Japanese program called Forty Years in the Kalahari, part of the television series, Our Wonderful World. All of these, as well as Marshall's Ju/'hoan films, are included in this filmography.

PITTSBURGH POLICE SERIES

1970 -- Inside/Outside Station 9

1971 -- Three Domestics

1971 -- Vagrant Woman

1972 -- 901/904

1972 -- Investigation of a Hit and Run

1973 -- After the Game

1973 -- The 4th, 5th, & Exclusionary Rule

1973 -- A Forty Dollar Misunderstanding

1973 -- Henry Is Drunk

1973 -- The Informant

1973 -- A Legal Discussion of a Hit and Run

1973 -- Manifold Controversy

1973 -- Nothing Hurt But My Pride

1973 -- Two Brothers

1973 -- $21 or 21 Days

1973 -- Wrong Kid

1973 -- You Wasn't Loitering

OTHER FILMS

1967 -- Titicut Follies (Co-Director, Cinematographer; film by Fredrick Wiseman)

1972 -- Ghana Drumming (uncompleted; collaboration with Nicholas England)

1974 -- Bushmen of the Kalahari (by Wolper Productions for National Geographic)

1975 -- Vermont Kids (series of short films; released in 2007)

1976 -- Festival of American Folklife (uncompleted; shot for Smithsonian Institution)

1978 -- If It Fits

1988 -- Our Wonderful World: Forty Years in the Kalahari (by Nippon A-V Productions)

Related Materials:

The Human Studies Film Archives holds several related collections, including:

• The Nicholas England Collection, which consists of audio recordings from 1951-1961. This collection contains both originals and duplicates of audio tapes recorded during the Marshall Expeditions. (2005.9) • The Journal of Robert Gesteland, kept during the Marshall !Kung Expedition VI, 1957-58. (2007.17) • Master copies of the full film record of Bushmen of the Kalahari (1974), a television program featuring John Marshall's 1973 visit to the /Gwi San of Botswana, produced by Wolper Productions for National Geographic. (2008.12) • Reference copies of the full video record of Our Wonderful World: Forty Years in the Desert, Nippon A-V's 1988 Japanese television program about John Marshall and the Ju/Wa Bushman Development Foundation. (2009.2.1) • Master copies of the videotape "library" kept by John Marshall for reference and stock footage purposes. Compiled from various sources, the videos include news programs, documentaries, and raw footage of Ju/'hoansi and other San peoples from the 1920's --1990's, as well as interviews with John Marshall and his mother, Lorna Marshall. (2009.2) • Additional audio recordings, including interviews with Ju/'hoansi made by John Marshall and others. (2009.3) • Full film record of [Ghana Drumming, 1972], an uncompleted project undertaken by John Marshall and Nicholas England, which documents a family of musicians. (2008.11)

The Papers of Timothy Asch, held at the National Anthropological Archives, contain information on Asch's work with John Marshall at Harvard University from 1959-1963, their collaboration in founding DER, and details on the use of Marshall's Ju/'hoan footage in the development of MACOS (Man, A Course of Study).

There are also several closely related collections held at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. These collections relate to the 1950's Marshall Expeditions and include: Expeditionary Notebooks and Journals of Lorna and Laurence Marshall; Journal of Elizabeth Marshall Thomas; the Marshall Family Photograph Collection; and the Records of the South West Africa Expeditions, 1950- 1959. The Harvard Film Archive, Harvard University, holds film prints of several of Marshall's published films on the Ju/'hoansi, including The Hunters.

Provenance:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection was received over several years of accessioning from different parties.

Restrictions:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection is open for research. Please contact the Archives for availabilty of access copies of audio visual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played. Materials relating to Series 6 Production Files are restricted and not available for research until 2048, 2063, 2072. Kinship diagrams in Series 13 are restricted due to privacy concerns. Various copyrights and restrictions on commercial use apply to the reproduction or publication of film, video, audio, photographs, and maps.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use. Information on reproduction and fees available from repository.

Topic:

Anthropology  Search this

Genre/Form:

Documentary films

Citation:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection, 1950-2000, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Finding aid has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.

Identifier:

HSFA.1983.11

See more items in:

John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman film and video collection

Archival Repository:

Human Studies Film Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pc9837628c2-5993-4cb8-8a98-9d1139f46452

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-hsfa-1983-11

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-11-21T20:18:28.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_R90pg0v3hrw

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. National Museum of Natural History. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this

Mason, Otis Tufton, 1838-1908  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Williams, Talcott  Search this

Hawley, Edwin H.  Search this

Wilson, Thomas  Search this

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

41 Linear feet

Culture:

Luiseno  Search this

Sac and Fox (Sauk & Fox)  Search this

Iroquois  Search this

Baubi  Search this

Niitsitapii (Blackfoot/Blackfeet)  Search this

Eskimos  Search this

Innuit  Search this

Jamomadi  Search this

Kiowa  Search this

Mission  Search this

Moro  Search this

Naltunnetunne  Search this

Pygmies  Search this

Tesuque  Search this

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Modoc  Search this

Wichita  Search this

Osage  Search this

Dyak  Search this

Fox  Search this

Haida  Search this

Makah  Search this

Maya  Search this

Carib  Search this

Shuar/Achuar  Search this

Pueblo  Search this

Mi'kmaq (Micmac)  Search this

Seminole  Search this

Nanticoke  Search this

Seri  Search this

Pomo  Search this

Chinook  Search this

Washo Indians  Search this

Nez Percé Indians  Search this

Shoshone  Search this

Kuna (Cuna)  Search this

Bannock  Search this

Omaha  Search this

Cochiti Pueblo  Search this

Yavapai  Search this

Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee)  Search this

Lenape (Delaware)  Search this

Sauk  Search this

Mojave (Mohave)  Search this

Hupa  Search this

Caddo  Search this

Klamath  Search this

Onondaga  Search this

Maidu  Search this

Oto  Search this

Tolowa  Search this

Wintun  Search this

Samoan  Search this

Cossacks  Search this

Arabs  Search this

Diegueño Indians  Search this

Goajira  Search this

Hittites  Search this

Kabyles  Search this

Kirghese  Search this

Luiseño Indians  Search this

Maori (New Zealand people)  Search this

Wichí (Mataco)  Search this

Narragansett  Search this

Parsee  Search this

Quichua  Search this

Quinaielt  Search this

Tonga?  Search this

Tulalip  Search this

Dayak (Indonesian people)  Search this

Samoans  Search this

Indians of North America -- California  Search this

Wintu  Search this

Arctic peoples  Search this

Indians of North America -- Subarctic  Search this

Indians of North America -- Great Basin  Search this

Indians of North America -- Northwest Coast of North America  Search this

Quinault  Search this

Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this

Indians of North America -- Plateau  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Inuit  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Letters

Notes

Drawings

Maps

Photographs

Printed materials

Processed materials

Paper specimens

Reports

Manuscripts

Catalogs

Motion pictures (visual works)

Bibliographies

Place:

British Columbia

District of Columbia

Europe

Hawaii

India

Iran

Ireland

Japan

Korea

Madagascar

Madeira Islands

Micronesia

Mongolia

Morocco

New Guinea

Papua New Guinea

Peru

Nubia

Puerto Rico

Spain

Tahiti

Philippines

Thailand

Texas

Utah

Virginia

Date:

1840s

1860-1962

1972

1997

Scope and Contents:

For those who are searching for anthropologically substantive materials, special note should be made of the Manuscript and Pamphlet File. A potpourri of documents, the file includes correspondence, notes, drawings, maps, photographs, printed and processed materials, paper specimens, reports, writings, catalogs, motion picture film (now in the Smithsonian's Human Studies Film Archives), bibliographies, and other types of documents. Of concern is a wide variety of subjects such as anthropological specimens, museology and museums, Smithsonian history, archaeological and ethnological methods, exhibits, expeditions, history of anthropology, and so forth.

The file seems to have been maintained in the Division of Ethnology — in one document it was referred to as Herbert W. Krieger's morgue — and the subject matter is largely ethnological. Nevertheless, some documents relate to archeology and physical anthropology. The file also contains administrative materials, such as records relating to the Department of Anthropology's use of Work Projects Administration workers during the 1930s. In addition, the file is the main location of materials not generally accepted as being strictly anthropological in the modern sense. It includes, for example, material on period costumes, fish and fisheries, whaling, religions, armor, biblical studies, modern appliances, the seal industry, European music and musical instruments, lace, aeronautics, and other similar subjects. In addition, the file includes sets of papers of Edwin H. Hawley ,Walter Hough, Otis T. Mason, Talcott Williams and Thomas Wilson. Some documents, both primary and secondary research materials, concern the following cultural groups and geographic areas: Arabs, Bannock, Baubi, Blackfoot, British Columbia, Caddo, Carib, Chinook, Cochiti, Comanche, Cossacks, Cuna, Delaware, Diegueño, District of Columbia, Dyak, Eskimo, Europe, Fox, Goajira, Haida, Hawaii, Hittites, Hupa, India, Innuit, Iran, Ireland, Jamomadi, Japan, Jivaro, Kabyles, Kiowa, Kirghese, Klamath, Korea, Luiseño, Madagascar, Madiera, Maidu, Makah, Maori, Mataco, Maya, Micmac, Micronesia, Mission, Modoc, Mohave, Mongolia, Moro, Morocco, Naltunnetunne, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Navaho, New Guinea, Nez Perce, Nubia, Omaha, Onandaga, Osage, Oto, Papua, Parsee, Pawnee, Peru, Philippines, Pomo, Pueblo, Puerto Rico, Pygmies, Quichua, Quinaielt, Samoa, Sauk, Seminole, Seri, Shoshoni, Spain, Tahiti, Tesuque, Thailand, Texas, Tolowa, Tonga, Tulalip, Utah, Virginia, Washo, Wichita, Wintun, Yavapai, and Zuni.

The manuscript and pamphlet file is virtually a potpourri of documents, including correspondence, notes, drawings, maps, photographs, printed and processed materials, paper specimens, reports, writings, catalogs, motion picture film, bibliographies, and other types of documents. Of concern is a wide variety of subjects such as anthropological specimens, museology and museums, Smithsonian history, archeological and ethnological methods, exhibits, expeditions, history of anthropology, and so forth. The file seems to have been maintained in the Division of Ethnology--in one document it was referred to as being Herbert W. Krieger's morgue--and the subject matter is largely ethnological.

Some documents, however, concern archeology and physical anthropology. The file also contains some administrative materials--records relating to the Department of Anthropology's use of Work Projects Administration workers, for example. In addition, it is the main location of materials not generally accepted as being strictly anthropological in the modern sense. It includes, for example, material on the First Ladies' Gown exhibit now in the National Museum of American History, fish and fisheries, whaling, religions, armour, biblical studies, modern appliances, the seal industry, European music and musical instruments, lace, aeronautics, and other similar subjects.

The file includes the papers of many different persons. The file also includes sets of papers of Otis Tufton Mason, Walter Hough, Talcott Williams, Edwin H. Hawley, and Thomas Wilson. It includes documents, sometimes of a secondary nature, about the following cultural groups and geographic areas; Arabs, Bannock, Baubi, Blackfoot, British Columbia, Caddo, Chinook, Cochiti, Comanche, Cossacks, Cuna, Delaware, Diegueno, District of Columbia, Dyak, Eskimo, Europe, Fox, Goajira, Haida, Hawaii, Hittites, Hupa, India, Innuit, Iran, Ireland, Jamomadi, Japan, Jivaro, Kabyles, Kiowa, Kirghese, Klamath, Korea, Luiseno, Madagascar, Madeira, Maidu, Makah, Maori, Mataco, Maya, Micmac, Micronesia, Mission, Modoc, Mohave, Mongolia, Moro, Morocco, Naltunnetunne, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Navaho,

New Guinea, Nez Perce, Nubia, Omaha, Onandaga, Osage, Oto, Papua, Parsee, Pawnee, Peru, Philippines, Pomo, Pueblo, Puerto Rico, Pygmies, Quichua, Quinaielt, Samoa, Sauk, Seminole, Seri, Shoshoni, Spain, Tahiti, Tesuque, Thailand, Texas, Tolowa, Tonga, Tulalip, Utah, Virginia, Washo, Wichita, Wintun, Yavapai, and Zuni.

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Aeronautics  Search this

Lace and lace making  Search this

Musical instruments  Search this

Seal industry  Search this

Electric apparatus and appliances  Search this

Fish and fisheries  Search this

First Ladies' Gowns  Search this

Whaling  Search this

Religions  Search this

Armor  Search this

Biblical studies  Search this

Tipai-Ipai  Search this

Shoshone  Search this

Lenape  Search this

Mi'kmaq  Search this

Otoe  Search this

Pueblo  Search this

Eskimo ?  Search this

Meskwaki; Sauk & Fox  Search this

Blackfeet  Search this

Indians of North America -- Northeast  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southern states  Search this

Genre/Form:

Letters

Notes

Drawings

Maps

Photographs

Printed materials

Processed materials

Paper specimens

Reports

Manuscripts

Catalogs

Motion pictures (visual works)

Bibliographies

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.XXXX.0311, Subseries 17.1

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b2f3180c-4348-4175-ab6f-c61e477eafc5

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref53

Creator:

Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930  Search this

Photographer:

Beam, George L. (George Lytle), 1868-1935  Search this

Gill, De Lancey, 1859-1940  Search this

Higley, Elmer Ellsworth  Search this

McKee, Thomas M., 1854-1939  Search this

Poley, H. S. (Horace Swartley)  Search this

Rowland, Wesley R.  Search this

Wittick, Ben, 1845-1903  Search this

Artist:

Gill, Mary W.  Search this

Mullett, G. M.  Search this

Extent:

9 Prints (cromolithograph)

40 Prints (circa, halftone)

77 Prints (circa, albumen)

84 Drawings (visual works) (circa 84 drawings (some mechanically produced))

1,655 Prints (circa, silver gelatin)

71 Copy negatives

43 Copy prints

363 Negatives (photographic) (circa, nitrate)

7 Paintings (visual works)

1 Print (cyanotype)

1 Print (photogravure)

1 Postcard (collotype)

Culture:

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Hopi Pueblo  Search this

Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Huastec  Search this

Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Drawings (visual works)

Copy negatives

Copy prints

Negatives (photographic)

Paintings (visual works)

Postcards

Photographs

Place:

Tennessee -- Antiquities

Stikine River (B.C. and Alaska)

South Carolina -- Antiquities

New Mexico -- Antiquities

Huasteca Region (Mexico)

Maryland -- Antiquities

Louisiana -- Antiquities

Alabama -- Antiquities

Arizona -- Antiquities

Colorado -- Antiquities

Cahokia Mounds State Historic Park (Ill.)

Florida -- Antiquities

Mexico -- Antiquities

Hovenweep National Monument (Utah and Colo.)

Utah -- Antiquities

Mesa Verde National Park (Colo.)

Navajo National Monument

Casa Grande (Ariz.)

Date:

circa 1890-1928

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs and drawings mostly relating to archeological subjects, collected and arranged by Jesse Walter Fewkes for his reference. Subjects include burial mounds, excavations, drawn maps, as well as urns, implements, idols, pottery, and other artifacts found in excavations, and Hopi, Zuni, and Piegan ceremonies and dances. Many of the photographs and drawings were probably made by Fewkes. Publication information is noted on some. The collection also includes newspaper clippings and correspondence.

Photographs were taken in Alabama, Arizona (including Casa Grande, Elden Pueblo, Navajo National Monument, and Wupatki National Monument), Colorado (including Mesa Verde and Montezuma Valley), Florida (including Weeden Island), Illinois (Cahokia Mound), Louisiana, Maryland, Mexico (including La Huasteca Region), Mississippi Valley, New Mexico (including Chaco Canyon, Hawikuh, and Mimbres Valley), South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Utah (including Hill Canyon, McElmo Canyon, and McLean Basin Ruins), Hovenweep National Monument, the West Indies (including Puerto Rico, Santo Domingo, and Cuba), and West Virginia.

Biographical/Historical note:

Jesse Walter Fewkes (1850-1930) was a naturalist, anthropologist, and archeologist, and chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1918 to his death in 1928. Fewkes received a Ph.D. in marine zoology from Harvard in 1877, and acted as curator of lower invertebrates at the Museum of Comparative Zoology until 1887. While on a collecting trip in the western United States, he developed an interest in the culture and history of the Pueblo Indians. In 1891, Fewkes became director of the Hemenway Southwestern Archeological Expedition and editor of the Journal of American Archeology and Ethnology, studying and recording Hopi ceremonials. In 1895, he embarked on various archeological explorations for the Bureau of American Ethnology, excavating ruins in the Southwest, the West Indies, and Florida. He was appointed chief of the Bureau in 1918, and played an important role in the creation of Hovenweep National Monument in Colorado and Wupatki National Monument in Arizona.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 4321

Location of Other Archival Materials:

The National Anthropological Archives also holds the Jesse Walter Fewkes Papers (MS 4408), his photographs of excavations in Mesa Verde (Photo Lot 30), his negatives (Photo Lot 86), and other manuscript collections by and related to Fewkes' ethnological research and archeology and his work with the Bureau of American Ethnology.

Correspondence from Fewkes held in the National Anthropological Archives in the George L. Beam papers (MS 4517), the Henry Bascom Collins, Jr. papers, the Anthropological Society of Washington records (MS 4821), the Herbert William Krieger papers, the J.C. Pilling papers, the Walter Hough Papers (in the records of the Department of Anthropology), and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology.

The anthropology collections of the National Museum of Natural History hold artifacts collected by Fewkes, including USNM ACC 048761 (relating to Casa Grande excavations) and USNM ACC 050765 (relating to Mesa Verde excavations).

Restrictions:

Original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this

Burial  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo Lot 4321, Jesse Walter Fewkes photograph collection relating to archaeological subjects, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.4321

See more items in:

Jesse Walter Fewkes photograph collection relating to archaeological subjects

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw326ec7376-28c6-4b70-ad07-f145221fcf18

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-4321

Creator:

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Correspondent:

American Association of Physical Anthropologists  Search this

Names:

American Journal of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Army Medical Museum (U.S.)  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Institute of Population  Search this

International Congress of Americanists  Search this

Panama-California Exposition (1915 : San Diego, Calif.)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology. Division of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

206.71 Linear feet (294 boxes, 138 folders, 9 rolled items, and 4 folios)

Culture:

Indians of North America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Saint Lawrence Island (Alaska) -- Archaeology

Australia

Alaska -- Archaeology

Mexico -- Anthropology

Florida -- Archaeology

Egypt -- Archaeology

Czechoslovakia

Peru -- Physical anthropology

Kodiak Island (Alaska)

Date:

1875-1966

bulk 1903-1943

Summary:

The papers of Aleš Hrdlička, curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, offer considerable insight into the development of physical anthropology in the first half of this century. The papers include honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). In addition, there is material of a personal nature. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the USNM.

Scope and Contents:

This collection is comprised of both professional and personal materials. The professional material includes honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). The personal material primarily consists of correspondence with his first wife (Marie Dieudonnée Strickler) and other family members, but there are also financial records. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Hrdlička investigated all major questions confronting physical anthropologists of his day (the fossil record of early humans, the arrival of humans in the Americas, human variation, evolution, and eugenics) and made valuable contributions in all these areas. Hrdlička's interests in the establishment of physical anthropology as a distinct and important field, the welfare of the Czech people, early hominids, and variation within the human species are all documented in the collection as are the services he performed for various United States government agencies. He pursued field studies in many different parts of the world, but there are relatively few field notes as such among his papers. There is instead the edited journal "My Journeys," photographs, and physical anthropological forms. There is also relatively little material on his administrative involvement in the USNM. There is no material from Hrdlička's time at the Pathological Institution of the New York State Hospitals; after he resigned, fire destroyed the anthropological records Hrdlička collected as a member of the staff. There are materials in the collection which contradict, or at least complicate, many long-held criticisms of Hrdlička, particularly claims that he was racist and opposed feminist ideas. The collection contains materials of interest to genetic research, including anthropometric measurements, hair clippings and fingerprints.

There are a few items in the collection which are dated earlier than the collection's date span. These are publication dates, and the folders containing the items have been dated accordingly, but they have not affected the dates of the series or collection. There are also a few items which are dated after Hrdlička's death. These dates reflect the fact that the collection was added to by the Department of Physical Anthropology after Hrdlička's death and have been taken into account when formulating dates for the series and collection.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 37 series:

(1) Miscellaneous Personal Papers, 1875-1940

(2) Early Personal Correspondence, 1883-1919

(3) Correspondence, 1885-1953

(4) News Clippings and Printed Matter, 1893-1953

(5) Financial Papers, 1910-1943

(6) Journeys to the Southwestern United States and Mexican Indians, 1898-1919

(7) Journeys to the Dakota, Chippewa, Kickapoo, and Shawnee, 1916-1917

(8) Florida Survey, 1918, 1918-1927

(9) Alaska Archeological Expeditions, 1912-1938 (bulk 1926-1938)

(10) Panama-California Exposition Expeditions, 1912-1914

(11) Journey to Egypt, Europe, and Russia, 1908-1909

(12) Journey to South America, 1910, 1910-1912

(13) Journey to the Far East, 1920, 1900-1930

(14) Journey to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe, 1924-1925

(15) Anthropometric Measurements of Indians Taken at the United States National Museum, 1904-1905, most undated

(16) Bone Studies, 1893-1929, most undated

(17) Old Americans, 1914-1930

(18) Children Who Run on All Fours, 1928-1936

(19) Early Man Studies, 1906-1930

(20) European Ethnic History, 1908-1938

(21) Miscellaneous Research Notes, 1887-1930

(22) Manuscripts of Writings, 1901-1944, most undated

(23) Writings by Other Authors, 1877-1942

(24) Anthropometry, undated

(25) "From My Journeys", 1898-1938

(26) -- American Journal of Physical Anthropology -- , 1918-1931

(27) American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 1924-1931

(28) International Congress of Americanists, 1900-1928

(29) Institute of Population, 1942

(30) Department of Anthropology, 1914-1943

(31) Lecture Notes, 1920-1932

(32) Maps and Charts, 1900-1932

(33) Miscellany, 1895-1954

(34) Index Cards, 1899-1948

(35) Bibliographic Index, undated

(36) Physical Anthropology Folios, undated

(37) Photographs, 1887-1944

Biographical Note:

Aleš Hrdlička was born in Bohemia in 1869 and came to America when he was thirteen. As a young man, he was trained in medicine at New York's Eclectic Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College, receiving degrees from each. His first professional work was as a private practitioner, but he gave that up in 1894 when he joined the staff of the New York State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. There, in addition to other duties, he began studies of the physical characteristics of inmates. This set in motion developments that would eventually lead him to become one of the world's most prominent anthropologists who has sometimes been referred to as "the founder of physical anthropology in America."

In 1896, in preparation for a research appointment with the Department of Anthropology in the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, Hrdlička went to Paris and studied with Leon Manouvrier. After his return to America, he worked for a short period with the Pathological Institute and came into contact with G.S. Huntington of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Hrdlička arranged and studied Huntington's large collection of skeletal material, thus gaining knowledge of a well-documented collection representing largely normal persons of European ancestry. He came to the attention of Frederic Ward Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, who arranged for his first anthropological field studies.

It was thus that Hrdlička became a member of the Hyde Expeditions to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. In 1898, he traveled to Mexico with Carl Lumholtz to study the Tarahumaras, Huichols, and neighboring tribes. In subsequent years, he returned to Mexico and the Southwest alone and studied physical characteristics and medical conditions of several American Indian tribes. With this experience and examinations of the Trenton and Lansing skeletal material for Putnam, Hrdlička came fully into the world of anthropology. In 1903, he was appointed head of the newly formed Division of Physical Anthropology in the United States National Museum.

While in his position at the Smithsonian, Hrdlička returned to the Southwest for studies of Pima and Apache children in 1905 and, in the following year, traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1908, he worked among a number of Indian tribes, including the Menominee, Oglala Dakota, Quinailt, Hupa, and Mohave, in a study of tuberculosis among them. In 1909, he traveled to Egypt with an expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in order to study living Egyptians and to examine remains of Egypt's past population. The following year took him to Argentina, Peru, and Mexico. In the first of these, he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley.

From 1912-1914, Hrdlicka undertook a physical anthropological exhibit for the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego and, for this, traveled to eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Peru, and Florida. He also examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed field work of other anthropologists in South and East Africa, St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, the Philippines, eastern Siberia, and the Ukraine. In 1915, for the Department of Justice, he assessed the racial makeup of Chippewas on the Leech Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota and also studied Dakota Indians. In 1917, his field work was directed toward white American families with longtime residence in the United States. In 1918, he carried out a survey of ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1920, he traveled to Hawaii, Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in connection with an appointment to lecture at the Peking Union Medical College. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. In 1925, he carried out work in India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, South Africa, and Europe. In 1927, he was again in Europe to deliver the Huxley Memorial Lecture before the Royal Anthropological Society in Great Britain. Between 1929 and 1938, he traveled frequently to Alaska to carry on an anthropological survey. In 1939, he traveled to Russia and Siberia.

Beginning with much of the skeletal collection of the Army Medical Museum, which had been transferred to the Smithsonian in 1898 before he was appointed there, Hrdlička amassed a bone collection that included, among many other specimens, the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. Over three hundred publications resulted from his study of this material, his field work, and his study of specimens in other museums. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from examinations of human remains for law enforcement officials to providing information and opinions concerning national origins and traits that were needed to interpret laws and form foreign policy. During World War II, he also advised government officials on policies to be pursued with certain national groups following the war.

In 1918, Hrdlička founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and remained its editor until 1942. In 1928, he was the major force behind the organization of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and served as its president from 1928 to 1932. He was also president of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1907, the American Anthroplogical Association from 1925 to 1927, and the Washington Academy of Sciences from 1928 to 1929. He was chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1918 and secretary of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council in 1917. From the 1920s to the 1940s Hrdlicka was a member of the American Eugenics Society and prepared exhibits for various eugenics congresses. In addition, Hrdlička was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists.

Chronology

1869 March 29 -- Alois Ferdinand Hrdlička (Aleš Hrdlička) born in Humpolec, Bohemia

1882 September -- Emigrated to New York City

1888 -- While stricken with typhoid, met M. Rosenbleuth, a physician who arranged for Hrdlička to enroll at the Eclectic Medical College of New York City

1892 -- Enrolled in the New York Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital Published first article, "Scheme of Examination (Medical)," Publications of the Eclectic Medical College Graduated first in his class from the Eclectic Medical College

1894 -- Graduated first from his class from the Homeopathic Medical College Became research intern at the State Homeopathic Hospital for the Insane in Middletown, New York, where he began his studies in physical anthropology Passed state board examination (allopathic)

1895 -- Joined staff of the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals as associate in anthropology

1896 -- Studied anthropology under Leon Manouvrier in Paris

1896 August 6 -- Married Marie Stickler (Dieudonnée)

1898 March-July(?) -- Accompanied Carl Lumholtz on his expedition to northern Mexico, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and visited the Tarahumara, Huichol, and Tepecan Indians

1899 Spring -- Resigned from the Pathological Institute to take charge of physical and medical anthropological research on the Hyde Expeditions of the AMNH to the southwestern United States

1899 August -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to excavate the site of Pueblo Bonito and to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; visited Grand Gulch caves in southern Utah; included visits to the Navahos and southern Utes

1900 -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; included visits to the Apaches, Yumas, and Pueblo Indians

1902 January-September -- Hyde expeditions for AMNH to southwestern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico to conduct somatological surveys; included visits to the Tepecanos, Papagos, Opatas, Pimas, Yaquis, Mayos, Huichols, Otomis, Tepehuanes, Maricopas, Yumas, Yavapais, Paiutes, Walapais, and Havasupais

1902 October-December -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Mexico for Hrdlička to complete his somatological investigations; included visits to the Tepehuanes, Coras, Huichols, "Nahuas," "Aztecs," and Tarascans

1903 May 1 -- Became assistant curator in charge of the new Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution

1905 -- Expedition under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology to Arizona and New Mexico to complete the observations on the tribes of this region; Hrdlička especially studied Apache and Pima Indian children

1906 February -- Expedition to western Florida to investigate remains of alleged ancient man

1907 -- President of the Anthropological Society of Washington

1908 -- Expedition to Indian schools and reservations in Wisconsin, Washington, California, Arizona, and South Dakota to study tuberculosis for a report to the International Congress of Tuberculosis

1908 December - 1909 May -- Traveled to Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Bohemia, Russia, Poland, and Germany to examine human skeletal remains from an excavation in Egypt by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and to study peoples of the Near East

1910 March 28 -- Promoted to curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology

1910 April-September -- Attended the 17th International Congress of Americanists in Buenos Aires and Mexico City Traveled to Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, and Panama

1912 -- Planned and directed seven expeditions for the physical anthropology exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition held at San Diego in 1915; expeditions included Hrdlička to Siberia and Mongolia and later to Peru; Riley D. Moore to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; Philip Newton to the Philippine Islands; Vojtech Suk to Africa; Stanislaw Poniatowski to eastern Siberia; Kazimir Stolyhwo to the Birusa caves in Siberia and to the Ukraine; and Jindřich Matiegka to Bohemia

1912 May-Summer -- Traveled to London to attend 18th International Congress of Americanists Traveled to Siberia and Mongolia for the Panama-California Exposition

1912 September -- Traveled to Geneva for the 14th International Congress of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology

1913 January-April -- Expedition to Peru as part the effort for the Panama-California Exposition

1914 November 18 - 1915 January 18 -- Attended Panama-California Exposition

1915 May -- Research for the Department of Justice at the White Earth and Leech Lake reservations in Minnesota to determine non-Indian mixture among Chippewas

1915 December -- Served as General Secretary for the 19th International Congress of Americanists held in Washington

1916 Fall -- Traveled to Florida to examine remains of supposed ancient man

1917 March-July -- Served as Secretary on the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council

1917 Summer -- "Old American" research at Yale University, Harvard University, and the University of Virginia and in Tennessee

1917 August -- Sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, traveled to Oklahoma to visit the Shawnee Agency in eastern Oklahoma and the Kickapoo Indians in McCloud to search for adequate samples of pure blood Indians

1918 -- Elected to the American Philosophical Society Served as Chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and became its long-time editor Surveyed prehistoric sites on the southwest coast of Florida

1918 October 8 -- Death of his wife Marie

1920 -- Anthropometry published by the Wistar Institute Elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1920 Summer -- Married Mina (Vilemina) Mansfield

1920 January-May -- Visited Japan, Korea, Manchuria, northern China, Mongolia, and Hawaii Lectured at Peking Union Medical College in China

1920 Fall -- Visited Minnesota Chippewa (at the White Earth Reservation?) to help the Department of Justice setter the question of mixed and pure bloods among the Chippewa

1921 -- Elected to the National Academy of Sciences

1922 -- Visited Spain, France, Germany, Moravia, and England Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from the University of Prague Chairman of the American delegation to the 20th International Congress of Americanists in Rio de Janiero

1923 -- Served three and one-half months as Director of the American School in France for Prehistoric Studies Visited England, Holland, Belgium, France, Germany, Bohemia, Austria, Croatia, and Italy

1925 -- The Old Americans published by Williams and Wilkins Co.

1925 March-October -- Traveled to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe on a trip sponsored by the Buffalo [New York] Society of Natural Science to obtain cranial measurements of Australian aborigines and Tasmanians, to investigate the Rhodesian Man site in South Africa, to survey the field of early man, and to collect data to support his hypothesis about the peopling of the Earth

1925-1926 -- President of the American Anthropological Association

1926 -- Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from University of Brno and D.Nat.Sc. degree from Brunn University

1926 May-September -- First fieldwork in Alaska: reconnaissance down the Yukon River to its mouth, around the Bering Sea and through the Bering Strait along the Alaskan coast to Point Barrow

1927 -- Received Huxley Memorial Medal and gave Huxley Lecture on "the Neanderthal Phase of Man" before the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1928 -- Helped found the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA)

1928-1929 -- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences

1928-1932 -- Served as first president of the AAPA

1929 -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Yukon River from Tanana to its mouth, to St. Lawrence and the Diomede Islands, to Cape Prince of Wales, up to Point Barrow and back to Unalaska Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from Charles University, Prague

1930 -- Published The Skeletal Remains of Early Man, Vol. 83 Smithsonian Miscellaneous collections Published "Anthropological Survey in Alaska," Forty-sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 21-374

1930 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Kuskokwim River from Bethel down river to Apogak and up river to Stony River

1931 -- Children Who Run on All Fours published by McGraw-Hill Book Co.

1931 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1932 -- Kober Foundation lecturer of Georgetown University

1932 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1934 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed Cooks Inlet sites and the mainland opposite the Our Point site

1935 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site

1936 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed the Dutch Harbor caves, some of the Aleutian Islands, and the mummy cave on Kagamil Island

1937 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands and Commander Islands

1938 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands, Dutch Harbor caves, and Commander Islands

1939 April 4 -- Testimonial dinner given by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in honor of his 70th birthday

1939 April-June -- Recuperated in London hospital after suffering a coronary occlusion

1942 March 31 -- Retired from curatorship at United States National Museum, becoming an associate in anthropology

1942 December -- Resigned as editor of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology

1943 -- Alaska Diary published by Cattell Press

1943 September 5 -- Died of heart attack

1944 -- Anthropology of Kodiak Island published by Wistar Institute

1945 -- The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants published by Wistar Institute

1969 -- Tenth Anthropological Congress of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences dedicated to Hrdlička in the 100th anniversary year of his birth

Selected Bibliography

1908 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Bulletin 34, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908.

1912 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Early Man in South America. Bulletin 52, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912.

1919 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physical Anthropology: Its Scope and Aims. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1919.

1920 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropometry. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1920.

1925 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Old Americans. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1925.

1930 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Skeletal Remains of Early Man. Vol. 83, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. City of Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1930. Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropological Survey in Alaska. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930.

1931 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Children Who Run on All Fours, and Other Animal-like Behaviors in the Human Child. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1931.

1943 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Alaska Diary, 1926-1931. Lancaster, PA: The Jacques Cattell Press, 1943.

1944 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropology of Kodiak Island. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1944.

1945 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945.

Related Materials:

Additional material in the National Anthropological Archives relating to Aleš Hrdlička can be found in the papers of William Louis Abbott, Henry Bascom Collins, Herbert William Krieger, and Frank Spencer; records of the American Anthropological Association, Bureau of American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Science Service, Anthropological Society of Washington, and the United States Army Medical Museum (anatomical section, records relating to specimens transferred to the Smithsonian Institution); and glass negatives of Indians collected by the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution illustrations.

Additional related photographs can be found in Photo Lot 8, Division of Physical Anthropology collection; Photo Lot 9, Photographs of Indians for the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego; Photo Lot 24, Bureau of American Ethnology, United States National Museum photographs of American Indians; Photo Lot 70, Department of Anthropology portrait file; Photo Lot 78, Miscellaneous negatives; Photo Lot 97, Division of Ethnology collection ("USNM" Collection); Photo Lot 73-26B, Aleš Hrdlička photographs relating to the Panama-California Exhibition; Photo Lot 73-26G, Miscellany; Photo Lot 77-48, Group portraits of International Congress; Photo Lot 79-38, Division of World Archeology collection; Photo Lot 83-41, Division of Physical Anthropology collection of photographs of human bones; and Photo Lot 92-46, Anthropology lantern slides.

Related films can be found in the Human Studies Film Archive under the accession numbers HSFA 1982.2.1, 1982.2.2, 1986.12.1, and 2015.13.1.

Hrdlička's extensive collection of reprints is maintained in the Division of Physical Anthropology.

Frank Spencer's doctoral dissertation "Aleš Hrdlička, M.D., 1869-1943: A Chronicle of the Life and Work of an American Physical Anthropologist" (1979) is the only book length biography of Hrdlička. The Frank Spencer papers, 1836-1999, are available at the NAA and contain original correspondence between Hrdlička and his first wife, Marie Strickler; his childhood report card from 1869; copies of family photos obtained from Lucy Miller, Hrdlička's niece; and an audio recording of Hrdlička speaking at Wistar Institute.

Further material may be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

The University of Alaska Anchorage holds diaries relating to Hrdlička's Expeditions to Alaska in 1936, 1937, and 1938 in the Alan G. May papers. The finding aid for this collection is avialable online at https://archives.consortiumlibrary.org/collections/specialcollections/hmc-0690/ and a trascription of May's diaries from the expeditions is available online at https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/11850

Provenance:

Hrdlička bequeathed his papers to the Smithsonian Institution. The Division of Physical Anthropology maintained them until they were deposited in the National Anthropological Archives in the 1960s. Some papers have come into the collection since then, most recently in 2018. These new accretions came to the collection through Donald Ortner, David Hunt, T. Dale Stewart, the Department of Anthropology, and the University of Alaska.

Restrictions:

The Aleš Hrdlička papers are currently restricted pending ethics review. Please contact the archive to discuss access or request an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Human evolution  Search this

Physical anthropology  Search this

Children -- Physical anthropology  Search this

anthropometry  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Fossil hominids  Search this

Citation:

Aleš Hrdlička papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

The Repatriation Office, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, provided funds for the arrangement and description of the Aleš Hrdlička papers

Identifier:

NAA.1974-31

See more items in:

Aleš Hrdlička papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d88b75be-491f-4f90-b56a-104765d885eb

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1974-31

Extent:

111.5 Linear feet

Note:

The collection is stored off-site. Advanced notice is required to view the collection.

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1970 - circa 1990

Scope and Contents:

With the passage of federal environmental and cultural heritage legislation during the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, archaeological investigations were required before federal land could be disturbed for construction projects. Reports of these investigations, often conducted by archaeological contactors, were generally published in processed rather than printed form. The multiliths, electrostats, dittographs, and so forth are referred to as "grey literature." Access to them is sometimes difficult because many libraries decline to collect them.

Included are reports on archaeological work in Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, California, Canada (Alberta), Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Massachusetts, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, Nevada, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennesee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virgin Islands, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Provenance:

The collection was formed largely from four sources: (1) Smithsonian curators, who received contract archaeology reports and passed them on to the NAA; (2) the NAA, which was on the mailing list of some contractors; (3) the Smithsonian Anthropology Library, which turned over its collection to the archives; (4) the National Park Service archaeology program in Washington, D.C., which also placed its collection in the NAA

Restrictions:

The Archaeology reports and related material collection is open for research.

Access to the Archaeology reports and related material collection requires and appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Citation:

Archaeology reports and related material collection, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1976-028

See more items in:

Archaeology reports and related material collection

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw337cd7520-8e00-43e8-9ceb-7569cbcd64a5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1976-028

Creator:

United States. National Park Service  Search this

Extent:

500 Pages

2 Boxes

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Place:

Alabama -- Archeology

Alaska -- Archaeology

Arizona -- Archeology

Colorado -- Archeology

Florida -- Archaeology

Georgia -- Archeology

Illinois -- Archeology

Indiana -- Archeology

New Mexico -- Archeology

New York (State) -- Archeology

North Carolina -- Archeology

North Dakota -- Archeology

Ohio -- Archeology

Oklahoma -- Archeology

Iowa -- Archeology

Mississippi -- Archeology

Missouri -- Archeology

Nebraska -- Archeology

Pennsylvania -- Archeology

South Carolina -- Archeology

South Dakota -- Archeology

Tennessee -- Archeology

Utah -- Archeology

Date:

1934

Scope and Contents:

Each form includes person or organization, who submitted data; site name, location, ownership, protection needed, are nature of site, surface indications, reason for recommending preservation, and remarks.

Associated lists, correspondence and notes: List of archaeological sites in Alabama, compiled by the Alabama Museum of Natural History. 1934. Typescript document 23 pages with cover letter from David L. DeJarnette, Curator, to A.E. Demaray, National Park Service, Sept. 26, 1934. Typescript letter signed 1 page. Also typed copy of same, 29 pages with two carbon copies, 58 pages. Memorandum from Neil M. Judd to M.W. Stirling regarding transferral of the questionnaires from the Division of Archaeology to the BAE. Dec. 26, 1935. Typescript letter signed 1 page.

Slip found with questionnaires, "National Resources Board questionnaires on archaeological sites worthy of Federal preservation."

Arrangement:

Arranged by State

Biographical / Historical:

Memorandum from Neil M. Judd, U. S. N. M. Division of Archaeology, to M. W. Stirling, BAE, and slip accompanying questionnaire (see following card) indicate that the questionnaires were sent out the National Resources Board (NRB) in order to identify those archaeological sites most wothy of preservation by the Federal Government. The questionnaires were turned over to Judd by the NRB, and Judd turned them over to Stirling.

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 4845

Topic:

California -- Archaeology  Search this

Nevada -- Archeology  Search this

Oregon -- Archeology  Search this

Louisiana -- Archeology  Search this

Maine -- Archeology  Search this

Massachusetts -- Archeology  Search this

Michigan -- Archeology  Search this

Texas -- Archeology  Search this

Washington -- Archeology  Search this

Wisconsin -- Archeology  Search this

Citation:

Manuscript 4845, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS4845

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw35e18ea1e-7d24-4d12-807f-ef3c8cccf0b8

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms4845

Creator:

Reagan, Albert B., 1871-1936  Search this

Extent:

56 Pages

7 Photographs

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Photographs

Place:

Hill Canyon (Utah) -- Archeology -- Pictographs

Date:

June, 1934

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 3363

Topic:

Antiquities permits  Search this

Citation:

Manuscript 3363, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS3363

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f8ad7a8d-bfd6-4e0f-9b0b-173cb35e64cb

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms3363

Creator:

McGuire, Joseph D. (Joseph Deakins), 1842-1916  Search this

Extent:

1,700 Items (ca. cards ca. 1700 cards, 4.5 x 6.5 in.)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Arizona -- Archeology

Utah -- Archeology

District of Columbia -- Archeology

Maryland -- Archeology

Date:

undated

Scope and Contents:

States represented: Arizona (over half of cards), Utah, District of Columbia, Virginia, Maryland.

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 2595

Local Note:

See No. 2911

Topic:

Virginia -- Archeology  Search this

Citation:

Manuscript 2595, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS2595

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw35b73b860-d70a-40b4-95c6-5c46ffe30094

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms2595

Creator:

Steward, Julian Haynes, 1902-1972  Search this

Extent:

24 Pages

40 Drawings

57 Photographs

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Drawings

Photographs

Place:

Colorado River -- Utah -- Archeology

Date:

1932

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 3238

Citation:

Manuscript 3238, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS3238

See more items in:

MS 3238 Report of the archaeological exploration of the Colorado River between Tremont River and Leeʹs Ferry

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3e253c184-15d5-40c0-941a-59bcec6a9713

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms3238

Creator:

Steward, Julian Haynes, 1902-1972  Search this

Collection Creator:

Steward, Julian Haynes, 1902-1972  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Colorado River -- Utah -- Archeology

Collection Citation:

Manuscript 3238, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

MS 3238 Report of the archaeological exploration of the Colorado River between Tremont River and Leeʹs Ferry

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3feaa48b0-0e74-4ca1-88cc-43a2af9fc91c

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms3238-ref1

Creator:

Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Chinle Creek (Utah) -- Archeology

Date:

1933

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 3210-d-1

Citation:

Manuscript 3210-d-1, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS3210D1

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3c8c69d4f-aa72-4190-9595-d70e6b88d49f

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms3210d1

Creator:

James, Louis, Sunnyside, Utah  Search this

Extent:

12 Items (photos )

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Carbon County (Utah) -- Archeology -- Pictographs

Date:

October 1934

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 3365

Citation:

Manuscript 3365, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS3365

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw36a16dbc3-8a26-4b66-8e33-4759bc072397

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms3365

Photographer:

Wetherill, John  Search this

Extent:

42 Lantern slides

Culture:

Pueblo (Anasazi) (archaeological)  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Ute  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Lantern slides

Place:

Cliff Palace (Mesa Verde, Colorado) -- Archeology

Colorado -- Antiquities

Date:

1892

Summary:

This collection contains glass lantern slides shot by rancher and explorer John Wetherill (1866-1944). The photographs depict Ancestral Puebloan sites in southwestern U.S., as well as photos of Diné (Navajo) and Ute men and women.

Scope and Contents:

This collection consists of 42 glass lantern slides that were shot by John Wetherill (1866-1944) circa 1892. The bulk of the photographs depict Ancestral Puebloan sites at Mesa Verde and Hovenweep in southwest Colorado. Wetherill may have been escorting the H. Jay Smith Exploring Company around the region as they collected objects for a Mesa Verde exhibit at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago.

The glass lantern slides depict cliff dwellings in a state of pre-archaeological preservation including the sites of Cliff Palace, Spruce Tree House, Square Tower House, Kodak House, Sandal House, and Spring House at Mesa Verde; and Square Tower at Hovenweep. The photographs also depict Oraibi Hopi Village, Montezuma Castle, and Casa Grande Ruins sites in Arizona.

A few photographs depict Ute and Diné (Navajo) men and women. One photograph of note depicts an outdoor group portrait photographed at a Ute wedding in Mancos, Colorado. The individuals depicted include George Bowles (Harvard student), Mancos Jim (Ute) and his wife, Herbert L. Cowing (1877-1956), Elmer Coston, Benjamin Kite Wetherill (1832-1898), and Richard Wetherill (1858-1910).

Several photographs in this collection also depict objects such as pottery, yucca baskets, stone axes, manos, and metates alongside Ancestral Puebloan human remains. These photographs are restricted.

John Wetherill is listed as the photographer, however, his brother Richard Wetherill (1858-1910) may have shot some of the photographs as well. The lantern slides feature handwritten labels that describe the photographs and were probably written by a Museum of the American Indian employee. Additionally, "Museum of the American Indian Heye Foundation, Broadway at 155th ST. N. Y. City" is printed on the back of the masking paper, which indicates that the lantern slides were most likely assembled by MAI staff.

Some lantern slides may be the reverse or mirror images of the actual scenes.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in photo number order.

Biographical / Historical:

John Wetherill (1866-1944) was a cattle rancher, explorer, and amateur archaeologist in Colorado. Born in Kansas in 1866 to Benjamin Kite Wetherill and Marion Tompkins Wetherill, the family moved to Mancos in southwestern Colorado in 1879. In December 1888, Richard Wetherill (John's older brother) and Charles Mason (brother-in-law), were credited with having discovered Cliff Palace, Spruce Tree House, and Square Tower House sites at Mesa Verde, although the cliff dwellings were already known to some Native Puebloan communities in the southwest at the time. Additionally, several non-Native explorers had visited other Ancestral Puebloan sites in the region prior to the Wetherills' discoveries including Mexican-Spanish missionaries Francisco Atanasio Dominguez and Silvestre Velez de Escalante in 1776; prospector John Moss in 1873; and photographer William Henry Jackson for the Hayden U.S. Geological Survey in 1874.

After the discovery, Richard and his brothers John, Clayton, Winslow, and Benjamin continued exploring and found other Ancestral Puebloan sites in the region. In 1891, the Wetherill brothers worked with amateur Swedish archaeologist Gustaf Nordenskiöld excavating Cliff House. Nordenskiöld taught them the basics tenants of archaeological excavation and trained them to keep detailed provenance records and to label objects.

From 1888-1893, the Wetherills collected more objects from Mesa Verde and eventually sold many of their collections, including a large collection to the Colorado State Historical Society (History Colorado). By 1900 John Wetherill moved to New Mexico and then Utah with his wife Louise Wade Wetherill. John continued serving as a guide and trained archaeologists and anthropologists in the region. He died in 1944.

Agnes Cowing (1880-1965), the collector of the glass lantern slides, was a librarian in New York. She most likely obtained them from her brother Herbert L. Cowing (1877-1956) or her sister Julia R. Cowing (b. 1857) who were both friends of the Wetherill family and visited the Wetherill Ranch in Mancos, Colorado in the 1890s.

Related Materials:

History Colorado in Denver, Colo. holds a John and Richard Wetherill photographs collection (2000.129), a Richard Wetherill manuscripts collection (Mini-MSS #3035), and a large collection of objects collected by the Wetherills. The Smithsonian's National Anthropological Archives holds a collection of photographs collected by H. Jay Smith (NAA MS 2420).

Provenance:

Donated to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation by Agnes Cowing in 1934.

Restrictions:

Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).

Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.

Some images restricted: Cultural Sensitivity

Topic:

Indians of North America -- Antiquities & archaeological sites -- Colorado  Search this

Indians of North America -- Colorado  Search this

cliff dwellings -- Colorado -- Mesa Verde National Park  Search this

Genre/Form:

Lantern slides

Citation:

Identification of specific item; Date (if known); John Wetherill lantern slides, Box and Photo Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAI.AC.106

See more items in:

John Wetherill lantern slides

Archival Repository:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv4c6bd4b84-f45a-47d2-8ff7-bea7c091feb3

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-106

Creator:

Fudal, K.H., Jr. (Tremonton, Utah)  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this

Extent:

6 Prints

3 Pages

Type:

Archival materials

Prints

Pages

Date:

November 8, 1917

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 1671 (part)

Local Note:

Identified 4/64 by R. E. Connick as site 230 pt in Julian Steward, "Petroglyphs of California and Adjoining States," UCPAAE, Vol. 24, 1929 (C. f. Pl 80b-d).

Topic:

Utah -- Archeology -- Pictographs  Search this

Collection Citation:

Manuscript 1671, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

MS 1671 Miscellaneous group of photos showing pictographs mostly in western states

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3dc5c26f4-790f-415d-9fe0-c3b1110ca76a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms1671-ref15