Search Results

Donor:

Little Manila Foundation  Search this

Extent:

4.33 Cubic feet (13 boxes)

Culture:

Filipino Americans  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Diaries

Correspondence

Photographs

Receipts

Date:

circa 1917-1980, undated

Summary:

Collection of archival materials removed from trunks of personal belongings abandoned at death by Filipino agricultural workers in Stockton, California.

Scope and Contents:

The contents of this collection include albums with photographs from the Philippines and the United States, receipts, pay stubs, books, letters, and other correspondence from the Philippines, framed photographs, and other ephemera. Most of the correspondence in the collection is written in Visayan, the language spoken within the southernmost islands of Luzon in the Philippines. The contents of the letters are in the process of being translated. Most of the photographs of individuals in the collection are not identified. The collection is divided into 23 series. 22 of which are individual Filipino migrants, who were members of the fraternal organization. The last series consists of the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The collection is important for those researchers interested in the history of early Filipino-American agricultural workers.

Arrangement:

Collection is arranged into twenty-three series.

Series 1: Enrique Andales, 1917-1937, undated

Series 2: Julian S. Arofo, 1950-1953

Series 3: A.T. Bastion, undated

Series 4: Julian Felicita Bernido, 1971

Series 5: Andres Salle Casinas, 1912-1980, undated

Series 6: Cesario Hotora Comparativo, 1925-1945, undated

Series 7: Hilario Samson Cuevas, 1925-1930, udated

Series 8: Vinancio Felisarta, 1971

Series 9: Jose Madridejo Galinato, 1926-1949, undated

Series 10: Eufricino Janier, 1920-1929, undated

Series 11: Felimon Laga, 1922-1923, undated

Series 12: Seven Madrias, 1936-1938, undated

Series 13: Eusebio Maglente, 1920-1923, undated

Series 14: Epimaco Fariola Mansueto, 1874-1947, undated

Series 15: Sixto Olaco, 1921-1954, undated

Series 16: Anastacio Atig Omandam, 1924-1937

Series 17: Juan Campoco Pascual, 1936, 1948, undated Series 18: Julian Rogas, 1929-1936, undated

Series 19: Arcadio Simangca, 1961-1971

Series 20: Julio Saranza, 1971

Series 21: Pablo Mendoza Solomon, 1921-1971, undated

Series 22: Victor Yano, 1971

Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo: Daguhoy Masonic Lodge, 1928-1935, undated

Biographical / Historical:

The collection documents the lives of Filipino migrants in Stockton, California dating from 1920s-1970s. The collection was retrieved from the basement of the Daguhoy Lodge, a meeting place for the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The lodge doubled as a living space for Filipino agricultural laborers during the early twentieth century. The collection holds the belongings of Filipino migrant farm laborers who did not have a family to obtain their belongings after their deaths.

Related Materials:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History



Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: World Expositions, NMAH.AC.0060

Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, NMAH.AC.0143

Alexander Alland, Sr., Photoprints, NMAH.AC.0204

Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography, NMAH.AC.0300

Duncan Family Yo-Yo Collection, NMAH.AC.807

Catherine Hann Papers, NMAH.AC.0921

Kamikawa, Omata and Matsumoto Families Papers, NMAH.AC.0924

Juanita Tamayo Lott Filipino American Photographs and Papers, NMAH.AC.0925

Bishop Mitsumyo Tottori Memorial Notebooks, NMAH.AC.0926

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs, NMAH.AC.0945

Other Respositories

Sacramento Public Library, Sacramento Room Photograph Collection

holdings include photograph of Legionarios Del Trabajo

Separated Materials:

The National Museum of American History's Divison of Work and Industry holds the objects that came with the collection including:

Accession number 2022.0058.

Provenance:

Collection donated by the Little Manila Foundation through Dillon Delvo, Executive Director, 2021.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Agriculture -- California  Search this

Migrant workers  Search this

Tagalog language  Search this

Genre/Form:

Diaries

Correspondence -- 20th century

Photographs -- 20th century

Receipts -- 20th century

Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep865b08d8d-170d-410c-9794-1f0f1f0b1388

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1515

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1971, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a substantial amount of materials documenting the life of Solomon in Stockton, California. It is one of the most completed groups of materials documenting various aspects of his life. Materials relating to his education include an accounting workbook, materials relating to Business English and Mathematics for colleges, and science books such as The Science of Eugenics and Tolon-Anan sa Pagnambal, documenting the methods, contents, and educational philosophies in the 1920s. Materials relating to Pablo's personal details include his Identification and Social Security cards, photographs of army documents, and healthcare information from the 1940s to the 1970s, documenting various aspects of Pablo's personal and historical record. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo such as his 1939, 1941, and 1959 membership badge and black and white photographs of Solomon and other members highlight Pablo's dedication to his membership in the fraternal organization. Primary materials in this series consist of correspondences from Pablo's sibling, Pilar Solomon in Bataan, Philippines. The contents of letters are written in English and Tagalog, and those written in Tagalog are translated into English. The letters primarily cover the topic of family life and some economic struggles in the Philippines.

Biographical / Historical:

Pablo M Solomon was born on June 12, 1903 in Pilar, Bataan, Philippine Islands.* According to the 1930s United States Federal Census, Pablo immigrated in 1919. So far, this is the only record that indicates a date of when Pablo left the Philippines. By 1930, Pablo was naturalized in the United States, becoming a United States citizen. He was a single man, who lived on Folsom Street in San Francisco, California, as a servant working privately for an employer. At this time, he was living in a household with twenty other individual lodgers. Although no historical record provides any details of the early life of Pablo, he was able to read and write English which can be assumed that Pablo attended some form of Grammar School. On February 14, 1942, Pablo registered for the World War II draft. During this time, he stood 64 inches and weighed 126 pounds. He worked as a laborer in Mare Island Navy Yard. According to Headstone Application for Military Veterans, Pablo served in the US Army and ranked as a Private 1st Class in Company K of the 2nd Filipino Infantry, which was activated at Fort Ord the same month as his enlistment. This regiment received their combat training at Camp Cooke (now Vandenberg Air Force Base near Lompoc) and was later reorganized into the 2nd Filipino Battalion, where they would be sent to New Guinea and Manil, but never experienced any direct combat. On April 15, 1943, Pablo was discharged. By 1950, Pablo resided in San Joaquin, California. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Pablo worked as a cook on the farm. Before the census was taken, it was listed that Pablo worked 26 weeks and earned $700. At this time, he was living in a household with 18 other individuals, are majority of whom were Filipino men. Two of his housemates, Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo are members of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo.* In recent historical findings, it was mentioned that Pablo was also a member of the organization and held a significant title of Secretary.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft card and US Headstone Application for Military Veterans, June 12, 1903. Social Security Death Index, Aug 12, 1896. California Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1904.

*The 1950 Census mentions Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo, members of the Legionarios del Trabajo as his household members

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 21

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85b16395c-c6eb-4dc0-826c-6ed06721ca3e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref196

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1970-1971

Scope and Contents:

The earliest material in this series is a Legionarios del Trabajo membership badge dating from 1961. There are also wage and tax statements documenting Simangca's wage and salary, employee information, and employer information. In addition, there is some correspondence written in Visayan from Dionero Ibanez and Lina M. Bagafsolo from Bohol, Philippines, sent to Arcadio Simangca in Stockton, California. The contents of the letters are unknown and currently in the process of translation into English. The materials do not identify any information regarding Arcadio's personal details. Instead, they document Arcadio residing in Stockton, California. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the workforce, economic conditions, and tax policies in the 1970s. Furthermore, the materials provide valuable insight into how people attempted to connect with people in another country during this time. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Arcadio Simangca was on November 3, 1902, in the Philippines.* Little is known regarding Arcadio's journey to the United States. So far, the only historical record indicating Arcadio's emigration to the United States is The Index to Alien Case File, which mentions Arcadio arriving in San Francisco, California on November 10, 1927. The details of his family background are uncertain. According to Arcadio's World War II Draft Registration card, his next of Kin is Estanislad Hilario, who can be assumed to be a fellow member of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo since both Arcadio and Estanislad both listed 203 E Hazelton Ave, Stockton, California to be their residential address. According to a Social Security Death Index, Arcadio Simangka died on February 21, 1988.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Card, Nov 3, 1902. US Index to Alien Case Files, Dec 3, 1902. US Social Security Death Index, Dec 8, 1902, US Social Security Application and Claims Index, Dec 8, 1902.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 19

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep814fa4a7b-025c-4599-bc62-ba570a68a181

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref191

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a 1971 letter written in Visayan by Hentrades Saranza in Bohol, Philippines. The contents of the letter and the relationship between the correspondent and Julio are unknown. The letters are currently in the translation process into English. The materials do not provide any information relating to Julio's personal details. Instead, they document Julio's residing in the United States. The series serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected with people in another country in the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julio Saranza was born on July 4, 1907 in Ando, Bohol, Philippines.* The historical record provides no detail of when Julio left the Philippines. However, a Honolulu Arriving Passenger and Crew List mentions Julio departed from Hong Kong on February 15, 1919, aboard the S.S Tenyo Maru. Julio arrived in Honolulu on March 8 after a 20-day trip. It can be assumed that Julio, like many Filipino immigrants, was brought to Hawaii to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation. In less than two years in Hawaii, Julio left the islands on August 10, 1921, and headed for San Francisco aboard the SS Maui. The ship contained men and women from different ethnic backgrounds such as immigrants from Russia and Portugal. So far, no records are mentioning Julio's occupation while living in California. However, it can be assumed that he undoubtedly set to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. According to Julio's World War II Draft Card, by 1942, Julio resided in Sacramento, California. At this time, Julio was 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighed 125 pounds. Julio Saranza died in Feb 1990.

*Conflicting birth dates: US Index to Alien Case Files, July 4, 1903. US Social Security Death Index and US Social Security Application and Claims Index, July 28, 1900. US World War II Draft Card, July 4, 1907.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 20

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82816b336-b487-46fa-926d-c67cf45ab3f0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref194

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a letter dated 1971, written in Visayan by an unidentified correspondent in the Philippines. The contents of the letter are currently in the process of translation from Visayan to English. The letter provides little information relating to Yano and his life in Stockton, California. Instead, it serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected with people in another country during the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Victor Yano was born in 1907 in the Philippines. Little information exists about his early life. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Yano resided in Makawao, Hawaii with his family. His family consisted of a wife, Mary who was Puerto Rican, and three daughters named Madalene, Barbara, and Leona. During this time Yano worked as a janitor at a general hospital while Mary worked as a trimmer for a pineapple cannery company. Documentation of his migration to California, employment, later life, and death could not be found.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 22

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8395b470d-8920-446b-a1c8-a6f6826a788b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref237

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1929-1936, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consists of correspondences, materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo, two wallets and their contents, a blank diary, and other ephemera. Correspondences are primarily written in Visayan by Ramon BatolBatol and Johnny Gihapon in Cebu, Philippines, and sent to Julian Rogas in Oakland, California. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process of translation into English. The materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo document Julian's membership in the fraternal organization. The materials do not identify any information regarding Julian's personal details. Instead, they document Julian residing in Oakland, California during the 1930s. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the social, political, and cultural landscape as well as how people attempted to stay connected to people in another country during the 1930s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Julian Rogas was born in 1889 or 1887 in the Philippines.* The details of Julian's journey to the United States are uncertain. The only historical record mentioning Julian's travel to the United States is through A 1930 United States Federal Census which lists his immigration year as 1915. At the time, he resided in Oak Street Oakland, California, where he worked as a janitor in a building, earning little wages. With little money, he could only afford to lodge and rent, sharing the living space with a family and 4 other single lodgers. Little information is known about Julian's marital status. The 1930 Federal Census mentioned Julian to be a single man. However, according to a 1950 United States Federal Census, Julian's marital status was listed as separated which means that Julian was married. So far, there are no historical records indicating the name of the individual Julian married or the date when and where they got married. By 1950, Julian resided in Oakland, California, living with 7 other individuals. At the time, his occupation was a dinner cook, who was seeking employment. So far, no historical record indicating Julian Rogas' death.

*Conflicting birth date: 1930 United States Federal Census, 1889. 1950 United States Federal Census, 1887.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 18

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87e525abb-af70-464f-a42a-25fa78dc5a9b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref176

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1936, 1948, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains letters dated 1936 and 1948, primarily written in Visayan by Angel and Dalmacio Pascual in Agkawayan, Philippines, and sent to Juan Pascual in Stockton, California. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process of translation into English. The materials do not provide any information regarding Juan's personal details. Instead, they document Juan residing in Stockton, California. The series serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected to people in another country during the 1930s and 1940s.

Biographical / Historical:

Juan Campoco Pascual was born on August 5, 1904, in the village of Agkawayan in the Philippine Islands.* The historical record provides no details of the early life of Juan, except that the highest education he completed was Elementary School. According to a California Arriving Passenger and Crew List, Juan left the Philippines aboard the SS Ecuador on July 9, 1919. A month later, 16-year-old Juan arrived at the port of San Francisco, California. He undoubtedly set out to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. During the 1940 census, he was working as a farm laborer, making little wages that resulted in him living in a household with two other lodgers. On February 14, 1942, Juan registered for the draft enlistment. According to the World War II Draft card, Juan was working at Chester Chisholm Ranch. At this time, he stood at 63 inches, weighed 145 pounds, and had tattoos on both arms. The details of his family background are uncertain. However, a letter dated on October 4th, 1936, was found to be addressed from Dalmacio Pascual in Agkawayan, Philippine Islands, which is likely his brother. So far, no records are mentioning Juan ever marrying. On May 22, 1988, Juan Campoco Pascual died. He is buried in Turlock Memorial Park in Stanislaus County, California.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Registration Card, Aug 5, 1904. California Death Index, July 10, 1905.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 17

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87cb79fe0-9420-4eb0-ac07-f8319d2cfe6b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref172

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1920-1923, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consist of correspondence, black and white photographs and negatives of Mansueto and other unidentified individuals, documents from the Mare Island Navy Yard, materials relating to Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Epimaco residing in Stockton, California working as a common laborer. Records from the Mare Island Navy Yard documents Epimaco's personal detail such as his date of birth, residential address, and occupation. The letters are primarily written in Visayan by family members and friends in Cebu, Philippines. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process translation into English. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo emphasizes his dedication to the membership in the fraternity. The photographs document cultural attire and geographical locations. The series serves as a primary source for understanding Filipino fashion trends and cultural attire, the social, political, and cultural landscape. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Eusebio Maglinte was born in the 1890s in Dimiao, Bohol, Philippine.* According to census records, he attended school until the fourth grade. Maglinte left his homeland aboard the S.S. Venezuela, which departed Manila on August 2, 1920, and arrived thirty day later in Honolulu, Hawaii. He made his journey with fifty-two other Filipino men, mostly from Bohol, Cebu, and Negros Oriental. These men were brought for employment by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association. This employment last for three years, before Eusebio left Hawaii aboard the S. S. President Piece, bound for San Francisco in November 1923.

Once arriving in Northern California, Eusebio undoubtedly headed for work in the fields of the Central Valley. The 1930 census shows him as a farm laborer, living with 26 other Filipino men on Georgiana Slough Road near the town of Isleton and Walnut Grove, southwest of Sacramento. Within five years, he had moved to San Joaquin Count and was living on the Wright Tract. During the 1940 census, he is listed is the same place as other 16 Filipino men, who had all worked seventeen hours the week before. The census also lists that in the previous year, Eusebio had worked twenty-six weeks and made $350.00. By 1947, Eusebio ad moved into Stockton and was listed in the City Directory at 203 E. Hazelton, still working as a laborer. Eusebio died on August 13, 1952 in Santa Clara County, California.

*Almost every record shows a different date of birth for Eusebio Maglinte. On the passenger list of his first journey to Honolulu, it is recorded as January 15, 1898. On the passenger list of his journey to San Francisco, it is listed as May 31, 1892. On his California death record, it is given as April 15, 1891.

Researched by: Brandon Wofford-Asuncion, March 1, 2016

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 13

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82b6bd9d6-4eac-4e15-89f9-a1f91de3687d

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref109

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1936-1938, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains correspondence and other ephemera primarily dated in 1937. The letter contains no information about its sender. However, it does document the life of Seven Madrias while residing in Stockton, California. The contents of the letter are currently unknown and in the process of translation from Visayan to English. The materials in this series do not identify any information regarding Seven's personal details. The series serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to connect with people in another country in the 1930s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 12

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8bb62fc30-da07-4cfe-81e9-13c031c0ae2b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref104

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1922-1923, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily contains correspondence dated mainly in the early 1920s, written mainly in Visayan by family members and friends of Felimon Laga in Bohol, Philippines, and sent to Felimon in Honolulu, Hawaii. Prime correspondents are D. Laga and F. Laga, siblings of Felimon. The contents of the letters are currently in the process of translation into English. The document serves as a primary source for understanding local culture, traditions, and daily life in the Philippines as well as how people attempted to connect with people in another country in the 1920s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Felimon Laga was born on March 1, 1900 in Bohol Province, Central Visayas, Philippines. It is unknown when Felimon left the Philippines. According to the California arriving passenger and crew list dating December 2, 1923, Felimon arrived at the port of San Francisco, California from the port of Honolulu, Hawaii. According to the 1930 Federal Census, Felimon resided in San Francisco, California, working as a porter in a hospital. In addition, although little is known about Felimon's educational background, he was able to attend school. The name of the school was not indicated in the historical records; however, it is assumed that he attended a Grammar School as the records mentioned that he was able to read, write, and speak English. Records indicate that Felimon was a roomer sharing living quarters with six other men. On June 27, 1931, Felimon Laga passed away at the age of thirty-one and was buried in Manteca, San Joaquin County, California.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 11

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81aa1ff5a-9a85-43d0-9ff4-7ffba4dd97e6

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref98

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a letter dated 1971, written in Visayan by Melitona F. Makinano from Bohol, Philippines. The contents of the letter and the relationship between Julian and Melitona are unknown since the letter is in the translation process into English. The letter provides little information relating to Julian and his life in Stockton, California. However, the series serves as a primary resource for understanding how people attempted to connect with people in another country in the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julian Felecita Bernido was born on January 28, 1904, in Anda-Bohol, Philippine Islands. The details of his family background are uncertain. However, according to his World War II Draft Registration, Josephina Makinano is his nearest relative, which states that she is his half-sister. Furthermore, according to the Philippines: Marriage Records, Julian had a spouse named, Victoria Seroge, and a child named Anastasia Bernido. According to United States Federal Naturalization Records, Julian left Manila, Philippines in September 1924 and emigrated to San Francisco, California aboard the Dollar Steamship Line. Later in his life, he would petition for naturalization, gaining his citizenship in 1948. On October 16, 1940, Julian registered for the World War II Draft. At this time, he stood 5 feet, 2 inches and weighed 170 pounds. Throughout the years, Julian would move back and forth between Stockton and San Francisco, California. Like many Filipino immigrants, Julian worked in various industries throughout his time in the United States to make ends meet. One such example is his position as a Barboy at a hotel. According to the 1950 Federal Census, Julian normally worked 40 hours a week, with the possibility of him earning little wages as the census indicated him as a Roomer with 24 other individuals. Julian died in October 1977 at the age of seventy-three.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 4

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86f88511e-f5cf-4c88-bc6b-a687b3c3d2f9

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref25

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains letters dated 1971 from Felisa Felisarta and Celedonia Felisarta in Bohol, Philippines. Written in Visayan, the contents of the letter are in the process of translation to English. The relationship between the correspondent and Vinancio is currently unknown. The letter provides little information relating to Vinancio and his life in Stockton, California. Instead, it serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to connect with people in another country in the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Vinancio Felisarta was born on 1894 in Anda, Bohol, Philippine Islands.* The details of his family background are uncertain. According to Vinancio's World War I Draft Registration card, his nearest relative is Hermorines Fellisarta, who is his father. Vinancio left Manila, Philippines on March 16, 1918, aboard the SS Columbia. A month later, he arrives at the port of Honolulu, Hawaii. According to historical records, he worked as a laborer for the Ewa Plantation Company, a large sugar plantation, and was part of the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association, which employed thousands of other Filipino immigrant workers. The historical records provide no details of the early life of Vinancio. So far, there are no records indicating the death of Vinancio Felisarta.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 8

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Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep891956027-c888-455c-b1ae-6409c52bbbc1

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref61

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1926-1949, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily contains materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo, a letter, War Department records, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Galinato while residing in Stockton, California from the 1920s to the 1940s. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo emphasize his dedication to the membership in the fraternity. The contents of the letter are unknown and in the process of translation from Visayan to English. Galinato's War Department record documents some of his personal details such as his occupation and date of birth. This series serives as a primary source for understanding social, political, or cultural landscape of the time as well as the experiences of individuals who served in the armed forces. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Jose Madridejo Galinato was born on Dec 18, 1902 in Guindolman, Bohol, Philippine Islands. The historical record provides no details of the early life of Jose. According to an Arriving Passenger and Crew List, Jose left Manila, Philippines on June 16th, 1923, aboard the SS President Pierce. This ship also carried several other men, who were brought to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Company. He arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii on July 6th after a 20-day trip. After two years in Hawaii, Jose set sail towards San Francisco, California aboard the USS President Lincoln. On September 8th, 1926, Jose arrived at the port of San Francisco. By 1940, Jose moved to Stockton, California where he probably worked up and down the West Coast like other Filipino agricultural workers of the time. According to the 1940 Federal census, Jose worked as a field worker. Before the recording of the census, he worked 60 hours a week, earning an income of $450 and sharing a living space with many Filipino immigrant workers and other workers of different ethnicities. Jose would later reside at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 E. Hazelton Ave, where he was a member of the Legionarios Del Trabajo in America, Inc. According to Jose's World War II draft registration card, On April 24, 1943, Jose registered for enlistment and listed the Daguhoy lodge to be his place of residence. In addition, he lists his Next of Kin to be a man named Albert Doblin, who can be assumed to be a member of the Legionarios since the same address was listed in the record. At this time, Jose lists that he was working for SS Sanincente Inc., which can be assumed that he worked as a seaman. According to Jose's United States Petition for Naturalization, Jose worked as a seaman and traveled throughout the world. There are a vast of historical records that documented the travels of Jose while working as a seaman between the 1950s and 1960s. The details of Jose's family background are uncertain. At age 83, Jose died on December 9, 1983, in Stockton. His obituary says that he was "survived by brothers and sisters in the Philippines." Jose's funeral services were conducted at Stockton's Chapel of the Palms and St. George Catholic Church. He is buried at the San Joaquin Cemetery.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 9

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8bdb0eaa9-57f7-499d-9a17-a2e87e86cab0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref63

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1920-1928, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily contains correspondence, 3.5 x 5 black and white photographs of Eufericino Janier and unidentified Filipinos, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Janier while residing in Stockton, California in the 1920s. The letters are primarily written in Visayan by friends and family members of Janier in Lanao, Philippines, and sent to his address in Stockton, California. The contents of the letters are currently in the process of translation into English. The photographs document Filipino fashion in the 1920s. The materials do not identify any of Eufericino's personal details. However, they provide some information relating to Janier and his life in Stockton, California. Materials serve as a primary source for understanding local culture such as attire and daily life in the Philippines in the 1920s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Eufericino Janier was born on December 27, 1896, in the Philippines. Records relating to Eufericino's early life and family could not be found. According to an arriving passenger and crew list, Janier arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii aboard the SS Golden State on October 19, 1921. It can be assumed that Eufericino traveled to Hawaii, like many Filipino men during the 1920s, to work at the Hawaiian sugar plantation. At the moment, no historical records are mentioning Eufericino leaving Hawaii. According to the California state death index, Eufericino passed away on July 5, 1970, in Stockton, California, which indicated that he left Hawaii to move to California.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 10

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep878624c66-e217-4b73-a70c-a1c78cf6b8fe

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref75

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1917-1937, undated

Scope and Contents:

This series consists primarily of correspondence, a black-and-white photograph album, a wallet, and its contents, materials relating to the fraternal organization Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Andales while residing in Stockton, California primarily in the 1920s and 1930s. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo emphasize his dedication to the membership of the fraternity. The contents of the letters are unknown and are in the process of translation from Visayan to English. The photo album contains black and white photos of Enrique Andales and other unidentified Filipinos, documenting Filipino attire and day-to-day life. The materials in this series do not identify any information regarding Enrique's personal details. The series serves as a primary source for understanding Filipino fashion trends and cultural attire as well as the social, political, and cultural landscape in the 1920s and 1930s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Enrique Andales was born on July 18, 1891, in the town of Cardova, Cebu, Philippines. There are no records documenting the early life of Andales. Furthermore, it is unclear when he left the Philippines. However, according to a California Arriving Passenger and Crew List, on March 14, 1916, Enrique arrived in San Francisco, California from Honolulu aboard the SS Matsonia.

On December 15, 1917, during World War I, he dutifully registered for the United States draft. According to his draft card, Enrique resided in Stockton, California working as a laborer for the Shima Tract, an island in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River where they grew potatoes. By 1930, according to a 1930 Federal Census, Enrique would work as a farm laborer, specifically on asparagus farms, living with 14 other lodgers that were of Japanese or Filipino ethnicity on Alen Bunn Reyes, Rio Vista, Solano, California. Despite not having formal schooling, he possessed the ability to read and write in English and Visayan, a common language spoken in the southern Philippines such as the Cebu Province.

Enrique was not only dedicated to his work but also active in his community. He was a proud member of the Legionarios del Trabajo, specifically affiliated with the Daguhoy Lodge in the United States. This affiliation showcased his commitment to supporting the rights and welfare of laborers during the time of social and economic change.

Enrique passed away on April 24, 1938, in Stockton, California.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 1

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep80f052895-29f9-4601-b61c-bff71e666d48

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref1

Collection Creator:

Strong, William Duncan, 1899-1962  Search this

Container:

Box 28

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1949-1950

Scope and Contents:

Includes an article by Jacinto Jijon y Caamano titled "Maranga: Contribución al conocimiento de los aborígenes del Valle del Rimac, Peru," (1949).

Collection Restrictions:

The William Duncan Strong papers are open for research.

Access to the William Duncan Strong papers requires and appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

William Duncan Strong papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

William Duncan Strong papers

William Duncan Strong papers / Series 4: Miscellaneous research notes

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b22ba1b4-dde2-4177-9d89-8a3502d50d99

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-1974-28-ref428

Artist:

Ustad Daud  Search this

Medium:

Meteoric iron, with gold inlay

Dimensions:

H: 26.1 cm (10 1/4 in)

Type:

Weapon and Armament

Origin:

India

Date:

1621

Period:

Mughal dynasty

Topic:

Mughal dynasty (1526 - 1858)  Search this

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment

Accession Number:

F1955.27a-b

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

On View:

Freer Gallery 01: Body Image: Arts of the Indian Subcontinent

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye39306d489-2c46-4f8c-933b-285a4a32ca75

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1955.27a-b

Medium:

Porcelain with enamels over clear glaze

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 22.5 x 10.7 x 10.7 cm (8 7/8 x 4 3/16 x 4 3/16 in)

Style:

Jingdezhen ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Jingdezhen, Jiangxi province, China

Date:

1916 or later

Period:

Modern period, Possibly Hongxian reign

Topic:

bird  Search this

tree  Search this

Jingdezhen ware  Search this

Modern period (1912 - present)  Search this

China  Search this

porcelain  Search this

Chinese Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Mrs. Dorothy Bray in memory of Richard P. Bray, Jr.

Accession Number:

F1986.32a-c

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3933156da-0807-4cd2-b2be-bc2c5a628677

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1986.32a-c

Artist:

Nasiruddin  Search this

Medium:

Opaque watercolor on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (overall): 20.2 × 18.7 cm (7 15/16 × 7 3/8 in)

H x W x D (exhibition frame): 53.3 × 43.2 × 4.4 cm (21 × 17 × 1 3/4 in)

Type:

Painting

Origin:

Chawand, Rajasthan state, Mewar, India

Date:

1605

Period:

Sisodia dynasty, Reign of Maharana Amar Singh

Topic:

flower  Search this

music  Search this

vina  Search this

Sisodia dynasty (861 - 1947)  Search this

ragamala  Search this

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment

Accession Number:

F1991.1

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye39844664b-2e78-4868-902d-c12253dc4a5f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1991.1

Medium:

Opaque watercolor and gold on paper

Dimensions:

H x W: 34.4 x 45.3 cm (13 9/16 x 17 13/16 in)

Type:

Painting

Origin:

Jodhpur, Rajasthan state, Marwar, India

Date:

ca. 1820

Period:

Rathore dynasty

Topic:

music  Search this

fruit  Search this

lute  Search this

Rathore dynasty (1459 - 1947)  Search this

sadhu  Search this

garden  Search this

fiddle  Search this

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment

Accession Number:

F1999.17

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye35ad38ce3-9ed1-43aa-b463-78437254d8d7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1999.17