Search Results

Creator:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives National Air and Space Museum Library Research Center  Search this

Subject:

Scott, Catherine D  Search this

Smith, Martin  Search this

Spencer, David M  Search this

Pietropaoli, Frank  Search this

Cottrill, Chris  Search this

Edwards, Philip D  Search this

Smith, Leah  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Libraries National Air and Space Museum Branch  Search this

Smithsonian Institution Libraries National Air and Space Museum Library  Search this

Smithsonian Libraries National Air and Space Museum Library  Search this

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives National Air and Space Museum Library  Search this

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center  Search this

Arts and Industries Building (Washington, D.C.)  Search this

Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (U.S.)  Search this

Type:

Mixed archival materials

Date:

1972

1972-

Topic:

Libraries and museums  Search this

Aeronautical museums  Search this

Museum libraries  Search this

Librarians  Search this

Libraries  Search this

Local number:

SIA AH00148

Data Source:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_arc_221194

Extent:

17.6 Cubic feet (50 containers)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Technical reports

Photographic prints

Newspaper clippings

Correspondence

Date:

1961-2008

bulk 1980s-2000s

Summary:

This collection consists of 17 cubic feet of papers relating to the life and career of astronaut Pamela A. Melroy.

Scope and Contents:

The Pamela A. Melroy Papers (acc. no. 2018-0034) reflect Melroy's extensive experience as a pilot, space explorer, Space Shuttle Columbia accident investigator and leader within various governmental/military roles. Her great contributions as an air force officer, astronaut and Space Shuttle commander are quite evident in this collection.

This collection encompasses Melroy's years spent as an officer with the United States Air Force (USAF), test pilot, Gulf War veteran, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut and one of the first female Space Shuttle commanders. The material contained in the collection ranges from the 1970s into the 2010s. It is a mixture of the following materials: correspondence, memoranda, notes, reports and briefings, technical manuals (mainly NASA/Space Shuttle-related), notebooks, photographs, presentations and speeches, books, booklets and guidebooks, brochures, pamphlets, journals, magazines, articles, newspaper clippings and miscellaneous materials. Additionally, there are newspapers, photograph albums and scrapbooks.

The processing archivist did discern some original order to these materials. This collection was already in a rough chronological order. The processing archivist did rehouse these materials utilizing archival-friendly file folders and legal-size document cases.

This collection is arranged into three series. The first series is composed of personal materials that include correspondence, photographs, postcards, business cards and transcripts. Each type of archival material is organized chronologically and then alphabetically. The second series consists of professional materials and is by far and away the largest segment of the Pamela A. Melroy Papers. This series is arranged as follows: Melroy's correspondence, memoranda, notes, reports, manuals (mainly Space Shuttle program-related), notes and notebooks, presentations and speeches, books, guidebooks and booklets, brochures, pamphlets and catalogs, newsletters, magazines and journals, articles, newspaper clippings and miscellaneous materials. All the above material is also arranged chronologically and then alphabetically. The third series is composed of oversize materials. This material consists of newspapers (mainly focused on the Space Shuttle Columbia accident of 2003), as well as Melroy's three Space Shuttle flights, (STS-92, STS-112 and STS-120), photograph albums and scrapbooks.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into three series. The first series is composed of personal materials that include correspondence, photographs, postcards, business cards and transcripts. Each type of archival material is organized chronologically and then alphabetically. The second series consists of professional materials and is by far and away the largest segment of the Pamela A. Melroy Papers. This series is arranged as follows: Melroy's correspondence, memoranda, notes, reports, manuals (mainly Space Shuttle program-related), notes and notebooks, presentations and speeches, books, guidebooks and booklets, brochures, pamphlets and catalogs, newsletters, magazines and journals, articles, newspaper clippings and miscellaneous materials. All the above material is also arranged chronologically and then alphabetically. The third series is composed of oversize materials. This material consists of newspapers (mainly focused on the Space Shuttle Columbia accident of 2003), as well as Melroy's three Space Shuttle flights, (STS-92, STS-112 and STS-120), photograph albums and scrapbooks.

Biographical / Historical:

Pamela Ann Melroy was born on September 17, 1961, in Palo Alto, California. As a member of a military family, she spent her childhood living in many towns but considers Rochester, New York her hometown. Melroy graduated from Bishop Kearney High School in Rochester in 1979. Four years later, she earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in Physics and Astronomy from Wellesley College and subsequently, a Master of Science degree in Earth and Planetary Sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1984.

Melroy was commissioned through the U.S. Air Force (USAF) Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program while still attending graduate school. Upon completion of her Master's degree program at MIT, she attended undergraduate pilot training at Reese Air Force Base in Texas. After graduating from this program in 1985, Melroy was sent to Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana. While stationed there from 1985 to 1991, she flew the Boeing KC-10 aircraft as a co-pilot, aircraft commander and instructor pilot. Also, she flew combat missions in Iraq during 1990-91 (Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm). In time, she also graduated from the USAF's exclusive test-pilot school. All told during her 24-year career with the USAF, Melroy logged more than 6,000 hours of flight time in more than 50 different types of aircraft. She reached the rank of Colonel upon her retirement from the service in 2007.

Melroy started her career as an astronaut in late 1994 when she was selected as an astronaut candidate (ASCAN) by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). She was initially assigned to various astronaut support roles such as tasks involving Space Shuttle launch and landings. She also performed Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM) duties in Mission Control. In 2003, Melroy served on the ill-fated Space Shuttle Columbia accident reconstruction team as the lead for the crew compartment module and operated as deputy project manager for the Columbia Crew Survival Investigation Team.

Melroy was one of only two women to be in command of a Space Shuttle flight. She was the pilot of two Shuttle missions, STS-92 in 2000 and STS-112 in 2002. She served as mission commander on STS-120 in 2007. All three of her spaceflights involved assembling components on orbit for the International Space Station (ISS). Melroy logged a total of 924 hours in space.

Upon her more than 20 years of service to the USAF and NASA, Melroy assumed leadership roles with several public and private sector entities. This included organizations such as the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Lockheed Martin and Australia's Nova Systems, Ltd. She also worked as an advisor to the Australian Space Agency and as an independent consultant to the National Space Council's Users Advisory Group. In 2021, Melroy was selected as NASA's deputy administrator. In her current role, she assists the administrator in making final agency policies and decisions. Also, she acts for the NASA administrator in his absence by performing all necessary functions to govern agency operations.

Provenance:

Pam Melroy, Gift, 2018, NASM.2018.0034

Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Topic:

Astronautics  Search this

United States Air Force  Search this

Astronauts  Search this

Space Shuttle Program (U.S.)  Search this

Technical manuals  Search this

McDonnell Douglas KC-10  Search this

International Space Station (ISS)  Search this

Genre/Form:

Technical reports

Photographic prints

Newspaper clippings

Correspondence -- 21st century

Citation:

Pamela A. Melroy Papers, NASM.2018.0034, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NASM.2018.0034

See more items in:

Pamela A. Melroy Papers

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2a22e1f52-ea7e-48df-9823-34270840f9ea

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nasm-2018-0034

Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

5.11 Cubic feet (consisting of 11 boxes, 1 folder, 2 oversize folders, 1 map case folder, 1 flat box (partial.))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Publications

Business ephemera

Manuscripts for publication

Steel plate engravings

Technical reports

Letterheads

Business cards

Advertising mail

Advertising fliers

Sales letters

Printed ephemera

Sales records

Advertising cards

Advertisements

Trade cards

Periodicals

Commercial catalogs

Manufacturers' catalogs

Manuals

Legal documents

Receipts

Invoices

Print advertising

Advertising

Ephemera

Business letters

Sales catalogs

Printed materials

Illustrations

Trade catalogs

Trade literature

Catalogues

Commercial correspondence

Business records

Printed material

Correspondence

Legislation (legal concepts)

Reports

Technical manuals

Date:

1819-1985

Summary:

A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Accounting and Bookkeeping forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana

Scope and Contents:

The subject category Steel largely represents business records and advertisements created by steel manufacturers and distributors of steel-based goods or services. Additional materials include biographical writings about Andrew Carnegie, documentation about the effect of the steel industry on society, and educational material about the steel industry.

No complete set of business records are represented within the collection, however the United States Steel Corporation has notable representation within the business records.

Technical documentation about the production of steel-based products as well as background information about the United States Steel Industry and Andrew Carnegie are strong research strengths of this subject category.

Arrangement:

Steel is arranged in three subseries.

Business Records and Marketing Material

Genre

Subject

Forms Part Of:

Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.

Series 1: Business Ephemera

Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers

Series 4: Photographic Reference Material

Provenance:

Steel is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Steel founding  Search this

Steel industry and trade -- 1930-2000  Search this

Stainless steel tableware  Search this

Steel alloys  Search this

Iron and steel bridges  Search this

Iron and steel industry  Search this

Manufacturing  Search this

Iron and steel workers -- 1920-1930 -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Steel industry and trade  Search this

Steel, Stainless -- 20th century  Search this

Structural steel workers -- 1920-1930 -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Women iron and steel workers  Search this

Manufacturing industries  Search this

Manufacturing processes  Search this

Trade associations  Search this

Genre/Form:

Publications -- Business

Business ephemera

Manuscripts for publication

Steel plate engravings

Technical reports

Letterheads

Business cards

Advertising mail

Advertising fliers

Sales letters

Printed ephemera

Sales records

Advertising cards

Advertisements

Trade cards

Periodicals

Commercial catalogs

Manufacturers' catalogs

Manuals

Legal documents

Receipts

Invoices

Print advertising

Advertising

Ephemera

Business letters

Sales catalogs

Printed materials

Illustrations

Trade catalogs

Trade literature

Catalogues

Commercial correspondence

Business records

Printed material

Correspondence

Legislation (legal concepts)

Reports

Technical manuals -- 20th century

Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Steel, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Steel

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Steel

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b94698eb-da99-4338-b74e-4b73fc712dc5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-steel

Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

10.22 Cubic feet (consisting of 20 boxes, 2 folders, 9 oversize folders, 3 map case folders, 3 flat boxes (2 full, 1 partial.))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Menus

Bills

Ships' passenger lists

Patents

Legislative documents

Photographs

Advertisements

Advertising mail

Advertising

Illustrations

Contracts

Trademarks

Inspections

Programs

Advertising cards

Advertising fliers

Print advertising

Legal documents

Travelogs

Souvenir programs

Business cards

Concert programs

Publications

Commercial correspondence

Correspondence

Receipts

Theater programs

Business records

Legal records

Business ephemera

Invoices

Bills of sale

Ships' logs

Technical reports

Reports

Letterheads

Ephemera

Design patents

Travel brochures

Legislation (legal concepts)

Business letters

Timetables

Travel diaries

Printed ephemera

Place:

New York (N.Y.) -- Transportation

Hudson River

Date:

1777-1965

Summary:

A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Accounting and Bookkeeping forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana

Scope and Contents:

Minimally covers the terminus of the wind-powered (sail) era and more fully documents the peak of the engine (steam) era of commercial cargo and passenger vesselsk, including freight and dockage services, maintenance and provisioning, ferry service, navigation (tug and tow) assistance, plus leisure cruising and touring. There is not a significant amount of material on battle or war ships. Includes both short distance routes such as lakes, rivers, and islets, and longer trans-oceanic crossings.

Documents within the collection consist of handbills, broadsides, leaflets, books, business cards, advertisements, insurance forms, wreck reports, passenger lists, baggage tags, freight manifests, rate cards, correspondence on letterhead stationery, booklets, newspaper clippings, postcards, menus, periodicals, manuals, photographs, engravings, woodcuts, sketches, bills of lading, receipts, catalogues, ledgers, journals, purchase orders, broadsides, brochures, custom forms, schedules, shipping and receiving documents, early steam guides, timetables, lithographs, announcements, etc. There are no navigational nautical maps. There is very little in the way of international import/export records. However, domestic and North American freight services are well-covered through invoices, bills of lading, manifests, and receipts for goods and services.

Some materials cover the history and development of steamships, particularly in the latter half of the nineteenth century with the iron screw replacing the wooden paddle steamer in the 1850s. The late 1860s brought the compound engine, which led to the steamship, previously used for the conveyance of mails and passengers, to compete with the sailing vessel in the carriage of cargo for long voyages. The 1870s brought improvements in accommodation for the passenger, with the midship saloon, conveniences in state-rooms, and covered access to smoke rooms and ladies cabins.

Ownership of specific lines and vessels was very fluid throughout shipping history, including the renaming of vessels. Mergers, dissolution, and absorption of fleets were frequent. Thus, researchers should independently seek out a more detailed history for any entity of particular interest.

The general maritime business series focuses on good and services related to maritime operations such as repair, shipbuilding, parts, ticket agents, chandlers, groceries, coal supply, dockage, wharfs/marinas, etc.

Operation records of named vessels contains primarily bills of lading and similar receipts for the movement of material goods or in-water services such as tow and tug assistance.

The largest series covering shipping lines and conglomerates offers a wide assortment of miscellaneous, nonexhaustive operation records for cargo and passenger lines and corporations, typically those with multiple holdings. These documents may include receipts, bills of lading, correspondence, and financial ledgers, plus promotional material for services and routes offered. Passenger sailings and luxury cruise documentation may contain menus, passenger lists, itineraries, shore excursion information, souveniers such as luggage tags, ticket stubs, and postcards. See also the subject category Menus, for additional examples of passenger and cruise ship menus.

When not associated with any of the above, general examples of materials related to the industry have been by arranged by their material type such as images, reports, and serial publications. More formal documentation, especially legal and reports, can be found here.

Narrative type materials related to lore, history, and building and design specifications have been sorted by subject. A scarce amount of material covers ships used for military service. Likewise, there are a few examples of maritime related material from the art world, mostly in the form of catalogues for exhibits or auction of paintings and scale models.

A note on vessel names: those used as contract carriers of mail and when in service, were entitled to unique prefix designations such as Royal Mail Ship (RMS.), otherwise, the ship name may be preceded by the more generic S.S. for single-screw steamer or steamship, SV for sailing vessel, PS for paddle steamer, RV for research vessel or similar type prefix. USS is the standard for the United States Navy commissioned ships while in commission, with HMS used for His/Her Majesty's Ship of the British Royal Navy.

Some of the major lines/companies represented in the collection include: American Line, American Steamship Company, Anchor Line, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, Cunard-Anchor Line, Cunard Line, Cunard Steam Ship Company, Limited, Cunard White Star Line, Eastern Steamship Lines, Furness, Withy & Company, Hamburg American Line (HAPAG) / Hamburg Amerika Linie, Holland America Line (N.A.S.M. / HAL), Inman Line, International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM), International Navigation Company, North German Lloyd (Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen), Panama Pacific Line, Peninsular and Oriental, Red Star Line, Royal Mail Steam Packet, U.S. Mail Steamship Company, United States Lines, White Star Line.

Arrangement:

Ships, Boats, and Vessels is arranged in three subseries.

Business Records and Marketing Material

General Maritime Businesses



Operation Records of Named Vessels



Shipping Lines/Conglomerates

Miscellaneous Business Records and Marketing Material

Genre

Keepsakes

Images

Ledger

Legal

News Clippings

Regulatory

Reports

Serial Publications

Stamps/Cigarette Cards

Associations and Societies

Images, Artwork, Racing, Technical Literature

Subject

Battleships, Warships

Destination Guides

Employment and Licensing

Insurance

Maritime History

Maritime Models and Art

Revue Generale Des Sciences

Warshaw Administrative Records

Related Materials:

Several other Warshaw Subject Categories may have closely related material such as Submarines and Transportation. For casual and recreational boating see Boats and Boating Equipment and Yachts. Other subject categories that may have related materials include: Canals, Dredging, Engines, Menus, Railroads (point of common transportation transfer), and Tours. .

Forms Part Of:

Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.

Missing Title

Series 1: Business Ephemera

Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers

Series 4: Photographic Reference Material

Provenance:

Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels] is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Passenger ships  Search this

Marine machinery  Search this

Ships  Search this

Shipbuilding industry  Search this

Ferries  Search this

Transportation -- Japan  Search this

River boats  Search this

Marine engines  Search this

Boats  Search this

Transportation -- Far Eastern  Search this

Ships -- Equipment and supplies  Search this

Merchant Marine -- Manning of vessels -- United States  Search this

Docks  Search this

Health  Search this

Ocean liners  Search this

Merchant Marine -- United States  Search this

Ships -- Far Eastern  Search this

Rivers  Search this

Transportation -- river boat  Search this

World War, 1939-1945 -- Merchant Marine  Search this

Harbors  Search this

Trade associations  Search this

Transportation -- 1900-1910  Search this

Boats and boating  Search this

Water transport -- 18th century  Search this

Boats -- Southeast Asia  Search this

Cargo  Search this

Local transit -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Sailboats  Search this

Waterways  Search this

Sailing  Search this

Transportation -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Local transit  Search this

Scientific expeditions  Search this

Water transfer  Search this

Transportation -- History  Search this

Wharves  Search this

Steamboats  Search this

Boats -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Transportation  Search this

Public health  Search this

Marine engineers  Search this

Ocean travel  Search this

Seamen -- 1910-1920  Search this

Musical performances  Search this

Transportation -- Law and legislation -- United States  Search this

Merchant seamen  Search this

Marine engineering  Search this

Models and modelmaking  Search this

Navigation  Search this

Seamen -- 1940-1950  Search this

Travel  Search this

Importers  Search this

Shipping  Search this

Cruise ships  Search this

Ships -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Flags  Search this

Exports -- 19th century  Search this

Genre/Form:

Menus -- Ships -- 1940-1950

Menus

Bills

Ships' passenger lists

Patents

Legislative documents

Photographs

Advertisements

Advertising mail

Advertising

Illustrations

Contracts

Trademarks

Inspections

Programs

Advertising cards

Advertising fliers

Print advertising

Legal documents

Travelogs

Souvenir programs

Business cards

Concert programs

Publications

Commercial correspondence

Correspondence

Receipts

Theater programs

Publications -- Business

Business records

Legal records

Business ephemera

Invoices

Bills of sale

Ships' logs

Technical reports

Reports

Letterheads

Ephemera

Design patents

Travel brochures

Legislation (legal concepts)

Business letters

Timetables

Travel diaries

Printed ephemera

Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Ships, Boats, and Vessels, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Steamboats

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels]

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8cc542278-2f59-4b3b-9008-a8b7679a46b5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-steamboats

Collector:

Robert E. Kuntz  Search this

William H. Wells  Search this

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Pacific  Search this

Type Citation:

Dooley, J. K. 1978. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. No. 411: 38.

Type Status:

Paratype

Place:

Taiwan, Tou-Cheng, I-Lan Hsien, Taiwan, Pacific

Collection Date:

1960

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii, Neopterygii, Acanthopterygii, Perciformes, Percoidei, Malacanthidae

Published Name:

Branchiostegus albus Dooley

Accession Number:

228143

USNM Number:

191187

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/361594a8a-9a8f-4e71-b65c-37cc08d8b611

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5056454

Creator:

Fulton, Garland, 1890-1974  Search this

Names:

United States. Navy -- Aviation  Search this

Extent:

20.8 Cubic feet (45 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Correspondence

Memorandums

Photographs

Technical reports

Date:

1914-1964

bulk 1918-1945

Summary:

This collection consists of material gathered by Captain Garland Fulton, USN. Comprising 20 cubic feet, the Fulton Papers includes correspondence and memoranda regarding the U.S. Navy's LTA program from the 1920s to the beginnings of the expansion of the Navy's LTA program prior to World War II. There is also extensive material on Naval airship policy, and on defense policy between the world wars. As head of the Lighter-than-Air Design Section of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Fulton was an insider in the art of defense procurement and spending - his memoranda and letters provide an illuminating look into defense policy and congressional affairs between the World Wars. Of particular interest is Fulton's correspondence from his service as Inspector of Naval Aircraft during the construction of the USS Los Angeles in Friedrichshafen, Germany, 1922-1924. His correspondence with other leading figures in LTA and naval affairs - William A. Moffett, Ernest J. King, Jerome Hunsaker, Karl Arnstein, Hugo Eckener, F. W. von Meister, and Charles E. Rosendahl are an invaluable resource of the heroic period of airship development. The collection also includes technical data on airships, airship design, and naval architecture. There are many photographs, including photos documenting the construction and the first flight of the Los Angeles.

Scope and Contents:

The Garland Fulton Collection consists of material gathered by Captain Garland Fulton, USN (1890-1975), naval officer and proponent of lighter than air (LTA) flight. The collection was originally donated by Fulton's estate to the U.S. Naval Historical Foundation of Washington D.C. in 1979, and was transferred to the National Air and Space Museum as a permanent deposit in 1982. The collection was formally donated to NASM in May of 2000. Comprising 16 cubic feet, the Fulton Papers includes correspondence and memoranda regarding the US Navy's LTA program from the 1920s to the beginnings of the expansion of the Navy's LTA program prior to World War II. There is also extensive material on Naval airship policy, and on defense policy between the world wars. As head of the Lighter-Than-Air Design Section of the Bureau of Aeronautics, Fulton was an insider in the art of defense procurement and spending --his memoranda and letters provide an illuminating look into defense policy and congressional affairs between the World Wars. Of particular interest is Fulton's correspondence from his service as Inspector of Naval Aircraft during the construction of the USS Los Angeles in Friedrichshafen, Germany, 1922-1924. His correspondence with other leading figures in LTA and naval affairs --William A. Moffett, Ernest J. King, Jerome Hunsaker, Karl Arnstein, Hugo Eckener, F.W. von Meister, and Charles E. Rosendahl are an invaluable resource of the heroic period of airship development.

The collection also includes technical data on airships, airship design, and naval architecture. There are many photographs, including photos documenting the construction of the Los Angeles.

The collection includes books on lighter-than-air history naval history, and engineering. A number of the books have been transferred to the NASM branch of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries; others were transferred with the permission of the Fulton family to other institutions. Several books with personal inscriptions were retained with the collection.

The collection also includes a series of photographs of airships, including many detailing the construction and first flight of the Los Angeles.

Arrangement:

The Garland Fulton Collection is arranged in the following series:

Series I: Personal Files, Correspondence, Fulton's Writings

Subseries 1 --Biography, personal papers

Subseries 2 --Correspondence

Subseries 3 --Papers, articles, and notes by Garland Fulton

Series II: Lighter Than Air (LTA)

Subseries 1 --Navy airships; Navy LTA policy and doctrine

Subseries 2 --Civilian and foreign airships

Subseries 3 --LTA, general

Subseries 4 --LTA articles, papers and data

Subseries 5 --LTA general publications

Subseries 6 --LTA gases

Series III: Aeronautics, general

Series IV: Publications, Papers, Reports, Journals

Subseries 1 --Arranged by organization and/or individuals

Subseries 2 --Technical papers, reports, journals

Subseries 3 --Magazines, journals, papers, reports

Subseries 4 --Newspapers, clippings

Series V: US Navy, general

Series VI: Miscellaneous documents

Series VII: Photographs

Series VIII: Books

Series IX: Oversized Material

Biographical / Historical:

Captain Garland Fulton, USN, one of the U.S. Navy's leading proponents of lighter-than-air (LTA) flight, was born in University, Mississippi on May 6, 1890. He was appointed to the U.S. Naval Academy in 1908. His roommate at the Academy was Richard E. Byrd (1888-1957), and another classmate was Donald W. Douglas, later founder of the Douglas Aircraft Company. Serving at the Academy during Fulton's career as a midshipman was Lieutenant Ernest J. King, later head of the Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer), 1933-1937, and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet (COMINCH) during World War II. An early advocate of naval aviation, King sparked Fulton's interest in aeronautics. Fulton graduated from the Naval Academy in 1912. Following duty with the fleet, Fulton attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), studying naval architecture and, under Commander (and Dr.) Jerome C. Hunsaker, aeronautical engineering. Fulton received his master's degree in 1916. Fulton entered the Naval Construction Corps in 1915, serving in the Industrial Department at the New York Navy Yard, where, during World War I, he was in charge of mounting guns on armed merchant ships. In May 1918, Fulton asked to be assigned to aeronautical engineering duties in the Aviation Section of the Navy's Bureau of Construction and Repair. Fulton transferred to the Bureau of Aeronautics when that organization was founded in 1921. In 1922, now a lieutenant commander, Fulton was sent to Europe to assist in the negotiations for the purchase of the "Reparations Airship" to replace the German rigid airships that had been awarded to the United States by the Versailles Treaty but were destroyed by their crews before transfer to the US. As Inspector of Naval Aircraft (INA), Fulton served at the Zeppelin works (Luftschiffbau-Zeppelin) at Friedrichshafen, Germany during the construction and flight trials of the rigid airship LZ 126. Assigned the service designation ZR-3, the airship was christened the USS Los Angeles upon its delivery to the US Navy at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station, NJ in 1924. Fulton resumed his service at the Bureau of Aeronautics in Washington DC after the completion of Los Angeles. As head of the Bureau's Lighter-Than-Air Design Section until his retirement, Fulton oversaw the design and construction of the USS Akron (ZRS-4) and the USS Macon (ZRS-5), and worked actively to help further the acceptance of large airships in both the Navy and in commerce. Under Fulton's guidance, expansion of the Navy's non-rigid airship (blimp) program was initiated in the years prior to the United States' entry into World War II.

Garland Fulton retired from the Navy with the rank of captain in 1940 and joined the Cramp Shipbuilding Company of Philadelphia as a director. After retirement from Cramps as vice president in charge of engineering in 1947, Fulton served on several corporate boards of directors. In later years, Fulton was a frequent unofficial consultant to the Navy and industry on LTA issues. He continued to correspond with other participants of the airship age, including Admiral Thomas G.W. "Tex" Settle, Admiral C.E. Rosendahl, Commodore George H. Mills (NASM Collection 1994-0022), Jerome C. Hunsaker (NASM Collection XXXX-0001), Karl Arnstein, and F.W. "Willy" von Meister. As the dean of American airshipmen, Fulton frequently served as a source of information to airship historians like Douglas Robinson, Richard Smith, Robin Hingham, and William Althoff. Fulton wrote extensively on LTA and aeronautical history, and planned to write a history of U.S. Naval Aviation until prevented by failing health. Garland Fulton died on October 24, 1974 --the same day as his friend George Mills. They were buried on the same day in Arlington National Cemetery.

Provenance:

Naval Aviation History Foundation, Gift, 1981

Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at http://airandspace.si.edu/permissions

Topic:

USS Los Angeles ( ZR-3)  Search this

Aeronautics  Search this

USS Akron (ZRS-4)  Search this

Airships  Search this

USS Macon (ZRS-5)  Search this

Genre/Form:

Correspondence

Memorandums

Photographs

Technical reports

Citation:

Garland Fulton Collection, Accession XXXX-0101, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NASM.XXXX.0101

See more items in:

Garland Fulton Collection

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg219885ad7-0ab6-4bd1-97eb-2da9e486e6b9

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nasm-xxxx-0101

Manufacturer:

Crosley Corporation  Search this

Section T OSRD  Search this

Materials:

Cap - plastic, body - metal, elecgtronics and glass components

Case - steel

Dimensions:

Other: 2 1/4 in. diameter x 8 in. tall (5.7 x 20.3cm)

Type:

ARMAMENT-Miscellaneous

Country of Origin:

United States of America

Credit Line:

Gift of James A. Van Allen and the University of Iowa.

Inventory Number:

A19940233000

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Location:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA

Exhibit Station:

Space Science

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv98bcc0af2-28c9-45d9-a3fe-fcaeb6c063ec

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A19940233000

Creator:

Curtiss-Wright Corporation  Search this

Names:

Curtiss-Wright Airports Corporation  Search this

Keystone Aircraft Corp  Search this

Extent:

212.29 Cubic feet (598 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Motion pictures (visual works)

Reports

Drawings

Financial records

Date:

1868-1972

bulk 1925-1949

Summary:

This collection consists of the corporate records of the Curtiss-Wright Corporation. Included in the collection are technical and engineering reports of Curtiss-Wright Airplane Division's operations in St. Louis (Robertson), MO (1935-1945) and Buffalo, NY, (1932-1945), as well as AAS Material Division and AAF Air Technical Services Command memorandum reports collected by Curtiss-Wright's St. Louis and Buffalo technical reference libraries. The collection also contains the files of Curtiss-Wright's Patent Department, which hold records of patents filed by Curtiss-Wright and patent-infringement cases involving Curtiss-Wright. Also included in the collection are specifications issued by and photos commissioned by the Keystone Aircraft Corporation (Huff-Daland Airplanes, Inc. until March 1927), which had been acquired by Wright in 1928 along with Loening Aeronautical Engineering Corp., and formed the Keystone Division of Curtiss-Wright until 1932 when Keystone's Bristol, PA factory closed its doors. The collection also contains financial records of the Curtiss-Wright Airports Corporation, which was liquidated in 1936, as well as an extensive negative collection featuring Curtiss-Wright aircraft from the 1930s and 1940s, concentrated especially on the war years.

Scope and Contents:

The Curtiss-Wright Corporation Records collection contains approximately 212 cubic feet of material. The collection contains the following material:

Army Air Service Material Division & Army Air Force Technical Services Command Memo

Reports & Technical Reports which include testing of various Curtiss-Wright models of aircraft and/or various parts of aircraft

Technical & Engineering Reports from the St. Louis, MO plant [Robertson] & Buffalo, NY plant

Patents, Patent Dockets, Patent Serial numbers, Suits, License Agreements, Patents filed by Curtiss-Wright & Patent Infringement Cases [1800s to 1940s]

Miscellaneous Research Files

Corporate & Financial Records [1923 to 1972]

Correspondence

Blueprint Drawings

Advertisements from Newspapers & Magazines in Scrapbooks

Engine Decals

Photographs

Negatives & Glass Plates

Arrangement:

This collection was arranged into Series and Subseries:

Series I: Curtiss-Wright Corporation Records

Subseries I: Corporation Reports\Records Subseries II: Patents Subseries III: Patent Serial Numbers Subseries IV: Patent Application/Dockets Subseries V: Patent Litigation Subseries VI: Aircraft & Engine Designations arranged by Designation Subseries VII: Photographs Subseries VIII: Keystone Aircraft Corporation Subseries IX: Oversize Scrapbooks of Advertising Material, Newspaper Clippings

Series II: Technical Reports

Subseries I: Air Corps Materiel Division, Reports [ACMR] Subseries II: Buffalo Reports Subseries III: St. Louis

Series III: Glass Format Photography

Series IV: 1969 Accretion - Listing of Archival Material

Series V: Master Print Books [this part of the collection has not been processed]

Historical note:

An historic event in aviation occurred on June 26, 1929 when two major aircraft companies: the Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company merged with the Wright Aeronautical Corporation to form the Curtiss-Wright Corporation. After this merger, the former Wright organization took over all of the engine and propeller manufacture while Curtiss concentrated on airplanes. This merger was completed by organizing two major divisions under their original names, but under the direction of a corporate headquarters located in New York City. However, there was a recognized separation of spirit as well as specialized facilities that was never completely resolved in succeeding years. The election of former Wright personnel to key corporate positions soon led to Wright becoming the dominant division. At the height of the Lindbergh Boom during the 1920s and 1930s, the Curtiss-Wright Corporation was made up of the following identified organizations: The Curtiss Aeroplane & Motor Company; The Curtiss-Caproni Corporation; The Curtiss-Robertson Airplane Manufacturing Company; The Keystone Aircraft Corporation; The Moth Aircraft Corporation; The Travel Air Manufacturing Company; The Wright Aeronautical Corporation; Curtiss-Wright Flying Service; The Curtiss-Wright Sales Corporation; The Curtiss-Wright Export Corporation. Curtiss-Wright was quickly becoming the 'General Motors of the Air' until the great depression in October 1929. Sales dropped and Curtiss-Wright was forced to close certain satellite plants and transfer some of their product lines to the St. Louis facility. It looked like even the Buffalo plants would also have to close when Curtiss-Wright received an order from Colombia, South America for Hawks and Falcons. This was the largest military order to Curtiss since the war. The Colombia sale saved the Curtiss-Wright organization at this low point in its history. This order kept the production lines going until new military and civil markets began to open up as the depression waned and the build-up for World War II began. During the U.S. military build-up prior to the attack on Pearl Harbor, all existing Curtiss-Wright plants were expanded and new aircraft factories were built at Columbus, Ohio and Louisville, Kentucky. The dropping of the two atomic bombs on Japan resulted in an unexpected early end to World War II. All of the major U.S. airplane builders including Curtiss-Wright were hit by massive contract cancellations because of the Japanese surrender. In 1946 Curtiss-Wright had only two experimental military models at hand for postwar delivery and no assurance of production orders. Curtiss-Wright was forced to shut down all airplane plants and transfer all units of the Aeroplane Division to their Columbus Plant. The eventual sale of the Airplane Division to North American included design rights to the former Curtiss-Wright airplanes. The Curtiss-Wright Airplane Division, which manufactured airframes, finally closed down in 1951.

Provenance:

Curtiss-Wright Corporation, gift, XXXX, 1969

Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Topic:

Aeronautics  Search this

Curtiss, General, Aircraft  Search this

Aeronautics, Commercial -- United States  Search this

Curtiss-Wright aircraft  Search this

Aeronautics, Military  Search this

Genre/Form:

Motion pictures (visual works)

Reports

Drawings

Financial records

Citation:

Curtiss-Wright Corporation Records, Acc. XXXX-0067, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NASM.XXXX.0067

See more items in:

Curtiss-Wright Corporation Records

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg21b19fbef-7db3-4c81-be86-3bb02ecbfee0

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nasm-xxxx-0067

Collection Creator:

Fulton, Garland, 1890-1974  Search this

Container:

Box 24, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at http://airandspace.si.edu/permissions

Collection Citation:

Garland Fulton Collection, Accession XXXX-0101, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Garland Fulton Collection

Garland Fulton Collection / Series 2: Lighter Than Air (LTA) / 2.4: LTA papers, articles, and data

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2b390fccc-5556-429f-b39f-c30c38da6912

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0101-ref207

Collection Creator:

Fulton, Garland, 1890-1974  Search this

Container:

Box 30, Folder 9

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at http://airandspace.si.edu/permissions

Collection Citation:

Garland Fulton Collection, Accession XXXX-0101, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Garland Fulton Collection

Garland Fulton Collection / Series 3: Aeronautics, General

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg27afb0104-3748-4b1e-9196-b8a12982da43

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0101-ref256

Collection Creator:

Fulton, Garland, 1890-1974  Search this

Container:

Box 33, Folder 1

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at http://airandspace.si.edu/permissions

Collection Citation:

Garland Fulton Collection, Accession XXXX-0101, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Garland Fulton Collection

Garland Fulton Collection / Series 4: Publications, Papers, Reports, Journals / 4.1: Publications arranged by organization and/or individuals

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2c3d82390-5053-44a8-943b-95ce56d0dc50

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0101-ref996

Collection Creator:

Fulton, Garland, 1890-1974  Search this

Container:

Box 33, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at http://airandspace.si.edu/permissions

Collection Citation:

Garland Fulton Collection, Accession XXXX-0101, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Garland Fulton Collection

Garland Fulton Collection / Series 4: Publications, Papers, Reports, Journals / 4.1: Publications arranged by organization and/or individuals

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg20ad69f08-2145-4f27-9d42-d7edcbf56472

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0101-ref997

Creator:

General Electric Company  Search this

Gotti, Mary Beth  Search this

National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Information, Technology and Society  Search this

Extent:

5 Cubic feet (22 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Travel diaries

Advertisements

Diaries

Blotters (writing equipment)

Business records

Manuals

Lantern slides

Stock certificates

Stereographs

Scrapbooks

Photographs

Date:

circa 1890s-1969

Summary:

The collection documents the technology of lighting and various business aspects of the General Electric Lighting Division throughout the 20th century and consists of correspondence, bulletins, price lists, business record books, stock certificates, sales and advertising materials, scrapbooks, photographs, and lantern slides.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of approximately five cubic feet of correspondence, bulletins, price lists, business record books, stock certificates, sales and advertising materials, scrapbooks, photographs, and lantern slides. The collection documents the technology of lighting and various business aspects of the GE Lighting Division throughout the twentieth century.

Series 1, Historical Background Materials, 1910-1969, contains documentation on the history of the National Electric Lamp Company and the development of the incandescent lamp. The European Diary of 1928 is a narrative written by three General Electric employees—Samuel Doane, Chief Engineer, Joseph Kewley, Sales Manager, and George Osborn, Sales Manager. This narrative describes their business trip to Europe in the spring of 1928. It contains black-and-white photographs, menus, brochures, maps, postcards, and drawings detailing their travels in Paris, Nice, Milan, Venice, Berlin, Amsterdam, and England. The Record of Accomplishment, 1969, is a chronological listing (time line) of various events and/or accomplishments within General Electric.

Series 2, Executive Records, 1903-1955, consists of correspondence, annual reports, and technical standardization notices. The technical standardization notices were created by the Standardization Committee. This committee made decisions on how to facilitate and increase sales, improve quality, cheapen cost, and further the interests of the members of the Lamp Association. The reports cover a variety of subjects such as packing boxes, felt washers, high candle power lamps, and tabulating machines. Many of the reports contain black-and-white photographs. The Lamp Committee Reports seek to detail the demand for incandescent lamps and their improvements.

Series 3, House Organs, 1919-1959, contains documentation on in-house publications for General Electric. The Stimulator, 1919-1920, promoted "lighting profits and cemented friendliness, cooperation, progress, and quality." The Lamp Letter, 1947-1950, was published by the Lamp Department and dealt specifically with lamp-related issues. The Lamp Department Bulletin, 1947-1950, was produced for GE personnel and dealt with a variety of issues from sales to lamp types to licensing issues. The See Better—Work Better Bulletin, 1959, was published by the Lamp Division as a service to industrial and commercial lamp users.

Series 4, Sales and Advertising Materials, 1910-1955, includes price lists for lamps from both General Electric and other companies, manufacturers' schedules, data books, sales notebooks for sales representatives, and Edison Mazda Lamp advertising cards. The advertising cards are approximately 3" x 6" and are in color. They contain ad slogans such as "His Only Rival," "Satisfied Customer," Edison's Dream Comes True," "Have You Electricity?" and "I like Lots of Light."

Series 5, NELA School of Lighting Records, 1920-1930, documents the school, now known as the GE Lighting Institute, for training sales people and customers in the proper application of various lighting products. The records contain quarterly reports and general and lighting course descriptions.

Series 6, Business and Stock Records, 1890-1912, contains record and minute books and stock certificates from other lamp companies. The record books contain correspondence, resolutions, stockholder information, and committee reports.

Series 7, Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1890s-circa 1950, contains one scrapbook from 1923 with black and white photographs, clippings, correspondence, charts, telegrams, and booklets documenting General Electric's Nela Park location. The photo albums contain black and white photographs of staff, lamps, bulbs, tubing, tabulating, filaments, lead wires, stems, mounts, and lighting installations. The scrapbook and photo albums have indices.

Series 8, Lantern Slides, 1880-1950, consists of glass plates of Edison, images of people in the work place, and lighting equipment.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into eight series.

Series 1, Historical Background Materials, 1910-1969

Series 2, Executive Records, 1903-1955

Subseries 1.1, Correspondence, 1909-1922

Subseries 1.2, Annual Reports, 1949-1955

Subseries 1.3, Technical Reports, 1903-1935

Subseries 1.4, Standardization Committee, 1903-1908

Subseries 1.5, Lamp Committee, 1909-1935

Series 3, House Organs, 1919-1959

Series 4, Sales and Advertising Materials, 1914-1953

Subseries 4.1, Miniature Mazda Lamps, 1914-1935

Subseries 4.2, Large Mazda Lamps, 1914-1934

Subseries 4.3, Carbon Lamps, 1915-1922

Subseries 4.4, Miscellaneous, 1914-1953

Series 5, NELA School of Lighting, 1920-1930

Series 6, Business and Stock Records, 1890-1912

Subseries 1, Business Records, 1890-1912

Subseries 2, Stock Records & Certificates, 1890-1912

Series 7, Scrapbooks and Photographs, 1890s-circa 1950

Series 8, Lantern Slides, 1880-1950

Biographical / Historical:

Established in 1911, Nela Park (named for the National Electric Lamp Association) in Cleveland, Ohio, has through the present day served as both administrative headquarters and research laboratory for the development and sale of General Electric's (GE) lighting products. In the years following Thomas Edison's electric lamp invention (1879) many companies began to make and sell lighting devices. A merger of Edison Electric and Thomson-Houston Electric in 1892 created GE, which quickly grew to dominate the market. Westinghouse and several much smaller companies struggled to compete. These smaller lamp companies could not afford engineering and research facilities on a scale comparable with those of General Electric.

The National Electric Lamp Company was organized on May 3, 1901, by Franklin S. Terry (Sunbeam Incandescent Lamp Company), and Burton G. Tremaine, H. A. Tremaine and J. Robert Crouse (all from Fostoria Bulb and Bottle Company and Fostoria Incandescent Lamp Company). Terry suggested that the small companies band together to operate an engineering department, conduct lamp research and development, improve manufacturing methods, and build better lamp-making machinery. He further proposed to raise capital from and share patents with GE. This built upon an earlier organization, the Incandescent Lamp Manufacturers Association, organized by GE in 1896. The new National Electric Lamp Company was a holding company in which—unknown even to many of the smaller companies' executives—GE held a controlling (75%) interest. In 1911, GE's involvement with National became public during anti-trust proceedings. GE then purchased the outstanding stock and absorbed the smaller companies by converting them into divisional units.

Thomas Edison had, in 1882, moved his company's lamp manufacturing operation from the Menlo Park laboratory to a new facility in East Newark (Harrison), New Jersey. Named the Edison Lamp Works, this plant became the main administrative and sales facility for Edison Electric's and later GE's, lamp business. Research moved to Edison's new West Orange laboratory. In 1900, after the merger, GE established a research lab in Schenectady, New York. After forming National, Terry and B. G. Tremaine consolidated the administrative functions of that company in Cleveland and by 1910 were actively seeking space for a new office and laboratory campus. They selected a site along Euclid Avenue that was then on the outskirts of town. This became Nela Park (the "Company" had changed to "Association" in 1906). In addition to the National buildings, GE began moving its directly-owned lamp operations to Cleveland after the 1911 settlement. From 1925 through 1930 the various departments at Harrison moved to Nela Park, with the sales department being one of the last to move. GE's lighting research was carried out at both Nela Park and Schenectady.

A focal-point at Nela Park is the GE Lighting Institute, formerly known as the Nela School of Lighting. Organized by the Illuminating Engineering Section of the Engineering Department in 1921, the Lighting Institute continues to train sales people and customers in the use and proper application of various lighting products.

For additional information about Nela Park, General Electric and the National Electric Lamp Company see:

Arthur A. Bright, Jr., The Electric Lamp Industry, MacMillan, 1949.

Harold C. Passer, The Electrical Manufacturers, 1875-1900, Harvard University Press, 1953.

Leonard S. Reich, "Lighting the Path to Profit: GE's Control of the Electric Lamp Industry, 1892-1941," in Business History Review Vol. 66, pages 305-34.

Hollis L. Townsend, A History of Nela Park: 1911-1957, published by General Electric.

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center

William J. Hammer Collection (AC0069)

Separated Materials:

The Division of Work and Industry (Electricity-related collections) hold several artifacts. See accession numbers: 33,407; 43,120; 68,492; 232,822; 1997.0388 and 1998.0231.

Provenance:

The collection was donated to the Division of Information Technology and Society (now the Division of Work and Industry) by Mary Beth Gotti, Manager of the General Electric Lighting Institute on March 22, 2001.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Electricity  Search this

Electric lighting  Search this

Genre/Form:

Travel diaries

Advertisements

Diaries -- 19th century

Blotters (writing equipment)

Business records

Diaries -- 20th century

Manuals

Lantern slides

Stock certificates

Stereographs

Scrapbooks

Photographs -- 19th century

Citation:

General Electric Nela Park Collection, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0789

See more items in:

General Electric NELA Park Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89d3df569-a94b-4a8d-9aca-799c03a1c72f

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0789

Expedition:

Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910  Search this

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Pacific, Balayan Bay  Search this

Vessel:

Albatross  Search this

Depth (m):

432 - 432

Type Citation:

Springer, S. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 67.

Type Status:

Paratype

Place:

Sombrero Island, South 41 degrees East, 4.50 miles; China Sea off southern Luzon, Batangas, Philippines, Pacific

Collection Date:

16 Jan 1908

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Galeus schultzi Springer

Accession Number:

065731

Other Numbers:

Tin Tag : 4699

USNM Number:

122307

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/39a78ca85-0bde-422e-b34c-07b48b3fe800

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5039506

Expedition:

Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910  Search this

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Pacific, Balayan Bay  Search this

Vessel:

Albatross  Search this

Depth (m):

391 - 391

Type Citation:

Springer, S. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 67.

Type Status:

Paratype

Place:

Cape Santiago Lighthouse, North 73 degrees West, 6.7 miles; Balayan Bay, Luzon, Batangas, Philippines, Pacific

Collection Date:

22 Feb 1909

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Galeus schultzi Springer

Accession Number:

065731

Other Numbers:

Linen Tag : 2809

Linen Tag : 2810

USNM Number:

122311

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3b5823888-b5eb-473e-a236-432a03043cc8

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5039509

Expedition:

Albatross Philippine Expedition, 1907-1910  Search this

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Pacific, Balayan Bay  Search this

Vessel:

Albatross  Search this

Depth (m):

329 - 329

Type Citation:

Springer, S. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 67.

Type Status:

Holotype

Place:

Cape Santiago Lighthouse, South 79 degrees West, 4.5 miles; Balayan Bay, Luzon, Batangas, Philippines, Pacific

Collection Date:

20 Feb 1909

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Galeus schultzi Springer

Accession Number:

065731

Other Numbers:

Tin Tag : 2804

USNM Number:

122312

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3ad972ecd-d16a-48de-8546-18506198db30

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5039510

Collector:

United States Bureau of Fisheries  Search this

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Pacific  Search this

Vessel:

Albatross  Search this

Type Citation:

Springer, S. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 108.

Gilbert, C. H. 28 Mar 1892 ["1892"]. Proceedings of the United States National Museum. 14 (880): 540.

Type Status:

Paralectotype

Syntype

Place:

California: Santa Barbara Is., Santa Barbara County, California, United States, Pacific

Collection Date:

7 Jan 1889

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Catulus xaniurus Gilbert

Accession Number:

026795

USNM Number:

125059

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f7fb4d6a-cbec-494b-91dc-b125740e61d5

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5040185

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Atlantic, Caribbean Sea  Search this

Vessel:

Oregon II  Search this

Depth (m):

686

Type Citation:

Springer, S. & Heemstra, P. C. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 16, figs. 10-13.

Type Status:

Holotype

Place:

Off Anguilla, Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea., Anguilla, Atlantic

Collection Date:

6 Dec 1969

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Apristurus canutus Springer & Heemstra

Accession Number:

294076

USNM Number:

206176

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e05c895e-1fb2-4558-a512-e78f5cd4f2aa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5065742

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico  Search this

Vessel:

Oregon II  Search this

Depth (m):

1116

Type Citation:

Springer, S. & Heemstra, P. C. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 25, fig. 15; table 1.

Type Status:

Holotype

Place:

Off Florida, Gulf of Mexico, south of Florida panhandle, continental slope., Florida, United States, Atlantic

Collection Date:

15 Jan 1970

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Apristurus parvipinnis Springer & Heemstra

Accession Number:

294076

USNM Number:

206178

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/340f8cc55-0900-49b0-b1eb-185ba1540a73

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5065744

Ocean/Sea/Gulf:

Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico  Search this

Vessel:

Oregon II  Search this

Depth (m):

1116

Type Citation:

Springer, S. & Heemstra, P. C. Apr 1979 ["1979"]. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS Circular. 422: 25, fig. 15; table 1.

Type Status:

Paratype

Place:

Off Florida, Gulf of Mexico, south of Florida panhandle, continental slope., Florida, United States, Atlantic

Collection Date:

15 Jan 1970

Taxonomy:

Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Chondrichthyes, Chondrichthyes, Elasmobranchii, Euselachii, Carcharhiniformes, Scyliorhinidae

Published Name:

Apristurus parvipinnis Springer & Heemstra

Accession Number:

294076

USNM Number:

206179

See more items in:

Vertebrate Zoology

Fishes

Data Source:

NMNH - Vertebrate Zoology - Fishes Division

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3da463531-879e-4a72-b654-6639033790b7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhvz_5065745