National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of History of Technology Search this
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering Search this
Extent:
270 Cubic feet (233 boxes, 850 oversize folders)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Linen tracings
Paper flimsies
Business records
Design drawings
Blueprints
Patents
Specifications
Reports
Photograph albums
Photographs
Trade literature
Date:
1784-2004, undated
bulk 1915-1930
Summary:
The engineering firm that became Lockwood Greene was founded by David Whitman, a mill engineer, in 1832. Amos D. Lockwood, a consultant, succeeded Whitman and entered a partnership with Stephen Greene in 1882. The firm specialized in industrial engineering and construction; they designed and built a wide variety of structures and work environments worldwide over the next century. Lockwood Greene was acquired by CH2M HILL in December, 2003. Before its acquisition by CH2MHILL it was reportedly the oldest industrial engineering, construction, and professional services firm in the United States.
Scope and Contents:
The Lockwood Greene records are a comprehensive range of documents related to the appraisal, building, construction, design, evaluation, and engineering of facilities for a variety of clients. The material covers the entire period of industrialization of the United States, and, provides a thorough record of the textile industry, both in New England and the South. Some of the textile mills are documented with unusual completeness, showing water and steam power layouts, factory village plans, and landscaping schedules. A broad range of other building typologies is also covered, including projects with public or retail functions, such as early automobile showrooms, hospitals, apartments and private dwellings, churches, and schools.
In-depth study of the company's earliest history is hampered by a scarcity of records, many of which were lost in the great fire that destroyed Boston's city center in 1872. Nevertheless, graphic and textual evidence does exist within the collection that illuminates these early projects, in addition to the fabric of surviving buildings. The Lockwood Greene records document several commissions that the firm would return to again and again over the course of many decades as clients requested plant additions, upgrades to mechanical and operating systems, and other substantive changes. Researchers are encouraged to examine the blueprints, elevations, and plans for these later additions in order to find illustrations of the firm's earlier interventions at the site. In addition to drawings, other visual evidence for nineteenth-century projects can be found in the company's extensive photo files, which often document structures for which drawings do not exist.
The Lockwood Greene records contain an abundance of graphic and textual evidence for structures designed after 1910 until the 1930s. After this period, visual documentation becomes much more limited. This is partially due to the evolution of drafting tools and information management technologies within the architecture and engineering profession. Lockwood Greene was an early adopter of technological innovations in rendering and data capture, beginning with the introduction of aperture cards and microfilm and extending to the adoption of computer-aided design (CAD) programs. These more modern formats were not part of the acquisition, and, at the time of writing, still reside with the company.
The Lockwood-Greene collection will be of interest to historians of architecture and engineering, as well as those that study the history of business and labor relations. It provides extensive textual and documentary evidence on the evolution and growth of American engineering and the increasing professionalization of the discipline through specialization during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Rich holdings of architectural drawings, photographs, and specifications provide unparalleled resources that trace the evolution of industrial buildings and their typologies; experimentation with building materials and systems, particularly with regards to fireproofing; and the history of textile manufacture in the United States. In addition, there is also rich visual and documentary evidence of the changing relationships between corporations and their employees through photographs, plans, and designs for company towns and mill villages, as well as through corporate records that illustrate the work culture of Lockwood Greene itself. The Lockwood-Greene collection will be of special interest to historic preservationists as the awareness of the significance of industrial and vernacular buildings continues to grow, and detailed design drawings and other visual material will be of especial value for restoration, rehabilitation, and adaptive-reuse projects.
Arrangement:
The collection is divided into six series.
Series 1, Project Drawings, Renderings, and Plans, 1784-1969, undated
Series 2, Photographs and Slides, 1881-2001, undated
Series 5, Non-Lockwood Greene Publications, 1910-1984, undated
Series 6, Audio-Visual, 1964
Biographical / Historical:
Lockwood Greene, one of the nation's oldest engineering firms, traces it roots to 1832, when Rhode Island native David Whitman began a machinery repair service. Riding the wave of the early industrial revolution in textile manufacturing, Whitman added mill design services to his repertoire, which formed the backbone of a flourishing consulting business for the rest of the century. Whitman was one of the first itinerant mill engineers or "doctors" that traveled throughout New England advising various industrialists on the placement, design, and construction of their factories and the layout of the complicated system of machinery and shafting that they contained. His largest commission was the design of the Bates Manufacturing Company complex in Lewiston, Maine, which was incorporated in 1850 and soon became one of the largest textile producers in New England.
Upon Whitman's death in 1858, his unfinished work was assumed by Amos D. Lockwood, a prominent mill agent and astute businessman who had built a name for himself in Connecticut and Rhode Island. The successful completion of the projects at Lewiston brought enough additional demand for Lockwood's services to prompt him to relocate to Boston, where he formally opened an independent consulting office with partner John W. Danielson in 1871. For the next ten years, A.D. Lockwood & Company was involved in a least eight major mill design projects, half of which were for new construction. One of these projects, the design and construction of the Piedmont Manufacturing Company in Greenville (now Piedmont), South Carolina was especially significant and is considered to be a prototype for the Southern textile industry.
In 1882, Lockwood established a new business, Lockwood, Greene and Company, with Stephen Greene, a professionally-trained civil engineer who had joined the firm in 1879. As the firm grew, it expanded its scope as consultants supplying all of the necessary architectural and engineering services a prospective owner needed to initiate, equip, and run a complete plant. Acting as the owners' representative, the company supervised construction and installation but did not directly act as builders or contractors. Lockwood
Greene's objective expertise was legendary and made it a leader in this emergent field. As Samuel B. Lincoln explains in his history of the company:
"The new firm's knowledge and experience in the textile industry enabled it to analyze samples of cloth and, from such samples, to provide everything necessary for a completed plant to make such goods in any desired quantity. It did not at any time act as selling agents for machinery or equipment, neither did it accept commissions or rebates from suppliers: by this policy it maintained a position as impartial and independent engineer." (pages 105-107)
Greene became president of the company upon Lockwood's death in 1884. Under his leadership, the company expanded into additional industries and designed an array of other industrial building types that would prefigure the diversity of later work. In 1893, the company revolutionized American industry by designing and constructing the first factory whose operating power was provided entirely over electric wires from a remote power plant, rather than relying upon a water source or a stockpiled fuel supply. The Columbia Mills project created a great deal of publicity for the firm and was a signal to other manufacturers that there were viable alternatives to the use of steam power.
As changing economic conditions led Lockwood Greene to move away from its traditional reliance upon the textile manufacturing industry, it was very successful at soliciting projects for a wide variety of structures, from newspaper plants and automotive factories to convention halls and schools. After 1900, Lockwood Greene expanded its operations and opened branch offices in other cities, including Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, Atlanta, and Charlotte. In 1915, Edwin F. Greene, president and son of Stephen Greene, reorganized the firm as Lockwood, Greene & Company, Incorporated This new entity served as the parent company and controlled three subsidiaries: one to own and operate cotton mills that Greene had acquired; one to manage other companies' textile mills; and one to provide engineering services.
Lockwood Greene expanded its operations tremendously as the textile industry boomed under wartime demand and in the years following. The severe textile depression from 1923 to 1928 caused the collapse of this structure, however, as Lockwood Greene continued to suffer deep losses in the textile mills that it owned. The parent company was dissolved in 1928 and the engineering subsidiary, which had remained profitable, was salvaged as Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated.
After a rocky start with the onset of the Depression, the company began to prosper during the Second World War and its growth continued steadily throughout the next several decades. In the late 1960s, as a result of declining business, the company's headquarters was transferred from Boston to Spartanburg, South Carolina. In 1981, Phillipp Holtzman USA, a subsidiary of Phillipp Holtzman AG of Frankfurt, Germany, acquired a majority interest in Lockwood Greene. In 2003, CH2M Hill, a global provider of engineering, construction, and operations services based in Denver, Colorado, acquired the company.
From its beginnings under David Whitman, Lockwood Greene has become one of the most diversified engineering firms in the United States. The firm is best known as a designer of industrial and institutional buildings, but the company has become a leader in many additional areas in recent years. Lockwood Greene dominates the market in the design and production of the germ- and dust-free "clean room" facilities required by the pharmaceutical industry and micro-electronics manufacturers. The company has also developed expertise in designing integrated security and networking systems for industrial plants, international port facilities, and military installations worldwide.
Banham, Raynor. A Concrete Atlantis: U.S. Industrial Building and European Modern Architecture, 1900-1925. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1986.
Biggs, Lindy. The Rational Factory: Architecture, Technology, and Work in America's Age of Mass Production. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.
Bradley, Betsy Hunter. The Works: The Industrial Architecture of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Greene, Benjamin Allen. Stephen Greene: Memories of His Life, with Addresses, Resolutions and Other Tributes of Affection. Chicago, R. R. Donnelley & Sons Company, 1903.
Heiser, William J. Lockwood Greene, 1958-1968, Another Period in the History of an Engineering Business. Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated, 1970.
Lincoln, Samuel B. Lockwood Greene: The History of an Engineering Business, 1832-1958. Brattleboro, Vermont: The Stephen Greene Press, 1960.
Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated The Lockwood Greene Story: One-Hundred-Fifty Years of Engineering Progress. Spartanburg, South Carolina: Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated; undated.
Related Materials:
Materials at the Smithsonian Instituion Libraries
"[Trade catalogs from Lockwood, Greene & Co.]", Trade Literature at the American History Museum
Books, Smithsonian Institution Libraries
Provenance:
This collection was donated by Lockwood Greene, Spartanburg, South Carolina, 1997 (original drawings). An addendum to the collection was donated by CH2M HILL in 2007.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Pepper, Mrs. B. Franklin, Garden (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
United States of America -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia County -- Philadelphia
Scope and Contents:
The folders include worksheets, garden plans, and photocopies of articles about the garden.
General:
This house and garden in the Chestnut Hill section of Philadelphia were designed together in a European/French revival style by Willing and Sims, Architects (later Willing, Sims, & Talbutt) in 1919. Descriptions of the site, which is noted both for its architectural importance and garden design, have been published many times. The garden is a fine example of the blending of inside and outside with clever use of space detail and levels. Although the site is comparatively small (ca. 150' x 200') it incorporates considerable variety and includes a rock garden, a woodland garden, a pergola, a miniature orangery and greenhouse, a bonsai collection, lawns, and terraces. Over the years the garden has remained faithful to its original design and the wishes of its original owner and namesake, Mrs. B. Franklin Pepper.
Persons associated with the garden include: Mrs. B. Franklin Pepper (former owner, 1919-ca. 1950); Ernesta Drinker Ballard and Fredrick Ballard (former owners, 1950-1998); and Willing and Sims (architects and landscape architects, 1919).
Related Materials:
Mrs. B. Franklin Pepper's Garden related holdings consist of 2 folders (20 35 mm. slides; 3 glass lantern slides)
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia Search this
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Work and Industry Search this
Extent:
2.5 Cubic feet (5 boxes, 1 map-folder)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Photographs
Reports
Correspondence
Drawings
Blueprints
Date:
1929-1977
Summary:
The collection documents William J. Eney, a civil engineer whose research primarily focused on model analysis of bridges, stress test and concrete.
Scope and Contents note:
The collection relates to Eney's professional career at Lehigh University in Pennsylvania as a researcher, professor, and the director of the engineering laboratory. The papers include reports, publications, teaching materials, photographs and blueprints.
Arrangement:
1 series.
Biographical/Historical note:
William J. Eney (d. 1981) was a 1927 graduate of Lehigh University, earning a degree in civil engineering. Eney was head of the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering and Director of the Fritz Engineering Laboratory. In addition to teaching, he published widely, in various engineering publications and was a co-author of the textbook, Structural Steel Design.
Provenance:
Original source and date of acquisition unknown.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D609, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 41
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
Mar 1, 1922.
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Division TP 1 - Fuselage
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 Fuselage." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 139
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
May 1, 1922.
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 Stabilizer and Fin." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 140
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
Aug. 31, 1922.
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 Tail Skid." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 141
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
April 1 1922
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 [wing]." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 142
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
May 15, 1922
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 Chassis." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 143
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
May 15, 1922.
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural Design of the TP-1 Surface Controls." Source: Air Service Engineering Div., McCook Field.
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D610, Folder D52.1 Engineering Division (Eng. Div.) / 144
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
May 23, 1922.
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - Engineering Div. - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Structural design of the TP-1 fuselage." Source: War Dept. Engineering Division. Airplane Section. McCook Field, Dayton OH
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D668, Folder D52.1 TP-1 / 1
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1 May 1922
Scope and Contents:
Airplanes - TP-1
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Airplane loads, structural design and structural flight testing." Source: missing
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D694, Folder D52.16 / 230
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
30 Jun 1933
Scope and Contents:
MacCart, R.D.; Airplanes - design; Loads
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
"Specifications for flight loading conditions for the structural design of naval airplanes." Source: navy Dept., Bureau of Aeronautics. Specification SS-1A
Collection Creator:
Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this
Container:
Box D696, Folder D52.16 / 360
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1 Mar 1943
Scope and Contents:
Airplane - Design; Loading; Specifications - Navy Dept. - SS-1A; Specifications - Navy Dept - SM14; Navy Dept. - Structures memorandum #14;
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests
Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966 Search this
Extent:
2 Film reels (18 minutes, black-and-white silent; 1000 feet, 35mm)
Type:
Archival materials
Film reels
Date:
1930-1933
Scope and Contents:
Footage documenting archaeological excavations in the Whitewater District of Eastern Arizona. The excavation sites in the films are located three miles south of Allantown, above the Whitewater Valley. Film records the work of both Navajo and Zuni Native Americans in the excavation of the site. The site is thought to have been occupied from Basketmaker III through Pueblo III as determined by pottery styles and structure design.
Footage includes excavation of human burial site and human skeletal remains.
Local Number:
HSFA 1986.12.3
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Frank Harold Hanna Roberts, Jr. films, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Correspondence; printed materials; art works and miscellaneous papers.
REELS D302-D302a: Correspondence, some dating from Hiler's years in Paris in the 1920s; autobiographical and biographical material; published articles by Hiler, "Costumes and Ideologies," "Some Associative Aspects of Color," "Structuralism," "The Search for a Method of Graphic Expression," and "The Origin and Development of Structural Design;" the book Why Abstract, co-authored by him; exhibition catalogs; magazine articles on and about him; and miscellaneous papers. Some material on D302 has been duplicated on reel D302a.
Correspondents include: Faber Birren, Kay Boyle, Marc Connelly, Caresse Crosby, Nancy Cunard (11 items), Ben Cunningham (to Hiler's daughter), John Ferren, Al Hirschfeld, Carl Holty (5 items, up to 14 p. each), Robert Bruce Inverarity, Gyorgy Kepes, Katharine Kuh, Rico Lebrun, Fernand Leger, Albert W. Levi, Paul Mathews, Henry Miller, Abraham Rattner, Man Ray, Ad Reinhardt, Meyer Schapiro, Charles P. Snow, Edgar Varese, Herbert G. Wells, and William Carlos Williams.
In the 5 Holty letters, up to 14 p. each, Holty comments on aesthetics, color theory, the work of Abraham Rattner, Holty's painting, the history of modern art after WWII, and his trip across America with Henry Miller and Rattner.
REELS 611-614: Personal and business correspondence, bills and receipts, certificates, licenses, membership cards; 2 sketchbooks, and 17 loose sketches, many with notes and instructions; 3 notebooks, containing miscellaneous writings, clippings and sketches; 37 illustrations and diagrams, possibly for a book; 119 miscellaneous items relating to color and design; articles and short stories; writings on structuralism, including a copy of the typescript for COLOR AND DESIGN: A STRUCTURALIST APPROACH; a typed draft of Hiler's autobiography (292 p.); 14 exhibition catalogs and announcements; 20 clippings, and printed material; and miscellaneous papers.
Correspondents include America's Artists in Particular (organization), O'Brien Boldt, Kay Boyle, Ben Cunningham, Jerome Flax, the Foundation for Intergrated Education, Jay H. Herz, Gyorgy Kepes, Charles Lavell, Jim Moran, Henry Schnakenberg, and George Wittenborn.
Biographical / Historical:
Mural painter, designer, decorator, writer; New York, N.Y. and Paris.
Provenance:
Donated 1967-1968 by Hilaire Hiler.
Restrictions:
This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.
United States -- Massachusetts -- Essex County -- Manchester
Grafton (Manchester, Massachusetts)
Scope and Contents:
12 35mm slides and 45 digital images and 2 folders.
Varying Form:
Undercliff, formerly
General:
Grafton is located in Manchester-by-the-Sea, Massachusetts. Established in 1903, the 13 acre property features a formal garden designed by Landscape Architect Martha Brookes Hutcheson. Sited above a private beach, Grafton offers views of the Atlantic Ocean, nearby islands, and Boston in the distance.
The formal garden is entered by stepping down through a hedge of Endless Summer hydrangeas flowering in front of the low stone wall. The garden is symmetrically laid out with two rectangular beds mirroring each other at the beginning and repeated at the end of the garden.  There are four L-shaped beds facing each other for a total of eight beds.  Additional beds are along the outer perimeter of these beds. The first two rectangle beds are planted with shrub roses from David Austin. Echinacea, Salvia, and geraniums encircle the roses providing color and scent.   Four L-shaped beds surround you with phlox, peonies, Euphorbia, Helenium, Asters, Monarda, daylilies, iris, dahlias and hostas.  Hydrangea paniculata 'Limelight' provides a focal point and structure in the four corners of the main beds and Hibiscus syriacus 'Red Heart' added in the middle of the same beds. Color and height changing as the season progresses.
At the far end of the garden there is a semi-circular pond. It is approached through two rectangular beds which are full of Japanese tree peonies augmented with anemone. The pond is edged in granite, planted with water lilies and lotus, and backed by a yew hedge that is trimmed to a height of the arbor wall. A small lead statue of a boy which is placed on top of a rock in the middle and a trickle of water flows underneath.  Behind the pond is a semi-circular arbor with grape vines draping over the timber structure designed by Martha Brookes Hutcheson in 1902.  Long beds planted along the high wall of the garden hold English roses with clematis and cherry trees pruned against the wall.  Peonies, crocosmia, salvia and dahlias combine to enhance this area and tie the garden together.
Down the stairs past the tree peony bed, there is a border of new Stewartia pseudocamelia.  The border is also planted with holly, Weigela, peony, goat's beard, clematis, and hydrangea. A carpet of sweet woodruff lightens the space and is combined with the dropping magnolia flowers.  Another bed is filled with hydrangea, Weigela, and fothergilla shrubs.  A bird bath original to the property was sited across from the path between the tree peony beds and the back planting beds.
Toward the ocean between two shrub borders, a new hedge of Weigela has been planted along the whole backside of these two beds creating a visual ending of the formal garden where two old iron chairs and a wellhead are located. A long bed is planted with clipped Deutzias and underplanted with hostas.  A shrub rose is planted in the middle of the hedge forming a backdrop for the chairs. Behind all is a stone wall containing the garden, and in the background, the sea. The seating area is in line with a sundial placed along the long border and the opposite exterior garden wall.  To the left, the wall continues and then ends with some unclipped Deutzias forming an archway with hostas planted underneath.  On the right the garden becomes informal with cranberry Viburnums planted in a swath with steps leading down to a grass landing area and more steps leading to the house, the main lawn, or the beach.
The current Regency style house, designed by Lincoln Boyden Jr., was constructed in the 1940s to replace a larger 55-room mansion designed by Herbert D. Hale in 1900.
Persons associated with the garden's design: Martha Brooks Hutcheson (landscape designer, 1902-1910), Herbert D. Hale (architect, 1900-1905), Fletcher Steele (landscape architect, 1935), Lincoln Boyden Jr. (architect, 1941), Umberto Innocenti (landscape architect, 1942), Jason Arnold (gardener, 1978-1983), Denise King (gardener, 1984-1987), Jan Hendryck (gardener, 1988-1995), Elizabeth R. Sprang (garden designer, 2012-), Landscape-by-the-Sea (gardeners, 2012–).
Related Materials:
The Martha Brookes Hutcheson archives at The Morris County Park Commission, Morristown, NJ.
Provenance:
The North Shore Garden Club of Massachusetts faciliated the 2021 garden documentation update.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Collection Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Gardens -- Massachusetts -- Manchester Search this
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.
Sponsor:
A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Collection Citation:
Giuseppe M. Bellanca Collection, Acc. NASM.1993.0055, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Engineering Search this
Extent:
2.5 Cubic feet (10 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Instructional materials
Lecture notes
Date:
1905-1964, undated
Summary:
The papers of immigrant engineer Nicholas C. Mandragos.
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists almost entirely of notes Mandragos used as the basis for lectures to his engineering classes. They cover various problem areas: stress analysis of structures, strength of materials, hydraulics and other technical aspects of structural design. There are also a few notes Mandragos made as a student in the 1920s and 1930s. The notes are carefully hand printed with detailed technical drawings, sometimes in photocopy. They are arranged alphabetically by subject, usually with dates.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into one series.
Biographical / Historical:
Nicholas C, Mandragos was born on the Greek island of Symi in 1896, was educated at the Salvago Professional School in Alexandria, Egypt, at New York University and at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He received a bachelor of science degree in engineering at the latter institution plus 21 points of graduate studies. After being employed as a structural engineer by New York Central RR, 1926 1937, Mandragos was employed in research during World War II at the War and Navy Depts. He also lectured on photoelasticity at George Washington University 1943 1949 and was an associate professor there 1947 1949; later he was a consulting engineer.
Separated Materials:
Instruments and models are housed in the the Division of Work and Industry.
Provenance:
This material was donated to NMAH, together with several instruments and models relating to materials testing, in October 1992 by Mr. Mandragos' widow, Frieda Mandragos.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Transportation Search this
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Engineering and Industry Search this
Extent:
18 Cubic feet (78 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Right of way deeds
Reports
Letterpress copybooks
Mechanical drawings
Estimates
Financial statements
Circular letters
Bills
Accident reports
Correspondence
Place:
Lackawanna County (Pa.)
Luzerne County (Pa.)
Cressona (Pa.)
Harrisburg (Pa.)
Norristown (Pa.)
Philadelphia (Pa.)
New Jersey
Sumerton (Pa.)
Cheltenham (Pa.)
Sunbury (Pa.)
Reading (Pa.)
Trenton (N.J.)
Schuylkill County (Pa.)
Pennsylvania
Date:
1860-1936
Summary:
Collection of engineering reports and correspondence from the Engineering Department of the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company. The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was most used for the transportation of anthracite coal within Pennsylvania from 1833 through the early 1970s.
Scope and Contents:
Primarily outgoing correspondence from the Engineering Department of the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad Company, the remainder being engineering reports and other miscellaneous papers.
Series 1: Letterpress Copybooks consists of 219 volumes from various engineers, each with own index (1865-1892): were generated by Chief Engineer, Assistant Chief Engineer, various resident engineers, other lower-level engineers, and the Chief Road-Master. Bulk of copybooks created by William H. Bines and Henry K. Nichols during long careers with the Philadelphia & Reading. Other volumes contain letters and reports by Charles W. Buckholz, Charles E. Byers, William Lorenz, and others. Correspondence covers all aspects of the engineering operations of the railroad, much of it at highest levels, being addressed to the Presidents of the Reading. Also includes one letterbook from John E. Wooten (1865), Superintendent.
Series 2: Reports of Chief Engineer to Auditor, 1908-1910; structural design calculation notebooks, 1901-1935; right of way deeds, 1903; and tracings of assorted machine parts.
Arrangement:
The collection is divided into five series.
Series 1: Letterpress Copybooks, 1866-1870
Series 2: Chief Engineer Standard Plans, 1904-1942
Series 3: Construction Reports, 1901-1913
Series 4: Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) Valuation of Railroads, 1913-1922
Series 5: Reports and Miscellaneous Papers, 1860-1936
Biographical / Historical:
This railroad was chartered in 1833 to provide low-cost transportation from the Schuylkill and Mahanoy anthracite coal fields in eastern Pennsylvania to Philadelphia. Main line from Philadelphia to Pottsville opened 1842. Reading expanded by acquiring other railroads, and by 1869 had monopoly of coal traffic from Schuylkill anthracite region.
Expansion accelerated when Franklin B. Gowen became president (1869) and attempted to dominate entire anthracite trade. Purchased Schuylkill Canal (1870) to eliminate competition for coal trade; then organized the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company in 1871 to purchase and operate coal mines; secured over 40 percent of U.S. anthracite reserves, but debt incurred led railroad to bankruptcy and receivership (1880). Gowen's reckless style drove the Reading into second receivership (1886), and he was forced to resign.
Gowen's Successor, Archibald A. McLeod, tried to increase company control over anthracite trade (1892-1893), then control of several New England railroads. The Reading went bankrupt again and McLeod was ousted. In a reorganization (1896), the Philadelphia & Reading Railroad and the Coal & Iron Company became properties of the Reading Company, a holding company. Later additions to system were infrequent and largely confined to short branches and improvements inalignment. Due to anti-trust proceedings, company divested mining subsidiary (1923) and merged wholly owned railroad companies into an operating company. Acquired Lehigh & Susquehanna Railroad 1963, went bankrupt in early 1970s, and conveyed portions of its lines to Conrail (1976). The reorganized Reading Company retains real estate and other non-rail holdings.
Collection donated by the Reading Company, Philadelphia, Pa., 1960s.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
