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Medium:

Silver and gold

Dimensions:

H x W: 27.8 x 10.5 cm (10 15/16 x 4 1/8 in)

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

India

Date:

ca. 1775 -- 1800

Period:

Mughal dynasty

Topic:

peacock  Search this

Mughal dynasty (1526 - 1858)  Search this

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — Charles Lang Freer Endowment

Accession Number:

F1990.1

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

On View:

Freer Gallery 01: Body Image: Arts of the Indian Subcontinent

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye36401c458-d8ad-4e93-9e2a-20a5fd94be89

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1990.1

Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

10.22 Cubic feet (consisting of 20 boxes, 2 folders, 9 oversize folders, 3 map case folders, 3 flat boxes (2 full, 1 partial.))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Menus

Bills

Ships' passenger lists

Patents

Legislative documents

Photographs

Advertisements

Advertising mail

Advertising

Illustrations

Contracts

Trademarks

Inspections

Programs

Advertising cards

Advertising fliers

Print advertising

Legal documents

Travelogs

Souvenir programs

Business cards

Concert programs

Publications

Commercial correspondence

Correspondence

Receipts

Theater programs

Business records

Legal records

Business ephemera

Invoices

Bills of sale

Ships' logs

Technical reports

Reports

Letterheads

Ephemera

Design patents

Travel brochures

Legislation (legal concepts)

Business letters

Timetables

Travel diaries

Printed ephemera

Place:

New York (N.Y.) -- Transportation

Hudson River

Date:

1777-1965

Summary:

A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Accounting and Bookkeeping forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana

Scope and Contents:

Minimally covers the terminus of the wind-powered (sail) era and more fully documents the peak of the engine (steam) era of commercial cargo and passenger vesselsk, including freight and dockage services, maintenance and provisioning, ferry service, navigation (tug and tow) assistance, plus leisure cruising and touring. There is not a significant amount of material on battle or war ships. Includes both short distance routes such as lakes, rivers, and islets, and longer trans-oceanic crossings.

Documents within the collection consist of handbills, broadsides, leaflets, books, business cards, advertisements, insurance forms, wreck reports, passenger lists, baggage tags, freight manifests, rate cards, correspondence on letterhead stationery, booklets, newspaper clippings, postcards, menus, periodicals, manuals, photographs, engravings, woodcuts, sketches, bills of lading, receipts, catalogues, ledgers, journals, purchase orders, broadsides, brochures, custom forms, schedules, shipping and receiving documents, early steam guides, timetables, lithographs, announcements, etc. There are no navigational nautical maps. There is very little in the way of international import/export records. However, domestic and North American freight services are well-covered through invoices, bills of lading, manifests, and receipts for goods and services.

Some materials cover the history and development of steamships, particularly in the latter half of the nineteenth century with the iron screw replacing the wooden paddle steamer in the 1850s. The late 1860s brought the compound engine, which led to the steamship, previously used for the conveyance of mails and passengers, to compete with the sailing vessel in the carriage of cargo for long voyages. The 1870s brought improvements in accommodation for the passenger, with the midship saloon, conveniences in state-rooms, and covered access to smoke rooms and ladies cabins.

Ownership of specific lines and vessels was very fluid throughout shipping history, including the renaming of vessels. Mergers, dissolution, and absorption of fleets were frequent. Thus, researchers should independently seek out a more detailed history for any entity of particular interest.

The general maritime business series focuses on good and services related to maritime operations such as repair, shipbuilding, parts, ticket agents, chandlers, groceries, coal supply, dockage, wharfs/marinas, etc.

Operation records of named vessels contains primarily bills of lading and similar receipts for the movement of material goods or in-water services such as tow and tug assistance.

The largest series covering shipping lines and conglomerates offers a wide assortment of miscellaneous, nonexhaustive operation records for cargo and passenger lines and corporations, typically those with multiple holdings. These documents may include receipts, bills of lading, correspondence, and financial ledgers, plus promotional material for services and routes offered. Passenger sailings and luxury cruise documentation may contain menus, passenger lists, itineraries, shore excursion information, souveniers such as luggage tags, ticket stubs, and postcards. See also the subject category Menus, for additional examples of passenger and cruise ship menus.

When not associated with any of the above, general examples of materials related to the industry have been by arranged by their material type such as images, reports, and serial publications. More formal documentation, especially legal and reports, can be found here.

Narrative type materials related to lore, history, and building and design specifications have been sorted by subject. A scarce amount of material covers ships used for military service. Likewise, there are a few examples of maritime related material from the art world, mostly in the form of catalogues for exhibits or auction of paintings and scale models.

A note on vessel names: those used as contract carriers of mail and when in service, were entitled to unique prefix designations such as Royal Mail Ship (RMS.), otherwise, the ship name may be preceded by the more generic S.S. for single-screw steamer or steamship, SV for sailing vessel, PS for paddle steamer, RV for research vessel or similar type prefix. USS is the standard for the United States Navy commissioned ships while in commission, with HMS used for His/Her Majesty's Ship of the British Royal Navy.

Some of the major lines/companies represented in the collection include: American Line, American Steamship Company, Anchor Line, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, Cunard-Anchor Line, Cunard Line, Cunard Steam Ship Company, Limited, Cunard White Star Line, Eastern Steamship Lines, Furness, Withy & Company, Hamburg American Line (HAPAG) / Hamburg Amerika Linie, Holland America Line (N.A.S.M. / HAL), Inman Line, International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM), International Navigation Company, North German Lloyd (Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen), Panama Pacific Line, Peninsular and Oriental, Red Star Line, Royal Mail Steam Packet, U.S. Mail Steamship Company, United States Lines, White Star Line.

Arrangement:

Ships, Boats, and Vessels is arranged in three subseries.

Business Records and Marketing Material

General Maritime Businesses



Operation Records of Named Vessels



Shipping Lines/Conglomerates

Miscellaneous Business Records and Marketing Material

Genre

Keepsakes

Images

Ledger

Legal

News Clippings

Regulatory

Reports

Serial Publications

Stamps/Cigarette Cards

Associations and Societies

Images, Artwork, Racing, Technical Literature

Subject

Battleships, Warships

Destination Guides

Employment and Licensing

Insurance

Maritime History

Maritime Models and Art

Revue Generale Des Sciences

Warshaw Administrative Records

Related Materials:

Several other Warshaw Subject Categories may have closely related material such as Submarines and Transportation. For casual and recreational boating see Boats and Boating Equipment and Yachts. Other subject categories that may have related materials include: Canals, Dredging, Engines, Menus, Railroads (point of common transportation transfer), and Tours. .

Forms Part Of:

Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.

Missing Title

Series 1: Business Ephemera

Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers

Series 4: Photographic Reference Material

Provenance:

Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels] is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Passenger ships  Search this

Marine machinery  Search this

Ships  Search this

Shipbuilding industry  Search this

Ferries  Search this

Transportation -- Japan  Search this

River boats  Search this

Marine engines  Search this

Boats  Search this

Transportation -- Far Eastern  Search this

Ships -- Equipment and supplies  Search this

Merchant Marine -- Manning of vessels -- United States  Search this

Docks  Search this

Health  Search this

Ocean liners  Search this

Merchant Marine -- United States  Search this

Ships -- Far Eastern  Search this

Rivers  Search this

Transportation -- river boat  Search this

World War, 1939-1945 -- Merchant Marine  Search this

Harbors  Search this

Trade associations  Search this

Transportation -- 1900-1910  Search this

Boats and boating  Search this

Water transport -- 18th century  Search this

Boats -- Southeast Asia  Search this

Cargo  Search this

Local transit -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Sailboats  Search this

Waterways  Search this

Sailing  Search this

Transportation -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Local transit  Search this

Scientific expeditions  Search this

Water transfer  Search this

Transportation -- History  Search this

Wharves  Search this

Steamboats  Search this

Boats -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Transportation  Search this

Public health  Search this

Marine engineers  Search this

Ocean travel  Search this

Seamen -- 1910-1920  Search this

Musical performances  Search this

Transportation -- Law and legislation -- United States  Search this

Merchant seamen  Search this

Marine engineering  Search this

Models and modelmaking  Search this

Navigation  Search this

Seamen -- 1940-1950  Search this

Travel  Search this

Importers  Search this

Shipping  Search this

Cruise ships  Search this

Ships -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Flags  Search this

Exports -- 19th century  Search this

Genre/Form:

Menus -- Ships -- 1940-1950

Menus

Bills

Ships' passenger lists

Patents

Legislative documents

Photographs

Advertisements

Advertising mail

Advertising

Illustrations

Contracts

Trademarks

Inspections

Programs

Advertising cards

Advertising fliers

Print advertising

Legal documents

Travelogs

Souvenir programs

Business cards

Concert programs

Publications

Commercial correspondence

Correspondence

Receipts

Theater programs

Publications -- Business

Business records

Legal records

Business ephemera

Invoices

Bills of sale

Ships' logs

Technical reports

Reports

Letterheads

Ephemera

Design patents

Travel brochures

Legislation (legal concepts)

Business letters

Timetables

Travel diaries

Printed ephemera

Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Ships, Boats, and Vessels, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Steamboats

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels]

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8cc542278-2f59-4b3b-9008-a8b7679a46b5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-steamboats

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this

Extent:

245 Linear feet ((375 boxes and 10 map drawers))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Date:

1878-1965

Summary:

The records in this collection embody the administrative functions of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1879 to 1965. The collection consists of correspondence, card files, registers, official notices, annual and monthly work reports, research statements, research proposals, grant applications, personnel action requests, notices of personnel action, meeting minutes, purchase orders and requisitions, property records, biographical sketches, resolutions, newspaper clippings, reviews of publications, drafts of publications, circulars, programs, pamphlets, announcements, illustrations, cartographic materials, photographic prints, photographic negatives, bibliographies, and reprinted publications.

Scope and Contents:

The records in this collection embody the administrative functions of the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1879 to 1965. The collection consists of correspondence, card files, registers, official notices, annual and monthly work reports, research statements, research proposals, grant applications, personnel action requests, notices of personnel action, meeting minutes, purchase orders and requisitions, property records, biographical sketches, resolutions, newspaper clippings, reviews of publications, drafts of publications, circulars, programs, pamphlets, announcements, illustrations, cartographic materials, photographic prints, photographic negatives, bibliographies, and reprinted publications.

Correspondence comprises the bulk of this collection. A significant portion of this correspondence originates from the Bureau's duty to field inquiries regarding North American aboriginal cultures and respond to requests relating to the duplication of BAE library and archival materials. Inquiries and requests, received from all parts of the world, were submitted by colleagues, museum curators and directors, students, professors, amateur archaeologists, government agents, military officials, Smithsonian Institution officials, artists, and members of the general public. Other correspondence reflects the Bureau's day-to-day operations and internal affairs. Subjects discussed in this correspondence include research projects, field expeditions, annual budgets, personnel matters, the acquisition of manuscripts, the disbursement of specimens, and production of BAE publications. Correspondence is occasionally accompanied by announcements, circulars, programs, pamphlets, photographs, drawings, diagrams, bibliographies, lists, newspaper clippings, and maps. Also among these records are the card files and registers of incoming and outgoing correspondence maintained by early BAE administrative staff. For a list of correspondents, see the appendix to this finding aid, available in the NAA reading room.

The majority of illustrations, artwork, and photographs that appear in this collection are associated with BAE publications, including BAE Annual Reports, BAE Bulletins, Contributions to North American Ethnology and Smithsonian Institution, Miscellaneous Collection. Maps located among the collection originate, by and large, from BAE field expeditions and research projects. BAE staff also amassed great quantities of newspaper clippings that concerned BAE research or points of interest. Of particular note are three scrapbooks comprised of clippings that relate to "mound builders" and the work of the BAE's Division of Mound Explorations.

Also worthy of note are the various records relating to the 1903 investigation of the BAE. Records related to the investigation highlight the Smithsonian Institution's longstanding dissatisfaction with the internal management of the BAE, its concerns over the BAE's loose relationship with the parent organization, and displeasure with the manner in which BAE scientific research was developing. Other materials of special interest are the various administrative records covering the period 1929 to 1946 and 1949 to 1965. The majority cover personnel matters; however, others justify the work of the BAE and bear witness to growing concerns that the BAE would eventually be absorbed by the Department of Anthropology within the United States National Museum.

Arrangement:

The collection has been arranged into the following 12 series: (1) Correspondence, 1897-1965; (2) Cooperative Ethnological Investigations, 1928-1935; (3) Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1929-1946; (4) Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1949-1965; (5) Records Concerning the Photographic Print Collection, 1899-1919; (6) Records Concerning Employees; (7) Fiscal Records, 1901-1902 and 1945-1968; (8) Records Relating to the 1903 Investigation of the BAE; (9) Property Records and Requisitions; (10) Clippings; (11) Publications; (12) BAE Library Materials, Pamphlets and Reprints

Administrative History:

The Bureau of Ethnology was established by an act of the United States Congress on March 3, 1879, but it was largely the personal creation of the geologist and explorer Major John Wesley Powell. His earlier explorations of the Colorado River and Grand Canyon formed the basis of the Geographical and Geological Survey of the Rocky Mountain Region. While exploring the area, Powell became alarmed at what he perceived to be the decline of the aboriginal way of life due to rapid depopulation. In a letter to the Secretary of the Interior, he warned that "in a few years, it will be impossible to study…Indians in their primitive condition, except from recorded history" (Hinsley). He urged swift government action; the result of which was the appropriation of $20,000 (20 Stat. 397) to transfer all documents relating to North American Indians from the Department of Interior to the Smithsonian Institution and its Secretary's appointment of Powell as director of the newly established Bureau of Ethnology, a position he held until his death in 1902. In 1897, its name was changed to the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) to underscore the limits of its geographical reaches.

Under Powell, the BAE organized the nation's earliest anthropological field expeditions, in which the characteristics and customs of native North Americans were observed firsthand and documented in official reports. Images of Indian life were captured on photographic glass plate negatives, and their songs on wax cylinder recordings. Histories, vocabularies and myths were gathered, along with material objects excavated from archaeological sites, and brought back to Washington for inclusion in the BAE manuscript library or the United States National Museum.

The fruits of these investigations were disseminated via a series of highly regarded and widely distributed publications, most notably BAE Annual Reports, BAE Bulletins, and Contributions to North American Ethnology. BAE research staff also responded routinely to inquiries posed by colleagues, government agencies, and the general public on matters ranging from artwork to warfare. Moreover, the BAE prepared exhibits on the various cultural groups it studied not only for the Smithsonian Institution, but also for large expositions held nationwide.

In 1882 Powell, under instruction of Congress, established the Division of Mound Explorations for the purpose of discovering the true origin of earthen mounds found predominately throughout the eastern United States. It was the first of three temporary, yet significant, subunits supported by the Bureau. Cyrus Thomas, head of the Division, published his conclusions in the Bureau's Annual Report of 1894, which is considered to be the last word in the controversy over the mounds' origins. With the publication of Thomas' findings, the Division's work came to a close.

The course of BAE operations remained largely the same under Powell's successors: W.J. McGee (acting director) 1902; William Henry Holmes, 1902-1910; Frederick W. Hodge, 1910-1918; J. Walter Fewkes, 1918-1928; Matthew W. Stirling, 1928-1957; Frank H.H. Roberts, Jr., 1957-1964; and Henry B. Collins (acting director), 1964-1965. However, following a 1903 internal investigation of the Bureau's administrative activities, Smithsonian officials called for a broader scope of ethnological inquiry and greater application of anthropological research methodologies. The BAE responded in 1904 by expanding agency activities to include investigations in Hawaii, the Philippines, and the Caribbean.

The BAE extended its geographical reaches once again, in the 1940s, to include Central and South America. In 1943, the Institute of Social Anthropology (ISA) was established as an independent subunit of the Bureau for the purpose of developing and promoting ethnological research throughout the American Republics. The findings of ISA-sponsored investigations were published in the six volume series, Handbook of South American Indians (BAE Bulletin 143). Julian H. Steward, editor of the Handbook, was appointed director of ISA operations and held the position until 1946 when George M. Foster assumed responsibility. The ISA was absorbed by the Institute of Inter-American Affairs in 1952, thus terminating its relationship with the BAE.

In 1946 the BAE assumed partial administrative control of the recently established River Basin Surveys (RBS), its third and final autonomous subunit. The purpose of the RBS was to salvage and preserve archaeological evidence threatened by post-World War II public works programs, more specifically the rapid construction of dams and reservoirs occurring throughout the country. Excavations conducted under the RBS yielded considerable data on early North American Indian settlements, and subsequent deliberations on this data were published as reports in various BAE Bulletins.

In 1965, the BAE merged administratively with the Smithsonian Institution's Department of Anthropology to form the Office of Anthropology within the United States National Museum (now the Department of Anthropology within the National Museum of Natural History). The BAE manuscript library, also absorbed by the Department of Anthropology, became the foundation of what is today the National Anthropological Archives (NAA).

In its 86 year existence, the BAE played a significant role in the advancement of American anthropology. Its staff included some of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries' most distinguished anthropologists, including Jeremiah Curtain, Frank Hamilton Cushing, J.O. Dorsey, Jesse Walter Fewkes, Alice Cunningham Fletcher, Albert H. Gatschet, John Peabody Harrington, John N.B. Hewitt, William Henry Holmes, Ales Hrdlicka, Neil Judd, Francis LaFlesche, Victor and Cosmo Mindeleff, James Mooney, James Pilling, Matilda Coxe Stevenson, Matthew Williams Stirling, William Duncan Strong, and William Sturtevant. The BAE also collaborated with and supported the work of many non-Smithsonian researchers, most notably Franz Boas, Frances Densmore, Gerard Fowke, Garrick Mallery, Washington Matthews, Paul Radin, John Swanton, Cyrus Thomas, and T.T. Waterman, as well as America's earliest field photographers such as Charles Bell, John K. Hillers, Timothy O'Sullivan, and William Dinwiddie. Several of its staff founded the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1880, which later became the American Anthropological Association in 1899. What is more, its seminal research continues to be drawn upon by contemporary anthropologists and government agents through the use of BAE manuscripts now housed in the NAA.

Sources Consulted:

Hinsley, Curtis. Savages and Scientists: The Smithsonian Institution and the Development of American Anthropology, 1846-1910. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1981.

McGee, WJ. "Bureau of American Ethnology." The Smithsonian Institution, 1846-1896, The History of its First Half-Century, pp. 367-396. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1897.

Sturtevant, William. "Why a Bureau of American Ethnology?" Box 286, Functions of the BAE, Series IV: Miscellaneous Administrative Files, 1948-1965, Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, National Anthropological Archives.

Related Materials:

Additional material relating to BAE administrative affairs and research projects can be found among the National Anthropological Archives' vast collection of numbered manuscripts. Too numerous to list in this space, these include official correspondence, monthly and annual work reports, fiscal records, field notes, personal diaries, expedition logs, catalogues of specimens, vocabularies, historical sketches, maps, diagrams, drawings, bibliographies, working papers and published writings, among various other material. Most of these documents are dispersed throughout the numbered manuscript collection as single items; however, some have been culled and unified into larger units (e.g., MS 2400 is comprised of documents relating to the Division of Mound Explorations). Artwork and illustrations produced for BAE publications are also located among the NAA's numbered manuscript collection as well as its photograph collection (e.g., Photo Lot 78-51 and Photo Lot 80-6).

Photographs concerning BAE research interests can be found among the following NAA photographic lots: Photo Lot 14, Bureau of American Ethnology Subject and Geographic File ca. 1870s-1930s; Photo Lot 24, BAE Photographs of American Indians 1840s to 1960s (also known as the Source Print Collection); Photo Lot 60, BAE Reference Albums 1858-1905; and Photo Lot 85, BAE Miscellaneous Photographs 1895 to 1930. Other photographic lots include portraits of BAE staff and collaborators, namely Photo Lot 33, Portraits of Anthropologists and others 1860s-1960s; Photo Lot 68, Portraits of John Wesley Powell ca. 1890 and 1898; and Photo Lot 70, Department of Anthropology Portrait File ca. 1864-1921.

Additional materials in the NAA relating to the work of the BAE can be found among the professional papers of its staff, collaborators and USNM anthropologists. These include the papers of Ales Hrdlicka, John Peabody Harrington, Otis Mason, J.C. Pilling, Matthew Williams Stirling, and William Duncan Strong. Documents relating to the work of the BAE can be found among the records of the River Basin Surveys (1928-1969) and the Institute of Social Anthropology (1941-1952).

Records related to this collection can also be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives (SIA). SIA accession 05-124 includes information regarding the 1942 transfer of six audio recordings related to the Chumash Indian language from the Bureau of American Ethnology to the National Archives, nine pages of Chumash translations, and "The Story of Candalaria, the Old Indian Basket-Maker." The Fiscal and Payroll Records of the Office of the Secretary, 1847 to 1942 (Record Unit 93), includes voucher logs, disbursement journals and daybooks of money paid out to the BAE from 1890 to 1910. BAE correspondence can also be found among the Records of the Office of the Secretary (Record Unit 776, accession 05-162). The Papers of William Henry Holmes, second director of the BAE, are also located among the SIA (Record Unit 7084).

Accession records concerning artifacts and specimens collected by the BAE are located in the registrar's office of the National Museum of Natural History.

Related collections can also be found at the National Archives and Records Administration. RG 57.3.1, the Administrative Records of the United States Geological Survey, includes register of applications for BAE ethnological expositions conducted between 1879-1882. RG 75.29, Still Pictures among the Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, includes 22 photographs of Arapaho, Cheyenne, Kiowa, Comanche, Navajo, and Apache Indians taken by William S. Soule for the BAE during 1868-1875. RG 106, Records of the Smithsonian Institution, includes cartographic records (106.2) relating to Indian land cessions in Indiana created for the First Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, 1881 (1 item); a distribution of American Indian linguistic stock in North America and Greenland, by John Wesley Powell, for the Seventh Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, ca. 1887 (1 item); a distribution of Indian tribal and linguistic groups in South America, 1950 (1 item); the Indian tribes in North America, for Bulletin 145, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1952 (4 items). Sound Recordings (106.4) include songs and linguistic material relating to the Aleut, Mission, Chumash, and Creek, gather by the BAE in 1912, 1914, 1930-41. Some include translations (122 items).

Provenance:

The Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology were transferred to the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives with the merger of the BAE and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965. The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives was renamed the National Anthropological Archives in 1968.

Restrictions:

The Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology are open for research.

Access to the Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact repository for terms of use.

Citation:

Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.XXXX.0155

See more items in:

Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw391046c25-21e2-4334-a01f-9a6f734ae9cd

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0155

Container:

Box 1 of 55

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Institution Archives, Accession 06-089, Archives of American Art, Departmental Records

See more items in:

Departmental Records

Departmental Records / Box 1

Archival Repository:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-sia-fa06-089-refidd1e597

Collection Collaborator:

McElwee, Ross  Search this

Blitz, Daniel  Search this

Bishop, John Melville  Search this

Baker, Peter  Search this

Ritchie, Claire  Search this

Young, Robert  Search this

Terry, John  Search this

Galvin, Frank  Search this

Bestall, Clifford  Search this

Gardner, Robert  Search this

Asch, Timothy, 1932-1994  Search this

Marshall, Lorna  Search this

Collection Creator:

Marshall, John, 1932-2005  Search this

Container:

Box 5

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1990-1991

Collection Restrictions:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection is open for research. Please contact the Archives for availabilty of access copies of audio visual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played. Materials relating to Series 6 Production Files are restricted and not available for research until 2048, 2063, 2072. Kinship diagrams in Series 13 are restricted due to privacy concerns. Various copyrights and restrictions on commercial use apply to the reproduction or publication of film, video, audio, photographs, and maps.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use. Information on reproduction and fees available from repository.

Collection Citation:

The John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman Film and Video Collection, 1950-2000, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Finding aid has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.

See more items in:

John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman film and video collection

John Marshall Ju/'hoan Bushman film and video collection / Series 6: Production Files / 6.2: Administrative

Archival Repository:

Human Studies Film Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pc9b022ec2c-1507-4cfe-837e-a9fc6b4e9578

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-hsfa-1983-11-ref452

Collection Creator:

Asch, Moses  Search this

Distler, Marian, 1919-1964  Search this

Folkways Records  Search this

Container:

Box Asch_01_005, Folder 11

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1962-1966

Scope and Contents note:

Purchase orders, invoices, and shipping receipts, 1962-1966

Collection Restrictions:

Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Collection Citation:

Moses and Frances Asch Collection, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.ASCH, File Asch_01_005_011

See more items in:

Moses and Frances Asch Collection

Moses and Frances Asch Collection / Series 1: Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bk54198f61b-4ab3-41d4-8694-9dfb21a6f18a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-asch-ref433

Former owner:

Hecht, Rudolph S., 1885 - 1956  Search this

Landscape architect:

DeBuys, Rathbone, 1875-1960  Search this

Provenance:

New Orleans Town Gardeners, Inc.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Garden Club of America  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Middlegate Japanese Gardens (Pass Christian, Mississippi)

United States of America -- Mississippi -- Harrison County -- Pass Christian

Scope and Contents:

This folder includes: photographs, correspondences, drawings, invoices, purchase orders, garden designs, newspaper articles, magazine articles, a thesis, and party invitations.

General:

Located on three acres in the town of Pass Christian, Mississippi is the site of Middlegate Japanese garden. Its original owners, Rudolph and Lynne Watkins Hecht were inspired by a 1924 trip to Japan and began cultivating their own Japanese-style garden upon their return. Middlegate was opened to the public in the mid-1930s. In addition to public visiting hours, the Hechts frequently held private family events and even hosted dignitaries from abroad in their sunken garden. Private family events included an annual Easter egg hunt, weddings, and 4th of July celebrations.

An azalea lined path at the entrance of the garden led to a Torri gate, revealing a Shinto temple and a jasmine covered arbor. A bamboo walk featured a fountain, two monumental Japanese stone lanterns, and Japanese sculpture. A small red, lacquered "wishing" bridge led to a blue-tiled tea house with a Buddha sitting on a lotus blossom elevated twenty feet in the air sittings opposite the bridge. A large sunken garden with a fountain, fronting a guesthouse included lotus blooms, shrubs and trees. Traditional Japanese garden features and furnishings included stone lanterns, a Torri gate, a Buddha shrine, a rickshaw, sculptures, bridges, and stone pagodas. Other garden features included gazebos, arbors, terraces, a guesthouse, two teahouses, and a bath house. Water features such as waterfalls, a swimming pool, lakes, fish and lily ponds, and reflecting pools were scattered throughout the grounds.

In August 1969, Middlegate Japanese garden suffered damage when Hurricane Camille struck the Gulf coast. In August 2005, Middlegate Japanese garden was extensively damaged by Hurricane Katrina.

The garden possessed a variety of trees, shrubs, and vines, both native and imported. Plantings included forsythia, boxwood, weeping willow, English ivy, white and yellow jasmine bushes, timber bamboo, giant bamboo, Japanese cherry trees, Japanese maple, Mediterranean fan palm, Japanese plum trees, magnolia trees, pine trees, peach trees, almond trees, pecan trees, live oaks, lotus blossoms, azaleas, and Camellia japonica.

Persons associated with the property include: Mrs. Lynn Boyd Watkins (former owner, 1911-1923); Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph S. Hecht (former owner, 1923-1961); Rathbone DeBuys (architect, 1920s-1930s), Obata Takumi (sculptor, 1735)

Related Materials:

Middlegate Japanese Gardens related holdings consist of 2 folders (2 35mm. slides (photographs) + 134 digital images)

Additonal documentation is located in the Billy Bourdin Historical Collection, Pass Christian Historical Society.

Collection Restrictions:

Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:

Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Topic:

Gardens -- Mississippi -- Pass Christian  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Sponsor:

A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.

Identifier:

AAG.GCA, File MS040

See more items in:

The Garden Club of America collection

The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Mississippi

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Gardens

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6c6c8d6f6-08a0-4b0a-838b-b03bfdd33c37

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref9174

Collection Creator:

Freer, Charles Lang, 1856-1919  Search this

Container:

Box 109, Folder 1-19

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1895-1899

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Collection Citation:

Charles Lang Freer Papers. FSA A.01. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of the estate of Charles Lang Freer.

See more items in:

Charles Lang Freer Papers

Charles Lang Freer Papers / Series 6: Financial Materials / 6.5: Vouchers / 6.5.2: Financial materials - Vouchers - Art vouchers

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3302d1311-161f-43c6-a53b-99c866d8da38

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-01-ref1722

Collection Creator:

Milch Gallery  Search this

Extent:

1.2 Linear feet (Box 61-63)

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1930s-1970s

Scope and Contents note:

Financial, sales, and stock records dates from circa 1930s-1970s and include order receipts, reports on financial statements, sales records, purchase orders, and handwritten stock lists of items to be included in auctions.

Collection Restrictions:

The collection is open for research. Patrons must use microfilm copy.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Milch Gallery records, 1911-1995. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.milcgall, Subseries 7.3

See more items in:

Milch Gallery records

Milch Gallery records / Series 7: Addition to the Milch Gallery Records

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9e6a838b5-166d-457f-a716-d8384cd17489

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-milcgall-ref404

Collection Creator:

Milch Gallery  Search this

Container:

Box 63, Folder 7

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1940s-1960s

Collection Restrictions:

The collection is open for research. Patrons must use microfilm copy.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Milch Gallery records, 1911-1995. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Milch Gallery records

Milch Gallery records / Series 7: Addition to the Milch Gallery Records / 7.3: Financial, Sales, and Stock Records

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9cebbe1c8-3d66-4017-8a4b-0e762d39bb3a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-milcgall-ref411

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 15.2 × 16 cm (6 × 6 5/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 17.7 × 18.5 cm (6 15/16 × 7 5/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.1

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye309212aa4-50a7-4420-a07d-d68abcae826d

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.1

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 18.5 × 26.5 cm (7 5/16 × 10 7/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 20.7 × 29 cm (8 1/8 × 11 7/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.11

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3078bcf5c-e3fd-4418-8924-ec1ade3df165

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.11

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 33.9 × 21.5 cm (13 3/8 × 8 7/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 36.5 × 24 cm (14 3/8 × 9 7/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.2

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye365e02576-85d5-42d8-bf57-e9e246b787cc

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.2

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 31.5 × 39.5 cm (12 3/8 × 15 9/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 34 × 41.9 cm (13 3/8 × 16 1/2 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.21

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye320344bfb-f9ea-4d63-8857-ecad4632d6b7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.21

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 18.4 × 26.5 cm (7 1/4 × 10 7/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 20.8 × 17.5 cm (8 3/16 × 6 7/8 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.29

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3ca3fac2d-ed01-4960-89bb-e1018bc365e0

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.29

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 15.2 × 26.5 cm (6 × 10 7/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 17.8 × 29 cm (7 × 11 7/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.36

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3a6e305fb-4b8f-45b3-91d4-c5ca7879dcd4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.36

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 18 × 26.2 cm (7 1/16 × 10 5/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 20.4 × 28.7 cm (8 1/16 × 11 5/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.43

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye30bac7b7c-9b91-42a5-beda-59ae7f05f9d1

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.43

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Medium:

Ink-jet print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 32.2 × 39.5 cm (12 11/16 × 15 9/16 in)

H x W (sheet): 34.5 × 42 cm (13 9/16 × 16 9/16 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

Rajasthan state, India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2014

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

letter  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase — funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2014.15.48

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye397c709e2-90ba-4747-96e4-7ec8d7070c6f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2014.15.48

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Black and White on White, Inc.  Search this

Medium:

Selenium-toned gelatin silver print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 10 × 15 cm (3 15/16 × 5 7/8 in)

H x W (sheet): 12.7 × 17.8 cm (5 × 7 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2016

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

girl  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase -- funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2016.24.1

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye37111b203-8a20-4845-9e8a-83b5a9de5a1e

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2016.24.1

Artist:

Gauri Gill (India, born 1970)  Search this

Printer:

Black and White on White, Inc.  Search this

Medium:

Selenium-toned gelatin silver print on paper

Dimensions:

H x W (image): 10 × 15 cm (3 15/16 × 5 7/8 in)

H x W (sheet): 12.7 × 17.8 cm (5 × 7 in)

Type:

Photograph

Origin:

India

Date:

1999-2007, printed 2016

Topic:

India  Search this

South Asian and Himalayan Art  Search this

girl  Search this

Contemporary Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Purchase -- funds provided by the Friends of the Freer and Sackler Galleries

Accession Number:

S2016.24.10

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye315063e3c-a8c7-4769-a63e-84d4b05f7adb

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2016.24.10