The collection consists of three drawings of petroglyphs found in a canyon near Belvidere, Kiowa County, Kansas by Mark White of Winfield, Kansas.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
The collection consists of a Kiowa calendar consists on 25 sheet of heavy card stock. Each page contains two to four pictographs, arranged top to bottom and left to right. The calendar entries cover the period 1825-1921. A red diamond is used to signify winter and a green or yellow bar to signify summer. A depiction of the forked Medicine Lodge pole often accompanies the symbol for summer.
No information is known about the original production of this calendar. However, the pictures are a close match to a tracing that Wilbur S. Nye made in the 1920s of a calendar on cloth belonging to Jimmy Quitone. Although arranged in a different format, this may be considered a variant of the Quitone calendar. Nye recorded that while Quitone owned the calendar when he made the tracing, it had been produced by Johnny Anko and Hauvahte. Huvahte may be an alternate rendering of Habate, or Haba. Nye believed that the calendar was destroyed when the Quitone home burned in the 1930s.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Jimmy Quitone also known as Jimmy or James Quoetone, Gui-tone and Wolf Tail (1955-1956) was one of the elders from whom Wilbur S. Nye recorded much information about Kiowa history. According to Nye, he was the father of George Hunt and Guy Quitone.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2002-27
Related Materials:
Wilbur S. Nye's tracing of the Quitone calendar is in the collection of the Fort Sill Museum in Oklahoma together with his notes about the version that he examined (cat. no. D68.39.4).
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Calendars
Pictographs
Citation:
MS 2002-27 Quitone Kiowa calendar, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Works of art
Date:
1890
Scope and Contents:
Lithograph of Drawing Showing Group of Boys with Face Paint and in Costume with Ornaments and Weapons; Drawn by Comanche Boy at Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita Agency, Oklahoma, (September, 1890)
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.08530400
Local Note:
Published: Eleventh Census of the United States, "Indians"; Robert P. Porter, Superintendent
Colored pencil crayon lithograph and photomechanical
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Collection Citation:
Manuscript Anonymous Pictograph Artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Works of art
Date:
1890
Scope and Contents:
Lithograph of Drawing Showing Group of Boys with Face Paint and in Costume with Ornaments and Weapons; Drawn by Comanche Boy at Kiowa, Comanche and Wichita Agency, Oklahoma, (September, 1890)
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.08530500
Local Note:
Published: Eleventh Census of the United States, "Indians"; Robert P. Porter, Superintendent
Colored pencil crayon lithograph and photomechanical
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Collection Citation:
Manuscript Anonymous Pictograph Artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Lithograph of Drawing Showing Two Men Wearing Face Paint and In Costume with Ornaments, Holding Weapons and on Horseback (Drawn by Comanche Boy at Kiowa, Comanche and Witchita Agency, Oklahoma, September 1890) Lithograph/Photomechanical
Lithograph of Drawing Showing Two Men Wearing Face Paint and In Costume with Ornaments, Holding Weapons and on Horseback (Drawn by Comanche Boy at Kiowa, Comanche and Witchita Agency, Oklahoma, September 1890) Lithograph/Photomechanical
The collection consists of three (3) drawings made by prisoners are Fort Marion and forwarded to the Smithsonian Institution by Richard Pratt.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Historical Note:
Fort Marion, also known as Castillo de San Marco, is a stone fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two prisoners from the southern plains were incarcerated in the fort. Captain Richard Pratt supervised the prisoners during their incarceration at Fort Marion. The prisoners consisted of 27 Kiowas, 33 Cheyennes, 9 Comanches, 2 Arapahos, and a single Caddo. With the exception of one Cheyenne woman, all the prisoners were men. They had been accused of participating in the recent Red River War, earlier hostilities, or both. With the exception of the wife and daughter of one of the Comanche men, the prisoners families were not allowed to accompany them to Fort Marion.
Biographical Note:
White Buffalo Head's father, Minimic or Eagle Head, was a Cheyenne prisoner at Fort Marion, Florida.
Wohaw, also known as Wo-Haw, Beef, Gu hau de, and Wolf Robe, was a Kiowa born in 1855. He was accused of being a combatant in the Red River War of 1874 and 1875. On October 3, 1874, he surrendered at the Cheyenne-Arapaho Agency at Darlington, Indian Territory. He was transferred to Fort Sill, where he was held in the guard house. He was among the Kiowa warriors who were subsequently imprisoned at Ft. Marion in San Augustine, Florida. Following his release in 1878, Wohaw returned to the Indian Territory, arriving in Anadarko on May 1, 1878. He served in the Indian Police between 1879 and 1880 and in Troop L of the 7th U.S. Cavalry from 1891 to 1895. He was a member of the Ohomah society and is believed to have been an adherant of the Ghost Dance and Peyote religions. Wohaw died in Oklahoma in 1924.
Richard Henry Pratt (1840-1924) was a United States Army officer and organizer of the Indian Division of the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia. Pratt's theories about education of American Indians and their assimilation into American society led to the founding of the Carlisle School in 1879, where he served as superintendent until 1904.
Related Materials:
The National Museum of American History holds eight of the drawings donated by Pratt to the Smithsonian Institution (see 2008.0175.52-2008.0175.59).
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Pictographs
Works of art
Citation:
Fort Marion drawings collected by Richard Pratt, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Folklore
Vocabulary
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents:
In Schedule of John Wesley Powell's Introduction to the Study of Indian Languages; includes grammatical material, notes on mescal, pictographs (?), songs, Kiowa myth, love songs, and Comanche names. The schedule is well filled.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 347
General:
Previously titled "Words, phrases, and sentences."
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pictographs
Ledger drawings
Date:
1862-1901
Scope and Contents:
The calendar consists of 77 entries drawn on a piece of coarse cotton cloth with one selvedge edge and one edge machine hemmed. The entries begin near one end of the strip and move from left to right in a staggered linear sequence, stopping well short of the opposite end. Summer and winter entries alternate, with the register of summer entries drawn above the register of winter entries. A green forked pole accompanies pictures for summers when the Medicine Lodge ceremony was held. A yellow diamond outlined in blue indicates winter seasons. The calendar covers the period between 1862 and 1901. No information is known about the original production of this calendar.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2002-28
Local Note:
The collection record is based on information presented in Candace S. Greene and Russell Thornton, The Years the Stars Fell: Lakota Winter Counts at the Smithsonian, University of Nebraska Press, in press.
Album Information:
MS 2002-28 000
Genre/Form:
Pictographs
Ledger drawings
Citation:
Manuscript 2002-28, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
2 letters, James Mooney, May 11 -13, 1891. Kiowa pictographic writing from Oklahoma, Kiowa letter and partial translation and other Kiowa correspondence.
Collection Restrictions:
Manuscript 2372 is open for research.
Access to Manuscript 2372 requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2372, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Drawings
Pictographs
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1878
Scope and Contents:
The manuscript contains 28 drawings depicting warfare, courting, hunting, dances, a horse race, and an intertribal meeting. The drawings also include 5 pages with pictographs representing various words and the names of the prisoners. Included in the manuscript are rosters of the Ft. Marion prisoners listing the prisoners' names and tribal affiliations. Several drawings are inscribed with the name of Koba, some with the name Etahdleuh. Most were probably drawn by Koba.
Biographical / Historical:
Koba (Wild Horse) was born in 1848. During the Red River War he was a member of the Kiowa band that surrendered on February 18, 1875. Following his surrender, he was confined at Fort Sill, Indian Territory. He was accused of stealing horses and mules in Texas and participating in the August 22, 1874 skirmish at the Wichita Agency, one of the opening engagements of the Red River War. He was among the Kiowa prisoners who were incarcerated in Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida following the end of the conflict. He arrived at Fort Marion on May 21, 1875. After his release from Ft. Marion, Koba attended the Hampton Institute in Virginia. He arrived at Hampton on April 14, 1878. In June of 1879, he left Hampton to work on a farm in Lee, Massachusetts. He then enrolled in the Carlisle Institute in Pennsylvania, where he studied to be a tinsmith. He arrived at Carlisle on October 7, 1879. On September 10, 1880, Koba left Carlisle on what was intended to be a brief trip to Indian Territory. Although his health was failing, he was deemed fit to travel. He died of consumption on September 24, 1880, only three days after arriving at his destination.
Etahdleuh (1856-1888) was also known as Etahdleeuh, Etadeleuh, Etahdleuh Doanmoe, Boy, and Boy Hunting. He was imprisoned at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida from 1875-1878. After his release from Fort Marion, he attended the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia, arriving in April, 1878. In 1879, he travelled to the Indian Territory to recruit pupils to attend the Carlisle Institute in Pennsylvania, where he would study and work on and off from 1879 to 1887. He made two extended trips back to the reservation during this period and from February to May 1880, he worked at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He was trained as a Presbyterian missionary and returned to the reservation in January 1888 to serve in this capacity.
For further biographical information on Koba or Etahdleuh see Karen Daniels Petersen, Plains Indian Art from Fort Marion, University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.
Fort Marion, also known as Castillo de San Marco, is a stone fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two prisoners from the southern plains were incarcerated in the fort. Captain Richard Pratt supervised the prisoners during their incarceration at Fort Marion. The prisoners consisted of 27 Kiowas, 33 Cheyennes, 9 Comanches, 2 Arapahos, and a single Caddo. With the exception of one Cheyenne woman, all the prisoners were men. They had been accused of participating in the recent Red River War, earlier hostilities, or both. With the exception of the wife and daughter of one of the Comanche men, the prisoners families were not allowed to accompany them to Fort Marion. For further information on Fort Marion see Karen Daniels Petersen, Plains Indian Art from Fort Marion, University of Oklahoma Press, 1971 and Richard Pratt, Battlefield and Classroom, ed. by R. M. Utley, Yale University Press, 1964.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Leaves
Ledger drawings
Pictographs
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Contains list of English words with drawings representing each word with practice letter written in English. Also contains list of prisoners at Fort Marion with name glyphs. Inscription at head of first leaf reads "Kooba's [sic] Picture Words."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547629-08547635
OPPS NEG 91-1975
OPPS NEG 92-11001
OPPS NEG 92-11449 - 92-11452
OPPS NEG 92-11455 - 92-11456
NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 026
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Pictographs -- Kiowa
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
1881-1896
Scope and Contents:
Illustrated with two pictographs, one showing Da'tekan (Keeps His Name Always), a medicine man, in his tipi with a robe over his shoulder and a buffalo beneath his feet; the second pictograph represents Da'tekan's attempt to bring back the buffalo.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
1890-1896
Scope and Contents:
Illustrated with a pictograph showing Sitting Bull, the Arapaho prophet of the Ghost Dance, visiting the Kiowa tribe to give impetus to the Ghost Dance Movement.
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Anne Forbes Collection, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
