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Ralph H. Baer Papers

Creator:
Baer, Ralph H., 1922-2014  Search this
Extent:
16 Cubic feet (45 boxes and 1 oversize folder)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Audiotapes
Audiocassettes
Cd-roms
Diagrams
Drawings
Interviews
Videotapes
Correspondence
Sketches
Photographs
Oral history
Notes
Manuals
Date:
1943 - 2015
Summary:
Ralph H. Baer was a German-born ordnance specialist, inventor, and engineer. He was a pioneer of early videogame technology. The papers include autobiographical materials; firearms notes, manuscripts, and photographs; and videogame and television engineering notes, diagrams, schematics, and video documentation.
Scope and Contents:
The Ralph Baer Papers include autobiographical materials and an extended oral history interview. The Papers also include materials about military small arms created by Baer during his World War II service. The largest portion of the collection documents Baer's work on video games.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into 12 series.

Series 1: Autobiographical Documents, 1962-2006

Subseries 1.1: Manuscript, book and other documents, 1962-2006

Subseries 1.2: Other Media: CDs, VHS videos, periodical, 1991, 2000-2003

Series 2: WW II Small Arms Documents, 1943-1953

Subseries 2.1: Correspondence, 1950-1953

Subseries 2.2: Writings and notes, 1943-1948

Subseries 2.3: Drawings and schematics, undated

Subseries 2.4: Manuals and encyclopedias, 1943

Subseries 2.5: Photographs, 1945

Series 3: Hans Otto Mauksch Materials, 1944-1964

Subseries 3.1: Personal background information, 1944, 1945, 1946, 1964

Subseries 3.2: Instructional materials, 1944-1946, undated

Subseries 3.3: Ft. Riley, Kansas, 1946, 1953

Series 4: TV Game Documents, 1966-1972

Subseries 4.1: Working notes, diagrams and schematics, 1966-1971

Subseries 4.2: Administrative documents, 1966-1972 Subseries 4.3: Notebooks, 1966-1968

Subseries 4.4: TV game development documentation, 1966-1968

Series 5: Sanders Associates, Transitron, and Van Norman Industries, 1952-2003

Series 6: Product Development Documents, 1974-2015

Series 7: Product Guides and Technical Support, 1943-2011

Series 8: Legal and Patent Documents, 1966-2014

Series 9: Writings and Notes, 1946-1999

Series 10: Miscellaneous, 1961-2012

Series 11: Correspondence, 1983-2014

Series 12: Publicity and Awards, 1979-2015
Biographical / Historical:
Ralph H. Baer (1922-2014) was born in Germany and immigrated to the United States with his family in 1938. A graduate of the National Radio Institute (1940), Baer worked as a radio technician in the New York City area, servicing all types of home and auto radios. During World War II, Baer served in the United States Army, one year stateside, and two years in Europe. He was assigned to Military Intelligence and became an expert on military small arms. Baer returned to the United States with eighteen tons of foreign small arms for use in exhibits at Aberdeen, Maryland; Springfield, Massachusetts Armory; and Ft. Riley, Kansas.

After the war, Baer attended the American Television Institute of Technology in Chicago, graduating with a BS in television engineering. In 1949, Baer joined a small electro medical equipment firm, Wappler, Inc., as their chief engineer. He designed and built surgical cutting machines, epilators, and low frequency pulse generating muscle-toning equipment. In 1951, Baer moved to Loral Electronics of Bronx, New York as a senior engineer, designing power line carrier signaling equipment for IBM. During 1952-1956, Baer worked at Transitron, Inc., in New York City as a chief engineer and later as vice president. In 1956, Baer joined Sanders Associates in Nashua, New Hampshire building airborne radar components. He became manager of the Electronic Design Department at Sanders and eventually Division Manager and Chief Engineer for Equipment Design. Baer retired in 1987.

At Sanders in 1966, Baer began an independent project experimenting with ways for consumers to interact with standard home television sets. Development of interactive TV Game (TVG) ideas became a company-supported project continued by Baer and assisted by William H. Harrison and William T. Rusch (download the TV Game chronology prepared by Ralph Baer in 2006). By mid-1967, ping pong videogames were played inside Sanders, patent disclosures were applied for, and hardware was designed. Baer and his associates called the devices they were developing "boxes" and numbered the various versions one through seven. In 1971, Magnavox became Sanders Associates's first videogame licensee. Between 1972 and 1975, Magnavox produced and sold over 700,000 units of Odyssey, a set of games played on its television receivers. Atari became a licensee in 1976 after the first of many lawsuits won by Sanders in pursuit of patent infringements.

During his tenure at Sanders and thereafter, Baer was a prolific inventor. His creations included many electronic toys and games and other consumer electronic products. Among the better known products based on Baer's work are Milton Bradley's Simon, Galoob's Smarty Bear Video, and Kenner's Laser Command. In 2004 President George W. Bush awarded Baer the National Medal of Technology.

Baer married Dena Whinston in 1952 and they had three children, James, Mark, and Nancy. Ralph Baer died on December 6, 2014, at the age of 92.
Related Materials:
Materials at the Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Ralph H. Baer Innovative Lives Presentation, August 15, 2009 (NMAH.AC.1179)

The presentation documents a moderated conversation about Baer's life and work. Baer reenacts, with his partner William Harrison, the first time he played "Odyssey," the first home video game for the consumer market, which he invented, and answers questions from the audience. Materials include original video (born digital), master videos, and reference videos.

Materials at Other Organizations

Brian Sutton-Smith Library and Archives of Play at The Strong

Ralph H. Baer Papers, 1968-2010 inclusive; 1975-1998 bulk

The Ralph H. Baer papers are a compilation of correspondence, game designs, drawings, notes, reference materials, photographs, product descriptions, digital videos, schematics, electronic components, and manuals utilized by Ralph H. Baer throughout his lengthy career in the toy and game industry. The bulk of the materials are from 1975 through 1998.

U.S. Ordnance Museum, Fort Lee, Virginia

Materials consist of data on foreign small arms brought back from Europe in 1946 by Ralph H. Baer.

Museum of the Moving Image, Astoria, New York

Holdings include set of seven recreations of "TV game" prototypes originally created between 1966 and 1969, donated by pioneering game developer Ralph Baer. One of Baer's game prototypes, known as the "Brown Box," was licensed by Magnavox and released in 1972 as the Magnavox Odyssey, the world's first commercial home video game console.

University of Texas, Austin, Briscoe Center for American History

Ralph H. Baer "Brown Box" replica, 1952-1983, 2006-2012

The Ralph H. Baer "Brown Box" replica includes a fully-functional replica of Ralph Baer's "Brown Box," the prototype video game console that was used as the basis of the Magnavox Odyssey in 1972. The collection also contains related research materials.
Separated Materials:
The Division of Medicine and Science holds artifacts related to this collection including early video game prototypes and TV Game products.

TV Game Unit #1 (TVG#1); 1966; vacuum tube spot generator with Heathkit IG-62 Generator (See Accession 2006.0102.01)

Heathkit IG-62; used with TVG #1 (See Accession 2006.0102.02)

TV Game Unit #2 (TVG #2), aka the "Pump Unit," 1967; large aluminum chassis with wooden "pump" handle (See Accession 2006.0102.03)

TV Game Unit #7 (TVG#7), aka "Brown Box," 1967/1968; prototype for Magnavox Odyssey (See Accession 2006.0102.04)

Cardboard program cards for use with Brown Box (See Accession 2006.0102.05)

Lightgun, 1967/1968; game accessory for Brown Box (See Accession 2006.0102.06)

TV Game Unit #8, 1968; "de/dt" (velocity responsive) ballgame chassis for use with Brown Box (See Accession 2006.0102.07)

Magnavox Odyssey (Model ITL200) video game unit, 1972; with all accessories in the original carton (See Accession 2006.0102.08)

Milton-Bradley Company SIMON handheld microprocessor-control game, 1978 (See Accession 2006.0102.09)

Ideal Toy Company MANIAC microprocessor-control game, 1979, in original box with game instructions (See Accession 2006.0102.10)

Golf Game accessory, 1968; golf ball mounted on joystick handle for use with Brown Box (See Accession 2006.0102.11

"Brown Box" programming card, target shooting, 1967 (See Accession 2006.0102.12)
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Ralph H. Baer in 2003.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions. Copyright held by the Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Books  Search this
Firearms  Search this
Games  Search this
Litigation  Search this
Inventions -- 20th century  Search this
Machine guns  Search this
World War, 1939-1945  Search this
Weapons  Search this
Video games  Search this
Toys -- 20th century  Search this
Television -- History  Search this
Rifles  Search this
Pistols  Search this
Military intelligence  Search this
Genre/Form:
Audiotapes
Audiocassettes
CD-ROMs
Diagrams
Drawings -- 1940-1950
Interviews -- 2000-2010
Videotapes
Correspondence -- 1950-2000
Sketches
Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1940-1950
Photographs -- 20th century
Oral history -- 2000-2010
Notes
Manuals -- 1940-1950
Citation:
Ralph H. Baer Papers, 1943-2015, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0854
See more items in:
Ralph H. Baer Papers
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82f137fe4-60d3-4527-aa78-fed55d4b4fef
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0854
Online Media:

[Ella Fitzgerald with Sarah Vaughan : photoprint]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Vaughan, Sarah, 1924-1990  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (10" x 8".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
[ca. 1950.]
Scope and Contents:
Subjects are shown with drinks in hand, standing in front of a bar, probably at a reception.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000002.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Sarah Vaughan
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep88881ff41-cb40-4bef-a3e9-68e969cbba94
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2776

Frank Sinatra [photograph,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Sinatra, Frank, 1915-1998  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Sinatra rehearsing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald, possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000003.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep88710a8f4-d8d8-4c31-8452-0d60a5a5eb77
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2777

Frank Sinatra [photograph,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Sinatra, Frank, 1915-1998  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Sinatra reheasing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000004.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep860886d91-1fac-45c7-a6a0-d4c0933a38e3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2778

Frank Sinatra: [photograph,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Frank Sinatra rehearsing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald, possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000005.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Presidents -- Inauguration -- Washington (D.C.)  Search this
Singers  Search this
Jazz musicians  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep892b11f7d-f325-473e-bf9e-61968292a954
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2779

Frank Sinatra: [photograph,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Frank Sinatra rehearsing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald, possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000006.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8542c3789-a9c4-441c-9473-e547530f1565
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2780

Gene Kelly [photoprint,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Kelly, Gene, 1912-1996  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Gene Kelly rehearsing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald, possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000007.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8802dc1ae-3e89-48f5-a91e-1f2da0bb1d57
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2781

Peter Lawford [photoprint,]

Photographer?:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Lawford, Peter, 1923-  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-1/2" x 3-1/2".)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
January, 1961
Scope and Contents:
Photograph of Peter Lawford rehearsing for Kennedy Inaugural Gala, January 1961. Ella Fitzgerald, possible photographer.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000008.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Occupation:
Actors  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.7: Photographs from Friends and Fans / Sinatra, Frank and Harry Belafonte, Gene Kelly, Peter Lawford Kennedy Inauguration Gala, 1961
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep84016a4d5-a6c2-47ab-a420-6f31669967b3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2782

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama : photoprint]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject standing with four other persons.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000009.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep868b72bb2-377f-4441-94ad-78fce8dcb3d3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2783

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown operating a drinking fountain, with a life preserver hung on a pole.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000010.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8992f074a-ebee-4b25-abfb-07c36ff2de59
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2784

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photoprint]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subjects stands on railroad car, talking to two men.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000011.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f2e1a130-6d14-4624-aa72-e12332bf4b24
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2785

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown walking up steps, with a canal boat behind her.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000012.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87df6e067-3609-466f-8f8d-95e31f9d591a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2786

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is leaning out a boat window.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000013.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81222afff-4c4b-4e47-9925-0d57c2eacbc1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2787

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown talking to a man in uniform.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000014.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8519c5a38-3ccd-4948-8f67-5ec44206821b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2788

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown standing beside railroad track, talking to men on boat.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000015.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep845b70ada-d4a7-44dd-a56f-74d24abb6ba1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2789

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photograph]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown standing near railroad track, talking to men on boat.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000016.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e27a7bce-505a-4b35-aa51-a9f4da15f9c3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2790

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photoprint]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown standing on a railroad car.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000017.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8552f5036-d23c-42a5-a9c5-f1ed26e05a23
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2791

[Ella Fitzgerald in Panama: photoprint]

Names:
Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised (Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005).  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fitzgerald, Ella, 1917-1996  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (3-9/16" x 3-1/2".)
Culture:
African Americans -- 1950-1960  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Place:
Panama
Date:
[ca. 1955.]
Scope and Contents:
Subject is shown leaning out of a boat window.
Local Numbers:
AC0584.0000018.tif (AC Scan, Front)
Exhibitions Note:
Shown in exhibition "Jazz Photographs: Composed and Improvised," Archives Center display cases, National Museum of American History, March 28-May 10, 2005.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Only reference copies of audiovisual materials can be used.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Jazz musicians  Search this
African American singers -- 1950-1960  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-2000 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Ella Fitzgerald Papers
Ella Fitzgerald Papers / Series 2: Photographs / 2.4: Ella Fitzgerald with Family, Colleagues, and Friends / Oscar Peterson, Herb Ellis at Panama Canal
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87d1df702-ffb3-4ddb-b70c-5c5c9368fccb
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0584-ref2792

Max Roach -- NYC [black-and-white photoprint,]

Photographer:
Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010  Search this
Names:
Roach, Max, 1924-2007  Search this
Collection Creator:
Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (Silver gelatin on paper.)
Container:
Box 1, Folder 28
Culture:
African Americans  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
1950
Scope and Contents:
Roach is shown playing the drums in a recording studio. Title, signature, date in lower margin.
Arrangement:
Box No. 1.
Local Numbers:
AC0445-0000009.tif (AC Scan No.)
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center does not own the rights to the Leonard photographs. All requests for permission to use these photographs for non‑museum purposes must be addressed to: Herman Leonard Photography, LLC, 530 South Lake Avenue #503, Pasadena, CA 91101 (818) 509-8987.
Topic:
African American musicians  Search this
Drums  Search this
Drummers (Musicians)  Search this
Jazz  Search this
Musicians -- 1950-2000  Search this
Collection Citation:
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection, 1948-1993, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection / Series 1: 11" x 14" Prints
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8534183bb-7ff1-4b3f-b088-26c093880e1a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0445-ref43
Online Media:

Frank Sinatra -- NYC [in a New York City recording studio] [black-and-white photoprint,]

Photographer:
Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010  Search this
Names:
Sinatra, Frank, 1915-1998  Search this
Collection Creator:
Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010  Search this
Extent:
1 Item
Container:
Box 1, Folder 29
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Photographs
Place:
New York (N.Y.)
Date:
1956
Scope and Contents:
Title under image, left; signed under image, right.
Local Numbers:
AC0445-0000006.tif (AC Scan)

00044504.tif (AC Scan, duplicate)
General:
In Box 1, Folder 29.
Restrictions:
Unrestricted research use on site by appointment. Photographs must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.
Collection Rights:
The Archives Center does not own the rights to the Leonard photographs. All requests for permission to use these photographs for non‑museum purposes must be addressed to: Herman Leonard Photography, LLC, 530 South Lake Avenue #503, Pasadena, CA 91101 (818) 509-8987.
Topic:
Studios (work spaces)  Search this
Singers  Search this
Jazz  Search this
Musicians -- 1950-2000  Search this
Genre/Form:
Photographs -- 1950-1960 -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin
Collection Citation:
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection, 1948-1993, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection
Herman Leonard Photographic Collection / Series 1: 11" x 14" Prints
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82e3f4fd4-786d-4256-b543-21850f38495e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0445-ref44
Online Media:

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