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Hoopes Bro. & Darlington, Inc., Records

Manufacturer:
Hoopes Brother & Darlington, Inc.  Search this
Names:
Hoopes, Thomas, 1834-1925  Search this
Hoopes, William, 1830-1917  Search this
Extent:
4.6 Cubic feet (15 boxes, 1 map folder)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Articles
Blueprints
Catalogs
Correspondence
Patents
Photographs
Price lists
Place:
Pennsylvania -- West Chester
Date:
1834-1978
bulk 1920s-1930s
Summary:
Records document the activities of the Hoopes, Bro. & Darlington Company, manufacturers of wooden wheels in West Chester, Pennsylvania.
Content Description:
Records document the activities of the Hoopes, Bro. & Darlington Company in West Chester, Pennsylvania, a manufacturer of wooden spokes for wheels. Materials include photographs, blueprints, price lists, catalogs, patents, correspondence, articles, film scripts and other supplemental documention for the film, "The Last Wheel Works: The Industrial Archaeology of a Wood Wheel Manufactory," and an oral history transcript with Thomas Hoopes, Jr.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into four series.

Series 1: Operational Records, 1885-1964

Series 2: Patent Materials, 1834-1936

Series 3: Drawings, 1867-1955

Series 4: The Last Wheel Works Film Project Records, 1968-1969, 1978
Historical:
Hoopes Bro. & Darlington Wheel Works of West Chester, Pennsylvania was founded in 1867 by William and Thomas Hoopes to manufacture wooden wheels for carriages, wagons, and later automobile and motor truck wheels. In 1868, their cousin Edward S. Darlington joined the company. The company also made baseball bats and skis.
Related Materials:
Materials at the Archives Center

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series Wagons, NMAH.AC.0060

Hagan Brothers Carriage and Wagonmakers records, NMAH.AC.1154

Samuel J. Meeks Carriage Works Records, NMAH.AC.1502

James Cunningham, Son and Company records, NMAH.AC.1193

Materials at Other Organizations

Hagley Museum and Library

The Hoopes Brothers & Darlington Inc. photograph collection (Accession 1969.099)

Collection consists of miscellaneous images from the company, largely dating between 1900 and 1948, as well as advertising material and letterheads. The photographs include images of the company's exhibit at the 1876 International Exposition in Philadelphia; an unidentified ca. 1890 trade show; their saw mill in Jackson, Mississippi, ca. 1910; various models of wooden wheels; two automobiles with wooden wheels; and views of the factory.

The Last Wheel Works: The Industrial Archaeology of a Wood Wheel Manufactory

16 mm film produced in 1975 and sponsored by the Smithsonian and the Eleutherian Mills-Hagley Foundation about the manufacturing process employed by Hoopes Brothers & Darlington, a wooden wheel producer located in West Chester, Pennsylvania. The film details each step required to fashion a 16-spoke carriage wheel from raw lumber. Directed by Peter H. Smith and Robert M. Vogel. Written by Pierce Atkins. Filmed by Albert J. Robinson and Frank T. Herzog. Post Production by John W. Hiller and Karen Loveland. Technical support by Robert A. Howard, John D. Milner, Julia F. Davis, and Don Berkebile. With financial support from the Raymond John Wean Foundation.

Chester County Historical Society, West Chester, Pennsylvania

Thomas Hoopes Family Papers, 1876-1890

The bulk of the documents were written between 1876 and 1890, and addressed to Amanda Hoopes (unless otherwise indicated). Many of the letters were written by various members of the extended family, but a considerable amount of them were written by Thomas and sent to Amanda while she was residing in Elmira, New York. Also included are a collection of stamps and several blank postcards and envelopes.
Provenance:
Immediate source of acquisition unknown.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Wheels  Search this
Wagon wheels  Search this
Woodworking  Search this
Woodworking machinery  Search this
Woodworking industries  Search this
Genre/Form:
Articles
Blueprints
Catalogs
Correspondence
Patents
Photographs
Price lists
Citation:
Hoopes Bro. & Darlington, Inc., Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1578
See more items in:
Hoopes Bro. & Darlington, Inc., Records
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e3789327-3998-4e8d-9178-86f3bc980daf
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1578

Modjeski and Masters Company Records

Creator:
Modjeski and Masters  Search this
Collector:
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of History of Technology  Search this
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Mechanical and Civil Engineering  Search this
Names:
Masters, Frank, 1883-1974  Search this
Modjeski, Ralph, 1861-1940  Search this
Interviewer:
Vogel, Robert M.  Search this
Extent:
60 Cubic feet (140 boxes, 23 map folders)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Oral history
Lantern slides
Photographs
Drawings
Contracts
Letterpress books
Correspondence
Place:
Harrisburg (Penn.)
Pennsylvania
Date:
1870-1979
bulk 1900-1940
Summary:
The records document the work of consulting engineers and bridge builders, Ralph Modjeski (1861-1940) and Frank Masters (1883-1974) of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
Scope and Contents:
This collection documents the civil engineering career of Ralph Modjeski (1861-1940) and Frank masters (1883-1974). The materials include bound volumes and loose photographs of bridge work-in-progress; printed reports; articles, pamphlets; drawings, blue prints and tracings of bridges; letterpress books of correspondence; contracts; reports; studies of bridge materials; and glass plate negatives and lantern slides depicting bridges.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into ten series.

Series 1: Biographical Materials, 1915-1986

Series 2: Letter Press Books, 1898-1906

Series 3: Photographs, 1878-1979

Series 4: Contracts, 1895-1960

Series 5: Printed Materials, 1862-1969

Series 6: Newspaper Clippings, 1924-1941

Series 7: Lantern Slides, undated

Series 8: Glass Plate Negatives, 1906-1926

Series 9: Film Negatives, 1924, undated

Series 10: Drawings, 1901-1952
Biographical / Historical:
Rudolphe Modrzejewski was born to Helena Jadwiga Opid (d.1909) and Gustav Sinnmayer Modrzejewski (d. 1901) on January 27, 1861, in Cracow, Poland. His mother was an internationally known stage actress who went by the name Helena Modrzejewska. In 1868, Helena married Count Karol Bożenta Chłapowski. In July 1876, Helena and Rudolphe emigrated to America, where, for purposes of American citizenship, the Polish form of their surname was later changed to Modjeski (feminine form Modjeska). Modjeski became a naturalized citizen in 1883 in San Francisco, California.

In 1882, Modjeski returned to Europe to study at the Ecole Des Ponts et Chaussees and graduated in 1885 with a degree in civil engineering. Modjeski worked with prominent civil engineer and "Father of American Bridge Building," George S. Morison, on the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge over the Missouri River at Omaha as an assistant engineer. He remained with Morison from 1885 to 1892. Some of his assignments included working in the shops which produced steel sections; the design office where he advanced to chief draftsman; and as an inspector of quality control in shops that fabricated steel elements. Modjeski worked with Morison on his Willamette, Nebraska City, Sioux City, Winona, Cairo, and Memphis bridges across the Mississippi River. The Memphis bridge was the longest span cantilever in the country at the time.

In 1893, Modjeski opened a civil engineering practice in Chicago with S. Nicholson. After some financial difficulties, Nicholson and Modjeski dissolved their partnership. Modjeski's first individual large commission was the bridge at Rock Island, Illinois (1895) across the Mississippi River where he designed and supervised the construction of the bridge for the federal government and the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway Company.

In 1902, Modjeski went into partnership with fellow civil engineer, Alfred Noble (1844-1914) forming the firm of Noble and Modjeski. He went into partnership with Walter Angier, under the name Modjeski and Angier, civil and inspecting engineers, between 1912 and 1924 with several offices around the United States. Angiers had worked with him beginning in 1902 on the bridge across the Mississippi at Thebes, Illinois. Modjeski partnered, in 1924, with Frank Masters (1883-1974), who had worked with him and Angiers between 1904 and 1914 on the Memphis and Louisville Bridges, forming Modjeski and Masters. Clement E. Chase and Montgomery B. Case later joined the firm as partners. In 1937, Masters assumed full control and ownership of the firm which specialized in the design and construction supervision of large bridges and other structures, rehabilitation and reconstruction of existing bridges, the design of highways and expressways, subways and wharves, the design of large and complex foundations, inspection of construction materials, and the creation of surveys, investigations and reports.

Modjeski built and/or consulted on over forty bridges in his lifetime. He built truss, steel arch, and suspension bridges. He introduced steel tower pylons in place of masonry towers and he used better grades of steel, such as new steel alloys with improved strength and durability. He also introduced advancements in the design of cable configurations and deck-stiffening beams. Some of his major projects included: the Columbia River and Willamette bridges, McKinley Bridge at St. Louis; the Celilo Railroad Bridge at Celilo, Ohio; the Thebes Bridge over the Mississippi; the Quebec Bridge over the St. Lawrence River; the Delaware River Bridge; the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Manhattan Bridge, and the Mid-Hudson Bridge.

On December 28, 1885, Modjeski married Felicie Benda (d. 1936) in New York and the couple had three children: Felix Bozenta Modjeski (1887); Marylka Stuart Modjeski (1894) and Charles Emmanuel John Modjeski (1896-1944). Ralph and Felicie divorced in 1931. He later married Virginia Giblyn on July 7, 1931. Modjeski died in Los Angles on June 26, 1940.
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center

Bollman Truss Bridge Collection, 1852-1986 (AC1064)

Canadian Bridges Photograph Albums, 1873-1911 (AC1025)

Victor C. Darnell Bridge Construction Photographs, 1911-1913 and undated (AC1018)

Beata Drake Covered Bridge Collection, 1954-1981 (AC0998)

Ben Franklin Bridge Photograph Album, 1922-1926 (AC1029)

Hartford, Connecticut Bridge Collection, 1903-1905 (AC1066)

Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Bridge Profiles, 1877-1896 (AC1073)

Richard H. Miller Bridge Collection : postcards and slides, circa 1950-1988 and undated, #950

George S. Morison Collection, 1846-1903 (AC0978)

Niagara Falls Bridge Commission Records, 1848-1946 (bulk 1890-1929) (AC1060)

Northern Pacific Railroad Bridge Construction Photograph Album, 1883-1884 (AC1030)

David Plowden North American Bridge Photographs, 1970-1976 (AC1019)

Quebec Bridge Photograph Collection, 1905-1986 (bulk 1905-1916) (AC1026)

Railroad Bridges Construction Photograph Album, circa 1905-1914 (AC1024)

Samuel Reed Bridge Collection, 1947-1964 (AC1001)

Rip Van Winkle Bridge Photographs, 1933-1935 (AC1027)

John A. Roebling Collection,1836-1975 (bulk 1930-1950) (AC0981)

Holton Duncan Robinson Papers, 1889-1938 (AC0963)

Lucinda Rudell Covered Bridges Collection, 1942-1979 (AC1028)

Lester Shanks Collection of Covered Bridge Photographs and Ephemera, 1876-2010 (bulk 1973-2008) (AC1244)

Washington, D.C. Bridges Collection, 1900-1905 (AC01095)

Raymond E. Wilson Covered Bridge Collection, 1958-1974 (AC0999)

Materials at Other Organizations

Southern Illinois University, Morris Library Special Collections

Walter E. Angier photograph collection, 1901-1915

Walter E. Angier Vertical File Manuscript, 1924

Michigan Historical Collections, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

Alfred Noble Papers, 1862-1922
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Modejeski and Masters Consulting Engineers, through Joseph J. Scherrer, October 2, 1990.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Civil engineering  Search this
Bridge failures  Search this
Bridges  Search this
Genre/Form:
Oral history -- 1950-1970
Lantern slides
Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Glass
Drawings
Contracts
Letterpress books
Photographs -- 19th century
Correspondence
Citation:
Modjeski and Masters Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0976
See more items in:
Modjeski and Masters Company Records
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep827750b46-05ec-4519-8a2c-dddf6ab57d6e
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0976
Online Media:

W. Atlee Burpee & Company Records - Accretion 2

Creator:
W. Atlee Burpee Company  Search this
Burpee, W. Atlee (Washington Atlee), 1858-1915  Search this
Burpee, David, 1893-1980  Search this
Wm. Henry Maule (Firm)  Search this
James Vick's Sons (Rochester, N.Y.).  Search this
Extent:
200 Cubic feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Trade catalogs
Business records
Commercial correspondence
Instructional materials
Ledgers (account books)
Date:
circa 1873-1980
Summary:
The W. Atlee Burpee & Company records, dated circa 1873-1986, document the firm's business activities developing plant varieties, working with contract seedsmen, and marketing and selling seeds. They include seed trial records, seed contracts, sales and acccounting records, inventories, office correspondence, seed catalogs, promotional and instructional materials, advertisements and advertising reports, contest letters, daybooks, photographs, reference materials, and other items relating to the company and some of its competitors. The collection also includes Burpee family papers.
Content Description:
This collection documents W. Atlee Burpee & Co., a mail-order seed company based in Philadelphia, from its early beginnings in 1876 when its founder, W. Atlee Burpee, started in the agricultural business, to the 1970s when his son, David Burpee, sold the firm. The collection also includes personal papers of the Burpee family dating back to the mid-nineteenth century.

Business-related content in the collection consists of crop propagation and management records; company correspondence; administrative and personnel records; advertising files; legal papers; property records and plans; reports, studies, and technical data; notes and drafts; files on professional outreach activities and events; trade literature (published by both the Burpee company and a number of its competitors); and awards and certificates received by the company. Significant topics documented in these files include the development of notable flower and vegetable varieties introduced by the company; the impact of World Wars I and II on gardening and the global seed trade; advertising strategies, technology, and innovation; and David Burpee's advocacy of the marigold as the national floral emblem of the United States.

The Burpee family papers consist of personal files unrelated to the company's business operations. These include records generated by W. Atlee's father (David Burpee, 1827-1882) and grandfather (Washington L. Atlee, 1808-1878), as well as W. Atlee's wife, Blanche (1863-1948); David Burpee (1893-1980) and his wife, Lois (1912-1984); and W. Atlee Burpee II (1894-1966). There are genealogical surveys conducted on both the Atlee and Burpee families as well as clippings about family members. W. Atlee and David Burpee's series are the most extensive, and cover their involvement with numerous social and philanthropic clubs and organizations. The series include personal correspondence; financial, accounting, and tax records; travel-related files; reference material; and will and estate papers.

The Burpee collection also has a large number of images related to the Burpee business and family in a variety of formats including photographs, film and glass plate negatives, and advertisement mock-ups. Other formats include architectural and site plans, original artwork for advertisements, films, cassettes, audio tapes, and ephemera.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into six series:

Series 1: Plant/Farm Related Material Series 2: Business Records Series 3: Material Published About the Burpee Company Series 4: Awards and Certificates Series 5: Photographic and A/V Materials Series 6: Burpee Family Papers

The collection's original order was maintained wherever possible, though many records were found scattered throughout the collection and artificial files were necessarily created for them.

Most files are arranged chronologically or alphabetically by person or topic.

Various photographs interspersed in correspondence files were kept where they were originally found. All other photographic and audio/visual materials found on their own were grouped in Series 5 Photographic and A/V Material which documents aspects of both the Burpee company and Burpee family.
Biographical / Historical:
Washington Atlee Burpee (1858-1915) began a mail-order poultry and livestock business in 1876 in Philadelphia, which he soon expanded to include corn seed for chicken feed. In 1878, he founded W. Atlee Burpee & Co. to sell livestock and vegetable, fruit, and flower seeds through the mail. His company went on to become one of the most notable seed distributors in the world.

In 1888, W. Atlee bought a tract of land named Fordhook Farms in Doylestown, Pennsylvania. It was initially established as an experimental farm to test and evaluate new varieties of vegetables and flowers and to produce seeds for the mail-order market. Burpee spent many summers traveling throughout the United States and Europe visiting farms and searching for the best flowers and vegetables. Certain plants he found were shipped back to the firm for testing and propagation; other seeds were obtained through contracts with growers throughout the U.S., a practice common in the seed industry at that time. Promising varieties were bred with healthier specimens to produce hardier hybrids that were more resistant to disease. Other Burpee trial grounds were later established at Sunnybrook Farm near Swedesboro, New Jersey, and at Floradale Farms in Lompoc, California (1909/1910). The company went on to purchase more land for farming in California, and established sales branch headquarters in Sanford, Florida (circa 1930s), Clinton, Iowa (1942), and Riverside, California (1949).

W. Atlee Burpee married Blanche Simons (1863-1948) in 1892. They had three sons: David (1893-1980); W. Atlee Jr. ("Junior") (1894-1966); and Stuart Alexander (1901-1934). Both David and Junior attended the Blight School in Philadelphia for elementary school and Culver Military Academy in Culver, Indiana for preparatory school. While they both attended Cornell University as undergraduates, they left before graduating due to W. Atlee's poor health. Junior married Jeanetta Lee (1893-1981) in November, 1916, and they had two children: W. Atlee III (1917-1971) and Jeanette (1919-2002). David married Lois Torrance (1912-1984) in 1938, and they had two children: Johnathan (b. 1941) and Blanche (b. 1943). Stuart Alexander was apparently born with a disability; according to census records he worked on farms during his lifetime.

David Burpee took over the family business upon his father's death in 1915; W. Atlee Burpee, Jr. served as treasurer of the firm once he returned from serving in the military. At that time, the Burpee company had 300 employees and was the largest mail-order seed company in the world. It distributed over one million catalogs a year and received on average 10,000 orders a day. Under David's tutelage, the company adapted to contemporaneous shifts in business and advertising methods, advancements in plant science, ever-changing consumer demands, and two World Wars. In response to food shortages experienced during World War I, the Burpee company helped promote a "war gardens" campaign that evolved into a "victory gardens" campaign during World War II.

Both W. Atlee and David used their position as head of a major seed house to lobby congressional debates in regard to two topics: postage rates (W. Atlee) and the designation of a national floral emblem for the United States (David). Both men belonged to The Union League of Philadelphia and The Canadian Society of Philadelphia (which W. Atlee helped found), and served on the boards of directors for hospitals and other charitable organizations. Both father and son were politically aligned with the Republican Party.

The firm reorganized its governing structure in 1917 at which time it changed its name from W. Atlee Burpee & Co. to W. Atlee Burpee Co. Burpee's acquired three seed companies between 1878 and 1970: Luther Burbank Seed Company, James Vick's Seeds, Inc., and the William Henry Maule Company. David Burpee sold the company to the General Foods Corporation in 1970 and served as a consultant for the business until 1973. The Burpee brand was bought by its current owner, George J. Ball, Inc., in 1991.
General:
The project to arrange and rehouse the W. Atlee Burpee & Co. Records received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care and Preservation Fund, administered by the National Collections Program and the Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee.
The project to digitize select Burpee records originating from Burpee Co.'s Sanford branch that had been affected by water damage and mold received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care and Preservation Fund, administered by the National Collections Program and the Smithsonian Collections Advisory Committee.
Related Materials:
Burpee seed catalogs donated to the Smithsonian in 1982 by the W. Atlee Burpee Co. can be found in the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives' Trade Literature Collection at the National Museum of American History.

The Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection in the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division includes a series of images of Burpee company operations taken in 1943.

The Black Gold Cooperative Library System's Asian/Pacific - Americans on the Central Coast Collection includes images dated 1933-1939 of Japanese employees of the Burpee Co. working at Floradale Farms in Lompoc, California.
Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Seed industry and trade  Search this
Mail-order business -- Catalogs  Search this
Gardens -- United States  Search this
Horticulture  Search this
Vegetables  Search this
Trial gardens  Search this
Victory gardens  Search this
Prize contests in advertising  Search this
Advertising, Newspaper -- 20th century  Search this
Advertising, magazine -- 20th century  Search this
Flower shows  Search this
Genre/Form:
Trade catalogs
Business records
Commercial correspondence
Instructional materials
Ledgers (account books)
Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, W. Atlee Burpee & Company Records
Identifier:
AAG.BUR2
See more items in:
W. Atlee Burpee & Company Records - Accretion 2
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb697bb6243-1e96-416d-b552-0925a2866fbc
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aag-bur2
Online Media:

W. Atlee Burpee & Company records

Creator:
W. Atlee Burpee Company  Search this
Burpee, W. Atlee (Washington Atlee), 1858-1915  Search this
Burpee, David, 1893-1980  Search this
James Vick's Sons (Rochester, N.Y.).  Search this
Wm. Henry Maule (Firm)  Search this
Extent:
201 Cubic feet
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Advertising
Business records
Correspondence
Account books
Pamphlets
Trade catalogs
Date:
circa 1873-1986
bulk 1890-1930
Summary:
The W. Atlee Burpee & Company records, dated circa 1873-1986, document the firm's business activities developing plant varieties and marketing and selling seeds. They include accounting records, seed trial records, seed contracts, sales records, inventories, office correspondence, seed catalogs, promotional and instructional materials, advertisements and advertising reports, contest letters, daybooks, photographs, reference materials, and other items relating to the company and some of its competitors.
Scope and Contents:
This collection documents W. Atlee Burpee & Co., a mail-order seed company based in Philadelphia, from its early beginnings in 1876 when its founder, W. Atlee Burpee, started in the agricultural business, to the 1970s when his son, David Burpee, sold the family's then-global company. The collection also includes personal papers of the Burpee family dating back to the mid-nineteenth century.

Business-related content in the collection consists of crop propagation and management records; company correspondence; administrative and personnel records; advertising files; legal papers; property records and plans; reports, studies, and technical data; notes and drafts; files on professional outreach activities and events; trade literature (published by both the Burpee company and a number of its competitors); and awards and certificates received by the company. Significant topics documented in these files include the development of notable flower and vegetable novelties introduced by the company; the impact of World Wars I and II on gardening and the global seed trade; advertising strategies, technology, and innovation; and David Burpee's involvement in the national floral emblem congressional debate.

The Burpee family papers consist of personal files unrelated to the company's business operations. This includes records generated by W. Atlee's father (David Burpee, 1827-1882) and grandfather (Washington L. Atlee, 1808-1878), as well as W. Atlee's wife, Blanche (1863-1948); David Burpee (1893-1980) and his wife, Lois (1912-1984); and W. Atlee Burpee II (1894-1966). There are genealogical surveys conducted on both the Atlee and Burpee families as well as clippings about family members. W. Atlee and David Burpee's series are the most extensive and cover their involvement with numerous clubs and societies such as the Canadian Society of Philadelphia, the Union League of Philadelphia, and, for David Burpee, his involvement with Pearl S. Buck's Welcome House charity. The series include personal correspondence; financial, accounting, and tax records; files generated during vacations; reference material; and will and estate papers.

The Burpee collection also has a large number of images related to the Burpee business and family in a variety of formats including photographs, film and glass plate negatives, and advertisement mock-ups. Other formats include architectural and site plans, original artwork for advertisements, films, cassettes, audio tapes, and ephemera.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into six series:

Series 1: Plant/Farm Related Material

Series 2: Business Records

Series 3: Material Published About the Burpee Company

Series 4: Awards and Certificates

Series 5: Photographic and A/V Materials

Series 6: Burpee Family Papers
Biographical / Historical:
Washington Atlee Burpee (1858-1915) began a mail-order poultry and livestock business in 1876 in Philadelpia, which he soon expanded to include corn seed for chicken feed. In 1878, he founded W. Atlee Burpee & Co., the primary focus of which was to sell vegetable, fruit, and flower seeds through the mail. This company would go on to become one of the most notable seed distributors in the United States.

By 1888, Burpee's family home, Fordhook Farms, in Doylestown, Pennsylvania, was established as an experimental farm to test and evaluate new varieties of vegetables and flowers, and to produce seeds. Burpee spent many summers traveling throughout the United States and Europe, visiting farms and searching for the best flowers and vegetables; certain plants he found were shipped to Fordhook Farms for testing. Plants that survived were bred with healthier specimens to produce heartier hybrids that were more resistant to disease. Other Burpee trial gardens were established in Lompoc, California and near Swedesboro, New Jersey.

Burpee's son David took over the family business upon his father's death in 1915. At that time, the Burpee Company had 300 employees and was the largest mail order seed company in the world. It distributed over one million catalogs a year and received as many as 10,000 orders a day. In response to food shortages caused by World War I, the Burpee Company helped promote a "war gardens" campaign that evolved into a "victory gardens" campaign during World War II. Both were aimed at city dwellers and instructed them on how to grow vegetables for their own consumption to aid in the war effort.

Sometime in the 1930s, the Burpee Company entered into a business relationship with the James Vick's Company of Rochester, New York. In 1947, Burpee purchased the assets of and rights to the use of the name of the Wm. Henry Maule Co. In 1970, Burpee was sold to General Foods; the corporate headquarters moved from Philadelphia to Warminster, Pennsylvania in 1974. David Burpee remained a consultant for the company until his death in 1981. In 1991, the Burpee Company was acquired by George J. Ball, Inc.
Related Materials:
Burpee seed catalogs donated to the Smithsonian in 1982 by the W. Atlee Burpee Co. can be found in the Smithsonian Libraries and Archives' Trade Literature Collection at the National Museum of American History.

The Farm Security Administration - Office of War Information Photograph Collection in the Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division includes a series of images of Burpee company operations taken in 1943.

The Black Gold Cooperative Library System's Asian/Pacific - Americans on the Central Coast Collection includes images dated 1933-1939 of Japanese employees of the Burpee Co. working at Floradale Farms in Lompoc, California.
Restrictions:
Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Rights:
Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.
Topic:
Seed industry and trade  Search this
Mail-order business  Search this
Gardens -- United States  Search this
Business  Search this
Agriculture  Search this
Horticulture  Search this
Vegetables  Search this
Flowers  Search this
Trial gardens  Search this
Victory gardens  Search this
Contests  Search this
Genre/Form:
Advertising
Business records
Correspondence
Account books -- 19th century
Account books -- 20th century
Pamphlets
Trade catalogs
Citation:
Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, W. Atlee Burpee & Company Records.
Identifier:
AAG.BUR
See more items in:
W. Atlee Burpee & Company records
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Gardens
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb61614fe59-fe73-49f7-a297-a129d1ef0c0a
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-aag-bur
Online Media:

Library Company of Philadelphia Print Dept. photograph collection, [ca. 1850]-1890

Creator:
Library Company of Philadelphia. Print Dept  Search this
Subject:
Richards, Frederick de Bourg  Search this
Sully, Thomas  Search this
Peale, Rembrandt  Search this
Moran, Edward  Search this
Moran, John  Search this
Richards, William Trost  Search this
Lewis, Edmund Darch  Search this
Wood, George Bacon  Search this
Williams, Isaac  Search this
Lambdin, James Reid  Search this
Waugh, Samuel Bell  Search this
Rothermel, Peter Frederick  Search this
Sartain family (Philadelphia, Pa.)  Search this
Sartain, John  Search this
Sartain, Samuel  Search this
Sartain, William  Search this
Sartain, Emily  Search this
Read, Thomas Buchanan  Search this
Eakins, Thomas  Search this
Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts  Search this
Artists' Fund Society  Search this
James S. Earle & Son  Search this
Pennsylvania State Capitol (Harrisburg, Pa.)  Search this
United States Sanitary Commission  Search this
Great Central Fair for the U.S. Sanitary Commission (1864 : Philadelphia, Pa.)  Search this
Citation:
Library Company of Philadelphia Print Dept. photograph collection, [ca. 1850]-1890. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Topic:
Photograph collections -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia -- Photographs  Search this
Photography -- Early works to 1900 -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia -- Photographs  Search this
Artists -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia -- Photographs  Search this
Theme:
Photography  Search this
Art organizations  Search this
Record number:
(DSI-AAA_CollID)10147
(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)213118
AAA_collcode_librcomp
Theme:
Photography
Art organizations
Data Source:
Archives of American Art
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_213118

Joe Kirkwood at Penn Athletic Club, Demonstrating Method Of Hitting Golf Balls with Three Clubs

Creator:
Acme Photo Company  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photomechanical print (004 in x 005 in)
Type:
Archival materials
Photomechanical prints
Photographs
Date:
1928
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.05011007
Local Note:
Black and white photomechanical print
Place:
Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Oceania: Indonesia: Java: Gen/Misc 05011007, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Oceania / Indonesia / Java
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw372494926-9010-4221-a07b-05b2f4d5c307
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref10971

Bieri or Fang Reliquary Guardian: Wooden Figure

Creator:
Shuler, Charles R.  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (006 in x 009 in)
Culture:
Fang (Fan)  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.06009100
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pennsylvania? -- Philadelphia?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Africa: Gabon/French Eq Africa: Fang 06009100, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Africa / Gabon/French Eq Africa / Fang
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw34b9b0023-07fe-4dd2-9eb1-df545be73247
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref14006
Online Media:

Object

Names:
Commercial Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.)  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (008 in x 009 in)
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents:
Textile: Men and Horse Design
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04418200
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia ?/Philadelphia Commercial Museum ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Unidentified: Misc 04418200, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Unidentified / Misc
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3518c24c1-86b9-4e59-9984-0ce4efdb5ae4
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref4648
Online Media:

Object

Names:
Heinz Collection, Philadelphia  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (004 in x 007 in)
Culture:
Chinese  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
1910
Scope and Contents:
Candlestick:"Pricket Candlestick"
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04483600

OPPS NEG.12971O
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: China: General: Objects 04483600, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / China / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw358b7e7d0-7349-4484-8ad4-cfd5e6c0b768
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref5265
Online Media:

Object

Names:
Commercial Museum (Philadelphia, Pa.)  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (008 in x 010 in)
Culture:
Chinese  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Scope and Contents:
Musical Instrument, Wood:String:Called Pi-Pa?
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04485500
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint
Place:
Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: China: General: Objects 04485500, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / China / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw375a9d2b9-abfb-460a-9df3-233625ad2971
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref5284
Online Media:

Playing Card, Set, Paper?:Paint:19th Century

Names:
University of Pennsylvania  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (007 in x 009 in mounted on 008 in x 013 in)
Culture:
Thai  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04857400
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint on cardboard mount
Place:
Pennsylvania ? -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Objects 04857400, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3630a1482-8f64-44e5-9547-17aa34a2e831
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9252

Playing Card, Set, Paper?:Paint:19th Century

Names:
University of Pennsylvania  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (007 in x 009 in mounted on 008 in x 013 in)
Culture:
Thai  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04857500
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint on cardboard mount
Place:
Pennsylvania ? -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Objects 04857500, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw339ec25a4-2bd5-43b9-985b-9e9232396d9e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9253

Playing Card, Set, Paper?:Paint:19th Century

Names:
University of Pennsylvania  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Photographic print (007 in x 009 in mounted on 008 in x 013 in)
Culture:
Thai  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographic prints
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04857600
Local Note:
Black and white photoprint on cardboard mount
Place:
Pennsylvania ? -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Objects 04857600, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw330ec6f4a-910a-4f72-a360-98d8d46517a6
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9254

Playing Card, Set, Paper?:Paint:19th Century

Names:
University of Pennsylvania  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (cyanotype print, 008 in x 010 in)
Culture:
Thai  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04857700
Local Note:
Black and white cyanotype print
Place:
Pennsylvania ? -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Objects 04857700, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d2023c5c-7456-42ef-bc72-27bd9689bc6d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9255

Playing Card, Set, Paper?:Paint:19th Century

Names:
University of Pennsylvania  Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology. Division of Ethnology  Search this
Extent:
1 Item (cyanotype print, 008 in x 010 in)
Culture:
Thai  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Photographs
Date:
undated
Local Numbers:
NAA INV.04857800
Local Note:
Black and white cyanotype print
Place:
Pennsylvania ? -- Philadelphia ?
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 97 DOE Asia: Thailand: General: Objects 04857800, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1
Division of Ethnology photograph collection 1 / Asia / Thailand / Gen
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw315bd2f04-a25c-45c3-b0dc-2637f8592a58
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-photolot-97-ref9256

Antonio Zeno Shindler drawings of Japanese textile workers and archaeological specimens

Creator:
Shindler, A. Zeno (Antonio Zeno), 1823-1899  Search this
Extent:
45 Drawings (visual works) (colored pencil, charcoal, watercolor)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Works of art
Drawings
Watercolors
Place:
Japan
East Asia
North America
Date:
1877-1880
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists of forty-five (45) drawings by Antonio Zeno Shindler.

Two (2) of the drawings depict Japanese textile workers and are signed with the Shindler monogram.

Forty-three (43) of the drawings depict archaeological specimens, mostly from mound sites in Tennessee, Iowa, Indiana, Georgia, and Ohio. An annotation on the one of the of drawings reads: "Drawings of objects in the Museum by A. Zeno Shindler, probably in the 1870's or earlier. (Signed) W. H. Holmes." Most of the specimens depcicted were in the United States National Museum (USNM) collections. However, the numbers given do not always correspond to USNM catalog numbers and some drawings have no numbers. Two of the drawings depict specimens in the National Museum of Brazil. The drawings are dated and signed with the Shindler monogram and have been annotated by Shindler with the locality and collector of specimen and the scale of the drawing.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Antonio Zeno Shindler (1823-1899) was a photographer and artist for the Smithsonian Institution and a benefactor of William Blackmore. He was probably born Antonio (or Antonion) Zeno in Bulgaria or Romania. He adopted the name Shindler from a patron in Geneva, Switzerland, with whom he moved to and lived with in Paris, where he studied art. While it is uncertain exactly when Shindler first arrived in the United States, he is listed in an 1852 directory for Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as working as a drawing instructor. From then until 1863, he exhibited his artwork in the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. In 1867, Shindler moved with his family and his brother-in-law's family to Washington, DC. In Washington, Shindler took propriotorship of the Addis Photographic Gallery, where he worked under the name Shindler and Company with his brother-in-law. Shindler was commissioned by English philanthropist William Henry Blackmore and the Smithsonian to make copies of Blackmore's collection of photographs, create a catalog for their exhibition, and photograph delegations of Native Americans visiting Washington. The Blackmore project was completed circa 1872 and Shindler continued to work for the Smithsonian as an artist until his death in July 1899.
Related Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives holds photographs made by Shindler in Photo Lot 31 (Antonio Zeno Shindler photographs of Native Americans and agents) and other photograph collections.

The Smithsonian Institution Archives holds the A. Zeno (Antonio Zeno) Shindler Watercolors (Record Unit 7371).
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Archaeology  Search this
Mounds  Search this
Silk industry  Search this
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Drawings
Watercolors
Citation:
Antonio Zeno Shindler drawings of Japanese textile workers and archaeological specimens (MS 87829), National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.MS87829
See more items in:
Antonio Zeno Shindler drawings of Japanese textile workers and archaeological specimens
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b82ba717-5dd8-4229-9c8a-466a93b914a6
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-ms87829
Online Media:

H-3269A, Robert Bennett's Frisco Orchestra, Philadelphia, Reading, Pennsylvania?

Collection Photographer:
Schiedt, Duncan P., 1921-2014  Search this
Container:
Box 65
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Reproduction restricted due to copyright or trademark. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Duncan Schiedt Jazz Collection, 1900-2012, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection / Series 2: Photographic Materials / 2.1: Historical Photographs and Negatives
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep88670609d-5650-4496-b151-2cb0336ac20e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1323-ref4628

H-3269B, Robert Bennett's Frisco Orchestra, Philadelphia, Reading, Pennsylvania?

Collection Photographer:
Schiedt, Duncan P., 1921-2014  Search this
Container:
Box 65
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Reproduction restricted due to copyright or trademark. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Duncan Schiedt Jazz Collection, 1900-2012, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection / Series 2: Photographic Materials / 2.1: Historical Photographs and Negatives
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89762c486-b124-437c-9a77-30af9f54e0f3
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1323-ref4629

H-3272, Harold Oaley and his Entertainers, Philadelphia, Reading, Pennsylvania?

Collection Photographer:
Schiedt, Duncan P., 1921-2014  Search this
Container:
Box 65
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Reproduction restricted due to copyright or trademark. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Duncan Schiedt Jazz Collection, 1900-2012, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection / Series 2: Photographic Materials / 2.1: Historical Photographs and Negatives
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81c8ff269-c6ad-4182-b39e-5a02a1584afb
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1323-ref4632

H-3274, Clem Williams Orchestra, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Collection Photographer:
Schiedt, Duncan P., 1921-2014  Search this
Container:
Box 65
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
circa early 1940s
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Reproduction restricted due to copyright or trademark. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Duncan Schiedt Jazz Collection, 1900-2012, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection
Duncan P. Schiedt Photograph Collection / Series 2: Photographic Materials / 2.1: Historical Photographs and Negatives
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep854fd0d05-4ae5-49c1-9196-a25abc863bb4
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1323-ref4634

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