Search Results

Creator:

Browne, Byron, 1907-1961  Search this

Browne, Byron, 1907-1961  Search this

Subject:

Michener, James A. (James Albert)  Search this

Rattner, Abraham  Search this

Solman, Joseph  Search this

Von Wicht, John  Search this

Gwathmey, Robert  Search this

Kuniyoshi, Yasuo  Search this

Lowenthal, Edith  Search this

Topic:

Sculpture, Modern -- 20th century -- History -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Painting, Abstract -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Sculptors -- New York (State) -- New York -- Interviews  Search this

Theme:

Lives of American Artists  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)6845

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)208972

AAA_collcode_browbyro

Theme:

Lives of American Artists

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_208972

Creator:

Heil, Walter, 1890-1973  Search this

M.H. De Young Memorial Museum  Search this

Heil, Walter, 1890-1973  Search this

Place:

United States -- Social conditions -- California -- San Francisco

Topic:

New Deal, 1933-1939 -- California  Search this

Federal aid to the arts -- California -- San Francisco  Search this

Theme:

Government Sponsorship of the Arts  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)7706

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)209870

AAA_collcode_heilwalt

Theme:

Government Sponsorship of the Arts

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_209870

Creator:

Jacques Seligmann & Co.  Search this

Jacques Seligmann & Co.  Search this

Subject:

Hauke, Cesar M. de (Cesar Mange)  Search this

Glaenzer, Eugene  Search this

Haardt, Georges  Search this

Seligman, Germain  Search this

Seligmann, Arnold  Search this

Parker, Theresa D.  Search this

Waegen, Rolf Hans  Search this

Trevor, Clyfford  Search this

Seligmann, René  Search this

Seligmann, Jacques  Search this

De Hauke & Co., Inc.  Search this

Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this

Eugene Glaenzer & Co.  Search this

Germain Seligmann & Co.  Search this

Gersel  Search this

Type:

Gallery records

Topic:

Mackay, Clarence Hungerford, 1874-1938 -- Art collections  Search this

Schiff, Mortimer L. -- Art collections  Search this

Arenberg, duc d' -- Art collections  Search this

Liechtenstein, House of -- Art collections  Search this

Art -- Collectors and collecting -- France -- Paris  Search this

Art -- Collectors and collecting  Search this

World War, 1939-1945 -- Art and the war  Search this

La Fresnaye, Roger de, 1885-1925  Search this

Art, Renaissance  Search this

Decorative arts  Search this

Art treasures in war  Search this

Art, European  Search this

Theme:

The Art Market  Search this

Art Gallery Records  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)9936

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)212486

AAA_collcode_jacqself

Theme:

The Art Market

Art Gallery Records

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_212486

Collection Creator:

Archipenko, Alexander, 1887-1964  Search this

Container:

Box 10, Folder 24

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1964-1965

Collection Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. research facility. Use of archival audiovisual recordings with no duplicate access copy requires advance notice. Lantern slides and glass plate negatives are housed separately and closed to researchers.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Alexander Archipenko papers, 1904-1986, bulk 1930-1964. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.

See more items in:

Alexander Archipenko papers

Alexander Archipenko papers / Series 6: Financial Records / 6.3: Miscellaneous Financial Records

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-archalex-ref185

Collection Creator:

United Telegraph Workers.  Search this

Western Union Telegraph Company  Search this

Container:

Box 561, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1901 December 1-1901-1903 November

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but Series 11 and films are stored off-site. Special arrangements must be made to view some of the audiovisual materials. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Western Union Telegraph Company Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:

Western Union Telegraph Company Records

Western Union Telegraph Company Records / Series 17: Superintendent of Supplies Records

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0205-ref8579

Creator::

Laybourne, Roxie C., 1910-2003 interviewee  Search this

Extent:

17 audiotapes (Reference copies).

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Audiotapes

Transcripts

Date:

2001

Introduction:

The Smithsonian Institution Archives began its Oral History Program in 1973. The purpose of the program is to supplement the written documentation of the Archives' record and manuscript collections with an Oral History Collection, focusing on the history of the Institution, research by its scholars, and contributions of its staff. Program staff conduct interviews with current and retired Smithsonian staff and others who have made significant contributions to the Institution. There are also interviews conducted by researchers or students on topics related to the history of the Smithsonian or the holdings of the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Laybourne was interviewed for the Oral History Collection to document her career as a Smithsonian scientist, especially her role in creating the field of forensic ornithology and training generations of naturalists.

Descriptive Entry:

These interviews of Laybourne, conducted in 2001 by Pamela M. Henson of Smithsonian Institution Archives and Marcia Heacker-Skeans of the National Museum of Natural History, cover her education, career, and contributions to the field of forensic ornithology. The interviews also include reminiscences of colleagues including John Warren Aldrich and Alexander Wetmore. The collection consists of 14.5 hours of audio recordings and 185 pages of transcript.

Historical Note:

Roxie Collie Simpson Laybourne (1910-2003), ornithologist, received her B.A. from Meredith College in 1932, and her M.S. in plant ecology from the George Washington University in 1951. She began her museum career as a volunteer at the North Carolina State Museum in Raleigh, North Carolina, in 1932, where she learned taxidermy and exhibit techniques. In 1944, Laybourne was appointed a museum aide in the Division of Birds at the United States National Museum. In 1946, she transferred to a permanent position on the payroll of the Bird and Mammal Laboratories, Fish and Wildlife Service, United States Department of Interior, while continuing to prepare specimens in the Division of Birds at the National Museum. She retired as a Zoologist from the Fish and Wildlife Service in 1974, but continued her career as a Research Associate of the National Museum of Natural History. In the 1960s, Laybourne created the field of forensic ornithology, studying minute fragments of bird feathers in order to identify which birds were ingested into aircraft engines, often causing crashes. The field expanded to cover endangered species and criminal investigations. Laybourne developed analytical techniques that used the barbules and nodes supporting the wings to identify bird fragments.

Rights:

Restricted. Contact SIHistory@si.edu to request permission.

Topic:

Forensic sciences  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Ornithology  Search this

Forensic sciences  Search this

Taxidermy  Search this

Museums -- Employees  Search this

Forensic ornithology  Search this

Henson, Pamela M. interviewer  Search this

Women -- History  Search this

Museums and women  Search this

Oral history  Search this

Interviews  Search this

Genre/Form:

Audiotapes

Transcripts

Citation:

Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 9610, Roxie C. Laybourne Oral History Interviews

Identifier:

Record Unit 9610

See more items in:

Roxie C. Laybourne Oral History Interviews

Archival Repository:

Smithsonian Institution Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-sia-faru9610

Source:

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

Work and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Creator:

Lehigh Valley Railroad Company  Search this

Former owner:

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

Work and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Extent:

3.25 Cubic feet (7 boxes, 1 map-folder)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Correspondence

Payrolls

Blueprints

Reports

Date:

1882-1936

Summary:

Papers and photographs documenting the Lehigh Valley Railroad.

Scope and Contents note:

The collection consists of papers and photographs relating to the infrastructure of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, including correspondence, blueprints, inspection reports, plat and profile books, and photographs of tracks and bridges.

Biographical/Historical note:

Originally known as the Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill and Susquehanna Railroad, the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) competed for the lucrative anthracite coal transport trade in northeastern Pennsylvania. It dominated the industry in eastern Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey, becoming known as the "Route of the Black Diamond." The Delaware, Lehigh, Schuylkill and Susquehanna Railroad was first suggested by prominent members of Lehigh and Northampton Counties, and the bill was carried through the legislature by Dr. Jesse Samuel, then a representative from Lehigh County. In August 1847, the necessary certificate to the Governor was signed for the purpose of obtaining a charter of incorporation. The name of the company was changed to Lehigh Valley Railroad Company by an act of assembly on January 7, 1853. Although the railroad did carry passengers, it depended mainly on the transportation of coal as its source of profit. The demise of the coal industry and the rise of auto and air transportation in the 1950s led to its financial ruin and a takeover by the Pennsylvania Railroad in 1960. The records were acquired over the course of several years from the main offices of the LVRR.

Source

Historical note courtesy the Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) Company Records Collection MG-274, Pennsylvania State Archives

Related Archival Materials:

Materials at the Archives Center

Coxe Brothers Collection (NMAH.AC.1002)

Girard Estate Records (NMAH.AC.1011)

Lehigh Valley Coal Company Records (NMAH.AC.1106)

Materials at Other Organizations

Lehigh Valley Railroad (LVRR) Company Records Collection MG-274, 1849-1962, undated

The bulk of the records are 703 volumes of minutes, reports, journals, ledgers, cash books, company history, records of lands owned by the LVRR, and other records pertaining to everyday operations. Major series include: Minutes of the Board of Directors, 1850-1962 (which, among other things, contain information on accidents); Annual Reports, 1852-1975; Trustee Files, [ca. 1900-1982]; Cash Books, 1855-1952; Ledger, 1853-1955; and Real Estate Department Records, 1878-1951. (For records documenting personnel see Robert Dructor's publication: Guide to Genealogical Sources at the Pennsylvania State Archives, 2nd ed.) Records of Subsidiary Companies, consisting of 1,421 volumes, are organized by transportation companies, 1851-1950, and non-transportation, 1844-1947, then arranged alphabetically by company name. For each company there are minutes and/or financial accounts. Also included are three cubic feet (over five-hundred items) of photographic negatives taken by staff photographers. Subjects include construction of the Claremont Terminal, Jersey City, New Jersey, 1917-1923; ruins of the Morris Canal near Washington, New Jersey; the 1902 Lehigh River flood near Easton; and construction of an unidentified engine and freight-house, probably in Buffalo, 1915.

Provenance:

Original provenance unknown.

Restrictions:

Collection open for research on site by appointment. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Railroad bridges  Search this

Railroads -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Railroads -- Maintenance and repair  Search this

Railroads -- Buildings and structures  Search this

Railroad tracks  Search this

Railroad companies -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs -- 1920-1940

Correspondence

Payrolls

Blueprints

Reports

Citation:

Lehigh Valley Railroad Records, 1882-1936, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1046

See more items in:

Lehigh Valley Railroad Records

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1046

Creator:

Hammond Coal Company.  Search this

Source:

Work and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

Former owner:

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

Work and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Extent:

3 Cubic feet (12 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Ledgers (account books)

Financial records

Reports

Accident reports

Contracts

Correspondence

Inventories

Place:

Pennsylvania

Date:

1937-1954.

Scope and Contents note:

The collection documents the business activities of the Hammond Coal Company. It includes correspondence, "bootleg" registrations, reports on mine inspections, equipment inventories, grievances, financial records, production reports, contracts, employee information, accident and injury reports, and payroll ledgers. Also included are papers relating to labor union relations.

Arrangement:

1 series.

Biographical/Historical note:

Coal mining company in Girardville, Pennsylvania.

Provenance:

Immediate source of acquisition unknown.

Restrictions:

Unrestricted research access on site by appointment.,Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Labor  Search this

Labor unions  Search this

Mines  Search this

Anthracite coal  Search this

Mining  Search this

Mining equipment  Search this

Coal mines and mining -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Genre/Form:

Ledgers (account books)

Financial records -- 20th century

Reports

Accident reports

Contracts

Correspondence -- 1930-1960

Contracts -- union

Inventories

Citation:

Hammond Coal Company Records, 1937-1954, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1003

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1003

Collection Source:

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

History of Technology, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Collection Creator:

Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated  Search this

Lockwood-Greene Company  Search this

Whitman, David  Search this

Greene, Stephen  Search this

Lockwood, Amos  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1891-2004

undated

Scope and Contents:

Subseries 4.2: Corporate Files, 1891-2004, undated. This subseries is arranged chronologically. It contains a variety of corporate files and material including stock certificates, cash and stock ledgers, journals, payroll books, corporate tax documents, accounts ledgers, organizational files, profit and loss statements, and general office files. This series also includes collected news articles about the company and its services, advertising tear sheets from periodicals and other publications.

Collection Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use. One film is tored at an off-site facility and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Reproduction permission from Archives Center: fees for commercial use. All duplication requests must be reviewed and approved by Archives Center staff.

Collection Citation:

Lockwood Greene Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Preservation of this collection was made possible in part by a generous gift from CH2M HILL.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1113, Subseries 4.2

See more items in:

Lockwood-Greene Records

Lockwood-Greene Records / Series 4: Corporate Records and History

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1113-ref9033

Collection Source:

Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Division of (NMAH, SI)  Search this

History of Technology, Division of, NMAH, SI  Search this

Collection Creator:

Lockwood Greene Engineers, Incorporated  Search this

Lockwood-Greene Company  Search this

Whitman, David  Search this

Greene, Stephen  Search this

Lockwood, Amos  Search this

Container:

Box 49

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1927-1928

Collection Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use. One film is tored at an off-site facility and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Reproduction permission from Archives Center: fees for commercial use. All duplication requests must be reviewed and approved by Archives Center staff.

Collection Citation:

Lockwood Greene Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Preservation of this collection was made possible in part by a generous gift from CH2M HILL.

See more items in:

Lockwood-Greene Records

Lockwood-Greene Records / Series 4: Corporate Records and History / 4.2: Corporate Files

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1113-ref9090

Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Former owner:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Names:

Frick, George, 1826-1892  Search this

Extent:

26 Cubic feet (49 boxes, 4 oversize folders)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Payrolls

Photographs

Purchasing records

Scrapbooks

Commercial correspondence

Clippings

Account books

Date:

1852-1961

bulk 1860-1920

Summary:

This collection documents, in correspondence, publications, forms, paperwork, drawings, newspaper clippings, diplomas and photographs, the operations and products of the Frick Company of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, manufacturers of steam-powered engines (portable, stationary, and traction), sawmills, threshing machines, grain separators and other mechanized agricultural harvesting implements, refrigeration, mechanical cooling systems, and ice making plants, from its founding in 1852 through 1961.

Scope and Contents:

This collection documents the founding and business operations of the Frick Company* of Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, manufacturers of portable, stationary, and traction engines, threshing machines, sawmills, and refrigeration and ice making machinery. The collection covers the period from 1852 to 1961, with the bulk of the material dating from 1860-1873 and from 1880 through the 1920s and illuminates the evolution of mechanized agriculture and refrigeration technology from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.

The largest portion of the collection contains photographs of Frick engines and refrigeration machinery, taken both in the foundry and in various installations worldwide, as well as original drawings of Frick machines, parts, and components used to illustrate catalogs and trade publications. Another large portion of the collection is correspondence, containing communication from clients ordering Frick products for their farms or businesses, as well as receipts and correspondence from local and regional suppliers of raw materials and components for the construction of Frick products.

The collection also contains numerous examples of operational paperwork from the 1880s-1890s, such as letterheads, order forms, contracts, test logs, and timesheets, as well as a significant amount of trade literature largely from 1880-1920, such as price lists, catalogs, product pamphlets, and advertising material.

There are several published company histories, technical drawings/blueprints of Frick products, diplomas awarded to Frick machinery presented at expositions and fairs (including the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, 1893), full-color posters advertising Frick & Co., agent supplies (including telegraph cipher code books), accounting paperwork, payroll records, communications with shareholders, and significant documentation of the highly publicized labor dispute/strike at Frick in 1946.

This collection would be of interest to researchers in the areas of: agricultural machination and invention in the nineteeth century, steam and horse-powered engines, the development of refrigerating and ice making equipment in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, business operations and financial transactions in the nineteenth century, Pennsylvania history and companies, industrial photography, and nineteenth and twentieth centuries industrial trade literature.

*The name of the company was modified several times over the history of its operation, variations including George Frick, Frick & Bowman, Frick & Co., and Frick Company, depending on the time period in question. Efforts have been made to align the description of the materials throughout the collection with the correct company name at the time of their creation.

Arrangement:

This collection is divided into six series:

Series 1: Publications, 1852, 1874-1875; 1880-1932; 1942-1943; 1953; 1961

Subseries 1.1 Company History, 1928; 1953

Suseries 1.2 Trade Literature, 1874-1875; 1880-1926; 1930; 1932; 1943; 1952-1953; 1960-1961

Subseries 1.3 Advertising Material, 1852; 1880-1899; 1905; 1909-1929; 1942

Series 2: Correspondence, Receipts, and Ledger Books, 1852-1873; 1890-1902; 1914; 1924-1925

Subseries 2.1 Receipts and Business Correspondence: by company, 1855-1873

Subseries 2.2 Receipts and Business Correspondence: miscellaneous, 1852-1873; 1890; 1895

Subseries 2.3 Ledger Books, 1872; 1896-1898; 1892-1894; 1900-1902

Subseries 2.4 Other Correspondence, 1861-1873; 1898-1901; 1914; 1917; 1924-1925

Series 3: Company Management, 1856-1873; circa 1880s-1890s; 1917; 1927-1929; 1945-1946

Subseries 3.1 Accounting, 1856-1897

Subseries 3.2 Sales, circa 1880s; 1917; 1927

Subseries 3.3 Communications, 1860-1917

Subseries 3.4 Public Relations, 1928-1929; 1945-1946

Series 4: Foundry Operations, 1859-1872; 1877-1879; circa 1880s-1890s; 1900-1903; 1911; 1921; 1929

Subseries 4.1 Orders, 1859-1872; circa 1880s-1890s;1900-1902

Subseries 4.2 Drawings/Blueprints, 1871-1911; 1921; 1929

Subseries 4.3 Shipping and Receiving, 1860-1873; circa 1880s-1890s

Subseries 4.4 Timesheets and Testing, 1860; 1868; 1877-1879; circa 1880s-1890s; 1903

Series 5: Photographs and Artistic Renderings, circa 1880-1950

Subseries 5.1 Frick Buildings, Offices, and Operations, circa 1880-1910

Subseries 5.2 Portable, Stationary, and Traction Engines, 1889; 1893-1896; 1906-1908; 1912-1915; 1925

Subseries 5.3 Other Machinery, circa 1890s

Subseries 5.4 Ice Making and Refrigeration Machinery: Vertical Compressors, 1883-1906; circa 1920s

Subseries 5.5 Ice Making and Refrigeration Machinery: Horizontal Compressors, circa 1910-1920

Subseries 5.6 Ice Making and Refrigeration Machinery: CO2 Compressors and Later Models, circa 1920-1950; 1940-1941

Subseries 5.7 Ice Making and Refrigeration Machinery: Ice Plants, 1889; 1904; 1920-1927

Subseries 5.8 Ice Making and Refrigeration Machinery: Cold Storage Units, 1889; 1925; 1933; undated

Subseries 5.9 Installations: Ice Plants, 1892-1896; 1900-1933; 1945

Subseries 5.10 Installations: Refrigeration and Cold Storage Units, circa 1890-1905; circa 1915-1920

Series 6: Trade Shows and Exhibitions, 1877-1885; 1893; 1895; 1904; 1926

Subseries 6.1 Awards, Certificates, and Diplomas, 1877-1884; 1893; 1895; 1904

Subseries 6.2 Promotional Material, 1884-1885; 1926

Biographical / Historical:

Founded in 1852 by engineer and inventor George Frick (1826-1892), Frick Company has been an innovative machinery design leader in many areas of the agricultural and refrigeration industries over the last 160 years. Frick began building steam engines and threshing machines in a small shop in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania.

Frick quickly gained a reputation for quality in the growing field of mechanized agriculture. His designs for early portable engines--transported and driven by horsepower--soon evolved into self-propelling, steam-powered vehicles that could be driven into the fields and then used to run the grain separating, cleaning and bagging machines that were revolutionizing the farming industry, increasing production at exponential rates.

In addition, Frick's stationary engines were put to use in mills of all kinds (grist, flour, paper, and woolen) to augment or replace their dependence on unreliable natural water power, including sawmills, of which Frick was soon building a line of portable, steam-driven versions. Between the mid-1850s and the early 1870s, the company continued to expand, outgrowing three different shops before building the final location of the works in Waynesboro. George Frick himself was continuously active in the company through the end of the nineteenth century as a mechanical engineer and product designer, as well as a frequent consultant, traveling to confer with clients on specifications for their orders.

Beginning in 1872, George Frick's business and personal life took a downturn with the deaths in quick succession of both his oldest son Frank and his new business partner C.F. Bowman, as a result of a typhoid fever epidemic that swept through the area. Additionally, the financial Panic of 1873 nearly closed Frick's company along with thousands of other American businesses that year, but thirteen local businessmen formed a partnership, putting forth the necessary capital to keep the manufacturing plant afloat. George Frick sold his controlling interest to the partnership, but remained as general manager of the company.

After this brief period of struggle, Frick and Company began again to expand its product line as well as its reputation. The new works in Waynesboro were modern and efficient, enough to warrant a feature article in Scientific American in 1881. The following year, the company built its first refrigeration machine, and a whole new direction of production opened up. Automatic and traction engines were still in demand, being constantly improved and updated, but refrigeration was the new frontier. Frick rose to become one of the leaders in development of high quality, durable, and functional refrigeration machinery. George's son A.O. Frick, now an engineer with the company, partnered with Edgar Penney, another design engineer, to develop the Corliss engine line, which would run the large ammonia compressors, creating what was called a refrigeration machine. They were intially used to power ice plants, which were being built all over the world after the mild winter of 1890 tipped the natural ice industry into decline. They also used cold storage/mechanical cooling units, of which breweries and meat packing plants were the earliest adopters, followed by cold food stores, florist shops, and fur storage, as well as the dairy and shipping industries. The Armour Packing Plant in Kansas City, Missouri was the proud owner of "The Largest Ice Machine in the World," built by Frick and shipped by train via specially-reinforced rails in 1896. At the turn of the twentieth century, hotels, restaurants, hospitals and industrial plants soon began to rely on refrigeration units for daily operations, and Frick's business was booming.

As gas-powered engine technology began taking over in the first decades of the twentieth century, Frick moved away from steam engines and focused on more specialized farm equipment such as dehydrators, peanut pickers, combines, balers and silo fillers. Their line of sawmills was also still in high demand. But increasingly, Frick was focused on steadily refining and improving its refrigeration equipment. Ammonia, while highly efficient as a coolant, had its dangerous downsides: it could be fatal if leaked, and could contaminate plant ice easily. Although many of Frick's ammonia compression refrigeration machines were still in use forty or more years after installation and were still preferred for industrial use, the technology needed to improve in order to be viable for the general public. Several publicized accidents led eventually to the preferred use of chloroflorocarbons as a coolant, and Frick developed enclosed-type CO2 compressors and eventually freon units. Other Frick refrigeration products included machinery for making dry ice, air conditioning units, and temperature controls for test plants, as well as marine refrigeration (developed during the First World War) for shipping food between continents. Frick did contract work for the US military during and following World War II, and was a major company involved in the development of quick-freezing systems to support the growing frozen food industry starting in the late 1940s.

Frick Company positioned itself as a permanent leader in the food production and distribution industry by the 1950s. The company is still in operation today, though it has been purchased several times, most recently by Johnson Controls, which maintains a product line bearing the name Frick.

Related Materials:

The Archives Center holds several collections that may be of interest to researchers in relation to the Frick Company Collection.

For related material on Corliss engines, see the following collections:

Chuse Engine and Manufacturing Company Records (AC 1088)

Corliss Steam Engine Album (AC 1016)

Corliss Steam Engine Reference Collection (AC 1329)

Nagle Engine and Boiler Works Records (AC 1083)

Providence Engineering Works Records (AC 1076)

Skinner Engine Company Records (AC 1087)

Robert Weatherill Company Records (AC 0992)

For related material on threshing machines and agricultural machinery, see the following collections:

John K. Parlett Collection (AC 3066)

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana (AC 0060)

For related material on refrigeration machinery, see the following collections:

Madison Cooper Papers (AC 1105)

Nickerson and Collins Photography (AC 1044)

Southwork Foundry and Machine Company Records (AC 1107)

Separated Materials:

The Division of Work and Industry holds artifacts related to this collection. See acquisition numbers AG79A09.1, MC 319243.12 and .13, and 58A9.

Provenance:

Collection donated by the Frick Company, through Terry Mitchell in 1961.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Harvesting machinery  Search this

Refrigeration and refrigerating machinery -- 1860-1960  Search this

Steam-engines  Search this

Engineers  Search this

Genre/Form:

Payrolls

Photographs -- 20th century

Purchasing records

Scrapbooks -- 1840-1990

Commercial correspondence

Clippings

Account books

Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0293

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0293

Collection Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1929

1921

1911

1900-1903

1880s-1890s

1859-1872

1877-1879

Scope and Contents:

This series contains material related to the operations of the foundry and production of Frick and Company at Waynesboro.

Subseries 4.1 Orders includes many sample order forms, mortgage paperwork and contracts for engines, threshers, sawmills, refrigeration machines, cold storage units, ice plants and their component parts, as well as numerous examples of completed contracts specifically for the Geiser-patented grain separator, cleaner and bagger from 1861-1868. There are state-specific chattel mortgage forms and notes, detailing contract loan language in line with the financial restrictions of each state's bank. Other paperwork in subseries one includes handwritten contract agreements from the 1850s-1870s, tickets and tags for in stock identification, packers' memoranda, and general operating directions for various Frick machines that would have been included with delivery.

Subseries 4.2 Drawings/Blueprints contains technical drawings (several signed by A.O. Frick), scalable according to order, as well as cutaways and schematics of complete machines and component parts. Also included are the technical plans for the ice plant built in Tobata, Japan in 1929.

Subseries 4.3 Shipping and Receiving focuses on the shipping of Frick products, most of the material consisting of load receipts from the horse-drawn wagons that delivered Frick's products to the Cumberland Valley Railroad Company, freight receipts from the railroad, documenting weights and costs of shipping, and much correspondence from handlers at Greencastle Station, who directed the shipments to and from Frick. There is a small representation of sample paperwork for shipping functions as well.

Subseries 4.4 Timesheets and Testing documents processes inside the foundry, including timesheets and other paperwork (mostly blank forms) relating to the workmen, foremen and apprentices, test and repair logs for completed machinery, inspection reports, and materials lists for casting. Included is a list of salaries paid to executive staff in 1888, and a ledger of payroll records for the foundry workers from 1877-1879.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0293, Series 4

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0293-ref32

Collection Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Container:

Box 26, Folder 1

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1860

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Frick Company Records / Series 4: Foundry Operations / 4.4: Timesheets and Testing

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0293-ref351

Collection Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Container:

Box 26, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1880s-1890s

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Frick Company Records / Series 4: Foundry Operations / 4.4: Timesheets and Testing

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0293-ref352

Collection Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Container:

Box 35, Folder 20

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1880s

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Frick Company Records / Series 4: Foundry Operations / 4.4: Timesheets and Testing

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0293-ref530

Collection Source:

Engineering and Industry, Division of, NMAH, SI.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Frick Company, George (Waynesboro, Pa.)  Search this

Container:

Box 48, Item 2

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1877-1879

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Frick Company Collection, 1852-1961, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Frick Company Records

Frick Company Records / Series 4: Foundry Operations / 4.4: Timesheets and Testing

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0293-ref556

Creator:

National Philatelic Collection, Smithsonian Institution.  Search this

Blenkle, Victor A., Dr., 1900-1978 (physician)  Search this

Source:

Extractive Industries, Division of.  Search this

Former owner:

Extractive Industries, Division of.  Search this

Extent:

10 Cubic feet (29 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Postcards

Picture postcards

Photographs

Photographic postcards

Place:

Europe -- Postcards

Date:

circa 1880-circa 1970

Summary:

This collection consists of postcards gathered by Dr. Victor A. Blenkle, a twentieth century physician. The postcards primarily concern geographical locations and landmarks in the United States and Western Europe, but also include materials from six other continents.

Scope and Contents:

The Blenkle Collection consists of 29 boxes of postcards, principally about geographical locations, landmarks, monuments and other buildings of interest around the world. The bulk of the cards are about the United States and Western Europe, but countries in 6 continents are represented. The earliest cards included date from the late 1880s and the latest card date from the mid-1970s. The cards are arranged in alphabetical order by state name, name of country, and then specific locations.

Arrangement:

The collection is divided into four series:

Series 1 includes 16 boxes of cards about geographical locations within the United States. These cards are organized first by state in alphabetical order, secondly by city or place name (for example, Grand Canyon). Cities or locations with fewer than three postcards are arranged into general categories such as "Cities". Cards with no clear location are grouped by illustrated subject, such as "Winter Scenes."

Series 2 consists of 9 boxes of cards about places outside the United States. These cards are in alphabetical order by name Of country, and then by city, location or geographical name,also in alphabetical order. The names of countries are used as listed on the card. For example, most of the German cards appear to date from before the division into East and West Germany, consequently, the name is listed as Germany, with no regard for the location of a place between 1945 and 1990.

Series 3 consists of 4 boxes of cards organized by subject. These are the only cards without specific geographical locations.

Series 4 consists of 1 box of cards and letters written by Dr. Blenkle or what appear to be members of his family.

Divided into 3 series: (1) U.S.A., (2) Foreign (mostly Europe), (3) Subjects. Arranged geographically and alphabetically.

Biographical / Historical:

The Blenkle Collection of Postcards was collected by Dr. Victor A. Blenkle, who lived in New Jersey. Little was known about Dr. Blenkle until Ms. Lorraine Clemente, his great-niece, supplied biographical information in 2006. All relevant curators involved in this acquisition are now deceased. Through processing, some conclusions were reached based on evidence contained within the collection itself.

Victor A. Blenkle (born December 15, 1900; died April 15, 1978) was one of six children; his siblings were Ferdinand, Herbert, Albert, Helene, and Julius. His parents, Ferdinand and Bertha, probably emigrated to the United States from Germany in the 1890s (his father was born in 1871). Victor Blenkle practiced medicine in Teaneck, N.J., where he was affiliated with Holy Name Hospital; his wife's name was Elsie. Blenkle was active in medical organizations and was a founder of Family Practice of New Jersey. He served in both World Wars, attaining the rank of lieutenant colonel. Many of the postcards in this collection were from Blenkle's patients, as well as family members. (Ms. Lorraine Clemente, great-niece of Victor Blenkle, supplied biographical information in 2006.)

We do not know when Dr. Blenkle began collecting postcards, but cards sent to him or with what appears to be his handwriting begin in the 1920s. It seems as if Blenkle also either purchased or traded for collections that were originally owned by others. For example, within the overall Blenkle collection, there are three smaller groups of cards of earlier origin. Some of these include the earliest materials in the collection, dating from the late 1880s and 1890s. These three smaller groups include a group of cards sent to (and some sent by) a Reverend Leach in Noroton, Connecticut who was a Lutheran minister. He also apparently ran some kind of a Bible study by mail program and so received a number of cards from those interested in the Bible. Another group of cards sent to addresses in Elgin, Illinois and other related Midwestern locations by members of an extended family and some of their friends between about 1895 and 1910. A third set of cards includes smaller group of cards sent by a group of family and friends in Wisconsin, apparently centering on Milwaukee. All of these include messages written on front or back and postmarks.

Provenance:

Bequeathed to the Smithsonian Institution by Victor A. Blankle in 1977.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Monuments -- Postcards  Search this

Buildings -- Postcards  Search this

Tourism  Search this

Genre/Form:

Postcards

Picture postcards -- Photomechanical

Picture postcards

Photographs -- Photomechanical prints

Photographs -- 19th century

Photographic postcards

Citation:

Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection, c. 1880-c. 1970, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution,

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0200

See more items in:

Victor A. Blenkle Postcard Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0200

Collection Creator:

United Shoe Machinery Corporation  Search this

Container:

Box 270

Type:

Archival materials

Negatives

Date:

1920 June 11

Collection Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives. Special arrangements required to view materials in cold storage and audio visual materials. Using cold room materials requires a three hour waiting period, reference copies do not exist for audio visual materials. Arrangements must be made with the Archives Center staff two weeks prior to a scheduled research visit. Contact the Archives Center at 202-633-3270.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

United Shoe Machinery Corporation Records, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

United Shoe Machinery Corporation Records

United Shoe Machinery Corporation Records / Series 17: Photographs / 17.10: Glass Plate Negatives

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0277-ref5089

Collection Creator:

La Flesche, Francis, 1857-1932  Search this

Fletcher, Alice C. (Alice Cunningham), 1838-1923  Search this

Container:

Box 4A

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1889-1891

Collection Restrictions:

The Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers are open for research.

Access to the Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Manuscript 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

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MS 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers

MS 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers / Series 1: Alice Cunningham Fletcher papers / 1.3: Correspondence on specific subjects / Nez Perce allotment:

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms4558-ref73

Collection Creator:

La Flesche, Francis, 1857-1932  Search this

Fletcher, Alice C. (Alice Cunningham), 1838-1923  Search this

Container:

Box 5A

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1912

Collection Restrictions:

The Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers are open for research.

Access to the Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Manuscript 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

MS 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers

MS 4558 Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers / Series 1: Alice Cunningham Fletcher papers / 1.4: Correspondence between Fletcher and La Flesche

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms4558-ref84