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George Bird and Elizabeth Curtis Grinnell photograph collection

Creator:: Tuell, Julia E. Search this; Grinnell, George Bird, 1849-1938 Search this

Extent:: 119 Negatives (photographic) (119 glass plate negatives, black and white, 7 x 9 in.)

Culture:: Indians of North America Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Negatives (photographic); Glass plate negatives

Place:: Northern Cheyenne Tribe of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation, Montana; Rosebud County (Mont.); Cheyenne-Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma; Glacier National Park (Mont.); Lame Deer (Mont.); Washita County (Okla.)

Date:: 1902-1910

Summary:: The core of this photographic collection (1902-1904) was taken during Grinnell's visits among the Northern (Montana, Rosebud County and Rosebud River, Lame Deer) and Southern (Washita County, Oklahoma) Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne). The photographs document domestic and daily life on the reservation (especially activies involving women), religious ceremonies, camps and dwellings, and important officials. The attributions of the photographs in this collection are far from certain. While many of these images appear to have been taken by Grinnell himself, a substantial portion were also taken by his wife Elizabeth Curtis Grinnell (b. 1876) and their friend Julia E. Tuell. A very small subset of these images (3) also depicts mountains and vistas in Glacier National Park (Flathead County, Glacier County) Montana.

Arrangement note:: negatives: organized in 6 boxes; arranged numerically by image number

Biographical/Historical note:: George Bird Grinnell, naturalist, conservationist and Indian rights activist, was born into a prominent family in Brooklyn, New York. He attended Yale University, receiving his B.A. in 1870 and a Ph.D. in paleontology in 1880. While at Yale, Grinnell participated in a paleontological expedition to the central Plains, Wyoming and Utah. In 1874 he served as naturalist and paleontologist in Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer's Black Hills expedition and, in 1875, was a member of William Ludlow's expedition surveying the Yellowstone. In 1899 Grinnell was a naturalist on Edward H. Harriman Expedition to Alaska. Grinnell's lifelong interest in the west was well established long before he left Yale. In 1876, four years before he earned his Ph.D., Grinnell became the editor-in-chief and soon-to-be owner of Forest and Stream magazine. Under his leadership, it became the country's foremost natural history magazine. Grinnell was the magazine's editor from 1876 until 1911, and he used its pages to help promote the creation of national parks. Grinnell played a pivotal role in the creation of Glacier National Park in 1910.

Grinnell's interest in the west extended to its native inhabitants. He was deeply interested in Plains Indians and, year after year, spent his summers visiting different reservations. He had befriended Frank North and his Pawnee scouts, and accompanied them on buffalo and elk hunts. Grinnell witnessed the destruction of game animals, brought about by commercial hunters, and was cognizant of its impact on Plains Indians' way of life. Grinnell, a prolific writer, authored several books and many articles on Cheyenne, Blackfoot, and Pawnee Indians, the most well-know of which was the two volume work entitled "The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Way of Life," first published in 1923. Until his death, he remained a staunch supporter of Cheyenne rights.

Grinnell was a founding member of both the Audubon Society and Boone and Crockett Club (with Theodore Roosevelt). He chaired the Council on National Parks, Forests and Wildlife, and was president of the National Parks Association. He was a trustee of the New York Zoological Society. Grinnell was also a prominent member of many other associations, such as the American Association of the Advancement of Science and New York Academy of Science. Grinnell was 89 years old when he died in New York City.

Location of Other Archival Materials Note:: See manuscript items in the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation records at the NMAI Archive Center. See also the George Bird Grinnell photograph collection at the Braun Research Library, Southwest Museum, Autry National Center in Los Angeles.

Restrictions:: Researchers must contact the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection.

Rights:: Some items restricted: Cultural Sensitivity

Genre/Form:: Glass plate negatives

Identifier:: NMAI.AC.140

Archival Repository:: National Museum of the American Indian

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-140

William R. Pywell photographs from the Yellowstone Expedition

Photographer:: Pywell, Wm. R. (William Redish), 1843-1886 Search this

Depicted:: Bloody Knife, approximately 1840-1876 Search this; Custer, George Armstrong, 1839-1876 Search this

Extent:: 13 Photographic prints (silver gelatin contact prints); 10 Glass negatives (collodion stereo negatives)

Culture:: Hunkpapa Lakota (Hunkpapa Sioux) Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Photographic prints; Glass negatives; Photographs

Date:: 1873

Summary:: Photographs made by William R. Pywell documenting the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873. They comprise images of the expedition's camps, transportation, and members including George Armstrong Custer and Bloody Knife. The collection contains images of human remains.

Scope and Contents note:: Stereoscopic photographs made by William R. Pywell documenting the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873. They comprise images of the expedition's camps, transportation, and members including George Armstrong Custer and Bloody Knife.

Biographical/Historical note:: William Redish Pywell (1843-1886) received photographic training from Alexander Gardner and worked as a photographer in a Washington, D.C., studio owned by Matthew Brady during and after the Civil War. After opening his own studio in Washington, Pywell became official photographer for the Yellowstone Expedition in 1873.

Historical Note:: Comprised primarily of US Army cavalry and infantry, the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873 was organized to escort and protect the Northern Pacific Railroad Survey. Colonel David S. Stanley led the expedition, with Lieutenant Commander George Armstrong Custer second in command. The War Department also charged Stanley with exploring the region and reporting back on the natural features and resources. As such, a small scientific corps consisting of a paleontologist, geologist, mineralogist, zoologist, botanist, photographer (Pywell), and artist accompanied the expedition. The party set out to Yellowstone from Fort Rice in Dakota Territory in June of 1873, returning in September.

Location of Other Archival Materials:: The National Archives holds Pywell negatives transferred by the BAE circa 1948 (Record Group 106) and the E. Marshall Pywell Photographic Collection, circa 1874 - circa 1975. Additional records of the Yellowstone Expedition can be found in Record Group 391 and 393.

Restrictions:: The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

The collection contains images of human remains.

Rights:: Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:: Arikara Indians Search this; Covered wagons Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs

Citation:: Photo Lot 166, William R. Pywell photographs from the Yellowstone Expedition, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: NAA.PhotoLot.166

See more items in:: William R. Pywell photographs from the Yellowstone Expedition

Archival Repository:: National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-166

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William Henry Holmes artists' files

Creator:: Holmes, William Henry, 1846-1933 Search this

Names:: Smithsonian American Art Museum Search this; Washington Water Color Club (Washington, D.C.) Search this; Brooke, Richard Norris, 1847-1920 Search this; Closson, William Baxter Palmer, 1848-1926 Search this; Fraser, James Earle, 1876-1953 Search this; Johnston, Reuben Le Grand, 1850-1914 Search this; La Farge, John, 1835-1910 Search this; Melchers, Gari, 1860-1932 Search this; Messer, Edmund Clarence, 1842-1919 Search this; Moran, Thomas, 1837-1926 Search this; Moser, James Henry, 1854-1913 Search this; Nichols, Hobart, 1869-1962 Search this; Oakley, Violet, 1874-1961 Search this; Pennell, Joseph, 1857-1926 Search this; Ream, Vinnie, 1847-1914 Search this; Sharp, Joseph Henry, 1859-1953 Search this; Walcott, Mary Vaux, 1860-1940 Search this; Weller, Carl F., 1853-1920 Search this; Weyl, Max, 1837-1914 Search this; Wiles, Irving Ramsay, 1861-1948 Search this; Zolnay, George Julian, 1862 or 1863-1949 Search this

Extent:: 0.2 Linear feet

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Photographs; Sketches

Place:: Museum directors -- Washington (D.C.)

Date:: 1879-1955

Summary:: The artists' files of William Henry Holmes, curator and director of the Smithsonian's National Collection of Fine Arts (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum) in Washington, D.C., measure 0.2 linear feet and date from 1879 to 1955. The artists' files consist mostly of correspondence, but also include a few photographs, artwork in the form of sketches, and printed material. There is also one file relating to Holmes' affiliation with the Washington Water Color Club.

Scope and Contents:: The artists' files of William Henry Holmes, curator and director of the Smithsonian's National Collection of Fine Arts (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum) in Washington, D.C., measure 0.2 linear feet and date from 1879 to 1955. The artists' files consist mostly of correspondence, but also include a few photographs, artwork in the form of sketches, and printed material. There is also one file relating to Holmes' affiliation with the Washington Water Color Club.

Notable artists represented in the files include R.N. Brooke, William B. P. Closson, James Earle Fraser, Vinnie Ream Hoxie, Reuben Le Grand Johnston, John LaFarge, Gari Melchers, Thomas Moran, Henry Moser, Hobart Nichols, Violet Oakley, Joseph Pennell, Joseph Henry Sharp, Mary Vaux Walcott, Carl F. Weller, Max Weyl, Irving R. Wiles and George Julian Zolnay.

Arrangement:: This collection is arranged as 1 series.

Series 1: Artists' Files, 1879-1955 (0.2 linear feet; Box 1)

Biographical / Historical:: William Henry Holmes (1846-1933) was a curator, museum director, artist, scientific illustrator, archaeologist, geologist, and anthropologist. He served in various positions in the Smithsonian Institution, and finally as director of the Smithsonian's National Gallery of Art (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum) from 1920-1932.

Holmes was born in Harrison County, Ohio in 1846. In 1870, he graduated from McNeely Normal School in Ohio and, after a short time of teaching at that school, moved to Washington, D.C. in 1871 to study art under Theodore Kaufmann. Thanks to his artistic skills, he was soon hired by Smithsonian paleontologist Francis B. Meek to do scientific drawings. In 1872, Holmes joined the geological survey of Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, as an artist and topographer of the survey of Yellowstone National Park and surrounding area, and other regions in the west. In 1879, Holmes went to work for the newly founded U.S. Geological Survey. There he worked as a geologist and chief of scientific illustration. In addition to art and geology, his interests and expertise expanded into archaeology and anthropology.

Holmes worked as chief curator at the Field Columbian Museum (now the Field Museum of Natural History) in Chicago before returning to the Smithsonian in 1897, where he served as curator of anthropology and chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1910, he became chairman of the Division of Anthropology. In 1920, Holmes became director of the Smithsonian Institution's National Gallery of Art (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum), a position he held until 1932. William Henry Holmes died one year later.

Related Materials:: Collections about William Henry Holmes are also located at other Smithsonian Institution archival units, including the National Anthropological Archives and Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Provenance:: These files were transferred from the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American Art Library (now the Smithsonian American Art Museum) to the Archives of American Art in two installments in 1981 and 1992.

Restrictions:: Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:: Curators -- Washington (D.C.) Search this

Topic:: Art, American Search this; Artists -- United States Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs; Sketches

Citation:: William Henry Holmes artists' files, 1879-1955. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:: Funding for the digitization of this collection was provided by The Walton Family Foundation and Terra Foundation for American Art.

Identifier:: AAA.holmwill

See more items in:: William Henry Holmes artists' files

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-aaa-holmwill

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Copy of Frank A. Bowman portrait of Red Cloud and Othniel Charles Marsh

Creator:: Bowman, Frank A. Search this

Names:: Marsh, Othniel Charles, 1831-1899 Search this; Red Cloud, 1822-1909 Search this

Extent:: 1 Copy print

Culture:: Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this; Oglala Lakota (Oglala Sioux) Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Copy prints; Photographs

Date:: 1883

Scope and Contents note:: Copy of a studio portrait depicting Red Cloud presenting a headdress and pipe to Othniel Charles Marsh. The portrait was made at Frank A. Bowman's studio in New Haven, Connecticut, on January 22, 1883.

Biographical/Historical note:: Othniel Charles Marsh (1831-1899) was a well-known paleontologist who met Red Cloud (1822-1909) in 1874. While doing fieldwork for the Red Cloud Agency, Marsh assisted Red Cloud in encouraging Indian agent Dr. John J. Saville, a physician accused of graft, to resign from the agency. In 1883, Red Cloud visited Marsh at the Peabody Museum of Yale University, at which time they visited Frank Augustus Bowman (1847-1911), a commercial photographer in New Haven from about 1878-1900.

Local Call Number(s):: NAA Photo Lot R79-49

Reproduction Note:: Copy print made, probably by John Canfield Ewers, 1979.

Location of Other Archival Materials:: The Peabody Museum holds the headdress and pipe pictured, as well as other photographs made during the same event.; Additional photographs of Red Cloud can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4559, MS 4598, MS 4754, Photo Lot 87-2P, Photo Lot 90-1, Photo Lot 2001-14, and the BAE historical negatives.; Papers relating to Marsh can be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives in SIA RU000248, SIA RS00251, and SIA AH00049.

Restrictions:: The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:: This print was obtained for reference purposes only and cannot be reproduced for researchers.

Genre/Form:: Photographs

Citation:: Photo lot R79-49, Copy of Frank A. Bowman portrait of Red Cloud and Othniel Charles Marsh, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:: NAA.PhotoLot.R79-49

Archival Repository:: National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-r79-49

James A. Jensen photographs of Vladimir Kozak art and artifacts and Chief Joseph lithograph

Creator:: Jensen, James A., 1918- (collector and photographer) Search this

Names:: Joseph, (Nez Percé Chief), 1840-1904 Search this

Artist:: Kozák, Vladimir, 1897-1979 Search this

Extent:: 1 Lithograph; 1 Watercolor; 95 Color slides

Culture:: Indians of North America -- Plateau Search this; Yawalapiti Search this; Wauja (Waurá) Search this; Suya Indians Search this; Mehináku (Mehinacu) Search this; Indians of South America -- Brazil Search this; Xavánte (Shavante) Search this; Timbira Indians Search this; Niimíipuu (Nez Perce) Search this; Mebêngôkre (Kayapó/Cayapo) Search this; Kuikúro (Kuikuro) Search this; Apalakiri (Apalakire) Search this; Kamayurá (Camayura) Search this; Ka'apor Search this; Héta Indians Search this; Borôro (Bororo) Search this; Karajá (Caraja) Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Lithographs; Watercolor; Color slides; Watercolors; Photographs

Date:: circa 1965-1974

Scope and Contents note:: The bulk of the collection is comprised of images of paintings by Vladimir Kozak and his artifacts relating to Brazilian tribes, photographed by James A. Jensen at Kozak's home in Curitaba, Brazil, in September 1965. It also includes a watercolor image of body decoration at a ceremony held by the upper Xingu River tibes of Central Brazil. Additionally, there is one lithograph poster of a J. A. Jensen painting of Chief Joseph, dated 1974.

Biographical/Historical note:: James A. Jensen (1918-1998) was a paleontologist and Director of the Earth Sciences Museum at Brigham Young University (BYU). While at BYU, he conducted fieldwork in both North and South America, at which point he may have met Vladimir Kozak. He created pastel and acrylic artwork, particularly of flowers, landscapes, and Native Americans.

Artist Vladimir Kozak was trained in Czechoslovakia in mechanical engineering, sculpture, and painting. In 1923, he immigrated to Brazil. As Kozak's interest in the Indigenous tribes of Brazil grew, he increasingly focused on painting and sculpting, particularly during the 1940s and 1950s. He also became a still photographer, film maker, and collector of Indigenous artifacts.

Local Call Number(s):: NAA Photo Lot 79-1

Restrictions:: The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:: Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:: Body painting Search this

Genre/Form:: Lithographs; Watercolors; Photographs

Citation:: Photo lot 79-1, James A. Jensen photographs of Vladimir Kozak art and artifacts and Chief Joseph lithograph, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution