Search Results

Creator:

Brook, Alexander, 1898-1980  Search this

Subject:

Bacon, Peggy  Search this

Biddle, George  Search this

Brett, Catherine  Search this

Covarrubias, Miguel  Search this

Pollock, Jackson  Search this

Spencer, Niles  Search this

Knee, Gina  Search this

Bouché, Louis  Search this

Type:

Photographs

Watercolors

Sketches

Transcriptions

Scrapbooks

Sketchbooks

Interviews

Etchings

Illustrations

Citation:

Alexander Brook papers, 1900-1982. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Post-impressionism (Art)  Search this

Painting, Modern -- 20th century -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Theme:

Diaries  Search this

Lives of artists  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)6833

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)208960

AAA_collcode_brooalex

Theme:

Diaries

Lives of artists

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_208960

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2012-12-03T00:00:26.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_2P_rCxbEcVI

Artist:

Howard Chandler Christy, 10 Jan. 1872 - 3 Mar. 1952  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy, 10 Jan. 1872 - 3 Mar. 1952  Search this

Sitter:

Abraham Baldwin, 22 Nov 1754 - 4 Mar 1807  Search this

Richard Bassett, 2 Apr 1745 - 16 Aug 1815  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr., 1747 - 1812  Search this

John Blair Jr., 1732 - 1800  Search this

William Blount, 1749 - 1800  Search this

David Brearly, 1745 - 1790  Search this

Jacob Broom, 1752 - 1810  Search this

Pierce Butler, 1744 - 1822  Search this

Daniel Carroll, 1730 - 1796  Search this

George Clymer, 16 Mar 1739 - 25 Jan 1813  Search this

Jonathan Dayton, 1760 - 1824  Search this

John Dickinson, 8 Nov 1732 - 14 Feb 1808  Search this

William Few, 1748 - 1828  Search this

Thomas Fitzsimons, 1741 - 1811  Search this

Benjamin Franklin, 17 Jan 1706 - 17 Apr 1790  Search this

Nicholas Gilman, 1755 - 1814  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham, 1738 - 1796  Search this

Alexander Hamilton, 11 Jan 1757 - 11 Jul 1804  Search this

Jared Ingersoll, 1749 - 1822  Search this

William Jackson, 1759 - 1828  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, 1723 - 16 Nov 1790  Search this

William Samuel Johnson, 7 Oct 1727 - 14 Nov 1819  Search this

Rufus King, 24 Mar 1755 - 29 Apr 1827  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy, 10 Jan. 1872 - 3 Mar. 1952  Search this

John Langdon, 1741 - 1819  Search this

William Livingston, 1723 - 1790  Search this

James Madison, 16 Mar 1751 - 28 Jun 1836  Search this

James McHenry, 1753 - 1816  Search this

Thomas Mifflin, 1744 - 1800  Search this

Gouverneur Morris, 31 Jan 1752 - 6 Nov 1816  Search this

Robert Morris, 31 Jan 1734 - 8 May 1806  Search this

William Paterson, 1745 - 1806  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, 25 Feb 1746 - 25 Aug 1825  Search this

George Read, 18 Sep 1733 - 21 Sep 1798  Search this

John Rutledge, 1739 - 18 Jul 1800  Search this

Roger Sherman, c. 19 Apr 1721 - 23 Jul 1793  Search this

Richard Dobbs Spaight, 1758 - 1802  Search this

George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799  Search this

Hugh Williamson, 5 Dec 1735 - 22 May 1819  Search this

James Wilson, 14 Sep 1742 - 21 Aug 1798  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

600cm x 900cm (236 1/4" x 354 5/16"), Sight

Type:

Painting

Date:

1940

Topic:

William Jackson: Male  Search this

William Jackson: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

William Jackson: Politics and Government\Public official\Secretary  Search this

Thomas Mifflin: Male  Search this

Thomas Mifflin: Business and Finance\Businessperson  Search this

Thomas Mifflin: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Thomas Mifflin: Politics and Government\Governor\Pennsylvania  Search this

Jared Ingersoll: Male  Search this

Jared Ingersoll: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Jared Ingersoll: Politics and Government\US Attorney  Search this

Jared Ingersoll: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Jared Ingersoll: Politics and Government\State Attorney General\Pennsylvania  Search this

George Washington: Male  Search this

George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

George Washington: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman  Search this

George Washington: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

George Washington: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

George Washington: Science and Technology\Surveyor  Search this

George Washington: Congressional Gold Medal  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Male  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\Diplomat  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\US Congressman\South Carolina  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\Governor\South Carolina  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Politics and Government\State Senator\South Carolina  Search this

Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Military and Intelligence\Prisoner of War  Search this

James Madison: Male  Search this

James Madison: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Virginia  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this

James Madison: Literature\Writer\Essayist  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia  Search this

James Madison: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Robert Morris: Male  Search this

Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

Robert Morris: Business and Finance\Financier  Search this

Robert Morris: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant\Shipping  Search this

Robert Morris: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Robert Morris: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Livingston: Male  Search this

William Livingston: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

William Livingston: Politics and Government\Governor\New Jersey  Search this

William Livingston: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Livingston: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer\Gentleman  Search this

Rufus King: Male  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this

Rufus King: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Vice-Presidential Candidate  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Male  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Hampshire  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New Hampshire  Search this

Nicholas Gilman: Politics and Government\Public official\Treasurer  Search this

John Langdon: Male  Search this

John Langdon: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

John Langdon: Politics and Government\Governor\New Hampshire  Search this

John Langdon: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Hampshire  Search this

John Langdon: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

George Clymer: Male  Search this

George Clymer: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

George Clymer: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

George Clymer: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

George Clymer: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

George Clymer: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

George Clymer: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

John Rutledge: Male  Search this

John Rutledge: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

John Rutledge: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge\Justice\US Supreme Court Justice\Chief Justice of US  Search this

David Brearly: Male  Search this

David Brearly: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Jacob Broom: Male  Search this

Jacob Broom: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Real estate agent  Search this

Jacob Broom: Law and Law Enforcement\Justice of the Peace  Search this

Jacob Broom: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Jacob Broom: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maryland  Search this

Jacob Broom: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Shipping  Search this

Jacob Broom: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster  Search this

Thomas Fitzsimons: Male  Search this

John Blair Jr.: Male  Search this

John Blair Jr.: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge\Justice\US Supreme Court Justice  Search this

John Blair Jr.: Law and Law Enforcement\Jurist  Search this

John Blair Jr.: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Blount: Male  Search this

William Blount: Politics and Government\US Senator\Tennessee  Search this

William Blount: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Planter  Search this

William Blount: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Blount: Business and Finance\Land speculator  Search this

Abraham Baldwin: Male  Search this

Abraham Baldwin: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Georgia  Search this

Abraham Baldwin: Politics and Government\US Senator\Georgia  Search this

Abraham Baldwin: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Abraham Baldwin: Education and Scholarship\Founder\University  Search this

Richard Bassett: Male  Search this

Richard Bassett: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge  Search this

Richard Bassett: Politics and Government\Governor\Delaware  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Male  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Medicine and Health\Physician  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Politics and Government\Patriot  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Medicine and Health\Medical Scientist  Search this

Hugh Williamson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\North Carolina  Search this

Pierce Butler: Male  Search this

Pierce Butler: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Planter  Search this

Pierce Butler: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Pierce Butler: Politics and Government\US Senator\South Carolina  Search this

James McHenry: Male  Search this

James McHenry: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

James McHenry: Politics and Government\State Senator\Maryland  Search this

James McHenry: Medicine and Health\Physician\Army\Surgeon  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Male  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Literature\Writer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Science and Technology\Scientist  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Politics and Government\Diplomat  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Society and Social Change\Philanthropist  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Science and Technology\Inventor  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Crafts and Trades\Printer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster  Search this

William Few: Male  Search this

William Few: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

William Few: Military and Intelligence\Soldier\Revolution  Search this

William Few: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge  Search this

William Few: Society and Social Change\Philanthropist  Search this

William Few: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Few: Politics and Government\State Senator\Georgia  Search this

William Few: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Banking  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham: Male  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham: Business and Finance\Businessperson  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Nathaniel Gorham: Business and Finance\Land speculator  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Male  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Law and Law Enforcement\Jurist  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Gunning Bedford, Jr.: Politics and Government\State Attorney General\Delaware  Search this

Richard Dobbs Spaight: Male  Search this

Richard Dobbs Spaight: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Roger Sherman: Male  Search this

Roger Sherman: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Roger Sherman: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Roger Sherman: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

Roger Sherman: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Roger Sherman: Law and Law Enforcement\Justice of the Peace  Search this

Roger Sherman: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Roger Sherman: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Revolutionary  Search this

Roger Sherman: Crafts and Trades\Cobbler  Search this

Roger Sherman: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\New Haven, CT  Search this

John Dickinson: Male  Search this

John Dickinson: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

John Dickinson: Literature\Writer  Search this

John Dickinson: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

John Dickinson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

John Dickinson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

John Dickinson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Delaware  Search this

John Dickinson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Delaware  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Male  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Literature\Writer  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Male  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New Jersey  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Jersey  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Jonathan Dayton: Business and Finance\Land speculator  Search this

Gouverneur Morris: Male  Search this

Gouverneur Morris: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this

Gouverneur Morris: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Gouverneur Morris: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Gouverneur Morris: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy: Visual Arts\Artist  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy: Male  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy: Visual Arts\Artist\Painter  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy: Visual Arts\Artist\Illustrator  Search this

Howard Chandler Christy: Visual Arts\Artist\Painter\Muralist  Search this

Daniel Carroll: Male  Search this

Daniel Carroll: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Daniel Carroll: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Planter  Search this

Daniel Carroll: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Daniel Carroll: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maryland  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Male  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Connecticut  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\College administrator\President  Search this

William Samuel Johnson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

James Wilson: Male  Search this

James Wilson: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

James Wilson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

James Wilson: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge\Justice\US Supreme Court Justice  Search this

James Wilson: Law and Law Enforcement\Jurist  Search this

James Wilson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Paterson: Male  Search this

William Paterson: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge\Justice\US Supreme Court Justice  Search this

William Paterson: Politics and Government\Governor\New Jersey  Search this

William Paterson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

William Paterson: Politics and Government\State Senator\New Jersey  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer: Male  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maryland  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Revolutionary  Search this

George Read: Male  Search this

George Read: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

George Read: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

George Read: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

George Read: Law and Law Enforcement\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Delaware  Search this

George Read: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

George Read: Politics and Government\State Senator\Delaware  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

Owner: U.S. Capitol

Object number:

DC230429

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Catalog of American Portraits

Data Source:

Catalog of American Portraits

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4ca7267d3-6e6b-4e3a-ae05-e605afc5e83d

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_DC230429

Artist:

John Trumbull, 6 Jun 1756 - 10 Nov 1843  Search this

Sitter:

Vicomte Paul Jean Nicolas De Barras  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux, 1734 - 1788  Search this

General Choizy  Search this

James Clinton  Search this

David Cobb  Search this

Comte Adam Philippe De Custine  Search this

Charles Damas  Search this

Count Deuxponts  Search this

Hans Axel Fersen  Search this

Nicholas Fish  Search this

Mordecai Gist, c. 1742 - 1792  Search this

Alexander Hamilton, ? - 1889  Search this

Edward Hand  Search this

Ebenezer Huntington  Search this

Henry Knox, 25 Jul 1750 - 25 Oct 1806  Search this

Marquis de Lafayette, 6 Sep 1757 - 20 May 1834  Search this

John Laurens  Search this

Duc De Lauzun  Search this

Benjamin Lincoln, 24 Jan 1733 - 9 May 1810  Search this

Duc De Laval Montmorency  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg, 1746 - 1807  Search this

Thomas Nelson  Search this

Timothy Pickering, 17 Jul 1745 - 29 Jan 1829  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse, 1722 - 1788  Search this

Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur Rochambeau, 1 Jul 1725 - 10 May 1807  Search this

Claude Henri De Rouvroy Saint-simon  Search this

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, 17 Sep 1730 - 28 Nov 1794  Search this

E. Stevens  Search this

Walter Stuart  Search this

John Trumbull, 6 Jun 1756 - 10 Nov 1843  Search this

Baron Viomenil  Search this

Viscount Viomenil  Search this

George Washington, 22 Feb 1732 - 14 Dec 1799  Search this

Anthony Wayne, 1 Jan 1745 - 15 Dec 1796  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

366cm x 549cm (144 1/8" x 216 1/8"), Estimate

Type:

Painting

Date:

1809-20

Topic:

Vicomte Paul Jean Nicolas De Barras: Male  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux: Male  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux: Literature\Writer  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Inspector General  Search this

Marquis François Jean de Chastellux: Rulers and Aristocracy\Aristocrat\Marquis  Search this

General Choizy: Male  Search this

James Clinton: Male  Search this

David Cobb: Male  Search this

Comte Adam Philippe De Custine: Male  Search this

Charles Damas: Male  Search this

Count Deuxponts: Male  Search this

Hans Axel Fersen: Male  Search this

Hans Axel Fersen: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

Nicholas Fish: Male  Search this

Edward Hand: Male  Search this

Ebenezer Huntington: Male  Search this

John Laurens: Male  Search this

Duc De Lauzun: Male  Search this

Duc De Laval Montmorency: Male  Search this

Thomas Nelson: Male  Search this

Claude Henri De Rouvroy Saint-simon: Male  Search this

Walter Stuart: Male  Search this

Baron Viomenil: Male  Search this

Viscount Viomenil: Male  Search this

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Male  Search this

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

George Washington: Male  Search this

George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

George Washington: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial statesman  Search this

George Washington: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

George Washington: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

George Washington: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

George Washington: Science and Technology\Surveyor  Search this

George Washington: Congressional Gold Medal  Search this

Benjamin Lincoln: Male  Search this

Benjamin Lincoln: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Benjamin Lincoln: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War  Search this

Benjamin Lincoln: Politics and Government\Lieutenant Governor\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Knox: Male  Search this

Henry Knox: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Henry Knox: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War  Search this

Henry Knox: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant\Bookseller  Search this

Mordecai Gist: Male  Search this

Mordecai Gist: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Mordecai Gist: Business and Finance\Transportation\Seaman\Sea captain  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Male  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Military and Intelligence\Navy\Officer  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Georgia  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Science and Technology\Surveyor  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Anthony Wayne: Congressional Gold Medal  Search this

Marquis de Lafayette: Male  Search this

Marquis de Lafayette: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

Marquis de Lafayette: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse: Male  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse: Military and Intelligence\Navy\Officer  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse: Military and Intelligence\Navy\Officer\Admiral  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse: Rulers and Aristocracy\Aristocrat\Count  Search this

Comte Francois Joseph Paul de Grasse: Rulers and Aristocracy\Aristocrat\Marquis  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Visual Arts\Artist  Search this

Alexander Hamilton: Male  Search this

John Trumbull: Male  Search this

John Trumbull: Visual Arts\Artist\Portraitist  Search this

John Trumbull: Visual Arts\Artist\Painter\History painter  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Male  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Military and Intelligence\Militia\Officer  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster\Postmaster General\US Postmaster General  Search this

Timothy Pickering: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur Rochambeau: Male  Search this

Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur Rochambeau: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur Rochambeau: Politics and Government\Patriot  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg: Male  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Revolutionary War Army officer  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Minister  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg: Politics and Government\Politician  Search this

John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg: Politics and Government\Government official\Customs Agent  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

Owner: U.S. Capitol

Object number:

DC230431

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

Catalog of American Portraits

Data Source:

Catalog of American Portraits

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm43f7151d9-d5bc-42ff-a0f7-c1ed46f85846

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_DC230431

Attribution:

Mathew Brady Studio, active 1844 - 1894  Search this

Sitter:

John Charles Frémont, 21 Jan 1813 - 13 Jul 1890  Search this

Medium:

Glass plate collodion negative

Dimensions:

Plate: 8.8 × 5.9 × 0.2 cm (3 7/16 × 2 5/16 × 1/16")

Type:

Photographic Negative

Place:

United States\New York\Kings\New York

Date:

1861

Topic:

Interior  Search this

Weapon\Sword  Search this

Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Mustache  Search this

Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Beard  Search this

Architecture\Column  Search this

Costume\Dress Accessory\Button\Brass  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Male  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Natural Resource Occupations\Explorer  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Politics and Government\US Senator\California  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Politics and Government\Governor\California  Search this

John Charles Frémont: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Major General  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; Frederick Hill Meserve Collection

Object number:

NPG.81.M93

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

National Portrait Gallery Collection

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm463356795-4221-4280-a83d-010adb049859

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_NPG.81.M93

Creator:

Zigrosser, Carl, 1891-  Search this

Names:

American Artists Group  Search this

Armory Show (1913: New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Art Institute of Chicago  Search this

Art in America  Search this

Independent Citizens Committee for the Arts, Sciences, and Professions  Search this

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation  Search this

Philadelphia Museum of Art  Search this

Print Club (Philadelphia, Pa.)  Search this

Print Council of America  Search this

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum  Search this

Tamarind Lithography Workshop  Search this

Weyhe Gallery  Search this

Whitney Museum of American Art  Search this

Arms, John Taylor, 1887-1953  Search this

Barr, Alfred H., Jr., 1902-1981  Search this

Boyd, E., 1903-1974  Search this

Burchfield, Charles Ephraim, 1893-1967  Search this

Calder, Alexander, 1898-1976  Search this

Carrington, Fitz Roy, 1869-1954  Search this

Castellón, Federico, 1914-1971  Search this

Colker, Ed, 1927-  Search this

Cook, Howard Norton, 1901-1980  Search this

Dehn, Adolf, 1895-1968  Search this

Durieux, Caroline, 1896-1989  Search this

Dwight, Mabel, 1876-1955  Search this

Flannagan, John Bernard, 1895?-1942  Search this

Girard, André  Search this

Hayter, Stanley William, 1901-1988  Search this

Hopper, Edward, 1882-1967  Search this

Huntley, Victoria Hutson, 1900-1971  Search this

Ingersoll, R. Sturgis (Robert Sturgis), b. 1891  Search this

Kent, Rockwell, 1882-1971  Search this

Keppel, Frederick, 1845-1912  Search this

Kimball, Fiske, 1888-1955  Search this

Kohn, Misch, 1916-  Search this

Kuniyoshi, Yasuo, 1889-1953  Search this

Lankes, Julius J., 1884-1960  Search this

Lasansky, Mauricio, 1914-  Search this

Mauzey, Merritt, 1898-  Search this

McNulty, Kneeland  Search this

Michener, James A. (James Albert), 1907-  Search this

Mitchell, Marian  Search this

Nalbandian, Karnig  Search this

Norman, Dorothy, 1905-1997  Search this

O'Keeffe, Georgia, 1887-1986  Search this

Pach, Walter, 1883-1958  Search this

Rivera, Diego, 1886-1957  Search this

Ronnebeck, Arnold, 1885-1947  Search this

Rose, Ruth Starr, 1887-1965  Search this

Rosenwald, Lessing J. (Lessing Julius), 1891-1979  Search this

Ruellan, Andrée, 1905-2006  Search this

Schniewind, Carl Oscar, 1900-1957  Search this

Seidenberg, Roderick, 1889-1973  Search this

Spratling, William, 1900-1967  Search this

Spruance, Benton, 1904-1967  Search this

Sternberg, Harry, 1904-2001  Search this

Stieglitz, Alfred, 1864-1946  Search this

Teng, Kuei  Search this

Valentin, Curt, 1902-1954  Search this

Warneke, Heinz (Heinrich), 1895-1983  Search this

Weston, Edward, 1886-1958  Search this

Wickey, Harry  Search this

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 1867-1959  Search this

Yunkers, Adja, 1900-1983  Search this

Extent:

30 Linear feet ((on 63 microfilm reels))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Date:

1891-1971

Scope and Contents:

Personal and professional records including correspondence, writings, notes, printed material, subject files, photograph album, and diaries relating to Zigrosser's work as an authority on prints and printmaking and his personal relationships with artists.

Included are: correspondence with family and with over 900 printmakers, painters, sculptors, acquaintances, friends, associates, organizations, museums, publishers, and magazines; general correspondence, notes, clippings, and manuscripts pertaining to The Modern School Magazine; files of correspondence from Zigrosser's work at: the Philadelphia Museum of Art, 1932-1971; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation; Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and Museum, 1946-1971, including correspondence with Frank Lloyd Wright concerning the Guggenheim Memorial Museum; Print Council of America, 1954-1971, regarding exhibitions, council meetings and other matters; and the Tamarind Workshop, 1960-1971.

Of particular interest is material relating to the 1913 Armory Show, including Zigrosser's annotated catalog, notes and sketches. Also included are speeches and notes, 1930-1968; manuscripts for lectures and unpublished materials; memorabilia; a photo album of sculpture by John B. Flannagan; art work, including prints and drawings by Karig Nalbandian, prints by Rockwell Kent, and oversized works of art on paper by Mabel Dwight, Wanda Gag and Kent; family photograph album; journals and pamphlets (covers only); and diaries, 1916-1971, discussing personal and professional events such as art openings, conversations and activities with Rockwell Kent, Alfred Stieglitz, and Georgia O'Keeffe, among others.

Among the correspondents are: the American Artists Group, John Taylor Arms, Art in America magazine, Art Institute of Chicago, Alfred Barr, E. Boyd, Charles Burchfield, Alexander Calder, Fitz Roy Carrington, Federico Castellon, Ed Colker, Howard N. Cook, Crown Publishers, Adolf Dehn, Caroline Durieux, John Bernard Flannagan, Andre Girard, Stanley William Hayter, Edward Hopper, Victoria Hutson Huntley, Independent Citizens Committee for the Arts, Sciences and Professions, R. Sturgis Ingersoll, Frederick Keppel, Rockwell Kent, Fiske Kimball, Misch Kohn, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Julius Lankes, Mauricico Lasansky, Merritt Mauzey, Kneeland McNulty, James A. Michener, Marian Mitchell,

Museum of Non-Objective Painting (Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum), Karnig Nalbandian, Dorothy Norman, Georgia O'Keeffe, Walter Pach, Harold Paris, Print Club (Philadelphia), Diego Rivera, Ruth Starr Rose, Arnold Ronnebeck, Lessing J. Rosenwald, Andre Ruellan, Carl Oscar Schniewind, Roderick Seidenberg, William Spratling, Benton Spruance, Alfred Stieglitz, Harry Sternberg, Tamarind Lithography Workshop, Kuei Teng, U.S. Office of War Information, Curt Valentin, Heinz Warneke, Edward Weston, Weyhe Gallery, Whitney Museum of American Art, Harry Wickey, and Adja Yunkers.

Biographical / Historical:

Print curator; Philadelphia, Pa.; d. 1975. Graduated Columbia University in literature. Worked with prints in New York City at Keppel and Co. and Weyhe Gallery; print curator at Philadelphia Museum of Art 1940-1963; author of books on prints and art works.

Provenance:

Lent for microfilming, 1991, by the University of Pennsylvania Special Collections Department, Van Pelt Library. Zigrosser donated the papers to the University in 1972. Portions of the papers not microfilmed include research files, manuscript materials for published work, family records, and journals.

Restrictions:

The Archives of American art does not own the original papers. Use is limited to the microfilm copy.

Rights:

Authorization to publish, quote or reproduce requires written permission from the Curator of Manuscripts, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, University of Pennsylvania. Contact Reference Services for more information.

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Artists -- United States  Search this

Printmakers -- United States  Search this

Museum curators -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia  Search this

Topic:

Art, American  Search this

Prints -- societies, etc  Search this

Prints -- Collectors and collecting  Search this

Prints, American  Search this

Prints, European  Search this

Identifier:

AAA.zigrcarl

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9c88ba1db-1061-48d2-bae9-77dd7e7f65c5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-zigrcarl

Interviewee:

Burlin, Paul, 1886-1969  Search this

Interviewer:

Seckler, Dorothy Gees, 1910-1994  Search this

Names:

American Artists' Congress  Search this

Downtown Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

National Academy of Design (U.S.) -- Students  Search this

United States. Works Progress Administration  Search this

Whitney Museum of American Art  Search this

Boas, Franz, 1858-1942  Search this

Gleizes, Albert, 1881-1953  Search this

Halpert, Edith Gregor, 1900-1970  Search this

Huneker, James, 1857-1921  Search this

Matisse, Henri, 1869-1954  Search this

O'Keeffe, Georgia, 1887-1986  Search this

Extent:

5 Items (Sound recording: 5 sound files (2 hr., 39 min.), digital, wav)

65 Pages (Transcript)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Interviews

Sound recordings

Place:

Europe -- description and travel

Southwestern States -- Description and Travel

Date:

1962

Scope and Contents:

Interview of Paul Burlin, conducted on December 5-6, 1962, by Dorothy Gees Seckler, for the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Burlin speaks of his childhood education in England; working for the magazine Delineator; his education at the National Academy of Design; his travels in the American Southwest; his early exhibitions in New York; his first wife's writings on folk music; visiting Europe before the first World War; discovering Cubism and Fauvism; working on the WPA under the Whitney Museum; joining and then leaving the American Artists' Congress in protest; his thoughts on overtly political art; exhibiting at the Downtown Gallery; his image-making process; and his critique of Pop art. Burlin also recalls James Huneker, Franz Boas, Albert Gleizes, Henri Matisse, Edith Halpert, Georgia O'Keeffe, and others.

Biographical / Historical:

Paul Burlin (1886-1969) was a painter in New York, New York.

General:

Originally recorded on 5 sound tape reels. Reformatted in 2010 as 5 digital wav files. Duration is 2 hr., 39 min.

Provenance:

This interview is part of the Archives' Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and others.

Topic:

Art, American  Search this

Art -- Political aspects  Search this

Cubism  Search this

Fauvism  Search this

Painters -- New York (State) -- Interviews  Search this

Pop art  Search this

Genre/Form:

Interviews

Sound recordings

Sponsor:

Funding for the digital preservation of this interview was provided by a grant from the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service.

Identifier:

AAA.burlin62

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9eb9c540b-b1e1-4898-9d25-193966292e9b

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-burlin62

Creator:

Margules, De Hirsh, 1899-1965  Search this

Names:

Babcock Galleries  Search this

Brooklyn Museum  Search this

Buffalo Fine Arts Academy  Search this

Feigl Gallery  Search this

Ferargil Galleries  Search this

Museum of Fine Arts, Boston  Search this

Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Niveau Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum  Search this

Walker Art Center  Search this

Whitney Museum of American Art  Search this

Worcester Art Museum  Search this

Beaudoin, Kenneth Lawrence, 1913-  Search this

Connick, Charles J., 1875-1945  Search this

Eilshemius, Louis M. (Louis Michel), 1864-1941  Search this

Frankel, Aaron  Search this

Fuller, R. Buckminster (Richard Buckminster), 1895-  Search this

Gillespie, Al Lincoln, Jr.  Search this

Gilman, Esther  Search this

Grady, James  Search this

Higgins, Dick, 1938-  Search this

Horblit, Harrison D.  Search this

Horblit, Jean  Search this

Jensen, Alfred, 1903-1981  Search this

King, Alex  Search this

Kolin, Sacha, 1911-1981  Search this

Lechay, Myron, 1898-1972  Search this

Lehman, Herbert H. (Herbert Henry), 1878-1963  Search this

Lindsay, John V.  Search this

Mandel, Marieli Kailin  Search this

Margules, Blanche London  Search this

Marin, John, 1870-1953  Search this

Miller, Henry, 1891-  Search this

O'Brien, Lawrence F.  Search this

Schnitzler, Max, 1903-  Search this

Stieglitz, Alfred, 1864-1946  Search this

Weber, David A.  Search this

Extent:

5.5 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Writings

Photographs

Notebooks

Sketchbooks

Sound recordings

Poems

Scrapbooks

Oil paintings

Collages

Date:

1888-2001

bulk 1923-1965

Summary:

The papers of painter De Hirsh Margules measure 5.5 linear feet and date from 1888-2001, with the bulk dating from 1923-1965. The papers contain biographical material, and business and personal correspondence, including letters from Alfred Stiegliz, John Marin, Henry Miller, Max Schnitzler, Charles J. Connick, Louis M. Eilshemius, Alex King, and Myron Lechay. Also found are writings, printed material, scrapbooks, photographs, works of art and audio recordings documenting Margules' personal life and professional career.

Scope and Content Note:

The papers of painter De Hirsh Margules measure 5.5 linear feet and date from 1888-2001, with the bulk dating from 1923-1965. The papers contain biographical material, and business and personal correspondence, including letters from Alfred Stiegliz, John Marin, Henry Miller, Max Schnitzler, Charles J. Connick, Louis M. Eilshemius, Alex King, and Myron Lechay. Also found are writings, printed material, scrapbooks, photographs, works of art and audio recordings documenting Margules' personal life and professional career.

Biographical material consists of Margules' curriculum vitae, address books, war ration books, press credentials, passports, naturalization documents, membership and social security cards, and memorial material on De Hirsh and Blanche Margules.

Correspondence of De Hirsh Margules covers both personal and business matters. Family correspondents include his wife Blanche London, her parents, De Hirsh's mother Rosa and his sister Sam. There is correspondence with Jean and Harrison Horblit, friends and business associates of the Margules, as well as correspondence with his girlfriend, Marieli Kailin Mandel. Other correspondents include Alfred Stieglitz, John Marin, Henry Miller, Max Schnitzler, Charles J. Connick, Louis M. Eilshemius, Alex King, Myron Lechay, and two letters from New York Governor Herbert H. Lehman. There are single letters from Sasha Kolin; New York City Mayor John V. Lindsay; Lawrence F. O'Brien, special assistant to President John F. Kennedy; Buckminster Fuller. This last letter was not addressed exclusively to Margules. Other personal correspondence includes letters, postcards and greeting cards from family members and friends. Other business correspondents include galleries and museums such as Babcock Galleries, Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, Niveau Gallery, Museum of Fine Arts Boston, Brooklyn Museum, Buffalo Fine Arts Academy, Ferargil Gallery, Feigl Gallery, Guggenheim Museum, Worcester Art Museum and Walker Art Center.

Writings consist mostly of poems by De Hirsh Margules, sometimes appearing in multiple draft forms, as well as a longer work titled "Mulberry Bend." Also included within the series are notebooks filled with poems and works of prose, the latter expounding upon his theories and ideas. Writings by other authors range from poetry to works of prose, criticism and biography, including A. Lincoln Gillespie, Jr., Kenneth Lawrence Beaudoin, David Weber, Aaron Frankel, James Grady, Dick Higgins, and Esther Gilman, among others. There are three illustrated writings by Alfred Jensen. Audio recordings contain a sound tape reel of De Hirsh Margules reciting his poems Rainbow and Mulberry Bend.

Printed material includes newspaper and magazine clippings, press releases, exhibition announcements, catalogues and books. Scrapbooks include printed material, newspaper and magazine clippings, and exhibition announcements on the career of De Hirsh Margules. Also included are two scrapbooks by Blanche London Margules, representing newspaper clippings of her writing, among others.

Works of Art include an oil painting on wood and sketchbooks by Margules. Also included are six collages in a series by Kenneth Lawrence Beaudoin titled "Eye Poems"; and text-based drawings/writings by A. Lincoln Gillespie, Jr.

Photographs, transparencies and slides include works of art by De Hirsh and Blanche London Margules. Also included are personal photographs of the Margules', their friends, family and students, and two folders of photographs of Marieli Kailin Mandel.

Arrangement:

The De Hirsh Margules papers are organized into 8 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1888-1978, undated (Box 1, 6; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1923-2000, undated (Box 1-3; 2.8 linear feet)

Series 3: Writings, 1936-1965, undated (Box 4; 1.0 linear feet)

Series 4: Printed Material, 1933-2001, undated (Box 5; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1922-1957, undated (Box 5, 7; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 6: Photographs, 1926-1992, undated (Box 5, 7; 0.8 linear feet)

Series 7: Works of Art, 1948, undated (Box 6, 7; 0.4 linear feet)

Series 8: Audio Recordings, undated (Box 6; 1 folder)

Biographical Note:

De Hirsh Margules (1899-1965) was a painter in New York, NY. Margules was born in Jasse, Romania and arrived in New York City at only ten months of age. His parents were in the Yiddish Theater; his father, Edouard was a playwright/director, and his mother, Rosa, was an actress. Margules received much of his art education outside of the conventional art institutional framework. Early on, he studied with Edwin Randby in Pennsylvania from 1917-1918, but it was really his neighbor, the painter Benno Greenstein, who encouraged Margules to pursue a career in the arts. From 1919-1921 he studied period architecture, design and decoration at the New York Evening School of Art and Design.

By 1922, Margules began working nights as a police reporter for the City News Association of New York, a job he would hold until 1942. However, he continued to study and paint during the day, this time working with Myron Lechay.

In 1927 Margules took a leave of absence from the City News Association to travel to Paris. He studied at the Musée du Louvre, and painted landscapes in Montmartre, Paris; Fontenay-près-Vézelay, Burgundy; and Tunis, Africa. In 1929 Margules returned to New York and met artist/dealer Alfred Stieglitz, who quickly became his most trusted friend and advisor. It was through Stieglitz that Margules was introduced to John Marin, Georgia O'Keeffe, Paul Rosenfeld, Stuart Davis and Jan Matulka. While Margules would benefit from his relations with all of these artists, it was John Marin who would become his most important mentor. He felt that Marin was the only one who could help him with the formal problems he was having with painting.

Margules lived most of his life in Greenwich Village and was a well-known member of the colorful and vivacious arts community. He was commonly recognized by his affable demeanor, but mostly it was his attire, particularly the dark blue beret that he was rarely seen without. To his friends he was known simply as "the Baron."

De Hirsh Margules has been called an abstract realist. He used saturated colors and bold textures in the construction of his abstract landscapes, but more specifically it was his interest in the concept of "time painting" or "time perspective" that propelled his work. It was through the physical rendering and representation of his subject matter that he explored the psychological concepts of time. From 1936-1937 Margules established "Another Place," an exhibition space set up in his New York City apartment at 43 West 8th Street. Over a two year period there were fourteen solo-exhibitions by Margules and other artists.

He taught painting in 1951 at Ball State College in Muncie, Indiana, and at the New York Equity Workshop in 1952. In 1951 Elaine de Kooning wrote a piece about his working methods in the December edition of Art News.

De Hirsh Margules died from a heart attack in 1965. He was 65 years old.

Provenance:

The papers were donated to the Archives in 2005 by Elita Agee.

Restrictions:

The De Hirsh Margules papers are open for research. Use requires an appointment.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Topic:

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Poets -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Works of art  Search this

Genre/Form:

Writings

Photographs

Notebooks

Sketchbooks

Sound recordings

Poems

Scrapbooks

Oil paintings

Collages

Citation:

De Hirsh Margules papers, 1888-2001, bulk 1923-1965. Archives of America Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.margde

See more items in:

De Hirsh Margules papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw96b288528-ce86-4c0a-8b52-8f5eb10f986f

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-margde

Artist:

Robert Gwathmey, American, b. Richmond, Virginia, 1903–1988  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

41 1/4 × 28 1/4 in. (104.4 × 71.8 cm)

Type:

Painting

Date:

(1945)

Credit Line:

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, Gift of the Joseph H. Hirshhorn Foundation, 1966

Accession Number:

66.2303

See more items in:

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden Collection

School:

Social Realism

Data Source:

Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/py20c114ce9-9115-4cf8-8e23-f12b124a60a6

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:hmsg_66.2303

Creator:

Churchill, Frank C. (Frank Carroll), 1850-1912  Search this

Churchill, Clara G.  Search this

Names:

United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs  Search this

United States. Department of the Interior  Search this

Extent:

3,710 Photographic prints (29 photograph albums)

3 Linear feet

1430 Negatives (photographic) (acetate)

325 Lantern slides (colored)

Culture:

Oklahoma Cherokee  Search this

Oklahoma Muskogee (Creek)  Search this

Osage  Search this

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Indians of North America  Search this

Sioux [Crow Creek]  Search this

Ponca  Search this

Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee)  Search this

Oklahoma Seminole  Search this

Quapaw  Search this

Miami [Oklahoma]  Search this

Wyandotte [Oklahoma]  Search this

Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne)  Search this

Ho-Chunk (Winnebago)  Search this

Eastern Shawnee [Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma]  Search this

Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee)  Search this

Oto  Search this

Sioux [Crow Creek]  Search this

Chickasaw  Search this

Modoc  Search this

Kiowa  Search this

Kaw (Kansa)  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Acoma Pueblo  Search this

Akimel O'odham (Pima)  Search this

Cahuilla  Search this

Chemehuevi  Search this

Cochiti Pueblo  Search this

Hopi Pueblo  Search this

Isleta Pueblo  Search this

K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo)  Search this

Kumeyaay (Diegueño)  Search this

Laguna Pueblo  Search this

Payómkawichum (Luiseño)  Search this

Mescalero Apache  Search this

Mojave (Mohave)  Search this

Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo)  Search this

Picuris Pueblo  Search this

Piipaash (Maricopa)  Search this

Puye Pueblo  Search this

Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan)  Search this

San Carlos Apache  Search this

Taos Pueblo  Search this

Tohono O'odham (Papago)  Search this

Minnesota Chippewa  Search this

Lake Superior Chippewa  Search this

Potawatomi  Search this

Menominee (Menomini)  Search this

Pechanga Band Luiseño  Search this

Rincon Band Luiseño  Search this

Santa Ysabel (Santa Isabela) Diegueño  Search this

Pala Band Luiseño (Agua Caliente)  Search this

Yuit (Siberian Yup'ik)  Search this

Inupiaq (Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo)  Search this

Bering Strait Inupiaq  Search this

Alutiiq (Pacific Eskimo)  Search this

Tlingit  Search this

Eastern Band of Cherokee  Search this

Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan)  Search this

Wahpetonwan Dakota (Wahpeton Sioux)  Search this

Seminole  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographic prints

Negatives (photographic)

Lantern slides

Photographs

Photograph albums

Place:

Utah

Alaska

Oklahoma

Washington

Florida

Montana

Arizona

Arkansas

Missouri

North Carolina

Minnesota

New Mexico

California

Date:

1880-1928

bulk 1899-1909

Summary:

The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection includes photographic negatives, photo albums, lantern slides, journals, scrapbooks and other documents created and compiled by the Churchills over the course of Frank's career as a special agent and Indian Inspector for the Department of the Interior between 1899 and 1909. Initially assigned as a revenue collector to the Cherokee Nation and later as an Indian Inspector reviewing boarding schools, Frank's assignments took him all over the United States including Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma), Missouri, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, California, Florida, North Carolina and Alaska. During this time the Churchills visited over 80 different Native communities shooting photographs and taking notes.

Scope and Contents:

The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection includes 1430 photographic negatives, 29 photo albums containing 3710 photographic prints, 325 lantern slides, and 3 linear feet of journals, scrapbooks, and other documents created and compiled by the Churchills over the course of Frank's career as a special agent and Indian Inspector for the Department of the Interior between 1899 and 1909.

Series 1: Photographs in Indian Territory (Oklahoma): Muskogee, Tahlequah, Sulphur Springs and Other Assignments, 1899-1903, includes 11 photo albums and 357 negatives from Frank Churchill's original assignment as revenue collector to the Cherokee Nation. Locations include Indian Territory (Oklahoma) [bulk], Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, South Dakota, Arkansas, and Missouri. The Native communities visited and photographed in this series include— Oklahoma Cherokee, Oklahoma Muskogee (Creek), Quapaw, Osage, Miami, Wyandotte [Oklahoma], Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne), Winnebago [Nebraska], Eastern Shawnee [Quapaw Agency, Oklahoma], Ponca, Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee), Oto, Sioux [Crow Creek], Kaw (Kansa), Chickasaw, Modoc, Kiowa, Choctaw.

Series 2: Photographs in the Southwest and Midwest: Arizona, New Mexico, Califonia, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 1903-1907, includes 9 photo albums and 832 negatives from Frank Churchill's assignment as an Indian Inspector. Because the Churchills visited some of the same locations on multiple occasions, it has been hard to date some of the negatives. For that reason, all the negatives made in the Southwest have been included in this series, though there are two photo albums with Southwest photographs included in Series 4. Locations in this series includes Arizona, New Mexico, California, Minnesota and Wisconsin. The Native Communities visited and photographed in this series include—A:shiwi (Zuni), Diné (Navajo), Acoma Pueblo, Akimel O'odham (Pima), Cahuilla, Chemehuevi, Cochiti Pueblo, Hopi Pueblo, Isleta Pueblo, K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo), Kumeyaay (Diegueño), Laguna Pueblo, Luiseño (Luiseno), Mescalero Apache, Mojave (Mohave), Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo), Picuris Pueblo, Piipaash (Maricopa), Puye Pueblo, Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), San Carlos Apache, Taos Pueblo, Tohono O'odham (Papago).

Series 3: Photographs in Alaska and Oregon, 1905-1910 (bulk 1905), includes four photograph albums and 71 negatives from Frank Churchill's appointment as special agent, by President Roosevelt, to investigate the condition of the school & reindeer service and other affairs in Alaska in the summer and fall of 1905. Two of the albums were not made by the Churchills. The first of these (Box 20) includes photographs by William Hamilton and the second (Box 21) includes photographs by W. T. Lopp. Locations in Alaska include St. Lawrence Island, Nuwukmiut/Point Barrow, Teller, Diomedes Islands, Nome, Kotzebue, Wrangell, Port Clarence Bay, Unalaska Island and Baranof Island. There are a number of photographs aboard the U.S. Cutter "Bear" and aboard the mailboat "Georgia." Native communities photographed include—Yuit (Siberian Yup'ik), Inupiaq (Alaskan Inupiat Eskimo), Bering Strait Inupiaq [Diomedes], Alutiiq (Pacific Eskimo), Tlingit.

Series 4: Photographs in Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota, Florida and Miscellaneous, 1907-1909, includes five photograph albums and 163 negatives from Frank Churchill's assignment at Indian Inspector. Because the Churchills visited some of the same locations in the Southwest (Arizona and Utah) on multiple occasions, it has been hard to date some of the negatives. For that reason, all the negatives made in the Southwest have been included in Series 3. Locations include Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota and Florida. Native communities visited and photographed include-Diné (Navajo), Hopi Pueblo, Kaibab Paiute, Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), Eastern Band of Cherokee, Pikuni Blackfeet (Piegan), Wahpetonwan Dakota [Sisseton-Wahpeton Sioux Tribe], Turtle Mountain Chippewa, Seminole. There is restricted material in Box 23 (Album P23380).

Series 5: Non-Native Photographs: Colorado Vacation, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and other Materials, 1898-1913, includes four photograph albums from vacations and other visits made by the Churchills unrelated to Frank's activities as Indian Inspector.

Series 6: Manuscripts: Journals, Documents and Scrapbooks, 1880-1928 (bulk 1899-1909), includes three linear feet of materials arranged in three subseries. Subseries 6.1, Clara Churchill, includes 16 journals, 12 scrapbooks and various other manuscript materials written and accumulated by Clara Churchill during their travels. Many of the journals include personal writings as well as several photographs that are duplicated in the photograph albums. The journals and scrapbooks encompass the full range of the Churchills' travels and include notes from Indian Territory, Southwest, Midwest, Southeast, Plains and Alaska. Subseries 6.2, Colonel Frank C. Churchill, includes official documents around Churchill's assignments as well as the reports Frank submitted back to the Secretary of the Interior (Box 41 and 42). Subseries 6.3, Churchill Museum and Miscellaneous, includes catalogs and other notes related to the large collection of Native American objects amassed by Frank and Clara. Clara also collected other items such as shells, minerals, and sand.

Series 7: Lantern Slides for Lectures, 1899-1909, includes 325 hand colored glass lantern slides. These were made by the Churchills from existing negatives and used for lectures. Lantern slides #1-#121 include views photographed in Alaska in 1905. Sldes #122-#325 include an assortment of views from Oklahoma (Indian Territory), Nebraska, Montana, Minnesota, California, Arizona and New Mexico photographed between 1900 and 1909.

Arrangement:

The Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection has been arranged in seven series by material type and then chronologically. The first five series are then divided into subseries by "Photo Albums" and "Negatives." These include--Series 1: Photographs in Indian Territory (Oklahoma): Muskogee, Tahlequah, Sulphur Springs and Other Assignments, 1899-1903; Series 2: Photographs in the Southwest and Midwest: Arizona, New Mexico, California, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 1907-1907; Series 3: Photographs in Alaska and Oregon, 1905-1910 (bulk 1905-1905); Series 4: Photographs in Arizona, Utah, North Carolina, Montana, North Dakota, Florida and Miscellaneous, 1907-1909; Series 5: Non-Native Photographs: Colorado Vaction, Lebanon, New Hampshire, and other Materials.

Series 6: Manuscripts: Journals, Documents and Scrapbooks, 1880-1928, is arranged in three subseries. Subseries 6.1: Clara G. Churchill, Subseries 6.2: Frank C. Churchill, and Subseries 6.3: Churchill Museum and Miscellaneous. Series 7: Lantern Slides for Lectures, 1899-1909, is arranged in orginal number order from the Hood Museum at Dartmouth College.

Biographical / Historical:

Frank Carroll Churchill was born August 2, 1850 to Benjamin P. Churchill and Susanna Thompson in West Fairlee, Vermont. Frank was educated at Thetford Academy in Thetford, VT and worked as a clerk for D.C. Churchill & Co. in Lyme, NH between 1869-1870. Between 1870 and 1877, Churchill was employed by H.W. Carter as a wholesale merchant in Lebanon, New Hampshire. During this time, Churchill met Clara Corser Turner and they were married on June 11, 1874.

Clara G. (Turner) Churchill was born December 16, 1851, to Colonel Francis H. Corser and Sarah Hook (Perkins) Corser. Colonel Corser and his wife died young, and Clara was adopted by George and Abby H. Turner of Concord, New Hampshire. In 1877, in association with William S. Carter, Frank Churchill opened the business "Carter & Churchill" which was in this business for 21 years. Churchill held various political offices from 1879-91. He served as chairman of the Republican town committee of Lebanon and of the Republican State committee in 1890 and 1891. He served on the staff of Governor Natt Head in 1879 and 1880, with the rank of Colonel. He was chairman of the New Hampshire delegation at the Republican National Convention which nominated President Harrison and represented the Fourth District in the Executive Council in 1889-1890 during the administration of Governor David. H. Goodell.

In 1899 Frank was appointed revenue inspector for the Cherokee Nation in Indian Territory and was later appointed a special agent for the Interior Department to formulate a system of public schools in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and across the Southwest. In 1905, he was appointed special agent, by President Roosevelt, to investigate the condition of the school & reindeer service and other affairs in Alaska and was reappointed Indian Inspector between 1905-1909. In 1909, Churchill resigned due to failing health and died November 5, 1912. Clara accompanied Frank on all his travels between 1899 and 1909 (see below chronology for full details) maintaining journals and writing articles for publication in "WHAT." Clara was also a painter, producing watercolors and hand-painting many of the photographs she and Frank made on their travels. Following Frank's death, Clara maintained their collection of Native artifacts and photographs in their home in Lebanon, New Hampshire. Clara died April 16, 1945, bequeathing the full collection to Dartmouth College.

Frank Churchill's assignments as Special agent and Indian Inspector from 1899-1909 took him all over the United States including Indian Territory (present day Oklahoma), Missouri, Texas, Nebraska, Kansas, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, New Mexico, Arizona, Utah, California, Florida, North Carolina and Alaska. During this time the Churchills visited over 80 different Native communities. For more details, see the chronology below.

Travels in Indian Territory (Oklahoma) and other assignments, 1899-1903

1899, June 29 -- Churchills arrive in Muskogee, Indian Territory (Oklahoma).

1899, July-October -- Visit to Fort Gibson, Tahlequah, Sallisaw, and Vinita (Indian Territory/Oklahoma). Visit to Noel and South west City, Missouri. Visit to Chelsea and Coffeyville, Kansas. Visit to Fort Smith, Arkansas.

1899, November -- Visit Tahlequah while the Cherokee Nation legislature was in session.

1899, December -- Travel in Colorado.

1900, March -- Return to Muskogee and Fort Gibson.

1900, Sept 17-Oct 5 -- Dawes Commission in Vinita.

1901, Mar-Apr 3 -- Visit to the Quapaw Agency, Wyandotte Reservation and school, Modoc reservation and the town of Miami.

1901, April -- Visit to Denison, Texas. Visit to Checotah, Eufaula, South McAlester (Choctaw nation).

1901, Summer -- Visit to Pawhuska, Osage Nation.

1901, October -- Visit to Tishomingo, seat of government of the Chickasaws.

1902, January -- Trip to the Chickasaw Nation Visit to Anadarko, Indian Agency of the Kiowa, Comanche and Apache, Fort Sill, Wichita Mountains, and Lawton.

1902, May -- Frank is dispatched to Sioux City, Iowa.

1902, May-June -- Visit to Winnebago Agency, Omaha Agency, Santee Agency.

1902, July -- Visit to St. Paul, Minnesota and Eau Claire, Wisconsin, (Chippewa Falls). Frank is sent to Sulphur Springs, Texas, to author a report.

1902, August -- Churchills return to Muskogee, IT.

1902, September-October -- Trip to White Eagle, Ponca Agency for a month. Visit to Otoe school, Pawnee School, Shawnee, Sac and Fox reservations.

1902, November-December -- Visit to Crow Creek Agency.

1903, January -- Return to Sulpher Springs, Texas.

1903, March -- Visit to Pawhuska, Osage Nation.

1903, April -- Visit to Colorado.

1903, May-October -- Visit to 23 towns in Oklahoma (IT) with the Secretary of the Interior.

Travels in New Mexico, Arizona and California, 1903-1905

1903, November -- Frank receives orders to proceed to Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico.

1903, December 9 -- Visit to Zuni, followed by Canyon de Chelly, Hubbell's Ranch, Keams Canyon.

1903, December 21 -- Visit to Hopi Pueblo. Walpi, Polacca Day School, Oraibi, Shumopavi (Shungopavi/Songoopavi), Shipaulovi (Supawlavi) and Mishongnovi (Musungnuvi).

1903, December 28 -- Visit to Fort Defiance.

1904, January -- Travel in New Mexico. Visit to Gallup, Laguna Pueblo, Acomita, Paraje, Acoma, Albuquerque, Isleta Pueblo, Santa Fe, Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo), K'apovi (Santa Clara Pueblo).

1904, February -- Visit to Sacaton, Akimel O'odham (Pima) Reservation and Casa Grande ruins in Arizona.

1904, March -- Visit to Lehi Day School, Salt River Day School, Phoenix Indian School, Gila River Crossing Day School and Maricopa Day School, Arizona.

1904, March 10-26 -- Visit to Fort Mojave and Chemehuevi.

1904, March 30-April -- Visit to Riverside, California, Sherman Institute and Perris School. Side trip to Yuma, Arizona.

1905, January-February -- Visit to Sulphur, IT.

1905, March -- Visit to Mescalero Apache Agency, San Carlos Apache Agency, Geronimo Settlement, Rice Station School at Talkalai.

1905, April 10-20 -- Return to Sherman Institute in Riverside, California. Visit to San Jacinto, Perris, Saboba, Cahuilla, San Manuella (Band of Mission Indians), Coachella, Torres Reservation, Martinez Reservation Day School, Cabazon Reservation, Protrero Reservation and Day School.

1905, April 22-May -- Visit to Temecula, Pechanga Day School, Pala Mission, Campo Reservation, Mission of San Luis Rey, Rincon Day School, Mesa Grande School, Santa Ysabel (Diegueno), Volcan Mountain Day School.

Travels in Alaska, 1905

1905, June -- Frank receives an assignment in Alaska.

1905, July -- Board the U.S. Revenue Cutter "Bear" in Nome. Visit to Reindeer Station in Teller, Cape Prince of Wales, Kotzebue Sound, Cape Thompson, Point Hope and Point Barrow.

1905, August -- Visit to Wainwright Inlet, return to Nome. Visit to Anvil Creek, Gologin (Golovin) Bay, St. Lawrence Island, Pribilof Islands (Seal Islands), St. George, Dutch Harbor and Unalaska.

1905, September -- Board the "Dora" anchored near Belkofski, Cold Bay, Karluk, Afgonak, and Kodiak. Stop in Homer, Seldovia and Seward. Visit to Sitka.

1905, September 28 -- Board the steamer "Georgia" to Juneau and Skagway via Hoonah.

1905, October -- Return to Lebanon, NH.

Travels in Arizona, New Mexico, Minnesota, Wisconsin, California and Utah, 1906-1907

1906, March-April -- Re-assigned to Southwest and arrive in Tucson, Arizona. Visit to San Xavier Mission, Tohono O'odham (Papago) reservation, Casa Grande, Sacaton, Maricopa, Gila Crossing, Salt River and Phoenix schools.

1906, May -- Return to New Mexico to visit Gallup and Zuni Day School.

1906, June -- Visit to St, Paul, Minnesota and the White Earth (Ojibwe) reservation and Wild Rice River School in Boliere.

1906, July -- Visit to Ashland, Wisconsin, Lac Courte Oreilles, Hayward, and Lac de Flambeau (La Pointe Agency.

1906, July-September -- Return to Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1906, September -- Visit to Fond du Lac (Winnebago Lake), Wabeno, and Carter, Wisconsin.

1906, October -- Visit to Phlox, Wausau, Minocqua, Star Lake, Bark River and Wausaukee, Wisconsin.

1906, November-December -- Visit to Keshena (Green Bay Indian School), Menominee Reservation and Ashland, Wisconsin.

1906, December-January -- Stay in Washington, DC.

1907, February -- Return to Albuquerque, New Mexico.

1907, March -- Visit to Santa Fe and various Pueblos (Cochiti, Tesuque, San Ildefonso, Ohkay Owingeh [San Juan], Toas and Picuris).

1907, April -- Return to Albuquerque, visit to Pueblos (Isleta, Laguna, Mesita, Acomita, Paraje, Acoma, Seama).

1907, April -- Visit to Phoenix, Arizona (Phoenix Indian School), Fort McDowell and Salt River Day School.

1907, May -- Visit to Sacaton, Maricopa, Casa Grande, and Yuma, Arizona.

1907, June -- Visit to Riverside (Sherman Institute), and Pomona, California.

1907, June-July -- Travel to Salt Lake City, Utah. Visit Panguitch, Orton, Kanab, Escalante and Marysvale, Utah.

1907, July-August -- Return to Arizona. Visit Flagstaff, Tuba Indian School, as well as Hopi Pueblo (Walpi, Moencopi, and Oraibi).

1907, September-October -- Return to Lebanon, NH.

Travels in North Carolina, Montana and Florida, 1907-1909

1907, October 22 -- Assigned to Cherokee, North Carolina, to make a new roll of the Eastern Band of Cherokee.

1907, November -- Arrive in Cherokee, North Caolina.

1908, February -- Visit to Robbinsville and Big Cove

1908, April -- Cherokee council meeting regarding Churchill's new roll.

1908, May -- Completes assignment in North Carolina.

1908, June-September -- Return to Washington, DC and Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1908, September-October -- Trip to Montana. Visit to Browning, Blackfeet Reservation, Harlem, Fort Belknap and Fort Peck.

1908, November -- Visit to Spirit Lake (Devil's Lake) and Wahpeton, and Fort Totten, North Dakota.

1908, December -- Visit to Morris, Minnesota.

1909, January -- Trip to Washington, DC for the inauguration of President Taft.

1909, February -- Visit to Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

1909, March-April -- Trip to Florida. Visit to Miami, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Tampa Bay, St. Petersburg, Gainesville, and St. Augustine.

1909, May -- Visit to Soco Creek and Cherokee, North Carolina.

1909, July -- Return to Lebanon, New Hampshire.

1909, August -- Resignation as Indian Inspector.

Related Materials:

A large collection of Native American cultural objects and archaeology bequeathed by Clara Churchill can still be found at the Hood Museum at Dartmouth College.

Provenance:

Frederick Dockstader, former director of the Museum of the American Indian (MAI), Heye Foundation, illegally removed the majority of the photographs (photo albums, negatives) and manuscript material (journals, reports) from the Hood Museum of Art at Dartmouth College in 1955, before depositing them at the MAI. Those materials were officially gifted to NMAI in 2018 by the Hood Museum. Additional materials from the Churchill collection that remained at the Hood Museum (lantern slides, photographs, scrapbooks, journals) were donated in 2020. These materials have been noted in the finding aid.

Restrictions:

Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).

Rights:

Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadbast materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.

Topic:

Boarding schools  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Photographic prints

Photograph albums

Negatives (photographic)

Citation:

Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection, NMAI.AC.058, National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAI.AC.058

See more items in:

Frank C. and Clara G. Churchill collection

Archival Repository:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv45e31a2d8-afd7-4320-96c7-1f596f51c142

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-058

Creator:

Amos, Emma, 1937-2020  Search this

Names:

Antioch College  Search this

Mason Gross School of the Arts (Rutgers University)  Search this

Spiral (Group of artists)  Search this

Browne, Vivian E., 1929-1993  Search this

Roth, Moira  Search this

hooks, bell, 1952-2021  Search this

Extent:

37.1 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1900-2019

Summary:

The papers of African American painter and printmaker Emma Amos measure 37.1 linear feet and date from circa 1900 to 2019. The collection documents Amos's family history, her professional life, and the intersection of her heritage and artwork. Found in the collection are biographical materials, family and inherited papers, correspondence, writings, project and exhibition files, teaching files, other professional records, personal business records, printed and photographic materials, and artwork.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of African American painter and printmaker Emma Amos measure 37.1 linear feet and date from circa 1900 to 2019. The collection documents Amos's family history, her professional life, and the intersection of her heritage and artwork. Found in the collection are biographical materials, family and inherited papers, correspondence, writings, project and exhibition files, teaching files, other professional records, personal business records, printed and photographic materials, and artwork.

Biographical materials include Amos's student records from Antioch and New York Universities, her personal Bible, resumes, and video recordings of interviews with bell hooks and Moira Roth. The Amos family and inherited papers of close family friends contain photographs, scrapbooks, correspondence, and memorabilia from Fisk University.

Correspondence is with colleagues at galleries, museums, and arts organizations regarding exhibitions, the Spiral artist group, and Amos's other professional activities, as well as her personal letters with friends and family.

Also found in the collection are writings that include drafts, published copies of essays, autobiographical writings, lecture video recordings, mock-ups of book projects, and a few writings by others. Project and exhibition files are for the television show Show of Hands (1977), The Sky's the Limit installation at IS90, Emma Amos: Paintings and Prints 1982-1992 retrospective exhibition, and the Ralph David Abernathy Memorial Project. Teaching files are from Rutgers University where she served as Chair of Visual Arts at the Mason Gross School of the Arts.

Amos's files for her other professional activities document fellowships and residencies, memberships, presentations at conferences and workshops, travel, and exhibitions she curated such as Progressions: A Cultural Legacy (1986), also co-curated by Julia Hotton and Vivian Browne, and Resisting Categories: Finding Common Ground. Personal business records include gallery files, datebooks, donation and loan records, ledgers and sales books, invoices and receipts, and studio supply records.

Printed materials contain clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, magazines and journals, and video recordings of the documentary Emma Amos: Action Lines featuring Amos and her artwork. Photographic materials consist of photographic prints, negatives, transparencies, photographic digital prints, slides, photographs albums, and 1 electronic disc of Amos, family and friends, parties and events, art models, snapshots, and works of art. Artwork contains mainly preparatory and source materials created and collected by Amos for use in her work.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as 11 series.

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1937-2012 (1.2 linear feet; Boxes 1-2, 37)

Series 2: Family and Inherited Papers, circa 1900-2017 (3.5 linear feet; Boxes 2-4, 38, OV 43)

Series 3: Correspondence, 1952-2019 (3.2 linear feet; Boxes 4-7)

Series 4: Writings, 1948-2010s (1.5 linear feet; Boxes 7-8, 42)

Series 5: Project and Exhibition Files, 1950s-2019 (8.2 linear feet; Boxes 8-16, 37, OV 45)

Series 6: Teaching Files, 1948-2013 (3.5 linear feet; Boxes 16-20, 37, OV 44)

Series 7: Other Professional Activities, circa 1960s-2018 (4.0 linear feet; Boxes 20-24, 46)

Series 8: Personal Business Records, 1960-2019 (2.0 linear feet; Boxes 24-26, OV 43)

Series 9: Printed Materials, 1908-2019 (4.5linear feet; Boxes 26-30, 39, OV 43, OV 45)

Series 10: Photographic Materials, circa 1900-2010s (3.5 linear feet; Boxes 30-33, 40)

Series 11: Artwork, circa 1940s-2010s (2.0 linear feet; Boxes 33-36, 41)

Biographical / Historical:

Emma Amos (1937-2020) was an African American painter and printmaker in New York, N.Y.

Amos was born in Atlanta, Georgia to a prominent family that had connections to Hale Woodruff, Zora Neale Hurston, and W.E.B. DuBois. Her mother, India DeLaine Amos, received a degree in anthropology from Fisk University in Tennessee and her father, Miles Green Amos, was a pharmacist and graduate of Wilberforce University in Ohio. In 1923, Miles Amos, with his uncle Moses Amos, established the Amos Drug Store which became a social and intellectual center of the neighborhood.

Amos graduated from Booker T. Washington High School at 16. She enrolled at Antioch College where she received a Bachelor of Fine Arts in 1958. During her time at Antioch, Amos would spend part of the year attending classes and the rest of the year working in cities like Washington, D.C., New York, and Chicago where she frequented the local galleries and museums. During her fourth year, she traveled to study at the London Central School of Art with Anthony Harrison. After graduating from Antioch, she returned to London to get a degree in etching in 1960. She later received a Master of Art from New York University in 1966.

At the beginning of Amos's career, she went to New York because of the lack of opportunities in Atlanta. In New York, Amos began teaching art at the Dalton School. She started working with printmakers like Robert Blackburn eventually taking a job with designer Dorothy Liebes in 1961 who she worked for until 1969. Later, Amos taught textile design at Newark School of Art. In 1980, she began teaching at the Mason Gross School of Art at Rutgers University eventually becoming Chair of the Visual Arts department. Amos retired in 2008.

Amos was a member of the influential artist collectives Spiral, Heresies, and Guerilla Girls. She was the creator and host of the WGBH television program about crafts, Show of Hands (1977-1978). She has exhibited her work in numerous exhibitions including Emma Amos, Paintings and Prints, 1982–1992 and Soul of a Nation: Art in the Age of Black Power.

Amos died in Bedford, N.H. in 2020.

Related Materials:

Also in the Archives of American Art are: Oral history interview with Emma Amos, 1968 October 3 and Oral history interview of Emma Amos, 2011 November 19-26.

Provenance:

The collection was donated in 2020 by Emma Amos as part of the Archives' African American Collecting Initiative funded by the Henry Luce Foundation.

Restrictions:

Material regarding the Guerilla Girls is access restricted; written permission is required. Contact Reference Services for more information. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Printmakers -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Topic:

African American painters  Search this

African American printmakers  Search this

Women painters  Search this

Women printmakers  Search this

African American artists  Search this

Women artists  Search this

Citation:

Emma Amos papers, circa 1900-2019. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.amosemma

See more items in:

Emma Amos papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw961ea519e-31d8-4638-9487-54641641d72a

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-amosemma

Painter:

Dove, Arthur 1880-1946  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 0581

Date:

1930

Topic:

Abstract  Search this

Landscape--Weather--Snow  Search this

Control number:

IAP 87070002

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_237427

Painter:

Dove, Arthur 1880-1946  Search this

Medium:

Oil and metallic paint on plywood

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 0553

Date:

1925

Topic:

Abstract  Search this

Landscape--Weather--Storm  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750169

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_360980

Painter:

Marin, John 1870-1953  Search this

Medium:

Watercolor on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 1294

Date:

1928

Topic:

Abstract  Search this

Architecture--Boat--Sailing Ship  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750285

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_361103

Painter:

Marin, John 1870-1953  Search this

Medium:

Watercolor, graphite pencil, and black chalk on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 1296

Date:

1928

Topic:

Abstract  Search this

Cityscape--Street  Search this

Cityscape--New York--New York City  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750287

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_361105

Painter:

O'Keeffe, Georgia 1887-1986  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Walker Art Center Vineland Place Minneapolis Minnesota 55403 Accession Number: 54.9

Date:

1927

Topic:

Architecture exterior--Farm--Barn  Search this

Landscape--New York--Lake George  Search this

Control number:

IAP 89810428

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_390101

Creator:

Gray, Cleve  Search this

Names:

Berry-Hill Galleries  Search this

Betty Parsons Gallery  Search this

Connecticut. Commission on Arts, Tourism, Culture, History and Film  Search this

Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this

Neuberger Museum of Art  Search this

Pratt Institute  Search this

Princeton University  Search this

Rhode Island School of Design  Search this

Barzun, Jacques, 1907-  Search this

Calder, Alexander, 1898-1976  Search this

Davis, Jim, 1901-1974  Search this

Dillenberger, Jane  Search this

Duchamp, Marcel, 1887-1968  Search this

Ernst, Jimmy, 1920-1984  Search this

Gabo, Naum, 1890-1977  Search this

Grace, Louise N.  Search this

Gray, Francine du Plessix  Search this

Lipchitz, Jacques, 1891-1973  Search this

Marin, John, 1870-1953  Search this

Pollock, Jackson, 1912-1956  Search this

Richter, Hans, 1888-1976  Search this

Smith, David, 1906-1965  Search this

Villon, Jacques, 1875-1963  Search this

Weber, Nicholas Fox, 1947-  Search this

Extent:

9.2 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Poems

Articles

Photographs

Reviews (documents)

Notes

Illustrations

Notebooks

Sketches

Drafts (documents)

Video recordings

Sound recordings

Interviews

Manuscripts

Paintings

Prints

Watercolors

Drawings

Lectures

Date:

1933-2005

Summary:

The Cleve Gray papers, 1933-2005, measure 9.2 linear feet. Papers include biographical material, alphabetical files, writings, artwork, audio/visual records, artifacts, printed material, and photographs. Extensive alphabetical files contain personal and professional correspondence as well as subject files relating to projects and interests. Especially well-documented are: Gray's involvement with the Vietnam protest movement; and Threnody, his best-known work composed of fourteen large panels lamenting the dead of both sides sides in Vietnam, commissioned by the Neuberger Museum of Art.

Scope and Content Note:

The Cleve Gray papers, 1933-2005, measure 9.2 linear feet. Papers include biographical material, alphabetical files, writings, artwork, audio/visual records, artifacts, printed material, and photographs. Extensive alphabetical files contain personal and professional correspondence as well as subject files relating to projects and interests. Especially well-documented are: Gray's involvement with the Vietnam movement; and Threnody, his best-known work composed of fourteen large panels lamenting the dead of both sides sides in Vietnam, commissioned by the Neuberger Museum of Art.

Among the biographical material are award and membership certificates, biographical notes, and personal documentation.

The alphabetical files contain Cleve Gray's personal and professional correspondence, as well as subject files relating to projects and interests. Correspondence is with friends and family, colleagues, publishers, museum curators and directors, art dealers, collectors, and fans. Among the correspondents of note are: Jacques Barzun, James E. Davis, Naum Gabo, Louise N. Grace, Hans and Fridel Richter, and Jacques and Gaby Villon. Other substantial correspondence includes: Berry-Hill Galleries, Betty Parsons Gallery, Connecticut Commission on the Arts, Jacques Seligmann and Co., Neuberger Museum of Art, Pratt Institute, Princeton University, and Rhode Island School of Design. Subject files mostly consist of correspondence, but include printed material and some photographs. Among the subject files are: Art Collection of Cleve and Francine Gray, Artist-Dealer Consignments and Visual Artists' Rights Act of 1989, Artists' Tax Equity Act of 1979, Promised Gifts to Museums, Threnody, Vestments, and Vietnam Protest. Of particular interest are files relating to the Estate of Hans Richter (Cleve Gray, executor), and Gray's research correspondence and illustrations for his Cosmopolitan article "Women-Leaders of Modern Art."

Writings are manuscripts and drafts, research materials, notes, and miscellaneous writings by Cleve Gray and other authors. Those by Gray include articles and catalog introductions on a wide range of art-related topics, as well as book and exhibition reviews. Also found are a book proposal, texts and notes for lectures and talks, miscellaneous notes, poems, political statements, and student papers. Of particular interest are autobiographical notes in the form of a chronology that his biographer, Nicholas Fox Weber, cited as an "autochronology."

Among the writings by other authors are pieces about Cleve Gray including Nicholas Fox Weber's manuscript Cleve Gray. A significant amount of material relates to three books edited by Gray: David Smith by David Smith: Sculpture and Writings, Hans Richter, and John Marin. Research material survives for an unpublished volume, Naum Gabo. Also included are notes relating to his translation of A l'Infinitif by Marcel Duchamp. Jane Daggett Dillenberger is represented by a lecture, "The Resurrection in Art." The remaining items by other authors are unsigned; of particular interest is a small notebook of reminiscences and notes about Jackson Pollock.

Artwork by Cleve Gray consists mostly drawings and sketches, and a small number of paintings, prints, and watercolors. Works by other artists consist are an unsigned mobile of paper cut-outs, possibly by Alexander Calder, and a pencil drawing signed Dick (probably Richard Avedon).

Audio recordings are a radio broadcast featuring Cleve Gray, several lectures by Gray on John Marin, and a lecture titled "Meaning in the Visual Arts." Other recordings are of Hans Richter and an interview with Jimmy Ernst conducted by Francine du Plessix Gray. Also found is a videocassette of "Glenville School Students at SUNY (Lincoln Center Activity)."

Artifacts are a Chinese scroll representative of those that hung in Cleve Gray's studio, two of his paintbrushes, Aberdeen-Angus Breeders' Association blue ribbon, and Neuberger Museum of Art Lifetime Achievement Award.

The vast majority of printed material - articles, clippings, exhibition catalogs and announcements, reproductions of art work, etc. - are about or by Cleve Gray. Miscellaneous items and publications mentioning Gray consist of annual reports, brochures, calendars, newsletters, programs, etc. Clippings about Vietnam and Vietnam protest memorabilia reflect his passionate involvement in the anti-war movement; a small number of these items mention Gray or were written by him.

Photographs are of artwork, events, people, places, and miscellaneous subjects. Most of the art work appearing in the photographs is by Cleve Gray and includes images of destroyed paintings. Also found is an original print of Photo Abstraction by Gray, circa 1934. Of particular note are photographs of Threnody, among them preparatory drawings and views of the work in progress. Photographs of artwork by other artists include Louise N. Grace, Jacques Lipchitz, John Marin, Hans Richter, and Jacques Villon.

Photographs of people are mainly portraits of Gray, and views of him with his wife and sons. Other individuals appearing in photographs are Hans Richter and some of Richter's descendants. Pictures of places consist of Gray's studio.

Events are an unidentified exhibition opening. Miscellaneous subjects are mostly exhibition installations. Illustrations consist of photographs published in David Smith by David Smith: Sculpture and Writings. Also found are small number of negatives and color transparencies.

Arrangement:

The collection is organized into 8 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1943-circa 2001 (Box 1; 0.1 linear ft.)

Series 2: Alphabetical Files, 1936-2005 (Boxes 1-5, 9; 4.3 linear ft.)

Series 3: Writings, 1935-2000 (Boxes 5-6; 0.85 linear ft.)

Series 4: Artwork, circa 1933-1987 (Boxes 6, 9, OV 12; 0.45 linear ft.)

Series 5: Audio/Visual Records, 1971-1989 (Box 6; 0.25 linear ft.)

Series 6: Artifacts, 1957-1999 (Box 6, RD 11; 0.45 linear ft.)

Series 7: Printed Material, 1933-2005 (Boxes 7-8; 1.25 linear ft.)

Series 8: Photographs, circa 1934-2002 (Boxes 8-10; 1.15 linear ft.)

Biographical Note:

Abstract Expressionist painter, sculptor, and writer Cleve Gray (1918-2004) lived and worked in Connecticut where he was politically active in the Vietnam protest movement and other liberal causes.

Born Cleve Ginsberg in New York City (the family changed its name to Gray in 1936), he attended the Ethical Culture School and at a young age developed a fascination with color and paint. At the urging of friends, Cleve's parents allowed him to accompany a school friend for lessons with George Bellows' student Antonia Nell. She encouraged and inspired the young artist, and a still life he painted in her class was shown at the National Academy of Design's 1932 annual exhibition. Miss Nell also introduced him to Louise N. Grace, an artist who became a good friend and had a lasting influence on him. While a student at Phillips Academy, Cleve studied painting with Bartlett Hayes and aspired to paint in France. Upon his graduation in 1936, he was awarded the Samuel F. B. Morse Prize for most promising art student.

Gray's mother was always supportive of his career choice. His businessman father, who didn't understand his son's desire to be an artist, insisted on a college education. Cleve chose Princeton, where he majored in art and archaeology, and studied painting with James E. Davis. His senior thesis was on Chinese landscape painting; both Eastern philosophy and art were long-term influences on Gray's work and outlook. He graduated summa cum laude in 1940, and then spent several months painting while living at the farm of a family friend in Mendham, New Jersey.

When a doctor suggeted that a dry climate might relieve sinus and asthma problems, Gray moved to Tucson, Arizona. Once settled in the desert, he contacted Louise N. Grace, whom he had met as a young teenager through his art instructor. Miss Grace, an artist and daughter of the founder of W. R. Grace and Co., was a highly cultured and independent woman older than his parents. The summer before Gray entered Phillips Academy, she had hired him to brush ground color onto canvases for murals she was painting for "Eleven Arches," her home in Tuscon then under construction. Miss Grace invited Gray to visit "Eleven Arches" to see the completed murals, and despite the substantial age difference, their friendship deepened; Gray found in her intellectual and spiritual guidance that was lacking in his own family. He remained in Tucson until enlisting in the U. S. Army in 1942, and they corresponded frequently during the the war. When a stroke in 1948 prevented Miss Grace from participating in the extensive tour of Europe she was arranging for a small group of friends, including Gray, she provided sufficient funds and insisted he make the trip on his own. Another stroke, suffered while Gray was traveling, left her in a coma; he was not permitted to see her again. Upon her death in 1954, Gray inherited "Eleven Arches."

Between 1943 and 1946, Gray was stationed in England, France, and Germany, serving in Army Signal Intelligence. Most of his work was performed at night, and he spent his free time drawing. While in London, Gray produced many colored pencil drawings of buildings that had been bombed. In France, a Red Cross volunteered to introduce him to Jacques Villon; although unfamiliar with the artist, Gray knew of Villon's brother, Marcel Duchamp, and accepted the invitation. Jacques and Gaby Villon lived near Gray's billet and he became a frequent visitor. Their friendship was important to his development as an artist. After being discharged from the Army in 1946, Gray remained in France to work with Villon who introduced him to the study of color and the concept of intellectual quality in painting. Gray also studied informally with André Lhote, Villon's former teacher. "American Painters in Paris," an exhibition presented in 1946 at Galerie Durand-Ruel, included work by Cleve Gray.

He returned to New York City in 1946. In the tight post-war rental market Gray managed to find a small room upstairs from a grocery store on East 106th Street for use as a studio. He commenced painting the London Ruins series based on drawings he had made during the war, and began thinking about exhibiting in New York. Gray secured introductions to Pierre Matisse, Curt Valentin, and Dorothy Miller. They encouraged him, but no opportunities came his way until Germain Seligmann, whose gallery was expanding its scope to include contemporary art, followed the advice of Curt Valentin and looked at Gray's work. Gary's first solo exhibition, held at Jacques Seligmann and Co., included selections from the London Ruins series, paintings done in Maine and Arizona, and a few portraits. The New York Times called it "an auspicious first," and one of the London Ruins series was selected by Edward Alden Jewell for the "Critic's Exhibition" at Grand Central Gallery.

Gray found New York City too frenetic. In 1949 he bought a large, old house in Warren, Connecticut, and lived and worked at "Graystones" for the remainder of his life. Half of a 6-car garage was converted to a studio; many years later, his studio moved to a barn, its renovation and design planned by sculptor and architect Tony Smith.

He married Francine du Plessix in 1957. Always interested in literature and philosophy, in the 1960s Francine du Plessix Gray began contributing articles to The New Yorker and is still affiliated with the magazine. Her reviews and articles appeared in prominent publications, and she wrote several award-winning novels and biographies. Their sons, Thaddeus and Luke (now a painter), were born in 1959 and 1961. Francine's mother, Tatiana du Plessix (the hat designer Tatiana of Saks), and step-father, the sculptor Alexander Liberman (also former art director of Vogue and later editorial director of Condé Nast publications) became Cleve Gray's closest friends.

The paintings and drawings of Cleve Gray - first consisting of figures and portraits, and then abstract compositions - were often produced in series. The earliest series, London Ruins, grew from the colored pencil drawings made while stationed in London during World War II. Travels to France, Italy, Greece, Morocco, Hawaii, Spain, Egypt, Japan, and Czechoslovakia, inspired many series, among them: Etruscan, Augury, Ceres, Demeter Landscape, Hera, Morocco, Hawaii, Ramses, Perne, Hatshepsut, Roman Walls, Zen, and Prague. His hometown, the Holocaust, and musicians inspired other series: Warren, Sleepers Awake!, Bela Bartok, and Four Heads of Anton Bruckner. Some series were works on paper, others were collage canvases, and a few series later spawned prints. Gray began using acrylics in the 1940s. Although the medium offered many benefits, he did not always like its appearance and frequently returned to oils. Around 1966 Gray was painting almost exclusively with acrylic, and eventually developed a technique of thinning the paint and applying successive layers of color (sometimes by pouring or with a sponge) on cotton duck rather than traditional canvas.

Gray was attracted to sculpture, too, working in that medium at different points in his career. His first sculpture, in plaster, was completed in 1959. In the early 1960s he visited a commercial sand-casting foundry and became excited about learning to cast in bronze. He made about a dozen sculptures to cast in sand, but due to too much undercutting, their casting became too difficult a problem. Lava flows seen while in Hawaii during 1970 and 1971 inspired a return to sculpture. This time, he used wood, papier maché, and metal. Gray then decided these pieces should be cast in bronze, and he was determined to do it himself. Friends taught him the lost wax process and he began working at the Tallix Foundry in Peekskill, New York where, over the next year, he cast about forty bronzes.

Gray's best known work is Threnody, a lament for the dead of both sides in Vietnam. In 1972, Gray received a commission to fill a very large gallery of the soon-to-open Neuberger Museum of Art (State University of New York, College at Purchase) designed by Philip Johnson. Friends of the Neuberger Museum paid his expenses and Gray, who was enormously excited about the project he considered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity, donated his time. Developing plans for the execution of Threnody consumed most of his time during 1972 and 1973. Composed of a series of fourteen panels, each approximately twenty feet square, the piece presented a number of technical challenges. It was constructed and painted in situ during the summer and early fall of 1973. Since then, Threnody has been reinstalled at the Neuberger Museum of Art on several occasions.

Gray was commissioned to design liturgical vestments for two Episcopal churches in Connecticut in the 1970s. A chasuble, stoles, and a mitre were commissioned by the Episcopal Diocese of Connecticut in 1984.

He won the "Outdoor Art at the Station Competition," for Union Station, Hartford, Connecticut. His very large porcelain enamel tile mural, Movement in Space, was installed on the façade of the transportation center in 1988.

Gray began writing occasional articles and exhibition reviews in the late 1940s. His concern with rational structure in art led him to question Abstract Expressionism and write "Narcissus in Chaos." This article, published in 1959 by The American Scholar, drew considerable attention. In 1960, Cosmopolitan published "Women - Leaders of Modern Art" that featured Nell Blaine, Joan Brown, Elaine de Kooning, Helen Frankenthaler, Sonia Gretchoff, Grace Hartigan, Ethel Magafan, Louise Nevelson, and Georgia O'Keeffe. Between 1960 and 1970, Gray was a contributing editor of Art In America, producing numerous articles (a few co-authored with Francine) and reviews for the periodical. He edited three books, David Smith by David Smith: Scupture and Writings, Hans Richter, and John Marin, all published by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, and translated Marcel Duchamp's A l'Infinitif.

During the early 1960s, Gray became intensely focused on the situation in Vietnam. His first artistic response came in 1963 with Reverend Quan Duc, painted to commemorate a Buddhist monk who had immolated himself. Francine, too, felt strongly about the issue and over time the couple became increasingly active in the anti-war movement. They joined a number of organizations and helped to found a local chapter of Clergy and Laymen Concerned about Vietnam. The years 1968 and 1969 were an especially intense and active period for the Grays. They protested, wrote and spoke out against the war, raised funds to support anti-war political candidates, and on a few occasions were arrested and jailed. Writing for Art in America, editing the book series, and anti-war activities left little time for his art. In 1970 Gray refocused his attention on painting.

Beginning in 1947, Gray was always represented by a New York Gallery: Jacques Seligmann and Co. (1947-1959), Staempfli Gallery (1960-1965), Saidenberg Gallery (1965-1968), Betty Parsons Gallery (1968-1983), Armstrong Gallery (1984-1987), and Berry-Hill Galleries (1988-2003). He was represented by galleries in other cities, as well, but not as consistently or for such long periods.

He exhibited extensively in group and solo exhibitions throughout the United States and internationally. In addition to numerous solo exhibitions presented by the dealers who represented Gray, there were retrospective exhibitions at: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Brooklyn Museum, Columbus Museum of Art, Krannert Art Museum (University of Illinois, Champaign), Princeton University Art Museum, Rhode Island School of Design, and Wadsworth Atheneum.

Many museums' permanent collections include the work of Cleve Gray, among them: Albright-Knox Art Gallery, Butler Institute of American Art, Columbus Museum of Art, Neuberger Museum of Art (SUNY, College at Purchase), the Museum of Modern Art (New York), Newark Museum, Oklahoma City Museum of Art, Phillips Collection, Sheldon Memorial Art Gallery (University of Nebraska, Lincoln), Smithsonian Institution, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, Whitney Museum of American Art, and Yale University Art Gallery.

Cleve Gray served as artist-in-residence at the Oklahoma City Museum of Art in 1963 and at the Honolulu Academy of Arts in 1970, both sponsored by Ford Foundation programs. In 1980, he was appointed an artist-in-residence at the American Academy in Rome, where Francine concurrently served as a writer-in-residence; they returned for shorter periods during each of the subsequent seven years. Cleve Gray was presented the Connecticut Arts Award in 1987, and the Neuberger Museum of Art Lifetime Achievement Award in 1999. He was awarded an honorary degree by the University of Hartford in 1992, and was elected a member of The American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1998. In addition, he was a trustee of the Neuberger Museum of Art, New York Studio School, Rhode Island School of Design, and Wadsworth Atheneum.

Cleve Gray hit his head and suffered a massive subdural hematoma after falling on ice outside of his home. He died the following day, December 8, 2004.

Separated Material:

Exhibition catalogs and announcements and two scrapbooks donated to the Archives in 1967 and 1968 were microfilmed on reels D314-D315. Items on reel D315, transferred to the Smithsonian American Art Museum Library in 1975, are not described in this finding aid.

Provenance:

The Cleve Gray papers were donated to the Archives of American Art by Mr. Gray in 1967 and 1968. The bulk of the collection was given by his widow, Francine du Plessix Gray, in 2007 and 2008.

Restrictions:

Use of original material requires an appointment. Use of archival audiovisual recordigs with no duplicate access copy requires advance notice.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Sculptors -- Connecticut  Search this

Painters -- Connecticut  Search this

Topic:

Art, Modern -- 20th century -- United States  Search this

Vietnam War, 1961-1975 -- Protest Movements -- United States  Search this

Designers  Search this

Women artists  Search this

Women painters  Search this

Women sculptors  Search this

Genre/Form:

Poems

Articles

Photographs

Reviews (documents)

Notes

Illustrations

Notebooks

Sketches

Drafts (documents)

Video recordings

Sound recordings

Interviews

Manuscripts

Paintings

Prints

Watercolors

Drawings

Lectures

Citation:

Cleve Gray papers, 1933-2005. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.grayclev

See more items in:

Cleve Gray papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw92d3d47d0-baa3-4085-80f2-9b5d1730c052

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-grayclev

Painter:

Marin, John 1870-1953  Search this

Medium:

Watercolor and charcoal on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 1276

Date:

1925

Topic:

Landscape--Mountain--Bear Mountain  Search this

Landscape--New York  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750272

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_361088

Painter:

Marin, John 1870-1953  Search this

Medium:

Watercolor, graphite pencil, and black chalk on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 1284

Date:

1927

Topic:

Landscape--Mountain--White Mountains  Search this

Landscape--Mountain--Franconia Mountains  Search this

Landscape--New Hampshire  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750277

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_361093

Painter:

Marin, John 1870-1953  Search this

Medium:

Watercolor and pencils on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

Phillips Collection 1600-1612 21st Street, N.W Washington District of Columbia 20009-1090 Accession Number: 1290

Date:

1925

Topic:

Landscape--Massachusetts--Great Barrington  Search this

Landscape--Mountain  Search this

Control number:

IAP 08750281

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_361097