Reis's correspondence is with friends, colleagues, art associations, museums, and galleries. Also found are letters sent to Rebecca Reis after Bernard's death. Researchers should note that additional letters of significance are located in Art of This Century and Peggy Guggenheim Foundation records, Mark Rothko Estate papers, and the "Letters from Artists" scrapbook.
Of note is correspondence with friends and artists, including Marc Chagall, William Congdon, Philip Guston, Robert Motherwell, and Laurence Vail, as well as other notable members of the art world, such as Sir Herbert Read. This series also contains correspondence from art organizations, art associations, museums, and galleries, including the Dallas Museum of Fine Arts, Fogg Museum, Museum of Modern Art, Whitney Museum of American Art, and Walters Art Gallery.
Arrangement:
Correspondence is arranged alphabetically by last name. Persons with three or fewer pieces of correspondence are filed in the miscellaneous folders, which are also arranged alphabetically.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Bernard J. Reis papers, circa 1913-1983. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Professional files form the bulk of the collection and include records relating to the administration of Turner's teaching career, exhibitions, invitations to lecture, gallery affiliations, organizational affiliations, and projects. Files retain Turner's original order and folder titles. Files may include correspondence from, to, and about the named person or organization. Of note is Turner's research and study of Africa and traditional African pottery making; book project files which likely contains material from Robert Turner: Shaping Silence; A Life in Clay, by Marsha Miro and Tony Hepburn; records from Turner's long affiliation with the American Craft Council, International Academy of Ceramics, National Council on Education of the Ceramic Arts, and the York State Craftsmen (now the New York State Craftsmen); and Turner's art sales and exhibitions at the Dorothy Weiss Gallery, Exhibit A Gallery, The Fabric Workshop, Hand and the Spirit, Okun Gallery, Revolution Gallery, and Santa Fe Clay.
Files may contain correspondence, exhibition announcements and catalogs, writings and notes, personal business records such as sales records, and photographs. The Lectures and Talks files include one sound cassette.
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center.
Researchers interested in accessing audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact Reference Services for more information.
Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Robert Chapman Turner papers, circa 1917-2005. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
Notes and correspondence presumably assembled in connection with the preparation of this paper. [Washington, D. C. 1933.] Miscellaneous document. 34 pages. Notes include: Correspondence, 1908, 1909, 1933, 1934, 6 pages; rough notes from North Carolina Colonial Records and other sources, concerning tribal locations, family names, etc., 16 pages; reprint of Roland M. Harper, "The Most Prolific People in the United States," Eugenical News, 23:2, 1938, 2 pages; typescript of Swanton's mimeo. article (same text), 10 pages.
Biographical / Historical:
Swanton concludes that the Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina who have been called Croatan and Cherokee are descended from certain Siouan tribes.
Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation Search this
Collection Director:
Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957 Search this
Container:
Box 1, Folder 2
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1936 - 1955
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Papers relating to the development of the flexible drinking straw, Friedman's manufacturing company, and Friedman's other inventions, such as an ice cream scoop, fountain pens, and household appliances.
Scope and Contents:
Papers relating to the development of the flexible drinking straw, Friedman's manufacturing company, and Friedman's other inventions, such as an ice cream scoop, fountain pens, and household appliances. Includes company ledgers, preliminary sketches, blueprints, correspondence, a video cassette, and photographs.
The Joseph B. Friedman Papers encompass the years 1915-2000, with the bulk of the material ranging between 1925 and 1965. This collection is a near complete source for the understanding inventive process of an American entrepreneur. In the case of the flexible straw, the evolution of the invention can be traced from early concept drawings through its manufacture and production, to the development of advertising and marketing materials. Records of necessary design modifications in the flexible straw and legal issues concerning Friedman's invention through its various stages are present here. In addition to providing a detailed linear account of the flexible straw, these papers reflect the varied interests and additional accomplishments of Friedman's invention career. The collection is arranged in three series to reflect the subjects of the material, namely personal papers, invention materials, and corporate records. Materials within each series are arranged by topic and type, and then chronologically.
Series 1: Personal Records (c.1920s-1940) contains family photographs, personal correspondence, education and employment records. Friedman's education records are in Subseries A, while the records of his careers in optometry, insurance and real estate are contained in Subseries B. Subseries C contains personal financial records, including bank statements and income tax returns. Correspondence, photographs, family history items and death certificate are located in Subseries D.
Series 2: Invention & Patent Materials (1915-1967) consists of invention records that include original concept drawings, legal records and patents, marketing correspondence, and the business records of Friedman's sole proprietorship invention business, the Commercial Research Company. It is important for researchers to note that information on the assignment of straw patents and their machinery, all associated legal records to those specific issues, as well as patent defense case research, and straw advertising and marketing after 1938 may be found in Series 3. Series 2 is divided into several subseries. Subseries A - I are patented inventions arranged chronologically by patent issue date, and include research and development, legal records and correspondence, and advertising and marketing materials. Subseries J - M contain unpatented inventions and business records, as well as multiple concept drawings and invention lists that refer to both patented and unpatented inventions. Researchers interested in the conceptual development of the straw should review the information contained not only in Subseries E: Drinking Tube and Subseries H: Flexible Straw, but also in Subseries L: Invention Lists & Drawings for straw ideas that were drawn on lists or sketches with other concepts. Additionally, researchers interested in the manufacturing device for the straw should review Subseries I: Apparatus & Method for Forming Corrugations in Tubing, as well as Subseries K: Unpatented Inventions, for the Flexible Straw & Method of Forming Same information.
Series 3: Flex-Straw Corporate Records (1938 - 1967) includes correspondence relating to the company and its formation, financial statements, tax returns, legal documents, patent assignments, royalty information, patent defense case research and records, and documents pertaining to the advertising and marketing of the flexible straw. Researchers should note that all conceptual and developmental details relating to the straw and its manufacture, as well as the original patents and their specifically associated legal correspondence can be found in Series 2. Series 3 is divided into several topically arranged subseries. Subseries A consists of the organizational materials for the company, including the minutes, by-laws and limited employee records. This subseries also contains two day books belonging to Joseph B. Friedman recording his appointments and personal notes from 1947 and 1950. Subseries B includes company related correspondence, organized by the correspondent. It begins with general correspondence, from 1939 - 1963, and continues with the letters of Bert Klein (1945 - 1950), David Light & Harry Zavin (1938 - 1962), and Betty Friedman (1940 - 1954). Much of the operational information on the company may be found in the letters Betty Friedman wrote and received from her brother. Subseries C holds the financial records of the company, including financial statements, ledgers, bank statements, check books, tax returns and royalty statements. Subseries D consists of legal records and correspondence, including such topics as changes in entity type, patent assignments, fair trade agreements and patent defense. Subseries E contains the advertising and marketing records of the company. This includes published material relating to the Flex-Straw specifically, as well as some advertising for flexible straws in general. Pencil concept drawings of Flex-Straw packaging and advertising art are drawn on the reverse of Pette calendar pages, and international advertising materials for the product are also present. Product testimonials, distributor bulletins, and corporate letterhead that traces the progression of company locations can also be found here.
Arrangement:
The collection is ivided into three series.
Series 1: Personal Records, circa 1920s-1940
Series 2: Invention and Patent Materials, 1915-1967
Series 3: Flex-Straw Corporate Records, 1938-1969
Biographical / Historical:
Joseph B. Friedman (1900 - 1982) was an independent American inventor with a broad range of interests and ideas. Born in Cleveland, Ohio on October 9, 1900, Joseph was a first generation American and the fifth of eight children for Jacob Friedman and Antoinette Grauer Friedman. By the age of fourteen, he had conceptualized his first invention, the "pencilite" lighted pencil, and was attempting to market his idea. Over the course of his inventing career, he would experiment with ideas ranging from writing implements to engine improvements, and household products to sound and optic experiments. He was issued nine U.S. patents and held patents in Great Britain, Australia and Canada. His first patent was issued for improvements to the fountain pen on April 18, 1922, (U.S. patent #1,412,930). This was also the first invention that he successfully sold, to Sheaffer Pen Company in the mid 1930s. In the 1920s, Friedman began his education in real estate and optometry. He would use both of these careers at different points in his life to supplement his income while improving his invention concepts. Although he was working as a realtor in San Francisco, California, the 1930s proved to be his most prolific patenting period, with six of his nine U.S. patents being issued then. One of these patents would prove to be his most successful invention - the flexible drinking straw.
While sitting in his younger brother Albert's fountain parlor, the Varsity Sweet Shop in San Francisco, Friedman observed his young daughter Judith at the counter, struggling to drink out of a straight straw. He took a paper straight straw, inserted a screw and using dental floss, he wrapped the paper into the screw threads, creating corrugations. After removing the screw, the altered paper straw would bend conveniently over the edge of the glass, allowing small children to better reach their beverages. U.S. patent #2,094,268 was issued for this new invention under the title Drinking Tube, on September 28, 1937. Friedman would later file and be issued two additional U.S. patents and three foreign patents in the 1950s relating to its formation and construction. Friedman attempted to sell his straw patent to several existing straw manufacturers beginning in 1937 without success, so after completing his straw machine, he began to produce the straw himself.
The Flexible Straw Corporation was incorporated on April 24, 1939 in California. However, World War II interrupted Friedman's efforts to construct his straw manufacturing machine. During the war, he managed the optometry practice of Arthur Euler, O.D., in Capwells' Department Store in Oakland, California, and continued to sell real estate and insurance to support his growing family. Joseph obtained financial backing for his flexible straw machine from two of his brothers-in-law, Harry Zavin and David Light, as well as from Bert Klein, a family associate. With their financial assistance, and the business advice of his sister Betty, Friedman completed the first flexible straw manufacturing machine in the late 1940s. Although his original concept had come from the observation of his daughter, the flexible straw was initially marketed to hospitals, with the first sale made in 1947.
Betty Friedman played a crucial role in the development of the Flexible Straw Corporation. While still living in Cleveland and working at the Tarbonis Company, she corresponded regularly with her brother and directed all of the sales and distribution of the straw. In 1950 Friedman moved his family and company to Santa Monica, California. Now doing business as the Flex-Straw Co., sales continued to increase and the marketing direction expanded to focus more strongly on the home and child markets. Betty moved west in 1954 to assume her formal leadership role in the corporation. Additional partners and investors were added over time, including Art Shapiro, who was initially solicited as a potential buyer of the patent. On June 20, 1969, the Flexible Straw Corporation sold its United States and foreign patents, United States and Canadian trademarks, and licensing agreements to the Maryland Cup Corporation. The Flexible Straw Corporation dissolved on August 19, 1969.
Dr. Joseph Bernard Friedman died on June 21, 1982. He was survived by his wife of over 50 years, Marjorie Lewis Friedman, his four children Judith, Linda, Pamela and Robert, and seven grandchildren
Separated Materials:
"Straw samples and an original dispensing device (ice cream disher) are located in the Division of Culture and the Arts (now Division of Cultural and Community Life).
A mandrel prototype from the original flexible straw manufacturing machine is held by the Division of Work and Industry."
Provenance:
Daughters Judith B. Rosen, Linda A. Reiss and Pamela B. Leeds, and son Robert A. Friedman donated this collection and its related artifacts to the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History on May 1, 2001.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Manuscript 4800 James O. Dorsey papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Creation of this finding aid was funded through support from the Arcadia Fund.
Digitization and preparation of additional materials for online access has been funded also by the National Science Foundation under BCS Grant No. 1561167 and the Recovering Voices initiative at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
Manuscript 4800 James O. Dorsey papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Creation of this finding aid was funded through support from the Arcadia Fund.
Digitization and preparation of additional materials for online access has been funded also by the National Science Foundation under BCS Grant No. 1561167 and the Recovering Voices initiative at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
Manuscript 4800 James O. Dorsey papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Creation of this finding aid was funded through support from the Arcadia Fund.
Digitization and preparation of additional materials for online access has been funded also by the National Science Foundation under BCS Grant No. 1561167 and the Recovering Voices initiative at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
August 6, 1932
Scope and Contents:
Encloses corrected spellings of Choctaw names. Also includes, "Notes made by Peter J. Hudson on Choctaw Town and Personal Names contained in my Choctaw Bulletin." (1932.) Typescript document (by Swanton.) 1 page.
This subseries of the Notes and writings on special linguistic studies series contains several small files which Harrington compiled while employed as a teacher at Santa Ana High School during the period 1907 to 1909.
One set of notes deals with the origin of children's nicknames. It includes a sheet of instructions which Harrington circulated among other teachers requesting participation in his survey. This is followed by the slips of paper returned to him by students in the 5th through 8th grade, providing their sex, any nicknames, and brief explanations of their derivation. One slip is dated December 14, 1908. There is also an alphabetical slip file which Harrington made of some of the names. An Acoma term is on the reverse side of one of the slips.
A second set of notes labeled "Patronymics" is a file of American surnames arranged into ten categories according to etymology (occupations, towns and estates, nature, and so forth). The similarity of the paper suggests that this file was prepared at about the same time as that on nicknames. There are also an alphabetical list of names--probably a class list--and a note on placenames used as surnames.
John Peabody Harrington papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The preferred citation for the Harrington Papers will reference the actual location within the collection, i.e. Box 172, Alaska/Northwest Coast, Papers of John Peabody Harrington, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
However, as the NAA understands the need to cite phrases or vocabulary on specific pages, a citation referencing the microfilmed papers is acceptable. Please note that the page numbering of the PDF version of the Harrington microfilm does not directly correlate to the analog microfilm frame numbers. If it is necessary to cite the microfilmed papers, please refer to the specific page number of the PDF version, as in: Papers of John Peabody Harrington, Microfilm: MF 7, R34 page 42.
Side 1. Rudyard Kipling reflects on war. A public address, 1932 -- Side 2. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle talks on Sherlock Holmes and spiritualism, 1930. George Bernard Shaw on his ninetieth birthday, 1946. Public addresses.
Local Numbers:
FW-ASCH-LP-0298
Audio Rarities.2460
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
Audio Rarities
General:
Interviews Named Person: Rudyard Kipling; Arthur Conan Doyle, Sir; Bernard Shaw Material Type: Audio book, etc.
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only.
Collection Rights:
Copyright restrictions apply. Contact archives staff for additional information.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Collection Restrictions:
Access by appointment only. Where a listening copy or viewing copy has been created, this is indicated in the respective inventory; additional materials may be accessible with sufficient advance notice and, in some cases, payment of a processing fee. Older papers are housed at a remote location and may require a minimum of three weeks' advance notice and payment of a retrieval fee. Certain formats such as multi-track audio recordings and EIAJ-1 videoreels (1/2 inch) may not be accessible. Contact the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections at 202-633-7322 or rinzlerarchives@si.edu for additional information.
Collection Rights:
Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
Contents: (f.1) List of 58 names of subjects of study with 13 different measurements cited for each. Autograph document. 1 page. (f.2) Table of anthropometric measurements on 58 individuals. Manuscript document. 7 pages. (f.3) Comparative indices of group of 18 Choctaw women and 40 men. Typescript document. 2 pages. (f.4) Standard deviation calculations on Choctaw. Autograph document. 78 pages, 5 index cards, 8 slips. Calculations are separated into three groups of papers: Males, females and both sexes. These calculations and results remain unpublished. (f.5) Adding machine tapes. (f.6) Henry B. Collins, Jr., "Anthropometric Observations on the Choctaw," AJPA, October-December., 1925 (reprint).
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4976
Local Note:
Typescript autograph document
Other Title:
Anthropometric Observations on the Choctaw
Other relationship:
Collins, Henry Bascom, 1899-1987 Photographs of Mississippi Choctaw people 1925.
Volume 1: Cultural notes and grammatical summary, some notes on pronunciation, nouns, pronouns, adverbs, verbs, numerals, particles; some morphological analysis. The Lord's Prayer, as received by G. Reed, with interlineation. A few kin terms and loan words in the vocabulary, which begins in Volume 1 and runs through the remaining volumes. The English-Kekchi vocabulary is not properly alphabetized. In volume 1 there are about 240 entries, A- CURASSON. 73 pages.
Volume 2: CHACHA-POUR OUT, 72 pages, about 700 entries.
Volume 3: PLEASANT-YELLOW, 61 pages. About 525 entries, plus about 75 Kekchi English phrases, plus a few greetings and 1 page of Christian and family names at the end. Dated at the end at Tullahoma, Tennessee, July 8, 1885. H. Landau 8 V11 1969
Festival Recordings: Narrative Stage: Federal Cylinder Project; Native American: Appalachian Ballads
Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Cultural Conservation Program 1985 Washington, D.C. Search this
Collection Creator:
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Extent:
sound tape reel
1 Item (sound-tape reel, analog, 7 in.)
Type:
Archival materials
Place:
United States
Washington (D.C.)
Date:
1985 June 29
Local Numbers:
FP-1985-7RR-0406
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
United States Cultural Conservation Program 1985
Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:
Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 29, 1985.
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.
Collection Rights:
Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1985 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
