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Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

Lectures

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2021-10-25T16:16:41.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_8okAIJxirAk

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2010-11-23T15:30:40.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_eAlRwi9mnwA

Creator:

National Portrait Gallery  Search this

Type:

Conversations and talks

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2023-02-10T19:27:53.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

Topic:

Portraits  Search this

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NatlPortraitGallery

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

YouTube Channel:

NatlPortraitGallery

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_7IEPt55y5LQ

Creator:

National Museum of American History  Search this

Type:

Blog posts

Smithsonian staff publications

Conversations and talks

Blog posts

Published Date:

Wed, 24 May 2023 13:02:01 +0000

Topic:

American History  Search this

See more posts:

Blog Feed

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:posts_2b89dff4ce003ceb9ddaf312d5df014f

Editor:

Salazar-Porzio, Margaret  Search this

Troyano, Joan Fragaszy  Search this

Safranek, Lauren  Search this

Object Type:

Smithsonian staff publication

Year:

2017

Citation:

Salazar-Porzio, Margaret, Troyano, Joan Fragaszy, and Safranek, Lauren, editors. 2017. Many Voices, One Nation: Material Culture Reflections on Race and Migration in the United States. Washington, D.C: Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Press. In Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge.

Identifier:

142947

ISBN:

978-1-944466-09-1

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:slasro_142947

Creator:

Palmer, Edward, 1829-1911  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Cummings, Byron, 1860-1954  Search this

Photographer:

Jackson, William Henry, 1843-1942  Search this

Martin, Charles  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Wisherd, Edwin L., 1900 -1970  Search this

Mearns, Edgar Alexander, 1856-1916  Search this

Haven, O.C.  Search this

Correspondent:

La Gorce, John Oliver, 1880-1959  Search this

Jeançon, Jean Allard  Search this

Johnson, Merritt S.  Search this

Hobler, Philip M.  Search this

Scott, Hugh Lenox, 1853-1934  Search this

Wissler, Clark, 1870-1947  Search this

Wetmore, Alexander, 1886-1978  Search this

McNitt, Frank  Search this

Morris, Earl Halstead, 1889-1956  Search this

Morley, Sylvanus Griswold, 1883-1948  Search this

Nusbaum, Jesse L. (Jesse Logan)  Search this

Nelson, N. C. (Nels Christian), 1875-1964  Search this

O'Bryan, Deric  Search this

Popenoe, Frederick W.  Search this

Pepper, George H. (George Hubbard), 1873-1924  Search this

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Scofield, Carl S.  Search this

Ruppert, Karl  Search this

Shapiro, Harry L. (Harry Lionel), 1902-1990  Search this

Hewett, Edgar L. (Edgar Lee), 1865-1946  Search this

Hodge, Frederick Webb, 1864-1956  Search this

Allen, Glover M.  Search this

Amsden, Monroe  Search this

Bannister, Bryant  Search this

Breazeale, James Frank  Search this

Brew, J. O. (John Otis), 1906-1988  Search this

Colton, Harold Sellers, 1881-1970  Search this

Conant, Kenneth J.  Search this

Coville, Frederick V. (Frederick Vernon), 1867-1937  Search this

Danson, Beatrice  Search this

Dodge, Richard E.  Search this

Grosvenor, Gilbert H.  Search this

Author:

Walsh, Oscar B.  Search this

Ruppert, Karl  Search this

Blom, Frans  Search this

Marye, William Bose, 1886-1979  Search this

Extent:

18 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Paragonah -- Utah -- archeology

Rainbow Natural Bridge

North Carolina -- Archeology

San Juan County (Utah) -- Archeology

Viriginia -- Archeology

New Mexico -- Archeology

Utah -- Archeology

Walhalla Plateau -- Arizona -- archeology

Delaware -- Archeology

Maryland -- Archeology

Arizona -- Archeology

Chaco Canyon (N.M.) -- Archeology

Date:

circa 1870- circa 1980

bulk 1907-1931

Summary:

The papers of Neil Merton Judd, archeologist and curator in the Smithsonian Institution United States National Museum, were deposited in the National Anthropological Archives at various times during the 1960's and 1970's. Much of Judd's own material was produced as part of his official duties and lie within the public domain. The collection occupies fourteen linear feet of shelf space.

Scope and Contents:

These papers reflect the professional life of Neil Merton Judd (1887-1976), archeologist and curator in the former United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Included are diaries of expeditions, correspondence, field notes, notes, financial records, copies of historical documents, maps, drawings, photographs, and other documents that cover the period from the 1870s to the 1970s. Most of the material, however, is dated between 1907 and 1965.

Of primary concern is Judd's archeological work in Arizona, New Mexico, and Utah, especially at Pueblo Bonito and other sites in the area of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, which he carried out for the National Geographic Society between 1920 and 1927. Appreciable material concerns the so-called Beam expeditions of 1923, 1928, and 1929 to locate study of tree-rings. Other documents relate to Judd's work in San Juan country, Utah; at Paragonah and other sites in southern Utah; and on the Walhalla Plateau in Arizona. Some correspondences, which Judd carried on with William B. Marye between 1932 and 1949, concern Indian bridges in Maryland and nearby states.

Several other expeditions of which Judd was a member are documented among the papers solely or primarily through photographs. There is little material that reflects Judd's personal life, daily curatorial duties at the United States National Museum, work at Rito de los Frijoles with Edgar L. Hewett in 1910, expedition to Guatemala in 1914, or aerial surveys of old canals in Arizona during the 1929-30.

Among correspondents whose letters are included among the papers are Glover M. Allen, Monroe Amsden, Bryant Bannister, James F. Breazeale, Harold S. Colton, Kenneth J. Conant, Fredrick V. Coville, Richard E. Dodge, Harold S. Gladwin, Gilbert Grosvernor, Edgar L. Hewett, Frederick Webb Hodge, William H. Jackson, Jean A. Jeancon, John O. La Gorce, Frank McNitt, Sylvanus G. Morley, Earl H. Morris, Nels C. Nelson, Jesse L. Nusbaum, Deric O'Bryan, George H. Pepper, Frederick Wilson Popenoe, Frank H. H. Roberts, Karl Ruppert, Carl S. Scofield, Hugh L. Scott, Harry L. Shapiro, Anna O. Shepard, Alfred M. Tozzer, and Clark Wissler. In addition to his own material, Judd also acquired some material from members of his expeditions, especially from Frans Blom, Karl Ruppert, and Oscar B. Walsh. He also collected historical documents and photographs. Among these are copies of documents relating to southwestern archeological explorations of the naturalist Edward Palmer. He also acquired photographs by Walter Hough made in Arizona between 1904 and 1920., photographs taken on the Hyde Exploring Expedition to Chaco Canyon, and miscellaneous photographs made on expeditions of William H. Jackson, Edgar A. Mearns, and others.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

To a degree, the arrangement of the collection is Judd's own. The series titles in quotation marks are Judd's own.

"Pueblo Bonito File"

Chaco Canyon Notes, Notebooks, and Note Cards

Material Relating to Judd's Bureau of American Ethnology Expeditions between 1915 and 1920

"Utah File"

Material Concerning Edward Palmer

Correspondence with William B. Marye

Miscellaneous Correspondence

Manuscripts of Writings

Miscellany

Cartographic Material

Artwork and Photographic Enlargements

Photographs

Biographical Note:

Note: Biographical data and a bibliography of Judd's writings are in the series of miscellany among his papers. For an obituary, see Waldo R. Wedel, "Neil Merton Judd, 1887-1976." American Antiquity, volume 43, number 3 (July 1978), pages 399-404, and J. O. Brew, "Neil Merton Judd, 1887-1976." American Anthropologist, volume 80, number 2 (June 1978), pages 352-54. An obituary prepared by Judd is among the papers.

October 27, 1887 -- Born in Cedar Rapids, Nebraska

1907-08 -- Public school teacher in Utah

1907 -- Student archeologist on Byron Cummings' reconnaissance of White Canyon, Utah

1908 -- Student archeologist on Cummings' reconnaissance of Montezuma Canyon, Utah, and Segi Valley, Arizona.

1909 -- Student archeologist on Cummings' reconnaissance of Segi Valley, Arizona, and the Cummings- Douglass expedition to Rainbow Natural Bridge.

1910 -- Student assistant to Edgar L. Hewett on the Archeological Institute of America's expedition to El Rito del los Frijoles, New Mexico

1911 -- Bachelor of Arts, University of Utah

1911-1917 -- Aid, Division of Ethnology, United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution

1913 -- Master of Arts, George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

1914 -- Member, Archeological Institute's Fourth Quirigua Expedition to Guatemala; supervised the fabrication of a reproduction model of ruins for the Pacific-California International Exposition, San Diego

1915 -- Archeological reconnaissance of Indian mounds in and near Willard, Beaver City, Paragonah, St. George, Kanab, and Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, and "Spanish Diggings" flint quarries in Wyoming for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1916 -- Reconnaissance and excavations of Indian mounds near Paragonah and in Willard County, Utah, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1916-18 -- Treasurer, American Anthropological Association

1917 -- Director, project for partial restoration of Betatakin ruin, Arizona, for the United States Department of the Interior, and the excavations at Paragonah, Utah, for the Smithsonian and University of Utah

1918 -- Archeological reconnaissance of the Walhalla Plateau, Arizona, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1918-19 -- Assistant Curator, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum

1919 -- Archeological investigations in Cottonwood Canyon, Utah, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1919-30 -- Curator, American Archeology, Division of Archeology, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum

1920 -- Archeological investigations at Toroweap Valley, Mt. Trumbull, Pariah Plateau, House Rock Valley, Bright Angel Creak, Cottonwood Canyon, and Kanab Creek in Utah and Arizona for the Bureau of American Ethnology and reconnaissance of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, for the National Geographic Society

1920-23 -- Vice President, Anthropological Society of Washington

1921-27 -- Investigations of Pueblo Bonito and nearby ruins in New Mexico for the National Geographic Society

1923 -- Led first Beam expedition to sites in Arizona, New Mexico, and Colorado, and carried out explorations in San Juan County, Utah, for the Smithsonian Institution and the National Geographic Society

1925-27 -- Member, Board of Managers, Washington Academy of Science, and President, Anthropological Society of Washington

1925-28 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council

1926 -- Archeological Observations North of the Rio Colorado, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 82, 1926

1927-36 -- Trustee, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico

1928 -- Investigations of Indian burials in rock shelter, Wolf Creek, Russell County, Kentucky, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1929 -- Led Third Beam Expedition to sites in Arizona for the National Geographic Society and reconnaissance of the prehistoric canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1930 -- Aerial surveys of ancient canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys for the Bureau of American Ethnology and the United States Department of War

1930-49 -- Curator, Archeology, United States National Museum

1931 -- Investigations on the Natanes Plateau, Arizona, for the Bureau of American Ethnology

1931-32 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council (second time)

1935 -- Smithsonian Institution's delegate to the second assembly, Pan-American Institute of Geography and History

1936-48 -- Advisory Board, Laboratory of Anthropology, Santa Fe, New Mexico

1937-39 -- Member, Division of Anthropology and Psychology, National Research Council (third time)

1938 -- Married Anne Sarah MacKay

1938-40 -- Member, Board of Managers, Washington Academy of Science

1939 -- President, Society for American Archaeology, and Vice President and Chairman, Section H, American Association for the Advancement of Science

1945 -- President, American Anthropological Association

December 31, 1949 -- Retired from the staff of the United States National Museum

January 1, 1950 -- Honorary Associate in Anthropology of the Smithsonian Institution

1953 -- Awarded the Franklin L. Burr Award of the National Geographic Society

1954 -- The Material Culture of Pueblo Bonito, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 125

1958 -- Awarded Certificate of Award of the Smithsonian Institution

1959 -- Pueblo Del Arroyo, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 138, number 1

1962 -- Awarded the Franklin L. Burr Award of the National Geographic Society (second time)

1964 -- The Architecture of Pueblo Bonito, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections, volume 147, number 1

1965 -- Awarded the Alfred Vincent Kidder Award of the American Anthropological Association

1966 -- Awarded Special Award of the United States Department of the Interior

1967 -- The Bureau of American Ethnology: A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press

1968 -- Men met along the Trail: Adventures in Archeology, University of Oklahoma Press

December 19, 1976 -- Died

Related Materials:

Additional material in the National Anthropological Archives that relates to Judd can be found among the correspondence files of the Bureau of American Ethnology; files of the Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum, especially those of the Division of Archeology; papers of Frank H.H. Roberts; papers of William B. Marye; American Antiquities permits records of the Anthropological Society of Washington; papers of John P. Harrington; papers of Frank M. Setzler; papers of Henry B. Collins; and records of the American Anthropological Association. Additional photographs that relate to the expeditions of which Judd was a member are in the cataloged and the uncataloged photographs. For example, negatives and other photographic material of the aerial surveys of ancient canals in the Gila River and Salt River valleys in Arizona are NAA photographic lot 3.

Restrictions:

The Neil Merton Judd papers are open for research.

Access to the Neil Merton Judd papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Shell heaps  Search this

Dendrochronology  Search this

Bridges -- American Indian  Search this

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Citation:

Neil Merton Judd papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1973-48

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f428d6cb-9985-4deb-9ccd-494ddce47aed

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1973-48

Creator:

Gibson, Gordon D. (Gordon Davis), 1915-2007  Search this

Names:

Center for the Study of Man (Smithsonian Institution)  Search this

Lewis, Kepler-Morden African Expedition  Search this

National Anthropological Film Center (U.S.)  Search this

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Museum of Man  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Expedition to Madagascar -- 1962  Search this

Estermann, Carlos  Search this

Lomax, Alan, 1915-2002  Search this

Marshall, Lawrence Kennedy, 1898-1980  Search this

Mohun, Richard Dorsey  Search this

Perry, Matthew Calbraith, 1794-1858  Search this

Reining, Priscilla  Search this

Taunt, Emory H.  Search this

Tisdel, Willard P.  Search this

Verner, Samuel Phillips, 1873-1943  Search this

Ward, Herbert, 1863-1919  Search this

Correspondent:

Adams, Robert McCormick (Americanist)  Search this

Bohannan, Paul James  Search this

Cavendish, Marian W.  Search this

Dibble, Charles  Search this

Doyle, David W.  Search this

Fenkykovi, J.J.  Search this

Gill, Lunda Hoyle  Search this

Hartley, G.W.  Search this

Mead, Margaret, 1901-1978  Search this

O'Bryan, Deric  Search this

Robbins, Warren M.  Search this

Stanley, Jo Ann T.  Search this

Stone, Janet  Search this

Summers, Roger  Search this

Tax, Sol, 1907-1995  Search this

Thieme, Darius and Mimi  Search this

Trousdale, William  Search this

Turnbull, Colin  Search this

Wagley, Charles, 1913-1991  Search this

Wentzel, Volkmar Kurt, 1915-2006  Search this

Photographer:

Duggan-Cronin, A. M. (Alfred Martin), 1874-  Search this

Friedmann, Herbert, 1900-1987  Search this

Lewis, Ralph Kepler  Search this

Wentzel, Volkmar Kurt, 1915-2006  Search this

Extent:

95 Linear feet (154 document boxes, 1 manuscript folder, 63 card file boxes, 1 oversize box, plus 64 microfilm reels, 137 sound recordings, 3 map folders, and 3 sets of rolled maps )

Culture:

Kuba  Search this

Bayei (African people)  Search this

Bushmen  Search this

Kuvale (African people)  Search this

Mbundu (African people)  Search this

Mbandieru (African people)  Search this

Keyu  Search this

Kongo (African people)  Search this

Herero (African people)  Search this

Himba (African people)  Search this

Hakawona  Search this

Diriku (African people)  Search this

Turkana  Search this

Tchavikwa  Search this

Suk (African people)  Search this

Suk  Search this

Ovambo (African people)  Search this

Nzima (African people)  Search this

Nyaneka (African people)  Search this

Ndongona (African people)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Namibia

Botswana

Angola

Date:

1936-2007

Summary:

This collection is comprised of the professional papers of Gordon D. Gibson. The collection contains his correspondence, field notes, research files, museum records, writings, photographs, sound recordings, and maps.The bulk of the collection consists of Gibson's southwestern Africa research. This includes his field notes, film scripts, photographs, sound recordings, and grant proposals he wrote in support of his fieldwork in Botswana, Namibia, and Angola. In addition, the collection contains his research notes, maps, drafts, publications, and papers presented at conferences. While most of his research focused on the Herero and Himba, the collection also contains his research on the Ovambo and Okavango and other southwestern African groups. In the collection is a great deal of photocopies and microfilms of literature on southwestern African ethnic groups, many of which are in Portuguese and German and which he had translated for his files. He was also interested in African material culture, especially Central African headgear. His research on African caps is well-represented in the collection, and includes photos of caps at various museums, source materials, research notes, and textile samples of knots and loop work. Gibson's files as the curator of African ethnology at the National Museum of Natural History also make up a significant portion of the collection. Among these records are his files for the museum's Hall of African Cultures and other African exhibits; his files on the museum's African collections, early donors and collectors of the collections; his personnel files; documents relating to his committee work; department and museum memos; meeting minutes; and his records as head of the Old World Division and acting chair of the department. The collection also documents the efforts to establish the Smithsonian's National Anthropological Film Center, now the Human Studies Film Archives, as well as his work on the planning committee to establish the Museum of Man at the Smithsonian. Memos and minutes relating to the Smithsonian's Center for the Study of Man are also present in the collection. In addition to Gibson's field photos, the collection also contains African photos taken by others. Among these are Herbert Friedmann's photos of Kenya; Hausmann's Libya photos; photos by Ralph Kepler Lewis during the Morden Africa Expedition in Kenya; and photos by Lawrence Marshall, Volkmar Wentzel, Alfred Martin Duggan Cronin, and Father Carlos Estermann. There are also photos of the exhibit cases from the Hall of African Cultures; photos of Smithsonian and non-Smithsonian African artifacts; and copies of photographs he obtained from different archives, including the National Anthropological Archives. Other materials in the collection include his files as film reviews editor for the American Anthropologist during the 1960s and 70s and his activities in different organizations.

Arrangement:

Arranged into 19 series: (1) Correspondence, 1938-1998; (2) Southwestern Africa Research, 1951-2004; (3) Caps Research; (4) Nineteenth Century Collectors; (5) General Research Files; (6) Exhibits, 1959-2007; (7) Curatorial Files, 1936-1984; (8) National Anthropological Film Center, 1965-1983; (9) Museum of Man, 1952-1981 [bulk 1968-1981]; (10) Center for the Study of Man (1967-1979); (11) Writings, 1947-1981; (12) Organizations; (13) Daily Log, 1958-1983; (14) Personal Files ; (15) Card Files; (16) Photographs, circa 1904-1983 [bulk 1953-1983]; (17) Microfilm; (18) Maps; (19) Sound Recordings

Biographical Note:

Gordon D. Gibson (1915-2007) was trained at the University of Chicago (Ph.D., 1952) and joined the staff of the Smithsonian's Department of Anthropology in 1958 as its curator of African ethnology. He served in that capacity until 1983. During the 1960s, he undertook a major renovation of the National Museum of Natural History's African exhibits, which had been on display since the 1920s. He developed the Hall of African Cultures, which opened in 1969 and remained on view until 1992. He was also instrumental in establishing the National Anthropological Film Center, now the Human Studies Film Archives. During his tenure, he also served as the first chairman of the Senate of Scientists of the National Museum of Natural History (1963-1964), chairman of the museum's photographic facilities committee (1968), member of the Center for the Study of Man, and member and chairman of the Department of Anthropology collections committee and its photographs records committee (1970s-1980s). He also had special interests in the department's library and processing lab. In 1980, he was chairman of a committee which studied the feasibility of establishing a Smithsonian Institution Museum of Man. Gibson held several offices and committee memberships with the Anthropological Society of Washington during the during the 1960s and 1970s and served as film review editor of the American Anthropologist. Gibson conducted fieldwork among the Herero and Himba in Botswana (1953, 1960-61), Namibia (1960-61, 1971-73), and Angola (1971-73). Articles produced from his field research include "Bridewealth and Other Forms of Exchange Among the Herero," "Double Descent and Its Correlates among the Herero of Ngamiland," "Herero Marriage," and "Himba Epochs." While in the field, he also filmed footage of the Herero, Himba, Zimba, and Kuvale. His edited films include Herero of Ngamiland (1953), Himba Wedding (1969), and The Himba (1972). In addition to the Herero and Himba, he also conducted research on the Okavango and Ovambo people. He edited and translated Carlos Estermann's Ethnography of Southwestern Angola (published in 3 volumes in 1976-81) and edited and contributed to The Kavango Peoples (1981). Gibson's research interests also included Central African headgear, coauthoring High Status Caps of the Kongo and Mbundu (1977) with Cecilia R. McGurk.

Related Materials:

Other materials relating to Gordon Gibson at the National Anthropological Archives can be found in the Records of the Department of Anthropology, Records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, and the Records of the American Anthropological Association.

The Human Studies Film Archives holds his films on the Herero, Himba, Kuvale, and Zimba.

The Smithsonian Institution Archives has materials relating to Gibson's work as the first chairman of the Senate of Scientists.

Provenance:

The papers of Gordon D. Gibson were received in three separate accessions. The first accession (comprised of correspondence; committee files; and materials relating to the Herbert Ward collection, the National Anthropological Film Center, the Center for the Study of Man, and the Museum of Man) was transferred to the National Anthropological Archives by Gibson after his retirement. A guide to this accession was created in 2001. An accretion (consisting of correspondence, fieldwork and research files, curatorial files, writings, photographs, sound recordings, and maps) was transferred to the archives by Gibson's family in 2007. His exhibition and museum specimen files were transferred to the archives in 2008 by the Department of Anthropology.

Restrictions:

The Gordon Davis Gibson papers are open for research. Access to the computer disks in the collection are restricted due to preservation concerns. The personnel files of Smithsonian staff have also been restricted.

Access to the Gordon Davis Gibson papers requires an appointment.

Topic:

Africa -- Ethnology  Search this

American Anthropologist -- film editor  Search this

Headwear -- Africa, Central  Search this

Exhibitions -- National Museum of Natural History  Search this

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Citation:

Gordon Davis Gibson papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1984-13

See more items in:

Gordon Davis Gibson papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw379619042-2f6c-46c7-8819-45a504628089

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1984-13

Collector:

Leonard, Eugene O.  Search this

Publisher:

Albertype Co.  Search this

Cardinell-Vincent Co.  Search this

Detroit Photographic Co.  Search this

Detroit Publishing Co.  Search this

H.G. Zimmerman & Co.  Search this

J.L. Robbins Co.  Search this

Newman Postcard Co.  Search this

The Rotograph Co.  Search this

Union Pacific Railroad Company  Search this

Van Ornum Colorprint Co.  Search this

Andrews, Wesley  Search this

Mitchell, Edward H.  Search this

Tammen, Harry Heye, 1856-1924  Search this

Thayer, Frank S.  Search this

Photographer:

Bennett's Lightning Portraits  Search this

Eastman Kodak Company  Search this

Hedum and Bishop  Search this

Newcomb Bros.  Search this

Rodgers and Newing  Search this

Todd Photograhic Co.  Search this

William L. Koehne Studio  Search this

Ahuja, D. A.  Search this

Cobb, George N.  Search this

Gifford, Benjamin A.  Search this

Haynes, F. Jay (Frank Jay), 1853-1921  Search this

Jackson, William Henry, 1843-1942  Search this

McEvoy, J. J.  Search this

Rise, Carl H., 1888-1939  Search this

Rothrock, George H.  Search this

Savage, C. R. (Charles Roscoe), 1832-1909  Search this

Vroman, A. C. (Adam Clark), 1856-1916  Search this

Weitfle, Charles, 1836-1921  Search this

Wrensted, Benedicte, 1859-1949  Search this

Names:

United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs. Fort Hall Agency  Search this

Leonard, Robert M. (photo album compiler and donor)  Search this

Extent:

4 Glass positives

6 Prints and postcards (photogravure)

1 Tintype

100 Negatives (photographic) (circa, glass)

220 Copy prints (circa)

9 Prints and postcards (cyanotype)

99 Items (99 photomechanical prints and postcards, halftone, color halftone, collotype, photgravure)

1000 Negatives (photographic) (circa, nitrate)

734 Photographic prints (circa, silver gelatin, albumen, and platinum (including photographic postcards and cabinet cards))

Culture:

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Indians of North America -- Great Basin  Search this

Hopi Pueblo  Search this

Bannock  Search this

Shoshone  Search this

Niimíipuu (Nez Perce)  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Tewa Pueblos  Search this

Indians of North America -- Plateau  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Glass positives

Prints and postcards

Tintypes

Negatives (photographic)

Copy prints

Photographic prints

Postcards

Photographs

Place:

Soda Springs (Idaho)

Yellowstone National Park

Fort Hall Indian Reservation (Idaho)

Pocatello (Idaho)

Shoshone Falls (Idaho)

Date:

circa 1880-1920

Scope and Contents note:

Unbound album pages (labeled A through Q) with photographs documenting the people and culture of the Pocatello-Fort Hall area, including Native Americanss (particularly Shoshone-Bannock tribes), agency employees, and missionaries. Included are images of encampments, Sun Dance ceremonies, the Fort Hall Agency, Indian schools and churches, the Run for Fort Hall Lands on June 17, 1902, the War Bonnett Roundup at Idaho Falls, Shoshone Falls and other natural features and landscapes, a large number of street and aerial views of Pocatello, A. L. Cook's drug store in Pocatello, and members of the Cook family. In addition, there are photographs of Nez Perce, Hopi, San Juan, and Navaho Indians, and one image of the Lapps Indians at Port Townsend, Washington. A large number of the photographs were made by Benedicte Wrensted.

The albums were compiled by Robert Leonard, Eugene O. Leonard's son, who also made copy prints of many of the photographs and negatives. They include flyers, newspapers, envelopes, and other scraps collected by Leonard.

Biographical/Historical note:

Eugene O. Leonard (1884-1964) moved to Pocatello, Idaho, in 1893 to live with his aunt, the widow of A. L. Cook and owner of the Cook building and drugstore. Leonard attended Weiser College and Academy (now College of Idaho), Whitman College, and Northwestern University. He acquired degrees in phamacy and pharmaceutical chemistry from Northwestern University, and a degree in assaying studies from the Chicago College of Chemistry. After graduation from the College in 1908, Leonard returned to Pocatello to manage the Cook Drug Store until 1918. He worked as Pocatello City Chemist and set up the College of Pharmacy at Idaho State College, where he also taught and served as dean (1918-1954). In the 1930s, Leonard obtained a MS and PhD from Utah State University. Possibly encouraged by his collector aunt, Leonard established a collection of Native material culture objects and documentations, including artifacts and these photograhs, based on his interest in the Shoshoni and Bannock tribes at nearby Fort Hall.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 92-3

Location of Other Archival Materials:

The Idaho Museum of Natural History at Idaho State University holds artifacts collected by Eugene O. Leonard.

The Bannock County Historical Museum in Pocatello holds the Leonard Family Papers, 1893-1917.

Restrictions:

Original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing. Many have associated prints.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Pharmacy  Search this

Sun Dance  Search this

Schools  Search this

Camps  Search this

Dance  Search this

Genre/Form:

Postcards

Photographs

Citation:

Photo Lot 92-3, Eugene O. Leonard photograph collection relating to Pocatello and Fort Hall, Idaho, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.92-3

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw394251ebd-92a7-490d-9df2-30dbe642b024

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-92-3

Creator:

Hatcher, J. B. (John Bell), 1861-1904  Search this

Extent:

22 Prints (silver gelatin and albumen; mounted)

Culture:

Tehuelche  Search this

Yámana (Yagán/Yahgan)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Photographs

Place:

Patagonia (Argentina and Chile)

Date:

1896-1899

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs made in Patagonia by John Bell Hatcher during his expeditions to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. They document Tehuelche and Yahgan peoples, dwellings, and the natural environment.

Biographical/Historical note:

John Bell Hatcher (1861-1904) was a paleontologist known for his work at Yale and Princeton Universities and the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh. Hatcher was born in Cooperstown, Illinois, but shortly thereafter his family permanently settled in Iowa. After studying for a few months at Grinnell College, Iowa, he transferred to Yale University, where he met paleontologist Othniel Marsh. Following Hatcher's graduation in 1884, he worked as Marsh's assistant, and in 1893 left Yale to became curator of vertebrate paleontology at Princeton University. During his time with Princeton, Hatcher made three expeditions to Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego (1896-1899) under the university's sponsorship. During these expedtitions, he also worked under commission by the Bureau of American Ethnology to collect material culture and make photographs of the Tehuelche and Yahgan communities, most of which were then purchased by the National Museum. Hatcher was appointed curator of peolontology and osteology at the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh in 1900, though his narrative of the Patagonia expeditions was published by Princeton in 1903.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 124

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional Hatcher photographs held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 14, Photo Lot 24 and Photo Lot 97

Correspondence to and from Hatcher is held in National Anthropological Archives MS 4029 and the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology and in the Smithsonian Institution Archives in SIA RU000248.

Artifacts collected by Hatcher are held in the Department of Anthropology collections in accessions 035249 and 035895.

See others in:

John Bell Hatcher photographs relating to Patagonia, circa 1896-1899

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Dwellings  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo lot 124, John Bell Hatcher photographs relating to Patagonia, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.124

See more items in:

John Bell Hatcher photographs relating to Patagonia

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3b0c67a19-ec0a-40ea-a067-dd772087cdd8

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-124

Materials:

Plastic, Paint, Aluminum Alloy, Copper Alloy, Iron Alloy, Decal Paper and Adhesive

Dimensions:

Model: 7.5 × 8 × 7.5 in., 1/2lb. (19.1cm × 20.3cm × 19.1cm, 0.2kg)

Other (weight with stand): 1lb. (0.5kg)

Type:

MODELS-Crewed Spacecraft & Parts

Country of Origin:

United States of America

Credit Line:

Gift of Walter Lister, Producer, CBS News

Inventory Number:

A20090208000

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Location:

National Air and Space Museum in Washington, DC

Exhibition:

Destination Moon

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv94a50e954-9d0d-4d7a-a219-9dff9cd3f062

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A20090208000

Creator:

Prown, Jules David, 1930-  Search this

Subject:

West, Benjamin  Search this

Copley, John Singleton  Search this

Type:

Photographs

Citation:

Jules David Prown research material on artists, 1935-2018, bulk 1958-1975. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Art -- Study and teaching  Search this

Theme:

Research and writing about art  Search this

Record number:

(DSI-AAA_CollID)6038

(DSI-AAA_SIRISBib)239353

AAA_collcode_prowjule

Theme:

Research and writing about art

Data Source:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:AAADCD_coll_239353

Collection Photographer:

James, George Wharton  Search this

Cook, W. A.  Search this

Chapman, John W. (John Wight), 1858-1939  Search this

Chandlee, W. E.  Search this

Collins, Henry B. (Henry Bascom), 1899-1987  Search this

Carbonell, Jose  Search this

Brown, S. C.  Search this

Abbott, William Louis, 1860-1936  Search this

Archer, William Andrew  Search this

Bartleman, Richard M.  Search this

Boleter, Frank M.  Search this

Dinwiddie, William, 1867-1934  Search this

Moorhouse, Lee, 1850-1926  Search this

Gilfillan, J. A. (Joseph Alexander), 1838-1913  Search this

Gatschet, Albert S. (Albert Samuel), 1832-1907  Search this

Hillers, John K., 1843-1925  Search this

Jackson, William Henry, 1843-1942  Search this

Ward, Fanny B.  Search this

Worcester, Dean Conant  Search this

Wittick, Ben, 1845-1903  Search this

Russell Brothers  Search this

Niblack, Albert P. (Albert Parker), 1859-1929  Search this

Pilsudski, Bronislaw  Search this

Rice, Arthur P.  Search this

Robertson, Mrs. T. C.  Search this

Raven, Henry Cushier, 1889-1944  Search this

Sigourney, W. S.  Search this

Spencer, S. A.  Search this

Holmes, William Henry, 1846-1933  Search this

Doty, Charles Edward, 1862-1921  Search this

Miller, E. Y.  Search this

Matteson, Sumner W., 1867-1920  Search this

Mindeleff, Cosmos, 1863-  Search this

Miller, Hugo H.  Search this

Turner, Lucien M. (Lucien McShan)  Search this

Moore, Riley Dunning, 1883-  Search this

Moros, E.  Search this

Collection Correspondent:

Jacobs, Melville  Search this

Cooper, John M. (John Montgomery), 1881-1949  Search this

Boas, Franz, 1858-1942  Search this

Clark, Charles Upson, 1875-1960  Search this

Carmichael, Leonard, 1898-1973  Search this

Cambiaso, R. D.  Search this

Brown, O. M.  Search this

Briggs, C. F.  Search this

Abbot, Charles G.  Search this

Archer, William Andrew  Search this

Barry, J. Neilson (John Neilson), 1870-1961  Search this

Beckwith, Frank  Search this

Blumentritt, Ferdinand  Search this

Boekelman, H. J.  Search this

Costells, J. Martinez  Search this

Booy, Theodore de  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Cressman, Luther S., 1897-1994  Search this

Ewers, John C. (John Canfield), 1909-1997  Search this

Felts, Wayne M.  Search this

Drierden, J. E.  Search this

Franco, Jose L.  Search this

Harding, H. T.  Search this

Harris, J. R.  Search this

Granberry, Julian  Search this

Higgins, B. B.  Search this

Setzler, Frank M. (Frank Maryl), 1902-1975  Search this

Kroeber, A. L. (Alfred Louis), 1876-1960  Search this

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Densmore, Frances, 1867-1957  Search this

Thomas, E. H.  Search this

Stern, T. B.  Search this

Spinden, Herbert J.  Search this

Waterman, T. T. (Thomas Talbot), 1885-1936  Search this

Wetmore, Alexander, 1886-1978  Search this

Weltfish, Gene, 1902-1980  Search this

Wright, L. S.  Search this

Nelson, N. C. (Nels Christian), 1875-1964  Search this

Nicholson, Grace, -1948  Search this

Putnam, F. W. (Frederic Ward), 1839-1915  Search this

Packard, E. L.  Search this

Palm, Erwin W.  Search this

Parkes, George A.  Search this

Sexton, Charles E.  Search this

Fewkes, Jesse Walter, 1850-1930  Search this

Skinner, H. D.  Search this

Langille, W. A.  Search this

Laudermilk, J. D.  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Lashmitt, Ivan de  Search this

Mason, Otis Tufton, 1838-1908  Search this

Lawrence, Donald B.  Search this

Folkmar, Daniel, 1861-1932  Search this

Moberg, Gosta  Search this

Stewart, T. D. (Thomas Dale), 1901-1997  Search this

Collection Creator:

Krieger, Herbert W. (Herbert William), 1889-1970  Search this

Collection Author:

Waterman, T. T. (Thomas Talbot), 1885-1936  Search this

Container:

Box 23

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Citation:

Herbert William Krieger papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Herbert William Krieger papers

Herbert William Krieger papers / Series 11: PRINTED, PROCESSED, AND EXTRACTED MATERIAL

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw37439d6b8-4c6f-4ada-8254-f5fe217c9820

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0171-ref660

Collector:

Major John W. Powell  Search this

Donor Name:

Victor J. Evans  Search this

Culture:

Ute (Nuche)  Search this

Paiute, Southern, Kaibab  Search this

Object Type:

Dress

Place:

Not Given, Colorado / Utah, United States, North America

Accession Date:

20 Mar 1931

Topic:

Ethnology  Search this

Accession Number:

113605

USNM Number:

E357541-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/34fe4fe76-240f-4bde-8fed-1470daae1070

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8404130

Creator:

Maertz, J.F., Department Store (Milwaukee, Wis.).  Search this

Stanley-Brown, Joseph, 1858-1941  Search this

Keystone View Company  Search this

Rau, William H.  Search this

Extent:

8 Cubic feet ((29 boxes))

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Stereographs

Lantern slides

Place:

Milwaukee (Wis.)

California

Date:

1887-1930

bulk 1900-1930

Summary:

Collection consists of lantern slides and stereographs produced by several companies: Keystone View Company, Better America Lecture Service, Incorporated, American Press Association, J. Stanley-Brown, William H. Rau, and J. F. Maertz Department Store. The lantern slides were primarily intended to be used for educational presentations about the United States, other countries, history, and society. Many of the slides and stereographs are accompanied by descriptive text and in some instances by small cards--one card for each slide--and in other instances directly on the back of a stereoview. The majority of images were taken from 1900 to 1930.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of lantern slides and stereographs primarily designed for use in audio-visual educational presentations about the United States, other countries, history, and society. Many of the slides and stereographs are accompanied by descriptive text. In some instances on small cards--one card for each slide-- and in other instances printed directly on the back of a stereoview. A few of the lantern slides, particularly the ones of the J. F. Maertz Department Store of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, are advertisements for consumer products. The majority were taken from 1890 through 1930. While the collection as a whole is in good general condition, some lantern slides, stereographs, and text cards are missing, and some of the lantern slides are cracked.

The collection will appeal to researchers examining the course of nineteenth-century social history broadly, especially how lantern slides were marketed to educators to teach geography, social studies, science, history and reading. The lantern slides as artifacts will be of interest to those who study material culture.

Series 1, Keystone View Company Lantern Slides and Stereographs, undated, is divided into seven subseries: Subseries 1, #1-#600, undated; Subseries 2, H-1 to H-300; Subseries 3, Biblical, undated; Subseries 4, Santa Barbara, California, undated; Subseries 5, Roads, undated; and Subseries 6, Miscellaneous, undated.

The series depicts scenes from around the United States and the rest of the world. Each image is intended to be characteristic of its location and in most cases is accompanied by a text card that describes the scene and gives the geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) of the location. Many of the glass lantern slides have corresponding stereoviews and in these instances two box numbers are given.

Subseries 1, #1-#600, undated, is arranged in order by the numbers on the image. Views #1-261 are arranged in a rough geographic order beginning in Maine and proceeding down the Atlantic Coast, through the former Confederate states, into the Midwest and Plains states, the mountain West states and the West coast, and ending in the territories of Alaska and Hawaii and the Panama Canal. Views #262-346 begin in eastern Canada, proceed across Canada and move through Mexico and Central America into the Caribbean, thence the length of South America and the Antarctic. Views #347-554 begin in the British Isles and move through Northern and Southern Europe and into Central Europe and then Russia, the Middle East, South Asia, and the Far East. Views #556-592 begin in North Africa and cover the length of the continent and a few areas in the Pacific. The series concludes with views of several planets, President McKinley reviewing Civil War heroes (1899), and the work of a Mexican artist (1900).

Subseries 2, H-1 to H-300, undated, is arranged in order by the numbers on the image. H-1 to H-258 depict scenes and sites of American history beginning with several images of indigenous peoples and proceeding, roughly chronologically, through major events and locations to about 1925. Images H-259 to H-300 document a range of localities and activities across the country in the mid-1920s, including major buildings in Washington, D.C., industrial activities, and modern agricultural practices.

Subseries 3, Biblical, undated, shows religious art works and rural scenes.

Subseries 4, Santa Barbara, California, undated, contains two images. One is pastoral with a Franscican friar, the other a fountain.

Subseries 5, Roads, undated, includes three images of roads, one with a person on horseback, the other two depicting wagons.

Subseries 6, Miscellaneous, undated, contains lithoprint stereographs, each with a short description, depicting scenes such as landmarks in the United States; news events in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries; warfare; domestic scenes and scenes of foreign countries.

Series 2, Hillis Better America Lecture Service lantern slides, undated, is divided into 12 subseries: Subseries 1, Ability Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 2, Bolshevism Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 3, Builders Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 4, Equality Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 5, Fathers Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 7, General Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 8, Poverty Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 9, Property Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 10, Republic Lecture Slides, undated; Subseries 11, Socialism Lecture Slides, undated; and Subseries 12, Miscellaneous Lecture Slides, undated.

This series consists of lantern slides produced by Newell Dwight Hillis' Better America Lecture Service Incorporated. Newell Dwight Hillis (1858-1929), was a noted clergyman, lecturer and author. The Better American Lecture Service sought to make better Americans and to inspire greater loyalty to American institutions. Better America Lecture Service rented the lecture manuscript and slides to churches, societies, schools, and patriotic organizations. Slides were sent in a tin box and contained suggestions for publicity arrangements. (Nevada Educational Bulletin, December 1920).

Hillis published more than twenty volumes including collections of his sermons, inspirational works, and a novel. In addition, many of Hillis addresses were published and distributed as pamphlets. The slides were intended to be used for lectures on subjects such as socialism and equality. The slides generally consist of text, drawings, images of persons, paintings, and landscapes. A few slides in each set are missing, and there is no text accompanying any of the slides. The series is arranged into twelve subseries alphabetically by topic.

Series 3, American Press Association lantern slides, undated, is divided into ten subseries: Subseries 1, General Images, undated; Subseries 2, Coffins and soliders, undated; Subseries 3, Mexican War, undated; Subseries 4, Niagara Falls Conference, undated; Subseries 5, Pancho Villa and Major Gonzales, undated; Subseries 6, Parade, undated; Subseries 7, Refugees, undated; Subseries 8, Warships, undated; Subseries 9, West Virginia Mine Explosion, undated; and Subseries 10, Women March for Votes (Suffrage), undated.

The series consists of lantern slides from the American Press Association depicting news events from early twentieth century history (e.g., Mexican War; Ludlow Colorado strike; suffragettes; Gettysburg veterans; various ship disasters). Each slide has a caption with a brief description of the scene. Many slides are cracked; one is completely broken and is in a folded paper. There are also approximately fifty slides with scenes of events associated with the Mexican-American War, most with short captions identifying the scenes. Many of these slides are cracked.

Series 4, J. F. Maertz Department Stores advertisement lantern slides, early 1920s, is divided into thirteen subseries: Subseries 1, Bathrooms, undated; Subseries 2, Children's shoes and clothing, undated; Subseries 3, Dress goods, undated; Subseries 4, Dress patterns, undated; Subseries 5, Hosiery, undated; Subseries 6, House furnishings, undated; Subseries 7, House wares, undated; Subseries 8, Ladies' Home Journal, undated; Subseries 9, Shoes, undated; Subseries 10, Store advertising, undated; Subseries 11, Underwear, undated; Subseries 12, Women's clothing, undated; and Subseries 13, Miscellaneous, undated.

The series consists of lantern slides showing advertisements used in J.F. Maertz Department Store catalogs for consumer goods. Slides are categorized by type of goods, including children's shoes and clothes, bathroom needs, dress patterns, men's wear, shoes, house furnishings, house wares, Ladies' Home Journal, and underwear.

Series 5, J. Stanley-Brown and E. H. Harriman lantern slides, undated, is divided into nineteen subseries: Subseries 1, Alaska-California scenes, undated; Subseries 2, Animal life, undated; Subseries 3, Artifacts, undated; Subseries 4, California/Franciscan life, undated; Subseries 5, California Indians, undated; Subseries 6, California mission exteriors, undated; Subseries 7, California mission interiors, undated; Subseries 8, Eskimos,undated; Subseries 9, Franciscans, undated; Subseries 10, Indians, undated; Subseries 11, Landscapes, undated; Subseries 12, Maps, undated; Subseries 13, Mission interiors, undated; Subseries 14, Seascapes, undated; Subseries 15, General images (#1-7;10), undated; Subseries 16, General images (#11-14; 16-17; 19-20), undated; Subseries 17, General images (#21-30), undated; Subseries 18, General images (#31-33; 36-40), undated; and Subseries 19, General images (#42; 45-50), undated.

The series contains lantern slides, each labeled with the names of distributors, "J. Stanley-Brown, 1318 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, D.C. and E.H. Harriman, 1 East, 55th Street, New York." The slides, some with captions, depict maps; landscapes; seascapes; Eskimos; animal life; Franciscan dwellings; Indians of California; California missions and Franciscan life. There are slides depicting various scenes of California missions and scenes of indigenous Alaskans. Some slides are cracked.

Series 6, Miscellaneous Stereographs, 1894-1907, is divided into seventeen subseries: Subseries 1, American Series, 1887; Subseries 2, C.H. Graves Publisher, 1907; Subseries 3, Griffith and Griffith, 1894; Subseries 4, Pesko Binocular Company, 1907; Subseries 5, William H. Rau Publisher,undated; Subseries 6, Domestic scenes,undated; Subseries 7, Military, undated; Subseries 8, Miscellaneous, undated; Subseries 9, Places--Asia, undated; Subseries 10, Places--Cuba, undated; Subseries 11, Places--Egypt, undated; Subseries 12, Places--France, undated; Subseries 13, PLaces--Germany, undated; Subseries 14, Places--Italy, undated; Subseries 15, Places--Monte Carlo, undated; Subseries 16, Places-- Palestine, undated; and Subseries 17, Places--United States, undated.

The series consists of lantern slides and stereoviews from distributors that include the American Series; Griffith and Griffith; Pesko Binocular Company; William H. Rau Publisher; and the Universal Photo Art Company.

The stereographs related to domestic and military issues and geography are dated circa 1905, and copyrighted by H. C. White, and distrbuted by World Series.

The stereo views produced by William H. Rau, a publisher in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, show parades and other ceremonies at Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) encampments and Elks conventions held in Philadelphia. The Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) was a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who served in the American Civil War.

Arrangement:

The collection is divided into six series.

Series 1: Keystone View Company Lantern Slides and Stereographs, undated

Subseries 1, #1-#600, undated

Subseries 2, H-1 to H-300, undated

Subseries 3, Biblical, undated

Subseries 4, Santa Barbara, California, undated

Subseries 5, Roads, undated

Subseries 6, Miscellaneous, undated

Series 2: Hillis Better America Lecture Service Lantern Slides, undated

Subseries 1, Ability Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 2, Bolshevism Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 3, Builders Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 4, Equality Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 5, Ftahers Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 7, General Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 8, Poverty Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 9, Property Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 10, Republic Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 11, Socialism Lecture Slides, undated

Subseries 12, Miscellaneous Lecture Slides, undated

Series 3: American Press Association Lantern Slides, undated

Subseries 1, General Images, undated

Subseries 2, Coffins and Soliders, undated

Subseries 3, Mexican War, undated

Subseries 4, Niagara Falls Conference, undated

Subseries 5, Pancho Villa and Major Gonzales, undated

Subseries 6, Parade, undated

Subseries 7, Refugees, undated

Subseries 8, Warships, undated

Subseries 9, West Virginia Mine Explosion, undated

Subseries 10, Women March for Votes (Suffrage), undated

Series 4: J. F. Maertz Department Store Advertisement Lantern Slides, early 1920s

Subseries 1, Bathrooms, undated

Subseries 2, Children's shoes and clothing, undated

Subseries 3, Dress goods, undated

Subseries 4, Dress patterns, undated

Subseries 5, Hosiery, undated

Subseries 6, House furnishings, undated

Subseries 7, House wares, undated

Subseries 8, Ladies' Home Journal, undated

Subseries 9, Shoes, undated

Subseries 10, Store advertising, undated

Subseries 11, Underwear, undated

Subseries 12, Women's clothing, undated

Subseries 13, Miscellaneous, undated

Series 5, J. Stanley-Brown and E.H. Harriman lantern slides, undated

Subseries 1, Alaska-California scenes, undated

Subseries 2, Animal life, undated

Subseries 3, Artifacts, undated

Subseries 4, California/Franciscan life, undated

Subseries 5, California Indians, undated

Subseries 6, California mission exteriors, undated

Subseries 7, California mission interiors, undated

Subseries 8, Eskimos, undated

Subseries 9, Franciscans, undated

Subseries 10, Indians, undated

Subseries 11, Landscapes, undated

Subseries 12, Maps, undated

Subseries 13, Mission interiors, undated

Subseries 14, Seascapes, undated

Subseries 15, General images (#1-7;10), undated

Subseries 16, General images (#11-14; 16-17; 19-20), undated

Subseries 17, General images (#21-30), undated

Subseries 18, General images (#31-33; 36-40), undated

Subseries 19, General images (#42; 45-50), undated

Series 6: Miscellaneous Stereographs, 1887-1907

Subseries 1, American Series, 1887

Subseries 2, C.H. Graves Publisher, 1907

Subseries 3, Griffith and Griffith, 1894

Subseries 4, Pesko Binocular Company, 1907

Subseries 5, William H. Rau Publisher, undated

Subseries 6, Domestic scenes, undated

Subseries 7, Military, undated

Subseries 8, Places-Asia, undated

Subseries 9, Places-Cuba, undated

Subseries 10, Places-Egypt, undated

Subseries 11, Places-France, undated

Subseries 12, Places-Germany, undated

Subseries 13, Places-Italy, undated

Subseries 14, Places-Monte Carlo, undated

Subseries 6.15, Palestine, undated

Subseries 6.16, Places-United States, undated

Subseries 6.17: Miscellaneous, undated

Series 7: Miscellaneous Lantern Slides, undated

Historical:

Lantern slides are hand-drawn, painted, or photographic images on glass, intended for viewing by projection; often made in sets. Photographic lantern slides were introduced in the United States by 1850 and popular through World War I; commonly 3.25 x 4 in. (9 x 10 cm.) with a black paper mask, a cover glass, and taped edges. Thesaurus of Graphic Materials

Stereographs consist of two nearly identical photographs or photomechanical prints, paired to produce the illusion of a single three-dimensional image, usually when viewed through a stereoscope. Typically, the images are on card mounts, but they take the form of daguerreotypes, glass negatives, or other processes. Stereographs were first made in the 1850s and are still made today. They were most popular between 1870 and 1920.

In 1851 stereo daguerreotypes were exhibited for the first time to the general public at the London International Exhibition (Crystal Palace). Shortly thereafter, American photographers began making stereographs. One of the first American photographic firms to produce stereographs was the team of William and Frederick Langenheim. The Library owns a set of their early stereoviews of American cities on the East Coast.

By 1860 both amateur photographers and publishing firms were making stereographs. The major stereo publishers sold their views by mail order, door-to-door salesmen, and in stores. Stereographs were sold individually and in boxed sets.

Stereographs are usually mounted. They were typically published with caption information printed under the image or on the back of the mount. The mount also provided information about the publisher, photographer, and sometimes the series or a list of views available from the photographer or publisher.

Stereographs were collected by many middle-class families in the late 19th century. People acquired stereographs of tourist sites they had visited, as well as exotic locales that they would only experience through the wonder of the stereoscope. Viewing stereographs was a common activity, much like watching television or going to the movies today. Stereoviews were also used as an education tool in classrooms. (Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, Stereograph Format)

The Division of Cultural History at the National Museum of American History assembled a collection of miscellaneous lantern slides and stereographs beginning in 1943. Other collection contents were acquired over many years in unrecorded transactions.

Several distributors and publishers of stereographic images are represented in the collection. One of the most prominent was the Keystone View Company of Meadville, Pennsylvania. Founded by Benneville Lloyd Singley (d.1938), a former Underwood & Underwood salesman, Keystone became a major distributor of stereographic images. From 1892 through 1963 it produced and distributed both educational and comic/sentimental stereoviews and stereoscopes used to see the images in 3-D. By 1905 it was the world's largest stereographic company. In 1963 Department A (stereoviews sold to individual families) and the education departments were closed, but Keystone continued to manufacture eye-training stereographic products as a subsidiary of Mast Development Company. In 1972 Mast closed the Meadville manufacturing site.

All of Keystone's manufacturing was done in Meadville, but branch offices were in New York, St. Louis, San Francisco, Portland, Oregon, Chicago, Toronto, Canada and London, England. Salesmen and photographers were scattered around the world, and the company offered 20,000 different views.

Selling stereoviews and lantern slides to schools was a field pioneered by Underwood & Underwood, and for several years Underwood & Underwood and Keystone were competitors for the growing educational market. According to the 1953 Keystone Sales Manual the more aggressive sales methods and the more progressive editorial policies of the Keystone View Company soon made it the acknowledged leader in the industry, and Underwood & Underwood decided to give up the contest.

Between 1915 and 1921 Keystone View Company purchased the negatives of nearly all of its competitors. They also continued to have staff photographers travel the world, so that by 1935 Keystone had approximately two million stereoscopic negatives.

Keystone View Company produced stereographic sets up through the mid-twentieth century, and had a stereoscopic photographer on staff until at least 1955.

References

Thesaurus of Graphic Materials, (2007), http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/tgm1/ (accessed February 10, 2011).

Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Online Catalog, Stereograph Format, http://www.loc.gov/pictures/collection/stereo/background.html (accessed February 14, 2011).

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, 1895-1921, (AC0143)

Other Institutions with Materials

University of California, Riverside/California Museum of Photography

George Eastman House

Temple University

Brooklyn Historical Society

Provenance:

Donated to the Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum by Mrs. Joseph Stanley-Brown, through Mrs. Herbert Feis, in 1943.

The Division of Cultural History (now Division of Cultural and Community Life) at the National Museum of American History assembled a collection of miscellaneous lantern slides and stereographs beginning in 1943. Other collection contents were acquired over many years in unrecorded transactions. An unknown portion of the collection transferred to the Archives Center, date unknown.

Restrictions:

Collection open for research on site by appointment. Unprotected lantern slides and stereographs must be handled with gloves.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Reproduction permission from Archives Center: reproduction fees may apply.

Genre/Form:

Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Stereographs -- 1900-1950

Stereographs -- 1900-1910

Photographs -- Lantern slides -- 1900-1950

Lantern slides

Citation:

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0945

See more items in:

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86d81f125-9f9b-4867-97a9-8992b58fb403

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0945

Author:

Cassel Oliver, Valerie  Search this

Contributor:

Bradley, Regina N. 1984-  Search this

Braxton, Charlie R  Search this

Brownlee, Andrea Barnwell  Search this

Buick, Kirsten Pai  Search this

Burris, Jennifer 1982-  Search this

Combs, Rhea L.,  Search this

McArthur, Park  Search this

DJ Spooky That Subliminal Kid  Search this

Moten, Fred  Search this

Pinn, Anthony B  Search this

Ramsey, Guthrie P  Search this

Reeves, Roger  Search this

Issuing body:

Virginia Museum of Fine Arts  Search this

Host institution:

Contemporary Arts Museum (Houston, Tex.)  Search this

Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art  Search this

Museum of Contemporary Art/Denver  Search this

Physical description:

xiii, 282 pages illustrations (chiefly color), portraits 28 x 29 cm

Type:

Exhibitions

Music

Expositions

Musique

In art

Exhibition catalogs

Place:

Southern States

États-Unis (Sud)

Date:

2021

20th century

21st century

20e siècle

21e siècle

Topic:

African American art--History  Search this

Material culture  Search this

African Americans  Search this

African Americans--Religion  Search this

African American art--Political aspects  Search this

Art noir américain--Histoire  Search this

Culture matérielle  Search this

Noirs américains  Search this

Noirs américains--Religion  Search this

Art noir américain--Aspect politique  Search this

African American art  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1157055

Author:

Bernstein, Bruce  Search this

McMaster, Gerald 1953-  Search this

Ash-Milby, Kathleen E  Search this

National Museum of the American Indian (U.S.) George Gustav Heye Center  Search this

Alexander Hamilton United States Custom House (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Subject:

Diker, Charles Ethnological collections  Search this

Diker, Valerie Ethnological collections  Search this

National Museum of the American Indian (U.S.) George Gustav Heye Center  Search this

Physical description:

263 pages : color illustrations ; 32 cm

Type:

Exhibitions

Place:

North America

Date:

2004

C2004

Topic:

Indian art  Search this

Material culture  Search this

Antiquities--Collectors and collecting  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_731387

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-04-29T19:28:45.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_1u2yy5UJfPQ

Creator:

Freeman, Ethel Cutler, 1886-1972  Search this

Names:

American Museum of Natural History  Search this

United States. Bureau of Indian Affairs  Search this

Extent:

61.03 Linear feet (114 boxes)

Culture:

Seminole  Search this

Navajo Indians  Search this

Maasai (African people)  Search this

Culture  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Florida

Date:

1934-1972

Summary:

Ethel Cutler Freeman was an amateur Seminole specialist and research associate with the American Museum of Natural History. Her papers also reflect field work among the Arapaho, Shoshoni, Navaho, Pueblo, Hopi, Kickapoo, and people of the Virgin Islands, the Bahama Islands, and Haiti, and the music and chants of Africa, including those of the Maasai, Zulu, and Pygmies. A small amount of material relates to the Hoover Commission on Indian Affairs, of which Freeman was a member. Correspondents include several Seminole Indians and government officials, personal acquaintances, organizations, and associates of the American Museum of Natural History.

Scope and Contents:

These papers reflect the anthropological interests of Ethel Cutler Freeman. The papers in this collection include her notes and diaries, published articles, unfinished manuscripts, and source materials. The bulk of the collection is material relating to the Seminole Indians of Florida.

Mrs. Freeman also made several trips to the Southwest and Mexico to study such tribes as the Arapaho, Shoshone, Navajo, Pueblo, and Hopi. There is substantial information from these studies included in this collection. She also made less extensive studies of various other cultures in the Virgin Islands, the Bahamas, and Haiti. In 1950, she studied tribal music and chants of several African tribes and the material from these studies forms the major portion of Series 7.

The collection also contains several sound recordings made by Freeman and numerous photographs, negatives, and slides. During rehousing, additional materials including index cards and notebooks from field trips were located and incorporated into the collection. A small amount of material relates to the Hoover Commission on Indian Affairs, of which Freeman was a member.

Correspondents include several Seminole Indians and government officials, personal acquaintances, organizations, and associates of the American Museum of Natural History as well as Dean Amadon, Richard Archbold, Conrad M. Arensberg, Dana W. Atchley, Jacques Barzun, Ruth Benedict, Leonard J. Brass, Louis Capron, Frances Densmore, Margery S. Douglas, John W. Griffin, A.J. Hanna, Ronald F. Lee, Margaret Mead, Robert Cushman Murphy, Kenneth W. Porter, Harry L. Shapiro, Howard Sharp, Frank Speck, Charlton W. Tebean, and Clark Wissler.

Although the majority of the collection spans the years 1934 to 1972, there are some items with dates that fall outside of this range. Some published materials are dated as early as 1822 and one note is dated 1975 and was added to the collection after Freeman's death in 1972. The folders containing these items have been dated accordingly, but these outlier dates have not affected the dates of the sub-series or series.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into 15 series: (1) Biographical information and miscellaneous personal papers, 1939-1971; (2) Correspondence, 1936-1972; (3) Manuscripts, 1936-1971; (4) Source Material, 1934-1970; (5) Seminole Indians, 1934-1972; (6) North American Indians, 1936-1971; (7) Cultures other than North American Indian, 1943-1970; (8) Meetings, 1956-1968; (9) Printed materials, 1936-1972; (10) Pamphlets, 1935-1970; (11) Population and Material Culture, 1939, 1951-1963; (12) Sound recordings, 1940-1958, 1969-1970; (13) Lists of Photographs, 1939-1970; (14) Photographs, 1936-1971; (15) Index Cards, undated

Biographical Note:

Ethel Cutler Freeman was born in 1886 in Morristown, New Jersey. Freeman was the daughter of a prosperous family, which gave her the opportunity to study abroad in England at Mademoiselle Marie Souvestre's Academy for girls. After studying in England, Freeman returned to the United States and was married to Leon S. Freeman, a New York broker, in 1909.

By 1934, Freeman had become bored with the typical social activities available to her; while discussing the matter with a friend, Marcellus Hartley Dodge, she described herself as having a "brain full of cobwebs." Dodge, a former trustee at Columbia University, suggested that Freeman enroll in some courses at Columbia. Acting on Dodge's advice, Freeman started taking graduate courses in psychology and sociology at Columbia University, but soon became fascinated with anthropology. During her studies at Columbia, Freeman spent time in the western United States studying the Arapaho and Shoshone while her husband recuperated from a horse riding accident; it was at this point that she developed a taste for field work and an interest in Native American cultures. After completing her studies, Freeman decided that she wanted to study the Seminole people of Florida, near whom she and her family owned a winter home in Naples.

Back on the East Coast, Freeman met Dr. Clark Wissler, then Curator of the Indian Division of the American Museum of Natural History. Wissler was supportive of Freeman's aspirations to continue her anthropological studies, but balked at her expressed interest in the Seminole, whom at that time had a reputation for not being open to contact with outsiders. Undaunted, Freeman contacted W. Stanley Hansen, the man in charge of Seminole settlement; after repeated correspondence with Hansen convinced him she was no mere hobbyist, he agreed to help her make connections within the Seminole community.

Freeman made two visits to the Big Cypress Reservation for the American Museum of Natural History with a government representative before taking her 14-year-old daughter, Condict, and 12-year-old son, Leon Jr., for an extended stay with a group of Seminoles at the heart of the Everglades in February of 1940. After that first winter stay with the Seminoles, Freeman spent virtually every winter living within their remote communities and studying their culture. Over time, Dr. Wissler became impressed by Freeman's thorough and insightful reports and analysis of her findings among the Seminoles and got the American Museum of Natural History to back her winter field studies. Eventually Freeman's work gained her a reputation for being an expert on Seminole culture, which often placed her in the role of consultant to government agencies on issues dealing with Seminole and broader Native American concerns.

As a result of her long acquaintance with the Seminoles, Freeman also became interested in how different groups of Native Americans and other cultures adapted to changes brought about by contact with modern society. Freeman made several trips to the Southwestern United States and Mexico to study such tribes as the Arapaho, Shoshone, Navajo, Pueblo, Choctaw, and Hopi; she also made less extensive studies of various other cultures in the Virgin Islands, the Bahamas, and Haiti. In 1950, Freeman went to Africa to study tribal music and chants of several tribes. Much later, in 1968, the American Museum of Natural History sent Freeman to Portugal to study local costumes.

In the 1940s, Freeman took part in publishing studies for the Department of Agriculture about the Seminoles and worked as an advocate for the Navajo, who at that time were in tense relations with the United States government over their living conditions. From 1947 to 1957, Freeman worked as a representative for the American Civil Liberties Union on the National Coordinating Committee for Indian Affairs; she also was a member of the Indian Rights Committee for the American Civil Liberties Union from 1946 to 1966. From 1948 to 1950, Freeman served as a member of the Hoover Commission for Reorganization of Government within the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

Throughout her studies in the field and her activities as an advocate for Native American rights, Freeman published her work frequently and gave many talks at a variety of conferences and special events. In 1964, Freeman traveled to Moscow to deliver her paper, "The Correlation between Directed Culture Change and Self Determination," at the 7th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences; she attended the same conference series the following year in Japan to deliver another paper, entitled "Lawlessness in an Indian Tribe as a Microcosm of a World Trend." Freeman continued visiting and studying the Seminoles in Florida late into her career, making her last visit the year before her death.

Ethel Cutler Freeman died on July 14th, 1972.

Sources Consulted

Letter to Mrs. Margaret Blaker, Archivist at the Smithsonian Institution's Anthropological Archives; Washington, D.C. from Ethel Cutler Freeman. Dated April 24, 1972. Located in vertical files, folders on Ethel Cutler Freeman, in the reading room of the National Anthropological Archives.

"Morristown Anthropologist; Mrs. Leon Freeman Likes Seminole Indians." Newark Sunday News, February 16, 1947.

"New Vernon Woman, Indian Authority." The Morris Observer, October 13, 1955.

"She's 'Hooked' On Seminole Indians: Leading Authority On That World." Daily Record, March 6, 1970.

"The Sentinel Visits--Indian Authority Mrs. Leon Freeman: Who Is Now Working To Rescue A Nation." Sunday Sentinel, February 2, 1947.

Chronology

1886 -- Born in Morristown, New Jersey.

1909 -- Married Leon S. Freeman.

1934 -- Began taking graduate courses at Columbia University in philosophy before changing to anthropology.

1936 -- Field work with the Arapaho and Shoshone.

1938 -- Joined American Anthropological Association. First became associated with American Museum of Natural History.

1939-1943 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1940-1948 -- Special Field Assistant, American Museum of Natural History.

1943 -- Joined American Ethnological Society.

1944 -- Field work in Mexico searching for a lost tribe of Seminoles; studied the Mascogas, Papagos, and Kickapoo.

1945 -- Field work in New Mexico, studying the Pueblo and Navajo.

1946 -- Joined the Society of Women Geographers. Field work with the Navajo, Papago, and Hopi.

1946-1948 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1947 -- Field work with the Navajo, Papago, and Pueblo.

1947-1957 -- Represented the American Civil Liberties Union on the National Coordinating Committee for Indian Affairs.

1947-1966 -- Member Indian Rights Committee, American Civil Liberties Union.

1948 -- Appointed first female trustee of the American Institute of Anthropology. Became Field Associate, American Museum of Natural History.

1948-1950 -- Member Hoover Commission for Reorganization of Government – Bureau of Indian Affairs.

1949 -- Field work in the Bahamas, studying native culture.

1950 -- Field work in Africa, studying the Zulu, Masai, and pygmy peoples.

1951 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1952 -- Field work studying native cultures of the Virgin Islands and Haiti.

1953-1955 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1955-1957 -- Acting Chairman, American Civil Liberties Union.

1957 -- Field work studying Mexican Seminoles.

1957-1958 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1959 -- Attended annual meeting of American Anthropological Association in Mexico City.

1960-1965 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1963 -- Field work in Oklahoma, studying Seminoles.

1964 -- Presented paper, "The Correlation between Directed Culture Change and Self Determination" VII International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Moscow.

1968 -- Studied costumes of Portugal for American Museum of Natural History.

1965 -- Presented paper, "Lawlessness in an Indian Tribe as a Microcosm of a World Trend" VIII International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Tokyo and Kyoto, Japan.

1970-1971 -- Winter field work with Florida Seminoles.

1972 -- Field work in Portugal and the Azores. Died, July 14.

Selected Bibliography

1942 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "We Live with the Seminoles," Natural History 49, no. 4 (April 1942): 226-236.

1944 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "The Seminole Woman of the Big Cypress and Her Influence in Modern Life," América Indígena 4, no. 2 (April 1944), 123-128.

1960 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "Culture Stability and Change among the Seminoles of Florida." In Men and Cultures: Selected Papers of the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, Philadelphia, September 1-9, 1956, edited by Anthony F.C. Wallace, 249-254. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1960. Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "Directed Culture-Change and Selfdetermination in Superordinate and Subordinate Societies," Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences 4, Moscow (August 1964), 85-90.

1961 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "The Happy Life in the City of Ghosts: An Analysis of a Mikasuki Myth," The Florida Anthropologist 14, nos. 1-2 (March-June 1961), 23-36.

1964 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "Directed Culture-Change and Selfdetermination in Superordinate and Subordinate Societies," Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences 4, Moscow (August 1964), 85-90.

1965 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "Two Types of Cultural Response to External Pressures Among the Florida Seminoles," Anthropological Quarterly 38, no. 2 (April 1965), 55-61.

1968 -- Freeman, Ethel Cutler. "Lawlessness in an Indian Tribe as a Microcosm of a World Trend," Proceedings of the VIIIth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences, 1968, Tokyo and Kyoto (Tokyo: Science Council of Japan, 1968) 191-193.

Related Materials:

Photo lot 62, W. Stanley Hanson photographs of Seminole Indians in Florida, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Objects donated by Ethel Cutler Freeman held in Department of Anthropology collections in accession 319549.

The Ah-Tah-Thi-Ki Museum on the Big Cypress Seminole Indian Reservation also holds an Ethel Cutler Freeman collection.

Separated Materials:

Film materials were transfered to the Human Studies Film Archive under the accession numbers HSFA 1986.11.8 (African footage) and HSFA 1986.11.9 (Seminole footage).

Provenance:

The papers of Ethel Cutler Freeman were left to the National Anthropological Archives by the terms of her will. Her son, Leon Freeman, Jr., donated the collection to NAA in August 1972.

Restrictions:

By Ethel Freeman's instructions, the collection was restricted for ten years dating from the receipt and signing of the release forms on October 12, 1972. Literary property rights to the unpublished materials in the collection were donated to the National Anthropological Archives.

Access to the Ethel Cutler Freeman papers requires an appointment.

Seminole recordings cannot be accessed without the permission of the Seminole Tribe.

Rights:

Contact repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Language and languages  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Anthropology  Search this

Music  Search this

Citation:

Ethel Cutler Freeman papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.

Identifier:

NAA.XXXX.0166

See more items in:

Ethel Cutler Freeman papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a548e5a0-c124-413d-ade0-345b46f30a72

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-xxxx-0166

Donor Name:

National Geographic Society  Search this

Site Name:

Pueblo Bonito  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Bead

Place:

Chaco Canyon, San Juan County, New Mexico, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1927

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

096004

USNM Number:

A335730-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f69e1536-ec5f-4f45-a85d-2052035fa3fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8091647

Collector:

Hazen, William Babcock, 1830-1887  Search this

Artist:

Fort Marion artists  Search this

Extent:

3 Volumes (81 drawings, graphite, colored pencil, ink, crayon)

Culture:

Sahnish (Arikara)  Search this

Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Volumes

Works of art

Drawings (visual works)

Ledger drawings

Place:

Florida -- Fort Marion

Fort Buford (N.D.)

North America

Date:

circa 1875

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of three (3) volumes of drawings collected by William Hazen around 1875. Two of the volumes are by Arikara artists; one volume is a by a Cheyenne prisoner at Fort Marion.

The collection was identified by the donor, Mildred Hazen, as Sioux material collected by her late husband Gen. William B. Hazen during his military service in the West. The original identification of these books as Sioux has been changed as the style of dress, body decoration, and hair are not consistent with that tribe. Two of the books are consistent with an identification as Arikara made by Candace Greene in 2004. During the 1870s many Arikara men enlisted as scouts with the U.S. Army and a number were posted at Fort Buford during the time that the collector was there. Both books contain pictures of friendly encounters with Army officers, and one (08510521) depicts an Indian scout in uniform. The third book has been identified as Cheyenne on authority of Karen Peterson and Ray DeMallie, Guide to Siouan Manuscripts (1969). Per Father Peter Powell (October 1971) the drawings are Cheyenne, probably by Cohoe and certainly by a Fort Marion prisoner. The Sun Dance scene was verified as Cheyenne by William Fletcher and Gordon Yellowman, Cheyenne Sun Dance priests, in 2000.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Biographical Note:

William Babcock Hazen (1830-1887) was born in Vermont and spent his boyhood in Ohio. In 1855, he graduated from the U.S. Military Academy ranked Twenty-eight in his class. Prior to the Civil War, Hazen served with the Fourth and Eighth Infantry regiments, earning distinctions in the field while fighting against Indians in Oregon and southwestern Texas. Hazen went on to serve in the Civil War, where he fought in the Battles of Shiloh and Bentonville. After the war, he served as Inspector General of the Department of the Platte and did a tour at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. In 1869, he was stationed at Fort Sill, Oklahoma and later at Fort Smith, Arkansas, becoming Superintendent of Indian Affairs in 1870. While serving in this capacity, Hazen worked with various tribes in Oklahoma, including the Comanches and the Creeks. After publicly criticizing the role of the U.S. military in the Indian Wars, Hazen was posted to Fort Buford in Dakota Territory, where he stayed off and on from 1875 through 1880.

Historical Note:

Fort Marion, also known as Castillo de San Marco, is a stone fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two prisoners from the southern plains were incarcerated in the fort. Captain Richard Pratt supervised the prisoners during their incarceration at Fort Marion. The prisoners consisted of 27 Kiowas, 33 Cheyennes, 9 Comanches, 2 Arapahos, and a single Caddo. They were accused of participating in the recent Red River War, earlier hostilities, or both.

Exhibition and Publication Note:

Drawings from this collection were exhibited in: Visions of the People: A Pictorial History of Plain Indian Life, The Minneapolis Institute of Arts, October 11, 1992 to January 3, 1993 and published in the accompanying catalog:

Maurer, Evan M. Visions of the People: A Pictorial History of Plains Indian Life. Minneapolis: Minneapolis Institute of Arts, 1993.

Related Materials:

The Department of Anthropology object collections holds artifacts collected by Hazen under Accession 25748 and

Archives Center, National Museum of American History holds the William B. Hazen Papers, 1855-1909.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Genre/Form:

Works of art

Drawings (visual works)

Ledger drawings

Citation:

Arikara and Cheyenne drawings collected by William Babcock Hazen (MS 154064), National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS154064

See more items in:

Arikara and Cheyenne drawings collected by William Babcock Hazen

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3ba7a047c-764d-458f-9f02-60adcfb878c4

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms154064