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Creator:

Cornell, Joseph  Search this

Names:

Benton, Elizabeth Cornell  Search this

Cornell, Robert  Search this

Extent:

24.9 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Date:

1804-1986

bulk 1939-1972

Summary:

The papers of Joseph Cornell (1903-1972) measure approximately 24.9 linear feet and date from 1804 to 1986 with the bulk of the material dating from 1939-1972. The collection documents the life, work, interests, and creative activities of the self-taught artist, who was best known for his shadow box constructions, assemblages, and collages. Papers include correspondence, diaries, source material, notes, writings, photographs, printed material, two- and three-dimensional ephemera, art works, and books, as well as a limited amount of legal and financial records, and some miscellaneous personal and family papers. The collection also includes the papers of his sister, Betty Cornell Benton, relating to the handling of Cornell's estate and the personal papers of his brother, Robert Cornell.

Scope and Content Note:

The Joseph Cornell papers measure approximately 24.9 linear feet and date from 1804 to 1986, with the bulk of the material dating from 1939-1972. The collection documents the life, work, interests, and creative activities of the self-taught artist, who was best known for his shadow box constructions, assemblages, and collages. Papers include correspondence, diaries, source material, notes, writings, photographs, printed material, two- and three-dimensional ephemera, art works, and books, as well as a limited amount of legal and financial records, and some miscellaneous personal and family papers (which comprise a series of biographical material). The collection also includes the papers of his sister, Betty Cornell Benton, relating to the handling of Cornell's estate and the personal papers of his brother, Robert Cornell.

Cornell's correspondence is typically with family, friends, artists, dealers, collectors, galleries, museums, admirers, individuals whom he admired, "helpers," and various charitable institutions. Correspondence generally concerns the creation, exhibition, sale, and reception of Cornell's art work; his "explorations" and other research and collecting activities; his preoccupations with certain individuals and motifs; his usual practices of giving gifts of art work to those he liked or admired and making donations to charities in aid of those less fortunate; and his relationships and shared interests with family, friends, and colleagues. Also found is correspondence between and amongst various other members of the Cornell family, including, most notably, Robert Cornell's letters to his sisters, Elizabeth (typically addressed as Nell) and Helen.

Dating from 1941 to 1972, Cornell's diaries span almost the entirety of his career as an artist, which began in earnest when he left his job at the Traphagen textile studio in 1940 to pursue art full-time and ended with his death in 1972. The diaries record his day-to-day experiences (usually comprising his thoughts, feelings, impressions, and ideas); and reflect on his various art projects (boxes, films, and collages) and creative activities ("explorations," and various other research, collecting, and publishing ventures). They also explore many of the themes and underlying concerns of his art work; and document his intense preoccupations with certain individuals, his wide-ranging interests, and the interconnectedness of his ideas and activities. Cornell's style of writing in the diaries tends to be stream-of-conscious with entries being composed of phrases, rather than complete sentences and with the progression of passages being more poetic and associative than either logical or narrative. He tended to compose by hand, occasionally typing up his notes into more formal entries, and also to use abbreviations for oft-repeated words and initials for individuals. At times, his handwriting can be difficult to read, and his references can be difficult to decipher. It was also common practice for him to review or revisit previous entries at various points in time, often making revisions or comments on them with dated annotations in the margins or on the reverse side of a page.

Cornell's source material is largely comprised of files of newspaper and magazine clippings, cutouts, notes, writings, book excerpts, photostats (or stats), prints, postcards, art reproductions, and other printed material. Some files are devoted to people (ballerinas, actresses, singers, artists, and writers) and topics (astronomy, romantic and modern ballet, birds, films, literature, music, plants, and science, among others). Other files relate to specific art works, "explorations," publishing projects, and exhibitions. Source material documents Cornell's preoccupation with certain individuals (past and present), events, subjects, and motifs; the development of some of his major "explorations" and their influence on his various artistic and commercial projects; and his work on certain box constructions and collages, publishing ventures, and exhibition catalogues. Source material also sheds light on Cornell's efforts to gain access to the past; his interest in the symbolism of images and objects; the linkages he found between seemingly unrelated things; and the connections between his many creative endeavors.

Ephemera and artifacts include various objects, mementos, and items of memorabilia, some of which were accumulated by Cornell (in much the same way that he collected his source material) and some of which are of uncertain origin. For Cornell, items such as these were not merely inanimate objects, but were instead evocative of past worlds and capable of bringing the past into the present (an idea which he often expressed in his diaries as the "metaphysique d'ephemera"). He seems to have used some of these items in a layout he designed for Good Housekeeping. Other items may have been used as source material for some of his box constructions.

The collection also houses photographs of Cornell, his family, art work, other artists, and friends, as well as photographs taken by various individuals and publicity photographs from the New York City Ballet. Also found are scattered works of art, including collage fragments and Rorschachs (or ink blot drawings) by Cornell, collages by Cornell's sister, Betty Cornell Benton, on which he collaborated, and a box by Christine Kaufman, which was a gift to Cornell. The books in the collection most likely comprise the remainder of Cornell's library, which was transferred to the Joseph Cornell Study Center, and include some that seem to have belonged to his sister, Betty. Printed material includes various publications and clippings collected by Cornell apart from that which he collected as source material. Writings about Cornell include an article by the poet, Mina Loy, and copies of various theses, presentations, and articles by graduate students in art history received by Benton (who assisted them in their research).

The Joseph Cornell Estate Papers consist of correspondence relating to Betty Cornell Benton's administration of the part of Cornell's estate for which she was responsible and legal documents relating to her various legal disputes with the executors of the estate, as well as a limited amount of printed material, some of which was originally accumulated by Cornell and subsequently shared with Benton, and miscellaneous papers belonging to Benton and their mother, Helen S. Cornell. Estate Papers provide insight on the exhibition and sale of Cornell art works after his death; the disposition of his belongings (including art work, papers, books, records, and source material); and Benton's efforts to foster and safeguard the memory and legacy of Cornell. The Robert Cornell Papers include correspondence, writings, art works, photographs, printed material, and scattered financial and personal records, documenting the full and creative life Robert led despite being confined to a wheelchair. Their inclusion in the collection suggests the family's effort to foster Robert's memory.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into eleven series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1918-1972, 1975 (Box 1; 0.8 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1909-1982 (Boxes 1-5, OV 31; 4.3 linear feet)

Series 3: Diaries, 1941-1973 (Boxes 6-10; 5 linear feet)

Series 4: Source Material, 1804-1972 (Boxes 11-18, 25-28, OV 29; 8.5 linear feet)

Series 5: Ephemera and Artifacts, 1858-1946 (Boxes 18, 23; 0.8 linear feet)

Series 6: Photographs, circa 1905-1972 (Boxes 18, 28, OV 30; 0.3 linear feet)

Series 7: Art Works, circa 1966-1971 (Boxes 19, 23; 0.2 linear feet)

Series 8: Books and Printed Material, 1806-1968 (Boxes 19, 23; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 9: Writings about Cornell, 1950, circa 1975-1980 (Box 19; 0.3 linear feet)

Series 10: Joseph Cornell Estate Papers, circa 1911, 1944-1986 (Boxes 19-22; 3.5 linear feet)

Series 11: Robert Cornell Papers, 1924-1965 (Boxes 24, 28; 0.4 linear feet)

Biographical Note:

Joseph Cornell, assemblagist, collagist, and filmmaker, was born on December 24, 1903 in Nyack, New York. He was the oldest son of Joseph I. Cornell, a textile salesman and designer, and Helen Storms Cornell, and had two younger sisters, Elizabeth (b. 1905), nicknamed Nell and later Betty, and Helen (b. 1906), and a younger brother, Robert (b. 1910), who suffered from cerebral palsy. Cornell shared close relationships with his siblings, and was especially attached to his brother whom he took care of as an adult. His fondest childhood memories included family Christmas celebrations, outings to Manhattan where he saw vaudeville shows and strolled around Times Square, and trips to Coney Island where he encountered penny arcade machines. These childhood memories, among others, inspired some of the themes later explored in his art work.

After his father's death in 1917, Cornell was sent to study at the Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts. He remained there for four years, but left without receiving a diploma. During this time, the family moved from Nyack to Bayside, Queens, where they lived in a series of rented houses. Cornell rejoined his family in 1921, at which time he went to work as a salesman in the Manhattan office of a textile wholesaler, the William Whitman Company. He joined the Christian Science church in the mid-1920s, and in 1929, the family bought a house at 37-08 Utopia Parkway in Flushing, where he resided for the rest of his life, living there with his mother and brother after both his sisters married and moved away.

During the 1920s, Cornell developed his passion for walking the city streets and taking in their sights, sounds, and impressions; browsing in the secondhand bookshops along Fourth Avenue; and collecting material such as books, prints, postcards, and printed and three-dimensional ephemera. He cultivated his growing interest in culture and the arts by attending opera and ballet performances, seeing plays (the 1922 play Rain, which starred Jeanne Eagels, was among his favorites), visiting galleries and museums, reading, and going to the movies.

In 1931, Cornell began to frequent the Julien Levy Gallery, where he encountered Surrealist art for perhaps the first time. Around this time, he created his first works of art - a series of black-and-white collages composed from cutouts of nineteenth-century engravings - inspired by Max Ernst's collages, in particular his collage-novel, La Femme 100 tetes (1929). Cornell went on to create three-dimensional works of art such as pill boxes and a glass bell series (consisting of objects arranged under a bell jar). His work, including several collages and a glass bell, was first exhibited as part of the groundbreaking "Surrealisme" show at the Levy Gallery in January 1932. He also designed the cover of the show announcement. His first one-man show at the gallery, "The Objects of Joseph Cornell," followed in the fall of 1932. (It was seven years before his next solo show.) By this time, Cornell had been laid off from his job at Whitman's. He was out of work for several years before getting a job as a textile designer at the Traphagen Commercial Textile Studio in 1934. During the next several years, he continued to work on his art at night.

Around this time, Cornell began collecting movies and movie stills, and embarked upon various film-related projects. In 1933, he wrote a scenario for a silent movie, Monsieur Phot. A few years later, he made his first film, Rose Hobart (1936), comprised of re-edited footage from the B-movie, East of Borneo (1931), which starred the actress, Rose Hobart. And he began work on a trilogy of collage-films - The Children's Party, Cotillion, and The Midnight Party (circa 1937). He then took a break from making films until the mid-1950s, but continued to collect film-related material, which he began to incorporate into his other art work.

In 1936, Cornell constructed his first glass-fronted shadow box, Untitled (Soap Bubble Set), which was included that same year in the "Fantastic Art, Dada and Surrealism" exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, along with a cabinet box and several glass bells. In creating some of his other early boxes, he began the practice of using photo reproductions of images which he located in books and magazines, or in the Picture Collection at the New York Public Library, among other places. In his tribute boxes to actresses (1930s), he made use of publicity shots, and in the box, Dressing Room for Gilles (1939), he employed a photostat (or stat) of a reproduction of Jean-Antoine Watteau's painting, Gilles (1718).

Over the years, Cornell came into contact with various figures of the art, dance, and literary worlds. In the 1930s and 1940s, he met the artists, Max Ernst, Marcel Duchamp, and Salvador Dali, and befriended the artists, Lee Miller and Dorothea Tanning. His formative friendships during 1940s were with the artist, Pavel Tchelitchew, the writers, Charles Henri Ford (founder of the avant-garde periodical, View), Parker Tyler, and Donald Windham, and the balletomane, Lincoln Kirstein (founder of Dance Index). His other friends included the artists, Roberto Matta Echaurren and Robert Motherwell, the dancer and actress, Tilly Losch, and the poets, Mina Loy and Marianne Moore. In the 1950s, he associated with artists from the Abstract Expressionist movement, including Willem de Kooning, Jack Tworkov, and Mark Rothko. Beginning in the mid-1950s, he befriended many young artists, including Lee Bontecou and Carolee Schneeman, and young actresses, including Lois Smith, Gwen Van Dam, and Suzanne Miller, whom he sought to appear in his films. And in the early 1960s, he met the Pop artists, Robert Indiana, James Rosenquist, and Andy Warhol.

Beginning in 1940, Cornell developed a keen interest in dance, particularly ballet. Ballerinas from the Romantic era, such as Marie Taglioni and Fanny Cerrito, especially captured his imagination, inspiring such works as the box, Taglioni's Jewel Casket (1940), and the Portrait of Ondine "exploration," which comprised a portfolio of material relating to Cerrito and her famous role in the ballet, Ondine. Cornell was also fascinated with the modern counterparts of the Romantic ballerinas. In 1940, he befriended the Russian ballet dancer, Tamara Toumanova, and over the years produced many works in homage to her, including swan boxes (inspired by her role in Swan Lake), boxes made with scraps from her costumes, and scrapbooks of clippings, stats, and memorabilia. In 1949, he became enamored of the French dancer, Renee "Zizi" Jeanmarie, after seeing her perform in Carmen and meeting her backstage, and he created several dance-related boxes in her honor. In 1957, he met the ballerina, Allegra Kent. After meeting again in 1964, they became friends, and she served as the subject of several works based on images reproduced from a Parmigianino painting.

In December 1940, Cornell left his job at the Traphagen textile studio to pursue art full-time. He set up a workshop in the basement of the house on Utopia Parkway, which served as a combination studio and storage space. While he spent most days at home, he continued to make regular trips into Manhattan to wander around the city, visit with friends, and hunt for material. Around this time, he began to keep a diary, recording his day-to-day experiences (usually comprising his thoughts, feelings, impressions, ideas) on scraps of paper (including used envelopes, paper bags, napkins, and ticket stubs, among other fragments). He would then type up some of these notes into more formal diary entries, but most of them remained, in his word, "scribblings." Diary keeping eventually became one of his primary activities, along with box construction, collage, research, and collecting.

By this time, his art work was beginning to sell, yet he was not able to live from these sales alone. During the 1940s, he primarily supported himself by doing freelance work for magazines such as Vogue, Harper's Bazaar, and Good Housekeeping, supplying illustrations from his picture collection and designing covers and layouts. He also regularly contributed pieces to View and Dance Index. His notable contributions to View included "Enchanted Wanderer: Excerpt from a Journey Album for Hedy Lamarr" (December 1941), "Story Without a Name - for Max Ernst" (April 1942), and "The Crystal Cage [portrait of Berenice]" (January 1943). His projects for Dance Index included various collage-covers, essays, and thematic issues, such as the Summer 1944 issue, which comprised a 22-page tribute to the Romantic ballerinas, Taglioni, Carlotta Grisi, Cerrito, and Fanny Elssler. To supplement his income, Cornell also held brief positions at an electronics plant, the Allied Control Company, Inc. (in 1943), and at a nursery, the Garden Centre (in 1944).

In 1942, Cornell created one of his more memorable works, Medici Slot Machine, embarking upon a large series of Medici boxes in which he utilized reproductions of portraits by Italian Renaissance artists, such as Sofonisba Anguissola and Pinturicchio. His other boxes from this time period explored themes ranging from ballet, as in A Pantry Ballet (for Jacques Offenbach) (1942), to doomed love, as in Paolo and Francesca (1943-48), to nature, as in the Sand Boxes (1940s) and Sand Fountains (1950s). Cornell often created boxes in series, producing variations on a theme with variants that differed significantly or only slightly. Over the years, series included: Pink Palaces, Pharmacies, Habitats, Aviaries, Dovecotes, Hotels, Observatories, and Night Skies, among others.

In late 1945, Cornell joined the Hugo Gallery, which was run by Alexander Iolas, and a year later mounted the show, "Romantic Museum at the Hugo Gallery: Portraits of Women by Joseph Cornell" (December 1946). He designed the exhibition catalog for this show, which consisted of portraits - box constructions, objects, and "dossiers" - of the opera singers, Giuditta Pasta and Maria Malibran, the ballerinas, Taglioni and Cerrito, and the actresses, Eleanora Duse, Jeanne Eagels, Greta Garbo, and Jennifer Jones, and which also featured one of his most famous boxes, Untitled (Penny Arcade Portrait of Lauren Bacall) (1945-46).

In 1949, Cornell joined the Egan Gallery, which was run by Charles Egan. Around this time, he began creating his series of Aviary boxes, which explored the symbolism of birds and birdcages. He showed twenty-six of these box constructions in his first exhibition at the Egan Gallery, "Aviary by Joseph Cornell" (December 1949-January 1950). He created other series of whitewashed boxes, including the Dovecote series and a small group relating to the poet, Emily Dickinson. He then went on to explore the themes of astronomy and celestial navigation in the Observatory, Night Skies, and Hotel series. Works from these series were featured in his two remaining shows at the Egan Gallery, "Night Songs and Other Work" (December 1950-January 1951) and "Night Voyage" (February-March 1953). In the fall of 1953, sparked by seeing the painting, Figure Seated in a Cafe (1914), Cornell embarked upon a major series of bird constructions dedicated to the Cubist artist, Juan Gris. Notably, these were the only boxes he explicitly dedicated to another artist.

Over the next couple of years, Cornell's work was exhibited across the country. In 1955, he joined the Stable Gallery, which was run by Eleanor Ward. His first one-man show there, in the winter of 1955-56, was "Winter Night Skies," which featured various box constructions based on constellations. During the mid-1950s, he embarked upon a series of Sand Fountains (vertical standing boxes featuring a broken glass and sand that flowed through it when turned upside down), elaborating upon his earlier Sand Boxes (1940s). These boxes along with some of his other latest works, including the Bleriot boxes and the Space Object boxes (which comprised his final box series), were exhibited in his second and last show at the Stable Gallery, "Selected Works" (December 1957).

After leaving the Stable Gallery, Cornell had several dealers handle his work rather than allowing any one to assume too much control. Dealers included Richard Feigen (in Chicago and then in New York) and Irving Blum (in California), among others. Throughout his career, Cornell never liked selling his boxes. He was always reluctant to let his work go and became increasingly uneasy about the growing status of his work as a commodity. He preferred instead to make gifts of his art work to friends and individuals he admired (especially female ones).

In the mid-1950s, Cornell returned to making films. Rather than just splicing together found images as he had in his films of the 1930s, he began to collaborate with others to shoot original footage. He worked with the experimental filmmaker, Stan Brakhage, on two films, one about the Third Ave El which was about to be torn down ( Wonder Ring or Gnir Rednow) and the other about an old house in Cornell's neighborhood that was slated for demolition ( Centuries of June). Cornell then went on to make nine films with the filmmaker, Rudy Burckhardt, including Aviary, A Legend for Fountains, and Nymphlight, among others. In the late 1960s, he enlisted the help of Larry Jordan, who was also a filmmaker, in completing the trilogy of collage-films that he had begun in the 1930s.

Along with creating works of art and making films, Cornell was involved in a host of other creative endeavors throughout his career as an artist. These included: keeping a diary, which was for him another medium for exploring and expressing the themes, ideas, and concerns recurrent in his art work; carrying out "explorations," which typically involved conducting research, collecting material, and compiling files on persons or topics of interest to him; and other projects, such as publishing pamphlets (or brochures) dedicated to the nineteenth-century opera singers, Malibran and Giulia Grisi. Cornell's "explorations" clearly informed his artwork, but they were also works of art in and of themselves. He continually sought to share this work with an audience and twice had the opportunity to do so, when he exhibited versions of his Portrait of Ondine "exploration" at the Museum of Modern Art in 1945 and at the Wittenborn Bookstore in 1956.

Around the mid-1950s, Cornell returned to making collages as independent works of art. Unlike his earlier ones, which were composed from cutouts of black-and-white engravings, his latest collages were made with color images cut out of contemporary magazines and books. In these collages, he explored many of the same themes and preoccupations of his box constructions, including birds, as in Couleur de Peche (1967) and Untitled (Vierge Vivace) (1970), children's games, as in the Penny Arcade series (1960s), and actresses, as in The Sister Shades (1956). Towards the end of his career, collage became his principal medium.

By this time, Cornell was taking fewer trips into Manhattan. Instead, he spent more time at home or traveled only so far as downtown Flushing, where he frequented the public library, hunted for material in stores, such as Woolworth's, and passed time in the coffee-shops on Main Street. From this time on, he kept his diary with increasing regularity, taking down notations with more frequency and creating entries of greater length.

In 1961, fourteen of Cornell's boxes, including Medici Slot Machine, were exhibited as part of the "The Art of Assemblage" show at the Museum of Modern Art. As his biographer notes, Cornell came to view this show "as a turning point in his creative life," marking the "[fall] off in his work" that took place in the sixties (Solomon 271-2). He continued to work on boxes that he had begun long before, but, after this time, rarely if ever constructed new ones. Instead, he focused on making collages and became increasingly concerned with other projects, such as organizing his basement workshop, for which he hired various "helpers" or assistants (mostly young women) over the years. He also became more and more prone to obsessions (or preoccupations, as he called them) with various young women that he encountered both in fantasy (actresses on stage or in films) and in real life (working girls in the city, "teeners" on Main Street, or his female visitors and "helpers" at home). These preoccupations infused his diary writings, and inspired the keeping of "dossiers" on particular individuals and the creation of various collages dedicated to others, including most notably the Penny Arcade series dedicated to Joyce Hunter (or "Tina," as he referred to her in his writings).

After Robert's death in February 1965, Cornell created a series of collages in his memory, many of which incorporated his brother's drawings of animal characters. In January 1966, he exhibited some of these collages, alongside a selection of Robert's drawings, in a show at the Robert Schoelkopf Gallery, "Robert Cornell: Memorial Exhibition." In 1967, there were two retrospective exhibitions of Cornell's work, "An Exhibition of Works by Joseph Cornell" at the Pasadena Art Museum and "Joseph Cornell" at the Guggenheim Museum. By now, Cornell was receiving considerable public recognition for his work. He had received his first profile (by Howard Griffin) in the December 1957 issue of Art News and, ten years later, was treated to a 12-page spread (by David Bourdon) in the December 1967 issue of Life magazine. He was also the recipient of various prizes for his art work, including the M.V Kohnstamm Prize at the Art Institute of Chicago's "62nd American Exhibition of Painting and Sculpture" in 1957 and the winning prize in India's first Triennale of Contemporary World Art in 1968.

In the last years of his life (especially from the time of his mother's death in the fall of 1966), Cornell suffered from severe depression and loneliness, and withdrew even further from the outside world. However, he still maintained relationships with various young friends and artists, who frequently visited Utopia Parkway and/or served as one of his assistants. He became more and more interested in sharing his work with a younger audience and his last two exhibitions in 1972 were expressly for children, "A Joseph Cornell Exhibition for Children" at the Cooper Union School of Art and Architecture and "Joseph Cornell - Collages and Boxes" at the Albright-Knox Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York.

Cornell continued to work until the end of his life, "refurbishing" earlier boxes and creating memorial collages. Following prostate surgery in June 1972, he spent several months recuperating with family in Westhampton before returning to Utopia Parkway in November. He died of heart failure at home on December 29, 1972.

The biographical note draws heavily from Deborah Solomon's biography, Utopia Parkway: The Life and Work of Joseph Cornell (New York: Farrar, Strauss, and Giroux, 1997), and Diane Waldman's book, Joseph Cornell: Master of Dreams (New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2002).

Related Material:

The Archives holds several collections of different provenance that relate to Joseph Cornell, including the small collections of Allison Delarue (comprised of two letters from Cornell, available on reel 2803), Muriel Streeter Schwartz (comprised of two letters from Cornell, available on reel 4283), Wayne Andrews (comprised of letters from Cornell and printed material), and Marion Netter (comprised of items received from Cornell). In addition, photographs of Cornell can be found amongst the Hans Namuth photographs and papers. Also found within the Archives is a transcribed interview of Cornell's sister, Elizabeth Cornell Benton, conducted on April 21, 1976 as part of the oral history program.

Separated Material:

The bulk of Cornell's source material resides in the Joseph Cornell Study Center, Smithsonian American Art Museum, along with his library and record collection. Cornell's sister, Betty Cornell Benton, donated a portion of this material directly to SAAM (then known as the National Museum of American Art), occasioning the creation of the Study Center circa 1978. The bulk of the source material and library that she donated to AAA, including approximately 66 linear feet of three-dimensional and non-textual source material and 50 linear feet of books, was transferred to the Study Center in 1994 and 1995.

Originals of loaned material returned to the donor after microfilming include: some unidentified and miscellaneous correspondence; significant correspondence between Joseph Cornell and Helen S. Cornell; significant correspondence between Helen S. Cornell, family members and others; and some of Joseph Cornell's family correspondence and general correspondence from the Robert Cornell papers. The loaned material is available on microfilm reels 1055-1058 but is not described further in the Series Descriptions/Container Listing of this finding aid.

Provenance:

The Joseph Cornell papers were donated and microfilmed in several installments from 1974 to 1989 by Joseph Cornell's sister, Betty Cornell Benton. Most, but not all, of the correspondence, which was loaned for microfilming in 1974, was subsequently donated in 1989. Additional material was donated in 2004 by the Joseph and Robert Cornell Memorial Foundation.

Restrictions:

Use of the original papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Topic:

Celebrities  Search this

Assemblage (Art)  Search this

Found objects (Art)  Search this

Art, Modern -- 20th century -- United States  Search this

Assemblage artists -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Works of art  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Joseph Cornell papers, 1804-1986, bulk 1939-1972. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by the Getty Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art.

Identifier:

AAA.cornjose

See more items in:

Joseph Cornell papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9ff67e8a6-6a88-40f0-9df4-537c9826eed7

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-cornjose

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Ebon Clark Ingersoll, 12 Dec 1831 - 31 May 1879  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg, 22 Feb 1818 - 2 Dec 1900  Search this

Thomas Allen Jenckes, 2 Nov 1818 - 4 Nov 1875  Search this

John Martin Broomall, 19 Jan 1816 - 3 Jun 1894  Search this

Amasa Cobb, 27 Sep 1823 - 5 Jul 1905  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley, 6 May 1821 - 20 May 1876  Search this

Francis Thomas, 3 Feb 1799 - 22 Jan 1876  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard, 19 Jan 1819 - 22 Sep 1879  Search this

William Higby, 18 Aug 1813 - 27 Nov 1887  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly, 3 Nov 1831 - 1 Jan 1901  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer, 9 Mar 1845 - 14 Oct 1906  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman, 28 Jun 1814 - 27 Sep 1882  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh, 4 Sep 1821 - 1 Aug 1888  Search this

Oakes Ames, 10 Jan 1804 - 8 May 1873  Search this

Rufus Paine Spalding, 3 May 1798 - 20 Aug 1886  Search this

Archibald McAllister, 12 Oct 1813 - 18 Jul 1883  Search this

Ithamar Conkey Sloan, 9 May 1822 - 24 Dec 1898  Search this

Austin Augustus King, 21 Sep 1802 - 22 Apr 1870  Search this

Daniel Morris, 4 Jan 1812 - 22 Apr 1889  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton, 25 Dec 1812 - 3 Aug 1875  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice, 30 Aug 1818 - 22 Jul 1895  Search this

John Crispell, 1820 - 1920?  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead, 7 Sep 1806 - 6 Mar 1884  Search this

John Bassett Alley, 7 Jan 1817 - 19 Jan 1896  Search this

Calvin Tilden Hulburd, 5 Jun 1809 - 25 Oct 1897  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot, 20 Mar 1808 - 14 Jun 1870  Search this

James Madison Marvin, 27 Feb 1809 - 25 Apr 1901  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold, 1815 - 1884  Search this

John Ashley Griswold, 18 Nov 1822 - 22 Feb 1902  Search this

Thomas Williams, 28 Aug 1806 - 16 Jun 1872  Search this

Thomas Treadwell Davis, 22 Aug 1810 - 2 May 1872  Search this

Moses Fowler Odell, 24 Feb 1818 - 13 Jun 1866  Search this

Augustus Brandegee, 15 Jul 1828 - 10 Nov 1904  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth, 18 May 1828 - 2 Sep 1906  Search this

William Radford, 24 Jun 1814 - 18 Jan 1870  Search this

William Barrett Washburn, 31 Jan 1820 - 5 Oct 1887  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth, 22 Apr 1817 - 16 Dec 1882  Search this

William Harrison Randall, 15 Jul 1812 - 1 Aug 1881  Search this

Glenni William Scofield, 11 Mar 1817 - 30 Aug 1891  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn, 7 Jan 1818 - 27 Oct 1892  Search this

George Helm Yeaman, 1 Nov 1829 - 23 Feb 1908  Search this

Cornelius Cole, 17 Sep 1822 - 3 Nov 1924  Search this

Lucian Anderson, 23 Jun 1824 - 18 Oct 1898  Search this

John Hovey Rice, 5 Feb 1816 - 14 Mar 1911  Search this

John Benedict Steele, 28 Mar 1814 - 24 Sep 1866  Search this

John Farson Starr, 25 Mar 1818 - 9 Aug 1904  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy, 31 Dec 1824 - 23 Mar 1905  Search this

Walter Duncan McIndoe, 30 Mar 1819 - 22 Aug 1872  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs, 8 Mar 1813 - 17 Dec 1877  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson, 31 Aug 1829 - 25 Apr 1891  Search this

William Boyd Allison, 2 Mar 1829 - 4 Aug 1908  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller, 27 May 1827 - 16 Mar 1892  Search this

Ezra Wheeler, 23 Dec 1820 - 19 Sep 1871  Search this

Ambrose Williams Clark, 19 Feb 1810 - 13 Oct 1887  Search this

James Abram Garfield, 19 Nov 1831 - 19 Sep 1881  Search this

Amos Myers, 23 Apr 1824 - 18 Oct 1893  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon, 21 Sep 1827 - 21 Feb 1897  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder, 18 Mar 1828 - 22 Dec 1875  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge, 29 Aug 1818 - 25 Apr 1888  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike, 9 Dec 1816 - 2 Dec 1886  Search this

John Franklin Fransworth, 27 Mar 1820 - 14 Jul 1897  Search this

John Ganson, 1 Jan 1818 - 28 Sep 1874  Search this

John Denison Baldwin, 28 Sep 1809 - 8 Jul 1883  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Loan, 4 Oct 1819 - 30 Mar 1881  Search this

Green Clay Smith, 4 Jul 1826 - 29 Jun 1895  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins, 8 Oct 1818 - 25 Jan 1895  Search this

Henry Champion Deming, 23 May 1815 - 8 Oct 1872  Search this

Samuel Knox, 21 Mar 1815 - 7 Mar 1905  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd, 28 May 1828 - 22 Jun 1894  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard, 10 Jul 1805 - 2 Apr 1871  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe, 24 Feb 1816 - 25 Mar 1883  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade, 27 Oct 1800 - 2 Mar 1878  Search this

William Sprague, 12 Sep 1830 - 11 Sep 1915  Search this

Edgar Cowan, 19 Sep 1815 - 29 Aug 1885  Search this

Alexander Ramsey, 8 Sep 1815 - 22 Apr 1903  Search this

Daniel Clark, 24 Oct 1809 - 2 Jan 1891  Search this

Henry Smith Lane, 24 Feb 1811 - 18 Jun 1881  Search this

Zachariah Chandler, 13 Dec 1813 - 1 Nov 1879  Search this

James Dixon, 5 Aug 1814 - 27 Mar 1873  Search this

Peter Godwin Van Winkle, 7 Sep 1808 - 15 Apr 1872  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown, 28 May 1826 - 13 Dec 1885  Search this

John Conover Ten Eyck, 12 Mar 1814 - 24 Apr 1875  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden, 16 Oct 1806 - 9 Sep 1869  Search this

James Willis Nesmith, 23 Jul 1820 - 17 Jun 1885  Search this

Waitman Thomas Willey, 18 Oct 1811 - 2 May 1900  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson, 22 Jan 1819 - 4 Feb 1894  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding, 4 Jan 1823 - 16 Jun 1899  Search this

John Conness, 22 Sep 1821 - 10 Jan 1909  Search this

Lyman Trumbull, 12 Oct 1813 - 25 Jun 1896  Search this

Henry Wilson, 16 Feb 1812 - 22 Nov 1875  Search this

Jacob Collamer, 8 Jan 1792 - 9 Nov 1865  Search this

John Sherman, 10 May 1823 - 22 Oct 1900  Search this

Charles Sumner, 6 Jan 1811 - 11 Mar 1874  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster, 22 Nov 1806 - 19 Sep 1880  Search this

James Harlan, 26 Aug 1820 - 5 Oct 1899  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan, 8 Feb 1811 - 14 Feb 1883  Search this

James Henry Lane, 22 Jun 1814 - 11 Jul 1866  Search this

Ira Harris, 31 May 1802 - 2 Dec 1875  Search this

Henry Bowen Anthony, 1 Jan 1815 - 2 Sep 1884  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy, 3 Jan 1816 - 27 Aug 1891  Search this

John Brooks Henderson, 16 Nov 1826 - 12 Apr 1913  Search this

Reverdy Johnson, 21 May 1796 - 10 Feb 1876  Search this

John Parker Hale, 31 Mar 1806 - 19 Nov 1873  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill, 3 May 1812 - 10 Jan 1883  Search this

Solomon Foot, 19 Nov 1802 - 28 Mar 1866  Search this

James Wilson Grimes, 20 Oct 1816 - 7 Feb 1872  Search this

James Rood Doolittle, 3 Jan 1815 - 23 Jul 1897  Search this

Medium:

Albumen silver print

Dimensions:

Image/Sheet: 20.6 x 17.9cm (8 1/8 x 7 1/16")

Mount: 43.7 x 34.7cm (17 3/16 x 13 11/16")

Mat: 55.9 x 40.6cm (22 x 16")

Type:

Photograph

Date:

1865

Topic:

James Edward English: Male  Search this

James Edward English: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

James Edward English: Politics and Government\US Senator\Connecticut  Search this

James Edward English: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Connecticut  Search this

James Edward English: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Lumber  Search this

James Edward English: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

James Edward English: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Connecticut  Search this

James Edward English: Politics and Government\State Senator\Connecticut  Search this

James Edward English: Politics and Government\Governor\Connecticut  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Male  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Politics and Government\US Senator\Connecticut  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Connecticut  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\School administrator  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Norwich, CT  Search this

Lafayette Sabine Foster: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Connecticut  Search this

John Conover Ten Eyck: Male  Search this

John Conover Ten Eyck: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Conover Ten Eyck: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Jersey  Search this

James Henry Lane: Male  Search this

James Henry Lane: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Henry Lane: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

James Henry Lane: Politics and Government\US Senator\Kansas  Search this

James Henry Lane: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

James Henry Lane: Politics and Government\Lieutenant Governor\Indiana  Search this

Thaddeus Stevens: Male  Search this

Thaddeus Stevens: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Thaddeus Stevens: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Thaddeus Stevens: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Charles Sumner: Male  Search this

Charles Sumner: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Charles Sumner: Politics and Government\Statesman  Search this

Charles Sumner: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Lecturer  Search this

Charles Sumner: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Male  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Hampshire  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\Smithsonian Institution\Regent  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New Hampshire  Search this

James Willis Patterson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New Hampshire  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Male  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Laurens Dawes: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Daniel Clark: Male  Search this

Daniel Clark: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Daniel Clark: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Daniel Clark: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Hampshire  Search this

Daniel Clark: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New Hampshire  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Male  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Politics and Government\US Senator\Majority Leader  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Politics and Government\Politician  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Politics and Government\US Senator\Iowa  Search this

William Boyd Allison: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Male  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\College administrator\President  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\State Senator\Ohio  Search this

James Abram Garfield: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Major General  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Male  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University president  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Politics and Government\State Senator\Missouri  Search this

James Sidney Rollins: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Missouri  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Male  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Military and Intelligence\Soldier  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster\Postmaster General  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Politics and Government\US Senator\Vermont  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Vermont  Search this

Jacob Collamer: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Vermont  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Male  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Politics and Government\Loyalist  Search this

John Wesley Longyear: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

William Sprague: Male  Search this

William Sprague: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist  Search this

William Sprague: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

William Sprague: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this

William Sprague: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

William Sprague: Politics and Government\US Senator\Rhode Island  Search this

William Sprague: Crafts and Trades\Printer  Search this

William Sprague: Politics and Government\Governor\Rhode Island  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard: Male  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Michigan  Search this

Jacob Merritt Howard: Politics and Government\US Senator\Michigan  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Male  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Politics and Government\US Senator\Missouri  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Politics and Government\Governor\Missouri  Search this

Benjamin Gratz Brown: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Missouri  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Male  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Literature\Writer  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Politics and Government\Politician  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Minnesota  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Politics and Government\Lieutenant Governor\Minnesota  Search this

Ignatius Donnelly: Politics and Government\State Senator\Minnesota  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Male  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\Smithsonian Institution\Regent  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Politics and Government\US Senator\Vermont  Search this

Justin Smith Morrill: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Vermont  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Male  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Iowa  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Iowa  Search this

James Falconer Wilson: Politics and Government\State Senator\Iowa  Search this

Hiram Price: Male  Search this

Hiram Price: Politics and Government\Public official  Search this

Hiram Price: Politics and Government\Statesman  Search this

Hiram Price: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Hiram Price: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Hiram Price: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Hiram Price: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Hiram Price: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Male  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

Elihu Benjamin Washburne: Society and Social Change\Administrator\Historical society administrator  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Male  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\University  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Robert Cumming Schenck: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Ohio  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Male  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Military and Intelligence\Soldier  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\Smithsonian Institution\Regent  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Crafts and Trades\Printer  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Politics and Government\Governor\Maine  Search this

Hannibal Hamlin: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Male  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Lecturer  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Speaker of the House  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

Schuyler Colfax: Business and Finance\Accounting\Auditor  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Male  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Politics and Government\Governor\Maine  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Politics and Government\State Senator\Maine  Search this

Lot Myrick Morrill: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Male  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Pastor  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Politics and Government\Legislator  Search this

Josiah Bushnell Grinnell: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Male  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Education and Scholarship\Scholar\Historian  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Literature\Writer\Biographer  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Illinois  Search this

Isaac Newton Arnold: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Male  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\US Attorney General  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Politics and Government\State Senator\Maryland  Search this

Reverdy Johnson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maryland  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Male  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Politics and Government\US Senator\New Hampshire  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New Hampshire  Search this

Edward Henry Rollins: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New Hampshire  Search this

Henry Taylor Blow: Male  Search this

Henry Taylor Blow: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Henry Taylor Blow: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Henry Taylor Blow: Politics and Government\State Senator\Missouri  Search this

Henry Taylor Blow: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Mining  Search this

Henry Wilson: Male  Search this

Henry Wilson: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US  Search this

Henry Wilson: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Henry Wilson: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

Henry Wilson: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Wilson: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Henry Wilson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Wilson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Henry Wilson: Military and Intelligence\Officer  Search this

Henry Wilson: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Shoe  Search this

Henry Wilson: Crafts and Trades\Cobbler  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Male  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Politics and Government\Cabinet member  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

John Adam Kasson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Iowa  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Male  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Captain  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Politics and Government\US Senator\California  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Natural Resource Occupations\Miner\Gold  Search this

Cornelius Cole: Politics and Government\US Congressman\California  Search this

Henry Bowen Anthony: Male  Search this

Henry Bowen Anthony: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

Henry Bowen Anthony: Politics and Government\US Senator\Rhode Island  Search this

Henry Bowen Anthony: Politics and Government\Governor\Rhode Island  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Male  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Politics and Government\State Senator\Indiana  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Politics and Government\US Senator\Indiana  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Politics and Government\Governor\Indiana  Search this

Henry Smith Lane: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Indiana  Search this

Solomon Foot: Male  Search this

Solomon Foot: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Solomon Foot: Politics and Government\Politician  Search this

Solomon Foot: Politics and Government\US Senator\Vermont  Search this

Solomon Foot: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Vermont  Search this

Solomon Foot: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Vermont  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Male  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\University  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University president  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

James Rood Doolittle: Politics and Government\US Senator\Wisconsin  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Male  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Business and Finance\Businessperson  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Speaker of the House  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Politics and Government\State Senator\New York  Search this

Theodore Medad Pomeroy: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Auburn, NY  Search this

James Wilson Grimes: Male  Search this

James Wilson Grimes: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Wilson Grimes: Politics and Government\US Senator\Iowa  Search this

James Wilson Grimes: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Iowa  Search this

James Wilson Grimes: Politics and Government\Governor\Iowa  Search this

John Parker Hale: Male  Search this

John Parker Hale: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Parker Hale: Politics and Government\US Attorney  Search this

John Parker Hale: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

John Parker Hale: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this

John Parker Hale: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

John Brooks Henderson: Male  Search this

John Brooks Henderson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Brooks Henderson: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

John Brooks Henderson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Missouri  Search this

John Brooks Henderson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Missouri  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Male  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Politics and Government\Governor\New York  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Edwin Denison Morgan: Society and Social Change\Philanthropist\Benefactor  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Male  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Politics and Government\Governor\Massachusetts  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

George Sewall Boutwell: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Male  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Politics and Government\US Senator\Wisconsin  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster\Postmaster General  Search this

Timothy Otis Howe: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Wisconsin  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Male  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Interior  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Politics and Government\US Senator\Michigan  Search this

Zachariah Chandler: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Detroit, MI  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Male  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Society and Social Change\Administrator\Historical society administrator\President  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Politics and Government\US Senator\Minnesota  Search this

Alexander Ramsey: Politics and Government\Governor\Minnesota  Search this

Augustus Frank: Male  Search this

Augustus Frank: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Augustus Frank: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Augustus Frank: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

John Henry Hubbard: Male  Search this

John Henry Hubbard: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Henry Hubbard: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Connecticut  Search this

John Henry Hubbard: Politics and Government\State Senator\Connecticut  Search this

Henry Winter Davis: Male  Search this

Henry Winter Davis: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Henry Winter Davis: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maryland  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Male  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

James Mitchell Ashley: Politics and Government\Governor\Montana  Search this

Leonard Myers: Male  Search this

Leonard Myers: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Leonard Myers: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Leonard Myers: Military and Intelligence\Militia\Officer  Search this

Charles O'Neill: Male  Search this

Charles O'Neill: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Charles O'Neill: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Charles O'Neill: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Charles O'Neill: Politics and Government\State Senator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Daniel Wheelwright Gooch: Male  Search this

Daniel Wheelwright Gooch: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Daniel Wheelwright Gooch: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Male  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Importer  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

Samuel Hooper: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Iron  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Male  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Military and Intelligence\Militia\Officer  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Politics and Government\State Legislator\California  Search this

Henry Gaither Worthington: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Nevada  Search this

Freeman Clarke: Male  Search this

Freeman Clarke: Business and Finance\Financier  Search this

Freeman Clarke: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Freeman Clarke: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Freeman Clarke: Business and Finance\Accounting\Accountant\Comptroller  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Male  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maryland  Search this

Edwin Hanson Webster: Politics and Government\State Senator\Maryland  Search this

William Darrah Kelley: Male  Search this

William Darrah Kelley: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Darrah Kelley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

William Darrah Kelley: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

William Darrah Kelley: Crafts and Trades\Jeweler  Search this

George Washington Julian: Male  Search this

George Washington Julian: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

George Washington Julian: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

George Washington Julian: Politics and Government\Government official\Surveyor  Search this

George Washington Julian: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Indiana  Search this

Nathaniel Barratt Smithers: Male  Search this

Nathaniel Barratt Smithers: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Nathaniel Barratt Smithers: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Delaware  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Male  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Politics and Government\US Congressman\West Virginia  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Politics and Government\Government official\Surveyor  Search this

Jacob Beeson Blair: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Wyoming  Search this

Portus Baxter: Male  Search this

Portus Baxter: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Vermont  Search this

Charles Upson: Male  Search this

Charles Upson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Charles Upson: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Charles Upson: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Charles Upson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

Charles Upson: Politics and Government\State Senator\Michigan  Search this

Charles Upson: Politics and Government\State Attorney General\Michigan  Search this

Charles Upson: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Coldwater, MI  Search this

James Tracy Hale: Male  Search this

James Tracy Hale: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Tracy Hale: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

James Tracy Hale: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Giles Waldo Hotchkiss: Male  Search this

Giles Waldo Hotchkiss: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Giles Waldo Hotchkiss: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Male  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Crafts and Trades  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Joseph Bailey: Politics and Government\State Senator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Ebenezer Dumont: Male  Search this

Ebenezer Dumont: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ebenezer Dumont: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

Ebenezer Dumont: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

Ebenezer Dumont: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Indiana  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Male  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Michigan  Search this

Augustus Carpenter Baldwin: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Pontiac, MI  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Male  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Lumber  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Alabama  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

Francis Kellogg: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Michigan  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Male  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\Superintendent  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Politics and Government\State Senator\Oregon  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Oregon  Search this

John Rogers McBride: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Idaho  Search this

Orlando Kellogg: Male  Search this

Orlando Kellogg: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Orlando Kellogg: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Nathan Fellows Dixon: Male  Search this

Nathan Fellows Dixon: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Nathan Fellows Dixon: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Nathan Fellows Dixon: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Rhode Island  Search this

Nathan Fellows Dixon: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Rhode Island  Search this

Henry Wells Tracy: Male  Search this

Henry Wells Tracy: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Henry Wells Tracy: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Henry Wells Tracy: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Henry Wells Tracy: Science and Technology\Contractor  Search this

Sidney Perham: Male  Search this

Sidney Perham: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist  Search this

Sidney Perham: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

Sidney Perham: Politics and Government\Governor\Maine  Search this

Sidney Perham: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

Sidney Perham: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

Sidney Perham: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Appraiser  Search this

William Gay Brown: Male  Search this

William Gay Brown: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Gay Brown: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Virginia  Search this

William Gay Brown: Politics and Government\US Congressman\West Virginia  Search this

William Gay Brown: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia  Search this

Anson Herrick: Male  Search this

Anson Herrick: Journalism and Media\Journalist  Search this

Anson Herrick: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Anson Herrick: Crafts and Trades\Printer  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Male  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Ohio  Search this

Ephraim Ralph Eckley: Politics and Government\State Senator\Ohio  Search this

Ebon Clark Ingersoll: Male  Search this

Ebon Clark Ingersoll: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ebon Clark Ingersoll: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Illinois  Search this

Ebon Clark Ingersoll: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Male  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant\Shipping  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Mining  Search this

Joseph Washington McClurg: Politics and Government\Governor\Missouri  Search this

Thomas Allen Jenckes: Male  Search this

Thomas Allen Jenckes: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Thomas Allen Jenckes: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Rhode Island  Search this

Thomas Allen Jenckes: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Rhode Island  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Male  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Captain  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

John Martin Broomall: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Male  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Wisconsin  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Mining  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Lincoln, NE  Search this

Amasa Cobb: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Nebraska  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley: Male  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Lumber  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\West Virginia  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia  Search this

Kellian Van Rensalear Whaley: Politics and Government\Government official\Customs Agent  Search this

Francis Thomas: Male  Search this

Francis Thomas: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Francis Thomas: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist  Search this

Francis Thomas: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Company president  Search this

Francis Thomas: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maryland  Search this

Francis Thomas: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Francis Thomas: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maryland  Search this

Francis Thomas: Politics and Government\Governor\Maryland  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Male  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Mining  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Iowa  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Indiana  Search this

Asahel Wheeler Hubbard: Crafts and Trades\Mason  Search this

William Higby: Male  Search this

William Higby: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Higby: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

William Higby: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Horticulturist  Search this

William Higby: Politics and Government\US Congressman\California  Search this

William Higby: Politics and Government\State Senator\California  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer: Male  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer: Literature\Writer  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Martin Russell Thayer: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Male  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

Fernando Cortez Beaman: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Adrian, MI  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Male  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Robert Bruce Van Valkenburgh: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Florida  Search this

Oakes Ames: Male  Search this

Oakes Ames: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Oakes Ames: Business and Finance\Financier  Search this

Oakes Ames: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad\Railroad promoter  Search this

Oakes Ames: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Tool  Search this

Rufus Paine Spalding: Male  Search this

Rufus Paine Spalding: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

Rufus Paine Spalding: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Ohio  Search this

Rufus Paine Spalding: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Ohio  Search this

Archibald McAllister: Male  Search this

Archibald McAllister: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Archibald McAllister: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Iron  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Male  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Law and Crime\Jurist  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Austin Augustus King: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Missouri  Search this

Ithamar Conkey Sloan: Male  Search this

Ithamar Conkey Sloan: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ithamar Conkey Sloan: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Wisconsin  Search this

Ithamar Conkey Sloan: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\Dean  Search this

Daniel Morris: Male  Search this

Daniel Morris: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Daniel Morris: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Daniel Morris: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton: Male  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Illinois  Search this

Jesse Olds Norton: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice: Male  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice: Politics and Government\Governor\Massachusetts  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Rice: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Boston, MA  Search this

John Crispell: Male  Search this

John Crispell: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Crispell: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

John Crispell: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maryland  Search this

John Crispell: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster\Postmaster General\US Postmaster General  Search this

John Crispell: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maryland  Search this

John Crispell: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster\Postmaster General  Search this

John Crispell: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maryland  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead: Male  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Company president  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead: Crafts and Trades\Leatherworker\Tanner  Search this

James Kennedy Moorhead: Science and Technology\Contractor  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Male  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Shoe  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Crafts and Trades\Cobbler  Search this

John Bassett Alley: Business and Finance\Transportation\Riverboat captain  Search this

Calvin Tilden Hulburd: Male  Search this

Calvin Tilden Hulburd: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Calvin Tilden Hulburd: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Calvin Tilden Hulburd: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot: Male  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Thomas Dawes Eliot: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

James Madison Marvin: Male  Search this

James Madison Marvin: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

James Madison Marvin: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

James Madison Marvin: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

James Madison Marvin: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Hotelier  Search this

John Ashley Griswold: Male  Search this

John Ashley Griswold: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Ashley Griswold: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

John Ashley Griswold: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Thomas Williams: Male  Search this

Thomas Williams: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Thomas Williams: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Thomas Williams: Politics and Government\State Senator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Thomas Treadwell Davis: Male  Search this

Thomas Treadwell Davis: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Thomas Treadwell Davis: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Moses Fowler Odell: Male  Search this

Moses Fowler Odell: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Moses Fowler Odell: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Appraiser  Search this

Augustus Brandegee: Male  Search this

Augustus Brandegee: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Augustus Brandegee: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Connecticut  Search this

Augustus Brandegee: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Connecticut  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth: Male  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Alexander Hamilton Coffroth: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this

William Radford: Male  Search this

William Radford: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

William Radford: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Male  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Politics and Government\Governor\Massachusetts  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Politics and Government\State Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\University administrator\University trustee  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

William Barrett Washburn: Politics and Government\US Senator\Massachusetts  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Male  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Captain  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Indiana  Search this

Godlove Stein Orth: Politics and Government\State Senator\Indiana  Search this

William Harrison Randall: Male  Search this

William Harrison Randall: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Harrison Randall: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

William Harrison Randall: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Kentucky  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Male  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Crafts and Trades\Printer  Search this

Glenni William Scofield: Politics and Government\State Senator\Pennsylvania  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Male  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster  Search this

DeWitt Clinton Littlejohn: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Oswego, NY  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Male  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Literature\Writer  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Lecturer  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Kentucky  Search this

George Helm Yeaman: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Kentucky  Search this

Lucian Anderson: Male  Search this

Lucian Anderson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Lucian Anderson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Kentucky  Search this

Lucian Anderson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Kentucky  Search this

John Hovey Rice: Male  Search this

John Hovey Rice: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Hovey Rice: Law and Crime\Police\Sheriff  Search this

John Hovey Rice: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

John Hovey Rice: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

John Benedict Steele: Male  Search this

John Benedict Steele: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Benedict Steele: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

John Benedict Steele: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

John Farson Starr: Male  Search this

John Farson Starr: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this

John Farson Starr: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

John Farson Starr: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New Jersey  Search this

John Farson Starr: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Iron  Search this

Walter Duncan McIndoe: Male  Search this

Walter Duncan McIndoe: Business and Finance\Businessperson  Search this

Walter Duncan McIndoe: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Lumber  Search this

Walter Duncan McIndoe: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Wisconsin  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Male  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Real estate agent  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Michigan  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Michigan  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Crafts and Trades\Mechanic  Search this

John Fletcher Driggs: Crafts and Trades\Carpenter  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Male  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Homer Augustus Nelson: Politics and Government\State Senator\New York  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Male  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Lumber  Search this

Samuel Franklin Miller: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Ezra Wheeler: Male  Search this

Ezra Wheeler: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ezra Wheeler: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Ezra Wheeler: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Wisconsin  Search this

Ezra Wheeler: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Wisconsin  Search this

Ambrose Williams Clark: Male  Search this

Ambrose Williams Clark: Politics and Government\Diplomat  Search this

Ambrose Williams Clark: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this

Ambrose Williams Clark: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

Amos Myers: Male  Search this

Amos Myers: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Amos Myers: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Pennsylvania  Search this

Amos Myers: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Minister  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon: Male  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon: Politics and Government\Government official\Surveyor  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon: Politics and Government\US Congressman\California  Search this

Thomas Bowles Shannon: Politics and Government\State Legislator\California  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Male  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Captain  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Kansas  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Rochester, NY  Search this

Abel Carter Wilder: Business and Finance\Banker\Bank director  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Male  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Vermont  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Vermont  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Politics and Government\State Senator\Vermont  Search this

Frederick Enoch Woodbridge: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Vergennes, VT  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike: Male  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

Frederick Augustus Pike: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Calais, ME  Search this

John Franklin Fransworth: Male  Search this

John Franklin Fransworth: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Franklin Fransworth: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

John Franklin Fransworth: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

John Ganson: Male  Search this

John Ganson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Ganson: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

John Ganson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this

John Ganson: Politics and Government\State Senator\New York  Search this

John Denison Baldwin: Male  Search this

John Denison Baldwin: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this

John Denison Baldwin: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Pastor  Search this

John Denison Baldwin: Journalism and Media\Journalist\Reporter\Newspaper  Search this

John Denison Baldwin: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Loan: Male  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Loan: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Loan: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Loan: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Male  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Minister  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Kentucky  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Religion and Spirituality\Preacher\Evangelist  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Kentucky  Search this

Green Clay Smith: Politics and Government\Governor\Montana  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins: Male  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

Wells Andrews Hutchins: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Ohio  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Male  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Literature\Writer  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Connecticut  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Connecticut  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Politics and Government\State Senator\Connecticut  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Hartford, CT  Search this

Henry Champion Deming: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\New Orleans, LA  Search this

Samuel Knox: Male  Search this

Samuel Knox: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Samuel Knox: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Male  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Railroad  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Missouri  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Industrialist\Manufacturer\Wagon  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Natural Resource Occupations\Prospector  Search this

Sempronius Hamilton Boyd: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Springfield, MO  Search this

Edgar Cowan: Male  Search this

Edgar Cowan: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Edgar Cowan: Politics and Government\US Senator\Pennsylvania  Search this

Edgar Cowan: Crafts and Trades\Boat builder  Search this

James Dixon: Male  Search this

James Dixon: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Dixon: Literature\Writer  Search this

James Dixon: Politics and Government\US Senator\Connecticut  Search this

James Dixon: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Connecticut  Search this

James Dixon: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Connecticut  Search this

Peter Godwin Van Winkle: Male  Search this

Peter Godwin Van Winkle: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Peter Godwin Van Winkle: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Peter Godwin Van Winkle: Politics and Government\US Senator\West Virginia  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Male  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Colonel  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Politics and Government\US Senator\Oregon  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Livestock  Search this

James Willis Nesmith: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Oregon  Search this

Waitman Thomas Willey: Male  Search this

Waitman Thomas Willey: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Waitman Thomas Willey: Politics and Government\US Senator\Virginia  Search this

Waitman Thomas Willey: Politics and Government\US Senator\West Virginia  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Male  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Politics and Government\US Senator\Minnesota  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Minnesota  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Politics and Government\State Senator\Minnesota  Search this

Morton Smith Wilkinson: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Minnesota  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding: Male  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding: Politics and Government\US Senator\Oregon  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Harding: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Oregon  Search this

John Conness: Male  Search this

John Conness: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

John Conness: Politics and Government\US Senator\California  Search this

John Conness: Natural Resource Occupations\Miner  Search this

John Conness: Politics and Government\State Legislator\California  Search this

John Conness: Crafts and Trades\Pianoforte maker  Search this

Ira Harris: Male  Search this

Ira Harris: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Ira Harris: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this

Ira Harris: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Ira Harris: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Lecturer  Search this

Ira Harris: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College  Search this

Ira Harris: Law and Crime\Jurist  Search this

Ira Harris: Politics and Government\State Senator\New York  Search this

Ira Harris: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\New York  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy: Male  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy: Business and Finance\Financier  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy: Politics and Government\US Senator\Kansas  Search this

Samuel Clarke Pomeroy: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Atchison, KS  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Male  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Speaker of the House  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Male  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Railroad  Search this

Benjamin Franklin Wade: Politics and Government\US Senator\Ohio  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Male  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Literature\Writer  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this

William Pitt Fessenden: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this

Lyman Trumbull: Male  Search this

Lyman Trumbull: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Lyman Trumbull: Politics and Government\US Senator\Illinois  Search this

Lyman Trumbull: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Illinois  Search this

Lyman Trumbull: Law and Crime\Judge\Justice\State Supreme Court Justice\Illinois  Search this

John Sherman: Male  Search this

John Sherman: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\US Senator\Ohio  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\US Senator\Majority Leader  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\US Senator\Minority Leader  Search this

John Sherman: Politics and Government\Politician  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Male  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Military and Intelligence\Soldier  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Environmentalist  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Politics and Government\Government official\Surveyor  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Politics and Government\State Senator\Illinois  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Politics and Government\Government official\Postmaster  Search this

Abraham Lincoln: Crafts and Trades\Boat builder  Search this

James Harlan: Male  Search this

James Harlan: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

James Harlan: Law and Crime\Judge  Search this

James Harlan: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Interior  Search this

James Harlan: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\School administrator  Search this

James Harlan: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\College administrator\President  Search this

James Harlan: Politics and Government\US Senator\Iowa  Search this

William Windom: Male  Search this

William Windom: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this

William Windom: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Treasury  Search this

William Windom: Politics and Government\US Senator\Minnesota  Search this

William Windom: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Minnesota  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of John O'Brien

Object number:

NPG.91.207

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

National Portrait Gallery Collection

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm448742bca-3f29-4802-993c-4d7d5601bc38

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_NPG.91.207

Biogeographical Region:

76 - Southwestern U.S.A.  Search this

Collector:

Mason E. Hale Jr.  Search this

Max. Elevation:

2134  Search this

Place:

Jewel basin, Siskiyou, California, United States, North America

Collection Date:

29 Jul 1978

Taxonomy:

Fungi Ascomycota Lecanoromycetes Lecanorales Parmeliaceae

Published Name:

Parmelia sulcata T. Taylor in J. Mackay

Barcode:

00261753

See more items in:

Botany

Bryophytes and Lichens

Data Source:

NMNH - Botany Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3b2f2d5a0-ca40-4b3c-aadd-bd30c0fc2499

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhbotany_2604951

Interviewee:

Gordin, Sidney, 1918-1996  Search this

Interviewer:

Seckler, Dorothy Gees, 1910-1994  Search this

Names:

Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art -- Students  Search this

Pratt Institute -- Faculty  Search this

Harrison, Wallace, 1900-  Search this

Hofmann, Hans, 1880-1966  Search this

Jewell, Edward Alden, 1888-1947  Search this

Kantor, Morris, 1896-1974  Search this

Picasso, Pablo, 1881-1973  Search this

Pollock, Jackson, 1912-1956  Search this

Rosenborg, Ralph M., 1913-1992  Search this

Thomas, Byron, 1902-1978  Search this

Extent:

23 Pages (Transcript)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Sound recordings

Interviews

Date:

1965 Sept. 2

Scope and Contents:

An interview of Sidney Gordin conducted 1965 Sept. 2, by Dorothy Seckler, for the Archives of American Art.

Gordin speaks of immigrating to the United States from Shanghai, China in 1922; being the class artist in grade school; attending Brooklyn Technical High School; studying at the WPA art school at the Brooklyn Museum for a summer; attending the Cooper Union School of Art; encountering Cubism; working as a commercial artist and making cartoons; teaching at the Pratt Institute; and alternating, as inspiration strikes, between painting and sculpture; and Constructivist philosophy. Gordin also mentions Ralph Rosenborg, Tom Eldred, Carol and Wallace Harrison, Edward Alden Jewell, Pablo Picasso, Byron Thomas, Morris Kantor, Hans Hofmann, Paul Clay, Jackson Pollock, and others.

Biographical / Historical:

Sidney Gordin (1918-1996) was a sculptor and educator from Berkeley, Calif.

General:

Originally recorded on 1 sound tape. Reformatted in 2010 as 2 digital wav files. Duration is 1 hr., 1 min.

Provenance:

These interviews are part of the Archives of American Art Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and others.

Occupation:

Art teachers -- California -- Berkeley -- Interviews  Search this

Painters -- California -- Berkeley  Search this

Topic:

Art, American  Search this

Sculptors -- California -- Berkeley -- Interviews  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Sponsor:

Funding for the digital preservation of this interview was provided by a grant from the Save America's Treasures Program of the National Park Service.

Identifier:

AAA.gordin65

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9aa58f1bb-73cd-4791-a140-3dab28df15d5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-gordin65

Biogeographical Region:

North Pacific Boreale  Search this

Collector:

Isabella A. Abbott  Search this

Place:

Point Pinos, between Arena Street and Jewell Avenue, Monterey County, California, United States, North America

Collection Date:

15 Mar 1965

Taxonomy:

Plantae Rhodophyta Gigartinales Gigartinaceae

Published Name:

Rhodoglossum americanum

Barcode:

00582694

USNM Number:

42836

See more items in:

Botany

Algae

Data Source:

NMNH - Botany Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/377f45d29-a20b-4c6e-852b-6df92b3b0cf4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhbotany_2288166

Interviewee:

Metcalf, Bruce, 1949-  Search this

Interviewer:

Cooke, Edward S., 1954-  Search this

Creator:

Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America  Search this

Names:

Colorado State University -- Faculty  Search this

Kent State University -- Faculty  Search this

Montana State University (Bozeman, Mont.)  Search this

Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America  Search this

Society of North American Goldsmiths  Search this

State University of New York at New Paltz -- Students  Search this

Syracuse University -- Students  Search this

Tyler School of Art -- Students  Search this

University of the Arts (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- Faculty  Search this

Adamson, Glenn  Search this

Arneson, Robert, 1930-1992  Search this

Bauer, Fred  Search this

Bennett, Jamie, 1948-  Search this

Burns, Mark, 1950-  Search this

Church, Sharon, 1948-  Search this

Clark, Garth, 1947-  Search this

Craig, Gabriel  Search this

Cummins, Susan  Search this

Daley, William, 1925-2002  Search this

Ebendorf, Robert, 1938-  Search this

Eidelberg, Martin P.  Search this

Flynn, Pat, 1954-  Search this

Getty, Nilda  Search this

Gill, John, 1949-  Search this

Griffin, Gary, 1945-  Search this

Halem, Henry  Search this

Hammer, Wayne  Search this

Hash, Arthur, 1976-  Search this

Jerry, Michael John, 1937-  Search this

Kington, L. Brent (Louis Brent), 1934-2013  Search this

Koplos, Janet  Search this

Koss, Gene  Search this

Kumata, Carol  Search this

La Plantz, David  Search this

Lechtzin, Stanley, 1936-  Search this

Long, Randy  Search this

Matzdorf, Kurt  Search this

Mawdsley, Richard, 1945-  Search this

Moran, Lois  Search this

Morris, William, 1834-1896  Search this

Pritchard, Marian  Search this

Rogers, Harriet  Search this

Rogers, Steve  Search this

Ruskin, John, 1819-1900  Search this

Schaechter, Judith, 1961-  Search this

Shaw, Richard, 1941 Sept. 12-  Search this

Slivka, Rose  Search this

Slosberg, Jill  Search this

Wilson, Anne, 1949-  Search this

Woell, J. Fred, 1934-  Search this

Extent:

96 Pages (Transcript)

5 Items (Sound recording: 5 sound files (4 hr., 10 min.), digital, wav)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pages

Sound recordings

Interviews

Place:

California -- description and travel

Seoul (Korea) -- Description and Travel

Date:

2009 June 10

Scope and Contents:

An interview of Bruce Metcalf conducted 2009 June 10, by Edward S. Cooke, Jr., for the Archives of American Art's Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America, at Metcalf's home, in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania. Mr. Metcalf discusses his early years in Amherst, Massachusetts; beginnings as a maker with modeling clay and plastic airplane models; undergraduate years at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York in the late 1960s; early interest in architecture; early disenchantment with modernist discourse and theory; introduction to Marxist theory and idealism of the 1960s; summer trip to California in 1970; return to the East Coast upon the death of his father; return to college, transferring into jewelry in his senior year; influence of his teacher Michael Jerry; seeing the work in "Objects: USA" exhibition (1969) and influence of the work of J. Fred Woell, Richard Mawdsley, L. Brent Kington; rejection of current trends in art, including conceptual art and formalism; his affinity for the medium of metal, and hammersmithing; influence of funk ceramics, including work by Fred Bauer and Richard Shaw; brief stint at Montana State University, Bozeman; working in cardboard and wood; graduate school at the State University of New York, New Paltz; working with Robert Ebendorf and Kurt Matzdorf at New Paltz; work as a production artist/craftsperson; attending Rhinebeck, New York, craft fair in the mid-1970s; the influence of writings by William Morris and John Ruskin and the notion of "dignified labor"; graduate school at Tyler School of Art, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; formulating his aesthetic of narrative symbolism; publication of his first article in 1977 as a response to review of the exhibition "Forms in Metal: 275 Years of Metalsmithing in America" (1975); yearlong teaching position at Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado; taking a teaching position at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio (1986-1991); publication of his article "Crafts: Second-Class Citizens?" in the first issue of Metalsmith, 1980; growing involvement with the Society of North American Goldsmiths; development of his notion of "social utility" and the role and function of crafts and making; expansion of his writing on craft; rejection of the deconstructivist school of thought in the 1980s; abandonment of sculptural objects for jewelry in the early 1990s; return to Philadelphia in 1991; early teaching of history of craft, first at Kent, then on a Fulbright scholarship in Seoul, South Korea (1990), later at the University of the Arts, Philadelphia, in the early 1990s; influence of Martin Eidelberg; development of his vision for a history of craft course; collaboration with Janet Koplos on "Makers: A History of American Studio Craft"; use of his medium and craft to explore issues of nurturing and anxiety; the psychological/social effect and aesthetic importance of wearing jewelry (for the wearer and the artist); the pros and cons of craft collectors; the problematics of installation work by craft artists; recent trends in craft, including Anne Wilson's notion of "sloppy craft" and an "anti-craft" attitude; recent artists, including Arthur Hash and Gabriel Craig; lack of exhibition opportunities for younger/emerging artists; influential recent texts, including "Shards," by Garth Clark. He also recalls Robert Arneson, Randy Long, Carol Kumata, Jamie Bennett, Steve and Harriet Rogers, Wayne Hammer, Stanley Lechtzin, Gene Koss, Henry Halem, Mark Burns, Rose Slivka, Nilda Getty, Jill Slosberg, Sharon Church, John Gill, David La Plantz, Lois Moran; Gary Griffin; William Daley, Marian Pritchard, Glenn Adamson, Pat Flynn, Susan Cummins, and Judith Schaechter.

The following oral history transcript is the result of a recorded interview with Bruce Metcalf on June 10, 2009. The interview took place in Bala Cynwyd, Penn., and was conducted by Edward S. Cooke, Jr. for the Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. This interview is part of the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America. Bruce Metcalf has reviewed the transcript. His corrections and emendations appear below in brackets with initials. This transcript has been lightly edited for readability by the Archives of American Art. The reader should bear in mind that they are reading a transcript of spoken, rather than written, prose.

Biographical / Historical:

Bruce Metcalf (1949- ) is a jeweler and writer in Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania.

General:

Originally recorded as 5 sound files. Duration is 4 hr., 10 min.

Provenance:

This interview is part of the Archives of American Art Oral History Program, started in 1958 to document the history of the visual arts in the United States, primarily through interviews with artists, historians, dealers, critics and administrators.

Restrictions:

This transcript is open for research. Access to the entire recording is restricted. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Topic:

Ceramics  Search this

Communism  Search this

Deconstructivism (Architecture)  Search this

Conceptual art  Search this

Formalism (Art)  Search this

Jewelers -- Pennsylvania -- Interviews  Search this

Metal-work  Search this

Jewelry making  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound recordings

Interviews

Sponsor:

Funding for this interview was provided by the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America.

Identifier:

AAA.metcal09

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw974054f15-9dfd-4aea-98f7-707fd609918e

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-metcal09

Performer:

Hernandez, Little Joe  Search this

Ramirez, Rafael  Search this

Cavazos, Ramiro  Search this

Martínez, Narciso, 1911-1992  Search this

Mendoza, Lydia  Search this

González, Lalo  Search this

Lopez, Willie  Search this

Fuentes, Rumel, 1943-  Search this

Jiménez, Flaco  Search this

Ojeda, Fred  Search this

Jiménez, Santiago  Search this

Jiménez, Santiago, Jr., 1944-  Search this

Mejía, Ricardo  Search this

Valdez, Ruben  Search this

Berlanga, Andrés, 1941-  Search this

Garza, Leo  Search this

Rocha, Noe  Search this

Ortiz, Chavela  Search this

Flores, Raymond  Search this

Pingüinos del Norte (Musical group)  Search this

Madrugadores del Valle (Musical group)  Search this

Dueto Reynosa  Search this

Alegres de Terán (Musical group)  Search this

Conjunto Tamaulipas  Search this

Brown Express (Musical group)  Search this

Familia (Musical group)  Search this

Little Joe & La Familia  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound disc (digital, 4 3/4 in.)

(1 phonograph record, analog, 33 1/3 rpm)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Hispanic Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound discs

Place:

United States

Texas

Date:

1994

Track Information:

101 Cancion Mixteca (The Mixtec Song) / Rafael Ramirez, Ramiro Cavazos. Accordion,Bajo sexto.

102 Mi Texana (My Texas Girl) / Pingüinos del Norte (Musical group). Accordion,Bass,Guitar.

103 Muchachos Alegres / Narciso Martínez. Accordion.

104 Luzita / Narciso Martínez. Accordion.

105 Mal Hombre/Pero Hay Que Triste (Cold Hearted Man/But Oh, How Sad) / Lydia Mendoza. Accordion.

106 Chulas Fronteras (Beautiful Borders) / Madrugadores del Valle (Musical group), Lalo González. Accordion.

107 Rinches de Texas (The Texas Rangers) / Dueto Reynosa, Willie Lopez. Accordion.

108 Corrido de Cesar Chavez (Ballad of Cesar Chavez) / Pingüinos del Norte (Musical group). Accordion.

109 Chicano / Pingüinos del Norte (Musical group), Rumel Fuentes. Accordion.

110 Nueva Zenaida, La (the New Zenaida) / Flaco Jiménez, Fred Ojeda. Accordion.

111 Mojado Sin Licencia, Un (A Wetback Without a License) / Flaco Jiménez, Fred Ojeda. Accordion.

112 Cotula / Don Santiago Jimenez, Santiago Jiménez. Accordion.

113 Prenda del Alma (Jewel of My Soul) / Alegres de Terán (Musical group). Accordion,Bajo sexto.

114 Volver, Volver (Return, Return) / Alegres de Terán (Musical group). Accordion,Bajo sexto.

115 Mexico Americano (Mexican American) / Pingüinos del Norte (Musical group). Accordion.

116 Seis Pies Abajo (Six Feet Under) / Ricardo Mejía, Ruben Valdez. Accordion,Bajo sexto.

117 Quejas de Zenaida, Las (Zenaida's Complaints) / Andrés Berlanga. Bajo sexto.

118 Camioncito Pasajero (The Little Bus) / Conjunto Tamaulipas. Accordion.

119 Al Pie de la Tumba (By Your Tomb) / Conjunto Tamaulipas. Accordion.

120 Troquero, El (The Truck Driver) / Conjunto Tamaulipas. Accordion.

121 En Cada Vida Hay Un Momento (In Everyone's Life There Is a Moment) / Leo Garza, Noe Rocha. Accordion,Bajo sexto,Bass,Drum.

122 Quiero Que Sepas (I Want You to Know) / Chavela Ortiz, Raymond Flores. Accordion,Bajo sexto.

123 Besos y Copas (Kisses and Drinks) / Chavela Ortiz, Brown Express (Musical group). Accordion,Bajo sexto.

124 Nubes, Las (The Clouds) / Familia (Musical group), Little Joe & La Familia, Little Joe Hernandez. Accordion,Bajo sexto.

Local Numbers:

Arhoolie.425; Arhoolie.3015

FP-ARH-CD-425

Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):

1994 El Cerrito, California Arhoolie

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only; No Duplication.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Topic:

Conjunto music  Search this

Tejano music  Search this

Accordion  Search this

Bajo sexto  Search this

Bass  Search this

Guitar  Search this

Drum  Search this

Identifier:

CFCH.ARHO, Item FP-ARH-CD-425

See more items in:

Arhoolie Records Business Records and Audio Recordings

Arhoolie Records Business Records and Audio Recordings / Audio Recordings / CD

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bk5c75b9f85-3d5f-4b04-b0a1-5a809d304212

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-arho-ref591

Creator:

De Patta, Margaret, 1903-1964  Search this

Names:

California College of Arts and Crafts (San Francisco, Calif.)  Search this

California Labor School  Search this

Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America  Search this

Nanny's Design Gallery  Search this

Oregon State System of Higher Education  Search this

San Francisco Metal Arts Guild  Search this

Barson, Fred  Search this

Bielawski, Eugene  Search this

Davis, Adelle  Search this

Designs Contemporary  Search this

Fleisher, Janet  Search this

Flory, Alice  Search this

McHendrie, Janet  Search this

Ries, Victor, 1907-  Search this

Untracht, Oppi  Search this

Extent:

2.7 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Sketchbooks

Designs

Drawings

Date:

circa 1930-2012

Summary:

The papers of California jewelry designer Margaret De Patta measure 2.7 linear feet and date from circa 1930 to 2012. The papers include correspondence, writings, teaching files, exhibition files, personal business records, printed material, artwork and sketchbooks, and photographs.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of California jewelry designer Margaret De Patta measure 2.7 linear feet and date from circa 1930 to 2012. The papers include correspondence, writings, teaching files, exhibition files, personal business records, printed material, artwork and sketchbooks, and photographs.

Personal and professional correspondence is with family, friends, artists, galleries, museums, and universities. Notable correspondents include Fred Barson, Adelle Davis, Janet Fleisher, Alice Flory, Janet McHendrie, Victor Ries, Oppi Untracht, and Nanny's Design Gallery.

Writings include essays, personal statements, and notes. There is also an outline for a book on design and an annotated calendar.

Teaching files consist of course materials, administrative records, meeting minutes, and limited correspondence from the California Labor School. There are also a few folders from the California College of Arts and Crafts and the Oregon State System of Higher Education.

Exhibition files include announcements, correspondence, inventories, price lists, loan forms, and other material for Margaret De Patta shows at museums and galleries.

Personal business records consist of financial, legal, and administrative records on Margaret De Patta's jewelry designs and sales, as well as material related to Designs Contemporary, the jewelry production business created and managed by De Patta and her husband Eugene Bielawski. There is also material on large gifts and loans to museums and universities, and files relating to the San Francisco Metal Arts Guild.

Printed materials are mostly clippings about Margaret De Patta and other subjects, along with a few magazines and periodicals, including the San Francisco Metal Arts Guild newsletters, 1952-1964.

There is one sketchbook and several folders of drawings, jewelry designs, and flatware designs.

The bulk of the photographs are of jewelry and other objects designed by Margaret De Patta. There are a few photographs of Margaret De Patta working on jewelry and other subjects, such as a trip to Japan and her house on Laidley Street in California.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged as 8 series.

Missing Title

Series 1: Correspondence, 1946-2011 (0.4 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 2: Writings, circa 1935-1963 (0.1 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 3: Teaching Files, 1944-1969 (0.2 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 4: Exhibition Files, 1948-2012 (0.4 linear feet; Boxes 1-2)

Series 5: Personal Business Records, 1943-2001 (0.9 linear feet; Box 2)

Series 6: Printed Material, 1938-1981 (0.1 linear feet; Box 3)

Series 7: Artwork and Sketchbook, circa 1930-circa 1960 (0.2 linear feet; Box 3)

Series 8: Photographs, circa 1935-1967 (0.4 linear feet; Boxes 3-4, OV 5)

Biographical / Historical:

San Francisco contemporary jewelry designer Margaret De Patta, née Strong, was born in Tacoma, Washington in 1903 and raised in San Diego, California. She was among the first contemporary studio jewelers and a proponent of modernism. De Patta studied painting at the San Diego Academy of Fine Arts from 1921-1923, the California School of Fine Arts from 1923-1925, and the New York Art Students League from 1926-1929.

Margaret De Patta began to create jewelry when she designed her own modernist wedding ring for her marriage to Sam De Patta in 1929. By the mid-1930s, she had become an accomplished jeweler whose work was frequently shown in galleries and museums. Her jewelry was featured in the 1939 Golden Gate International Exposition in San Francisco. Around 1939, De Patta also started collaborating with Francis Sperisen, a noted San Francisco lapidary. De Patta designed the shapes of the jewelry using Lucite and wood, and Sperisen would use her models as a reference for the actual gem cutting.

From 1940-1941, De Patta attended the Chicago Bauhaus (now the Institute of Design) where she studied under Laszlo Moholy-Nagy. De Patta's time at the school was formative and Moholy-Nagy was tremendously impressed with her work. She also met her future second husband Gene Bielawski while she was a student in Chicago.

In 1941, De Patta returned to San Francisco, divorced Sam De Patta, and renovated her Laidley Street house in Glen Park. In 1946, she married Eugene Bielawski. The couple taught at the California Labor School. They also moved to Napa and founded Designs Contemporary, a business for producing jewelry that was as high quality as De Patta's handcrafted pieces at more affordable prices. Since all aspects of the business were conducted by the two of them, the workload became overwhelming and Designs Contemporary closed in 1957.

In 1951, Margaret De Patta was a founding member of the San Francisco Metal Arts Guild, established to promote the metal arts and specifically address the unique needs of studio jewelers. During her lifetime, she befriended many artists and continued to create jewelry, teach, and lecture. De Patta died by suicide in 1964. Her innovative jewelry designs continue to be influential today.

Provenance:

The Margaret De Patta papers were donated in two installments in 2003 and 2015 by Martha Bielawski, the second wife of Margaret De Patta's second husband, Eugene Bielawski. These papers were collected as part of the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Jewelers -- California -- San Diego  Search this

Educators -- California -- San Diego  Search this

Topic:

Women artists  Search this

Women designers  Search this

Women educators  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Sketchbooks

Designs

Drawings

Citation:

Margaret De Patta papers, circa 1930-2012. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.depamarg

See more items in:

Margaret De Patta papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw94fb09f4d-503c-448e-b346-616d80a939d3

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-depamarg

Collection Creator:

Farrington, Gertrude  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1983-1987

Identifier:

AAG.GCA.FAR, Item CT131

See more items in:

Gertrude Farrington diaries

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Gardens

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb63e3330b8-ceb8-411b-b16d-5ead9b7fe55d

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aag-gca-far-ref2

Painter:

Bingham, George Caleb 1811-1879  Search this

Subject:

Dean, Abner Holton  Search this

Medium:

Oil over photograph on paper

Type:

Paintings

Owner/Location:

William Jewell College Liberty Missouri

Date:

1866

Topic:

Portrait male--Full length  Search this

Occupation--Religion--Clergy  Search this

Architecture interior--Civic--Prison  Search this

State of Being--Other--Imprisonment  Search this

Recreation--Leisure--Reading  Search this

Object--Written Matter--Book  Search this

Object--Written Matter--Newspaper  Search this

Control number:

IAP 81150287

Data Source:

Art Inventories Catalog, Smithsonian American Art Museums

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_ari_189985

Creator:

Hutton, William R., 1826-1901  Search this

Extent:

30 Cubic feet (33 boxes, 21 oversize folders)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Letterpress copybooks

Blueprints

Diaries

Drawings

Cashbooks

Business records

Business letters

Notebooks

Topographic maps

Tax records

Technical drawings

Stock certificates

Technical literature

Photoengravings

Notes

Maps

Microfilms

Linen tracings

Letter books

Letters

Land titles

Legal documents

Sketches

Salted paper prints

Reports

Receipts

Plans (drawings)

Photostats

Photographic prints

Architectural drawings

Administrative records

Albumen prints

Albums

Annual reports

Booklets

Account books

Books

Family papers

Financial records

Cyanotypes

Correspondence

Deeds

Printed material

Contracts

Photograph albums

Specifications

Christmas cards

Menus

Place:

France

Maryland

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

Panama Canal (Panama)

New Jersey

New York (N.Y.)

Hudson River

Baltimore (Md.)

Georgetown (Washington, D.C.)

New York

Washington Bridge

New Croton Aqueduct

Kanawha River Canal

Washington Aqueduct

Potomac River -- 19th century

Washington Memorial Bridge

Hudson River Tunnel

Date:

1830-1965

Summary:

The papers document the life and work of William R. Hutton, a civil engineer during the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Materials include diaries, notebooks, correspondence, letterpress copy book, printed materials, publications, specifications, photographs, drawings, and maps that document the construction of several architectural and engineering projects during this period. Most notable are the records containing information related to the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Hudson River Tunnel, the Washington Aqueduct, the Kanawha River Canal, and the Washington/Harlem River Bridge. There are also several records about railroads in the state of Maryland, the District of Columbia and elsewhere, including the Western Maryland Railroad, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Colorado Midlands Railway, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, the Northern Adirondack Railroad, and the Pittsfield and Williamstown Railroad. The records can be used to track the progression of these projects, and engineering innovation during the late 1800s to the early 1900s.

Scope and Contents:

These papers document William R. Hutton's professional career as a civil engineer and his personal affairs. Although the personal materials in the collection provide insight into a man and a family that have been largely forgotten by biographers, it is the professional materials that are perhaps the most interesting to researchers. They provide a compelling narrative of the push to the West that occurred in 19th century America and the internal improvements movement typified by the American System plan proposed by Henry Clay. Perhaps best remembered for the high tariffs that accompanied it, the American System plan was also concerned with the advancement of internal improvements, such as canals, that would unite the East and West in communication, travel, and trade. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal can be seen as one of the products of this movement (1) and was in fact initially heralded as the first great work of national improvement (2).

The papers in this collection that are related to the construction and maintenance of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal are an invaluable documentation of efforts during this turbulent time to unite the eastern and western United States. They provide details of the canal from its initial construction to its decline with the incline at Georgetown project. The canal also serves as an example, or perhaps a warning against, federal involvement in state improvement efforts as it was the first project to be directly funded and staffed by the federal government (3). The groundbreaking ceremony was attended by then President John Quincy Adams whose toast, "to the canal: perseverance," (4) became an ironic omen, as construction of the canal took over twenty-two years to be completed. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal materials can be used as a case study for the problems encountered during canal building (5). These problems are best typified in the collection by the papers relating to the Georgetown incline. This project was headed by Hutton and was plagued with construction problems, boating accidents, and obsolescence from the moment of its completion. Despite these issues, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal remains a structure of historical significance in America. As the third and last effort to construct an all-water route to the West (6), the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is an important artifact of 19th century attitudes and efforts towards commerce, trade, travel, and communication between the eastern and western United States. Other significant canals and water structures represented in the collection are the Kanawha Canal, the Washington Aqueduct, and a large collection of materials relating to the Kingston Water Supply (New York).

One of the most significant internal improvements made during this time was the railroad. The legal conflicts that arose between the canal companies and railroads is also represented in the materials relating to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal. These materials specifically deal with the legal conflict's between the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The development and construction of the railroads is also represented in the materials documenting the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, the Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, the Northern Adirondack Railroad, the Western Maryland Railroad, the Mexican National Railroad, the Colorado Midlands Railroad, and the Columbia Railroad.

The collection also demonstrates the spirit of innovation and invention that was prevalent in the engineering field in the nineteenth century. Joseph Gies writes, "...one of the distinctive characteristics of the great nineteenth century engineering adventurers was their readiness to gamble on the translation of theory into practice" (7). In this quote, he is speaking of the civil engineer Dewitt Clinton Haskins and a project that truly encapsulates engineering invention in the nineteenth century, the Hudson River Tunnel. Responding to the increase in the population of the City of New York in the late nineteenth century from sixty thousand to three and a half million, the Hudson River Tunnel was originally devised as a way to alleviate traffic and to transport train passengers directly across the Hudson River (8). Beginning with records dating from 1881 to 1901, the Hutton papers can be used to document not only the advances in engineering during this time but also the costs of progress. Haskins' initial efforts to build the tunnel using submerged air pressurized caissons were marked by failure and in some cases fatalities. Workers on the tunnel often suffered from what came to be known as "caisson disease" or "the bends," caused by the immense forces of compression and decompression experienced while working in the tunnels (9). This problem was so prevalent that as construction progressed the rate of worker deaths caused by "the bends" rose to twenty-five percent (10). Materials in the collection document worker complaints and deaths resulting from this disease as well as providing a technical record of the construction of the tunnel. The highlight of the materials relating to the Hudson River Tunnel is an album that contains photographs of workers in the tunnel and a detailed daily report of the construction progress on the tunnel that was maintained by Hutton's assistant, Walton Aims. The first hand account in these reports provides insight not only into the construction of the tunnel, but also the problems encountered.

Another project featured in the Hutton collection that was devised in response to the population explosion in the City of New York in the nineteenth century is the Harlem River Bridge, or as it is now known, the Washington Bridge. Known as one of the longest steel arch bridges of its time, the Harlem River Bridge also represents that spirit of invention and innovation that was prevalent in the civil engineering field during the nineteenth century. The collection provides an invaluable resource for those wishing to track the construction of the bridge from early concept drawings and proposals to finalized plans. Also present are photographs of the construction and workers. Societal response to the bridge in the form of newspaper and magazine clippings help to create the narrative of the Washington Bridge, and these are supplemented by correspondence from the builders, suppliers, and planners.

This collection also includes diaries, 1866-1901; letterpress copybooks, 1858-1901; correspondence on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Hudson River Tunnel, Washington Bridge over the Harlem River, and Maryland and Colorado railroads, 1861-1901, and on Hutton's financial and real estate affairs, 1835-1921; construction photographs of the Harlem River, Cairo, Poughkeepsie, Niagara bridges and the Hudson River Tunnel, Washington Aqueduct, and Capitol Dome (in the form of albumen, cyanotype, salted paper print); data and drawings; rolled land profile drawings; canal notes, 1828-1892; Hudson River Tunnel construction reports, 1889-1891; publications, drawings, and maps of railroad routes; pamphlets and reprints on hydraulic works and water supply; road, railway, bridge, and hydraulic construction specifications, 1870-1900; drawings (linen, oil cloth, and heavy drawing paper), and blueprints; account books, 1891-1899; and plans, drawings, field notebooks, and publications on American and European construction projects, especially in Maryland, New York, and France; personal correspondence detailing his role as executor for the estates of Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Annie Theller, and the Countess H. De Moltke-Hvitfeldt and his relationships with his children, siblings, cousins, and colleagues, 1850-1942.

Materials are handwritten, typed, and printed.

Special note should be made that any materials dated after the year 1901 were added to the collection by another creator who is unidentified. It can be speculated that professional materials added after this date were contributed by his brother and colleague Nathanial Hutton or his son Frank Hutton. Personal materials contributed after this date may have been added by his wife, daughters, or other members of his extended family.

Series 1, Letterpress Copybooks, 1858-1901, consists of twenty seven letterpress copybooks containing correspondence between Hutton and other engineers, architects, and building suppliers. The letterpress copybooks in this series have been arranged chronologically. The books involve a process by which ink is transferred through direct contact with the original using moisture and pressure in a copy press. The majority of the correspondence is business- related. Some letterpress copybooks are devoted to specific projects such as the Washington/Harlem River Bridge, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad, and the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. The letterpress copybooks provide a record of correspondence written by Hutton, which makes it distinctive from the other correspondence in the collection. Most of the other correspondence has Hutton as recipient.

The letterpress copybooks also document Hutton's various residences throughout his life and provide a glimpse into the civil engineering profession at the time by demonstrating how engineers shared ideas and comments about projects. This can be supplemented with the printed materials in the collection as many of the authors also appear in the correspondence. Other topics covered in the letterpress copybooks include business reports (specifically the report of the president and directors of the Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad), records of people and companies involved in projects, pasted in engineering sketches, engineering specifications and notes, travel expenses and estimates, construction histories and progress, legal issues with family estates, tax information, Colorado Railroad, payment certificate schedules, St. Paul Railroad, personal correspondence, title guarantees, Hudson River Tunnel, financial matters, real estate matters, insurance information, sketches and drawings, supply lists, cost estimates, the Memorial Bridge, Coffin Valve Company, engineering expenses, engineering calculations, payroll notes for Kingston Water Supply, proposals, account information, Hutton Park, reservoirs, contract drafts, French Society of Civil Engineers, inspection results (specifically Piedmont Bridge), land descriptions, damage reports, Morse Bridge, Illinois Central Railroad, North Sea Canal, moveable dams, iron works, site histories, Potomac Lock and Dock Company, Kanawha River canal (lock quantities, specifications, payroll information), Pennsylvania Canal, and bills for services.

Series 2, Professional Correspondence, 1861-1901, consists of correspondence that relates to Hutton's architectural and engineering projects. This series is further subdivided into two subseries: Project Correspondence and General Correspondence. Subseries 1, Project Correspondence, 1876-1899, correspondence is divided by project and arranged alphabetically. Subseries 2, General Correspondence, 1861-1901, is arranged chronologically. Both series contain handwritten and typed letters. Some letters are on letterpress copybook pages and are most likely copies. Some materials are in French and Spanish. Special note should be made that this series does not contain all of the professional correspondence in the collection. Some correspondence has been separated according to project and placed in Series 8, Professional Projects, 1830-1965, in order to make it easier for researchers to access materials related to those subjects.

Subseries 1, professional correspondence topics include comparisons between construction projects (specifically comparisons of the Kanawha River Canal to other canals), supply lists, location recommendations, sketches, construction plans and modifications, bills for supplies and works, leaks in the gates, cost estimates, Brooklyn Water Supply, use of lake storage (Ramapo Water Supply), water supply to states and counties, damages to water supply pipes, estimates of water quantities, responses to construction reports, legal issues related to projects, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, and payment for services.

Subseries 2, general correspondence topics include employment opportunities, committee meetings and elections, land surveys, sketches, engineering plans and ideas, work on projects, dismissal from projects, notes on supplies, Washington Aqueduct, construction progress, land purchases, Civil War, Jones Falls, cost of water pumps, steam drills, lots divisions and prices, repairs, report of the engineering bureau, tidewater connection at Annapolis, bridge construction, construction costs, statement of vessels that entered and cleared Baltimore, technical questions from colleagues, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, supply costs, letters of introduction, requests for reference, changes to plans and designs, survey reports, St. Andrew's lot, Canal Coal Company, publication process, American Society of Civil Engineers and its members, responses to project inquiries, Graving Dock gross revenue, job offers, specifications, trade figures, contracts, water levels, appointment dates and times, moveable dams, proposals for membership, salaries, Piedmont Coal Lands, maps, land profiles, Washington Bridge, board payments, Nicaragua Canal, Grant Coal Company, statistics, engineering notes, Hartford Bridge, water pressures, coal deposits, Colorado Coal, pipe lines, reservoirs, boat costs for canals, floods, bridges, letters of resignation, engines, Ruxton Viaduct, Colorado and Midland Railroad, Morse Bridge, share values, railroad locations, membership invitations, call for submissions, structural tests, record of accounts for room and board, appointments, water rights (Putnam County), publications, blueprints, visitation programs, cotton compresses, street trenches, pressures in dams, level tests, Portland Transportation bureau, trade information, concrete steel, Chicago drainage canal, ship canals, Augusta Cotton and Compress Company, Sooysmith case, Consolidated Gas Company, masonry, book binding, Columbia Railway Company, jetties, land grades, Chesapeake and Delaware canal, water wheels, pneumatic lock, tunnel arches, rifton power, Hutton's health, elevators, Brooklyn Bridge Terminals, girder weights, legal issues and their results, rating table for the Potomac, land profiles, transmission lines, transformers, water turbines, and water power on the Potomac River.

Correspondents for this series include the following: Captain Montgomery C. Meigs, Captain T.W. Symons, William Bryan, Ernest Flagg, John Hurd, Jake Wolfe, J.C. Saunders, J.H. Dolph, Charles J. Allen, G.H. Mendell, Virgil S. Bogue, B.A. Mounnerlyn, Edward Burr, H.G. Prout, R. William, H. Dodge, C.R. Suter, M. Mink, W.R. King, John Lyons, Alex Brown and Sons, John G. Butler, D. Condon, Bernard Carter, R.P. McCormick, D.R. Magruder, Andrew Banks, Isaac Solomon, C.J. Mayer, C.W. Kern, John Herring, James S. Mackie, D.R. Magunde, D. Rittaguide, R.S. Stevens, J.L. Raudolph (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad), J.M. Lane, W.D. Stuart, W.G.P. Palmer (Committee Church of the Ascension), C. Crozet, General W. Hughes, V.R. Maus, J.M. Hood (Western Maryland Railroad Company), Ernest Pontzen, M. Haus, William F. Craighill, Harry Hutton, John W. Pearce, Reverend James A. Harrald, William Watson, A.L. Rives, Thomas Monro, A.F. Croswan (Commander United States Navy), H.R. Garden, William McAlpine, James Forrest, Wm. Bloomsfield, Daniel Ammen, Linel Wells, A. and Otto Sibeth, Alfred Noble, Clemens Hershel, Sidney Warner, E.H. de Rheville, Theodore Cooper, William Findlay Shunk, Lewis S. Wolfe, Rufus Mead, Theodore F. Taylor, John Bogart, J. Whaler, B. Williamson, Colonel F.V. Greene, Robert H. Sayre (Lehigh Valley Railroad Company), Charles W. Pussey, Louis Q. Rissel, V.C. Bogue, H.C. Eckenberger, Melville E.G. Leston, Edwin Parson, Rudolph Hering, R.S. Hale, F.M. Turner, Thosl Martindale, Justus C. Strawbridge, William M. Ayresm, R.L. Austin, A.M. Miller, P. Livingston Dunn, T.J. Cleaver, C.S. Dutton, H.A. Carson, William Bainbridge Jaudon, H.A. Presset, Thomas H. McCann, Russel Sturgis, H.G. Prout, Alexis H. French, John K. Cowen, F.W. Williams, J. Waldorf, B.H. Byrant, B.H. Jones, M.H. Rogers, J.W. Ogden, General W. Cashing, William Longhudge, A.J. Cameron, T.L. Patterson, J.J. Hagerman, H. Wigglesworth, Charles B. Rowland, E. Bantz, W.G. Lathrop, Clarence King, George Rowland, George A. Tibbals (Continental Iron Works), George N. Vanderbilt, Eugene C. Lewis, F.P. Burt, Colonel John C. Clarke, Lieutenant Thomas Turtle, W.S.M. Scott, E. Bates Dorsey, Bernard Carter, George M. Shriver (Baltimore and Ohio Railroad), Russel Sturgis, Macmillan Publishing, James Abernethy, B. Baker, J.G.W. Fynje, A. Mallet, Jean Hersuy, L.F. Vernon Horcourt, Robert Lilley, A.J. Johnson, F.M. Colby, Henry D. Loney, A.S. Cameron, James A. Harrald, William Watson, John B. Lervis, A.L. Rives, Edwin F. Bidell, Frank H. Stockett, E. McMahon, C.F. Elgin, Enrique Budge, G. Clayton Gardiner, Dwight Porter, William A. Chapman, T.E. Sickels, Theodore Cooper, C.J. Warner, Institution of Civil Engineers, Robert Gordon, United States Coast of Geodetic Survey Office, C.P. Pattun, J.N. Putnam, Sidney B. Warner, H.D. Fisher, Union Pacific Railway Company, Lewis S. Wolle, George E. Waring Junior, The American Exhibition, G.F. Swain, American Society of Civil Engineers, N.H. Whitten, U.S. Engineer Office, Government Works Committee, J.J. Hagerman, D. Jackson, Sterling Iron and Railway Company, E.P. Alexander, E. Williamson, Central Railway Company of New Jersey, William A. Underwood, F. Collingwood, James Dun (Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroad Company), Henry F. Kilburn, Louis A. Bissell, Virgil G. Boque, H.C. Eckenberger, Melville Egleston, Charles Parson, George Swain, Continental Iron Works, Rudolph Hering, J.B. Gordon, Mayor's Office (Baltimore), Harry Robinson, Pennsylvania Railway Company, W.H. Gahagan, L. Luiggi, B.H. Bryant, T.J. Cleaver (Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Company), H.A. Carson, H.A. Presset (Department of the Interior, United States Geological Survey), John K. Cowen, Vernon H. Brown, J. Waldorf, B.H. Bryant, L.F. Root, P.W. White, Metropolitan Railroad Company, Charles F. Mayer (Consolidated Coal Company, Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad Company), J.M. Lane (Western Maryland Railroad), Dr. R.S. Stewart (Annapolis and Elk Ridge Railroad), Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad (John Lyons, John G. Butler, D. Candon, R.P. McCormick, Andrew Banks), Thomas F. Rowland, J.A. Bensel, Walton Aims, S.D. Coykendall, H.C. Rogers, John F. Ward, T.B. Jewell, H.A. Pressey, C.S. Armstrong, J. Nennett, V.G. Bague.

Series 3, Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942, contains correspondence with immediate and extended family, specifically the heirs to the Benjamin H. Hutton and Joseph Hutton estates and Adele Gorman. Correspondence is primarily arranged chronologically, but some files have been divided based on subject or author (the Deer Park and Adele Gorman files), or by form (the Telegrams, and Cablegrams file). Special note is made of the posthumous correspondence file, which includes correspondence both relating to Hutton's death and correspondence that was written by family members after the years of his death. The series contains both hand written and typed letters. Some correspondence is in French. The correspondence demonstrates his relationship with his children specifically Elizabeth (Bessie) Hutton, and illuminates his role in his family. This series also provides details about nineteenth century upper class society and activities. Special note should be made that this folder does not contain all of the personal correspondence contained in the collection. Some correspondence has been separated according to recipient, or subject in order to make researching these recipients or subjects easier.

Series 3 correspondence topics include: estate payments, distribution of assets, funds transfers, estate lines, conflicts with tenants, sketches, lot maintenance, real estate sales, deeds, real estate sales negotiations, congratulations wishes on new babies, family illnesses, family affairs and travels, traveling directions, personal investments, invitations for social occasions, family debts, professional interests, professional and personal appointments, family issues, requests for money, sketches, advice to children (specifically Frank Hutton), life insurance, books, letters of introduction, legal issues, funeral expenses, charity donations, advertisements, minutes from professional organizations, army enlistment, deaths of friends and family, recipes, estimates of personal expenses, renovations, stock certificates (Great Northern Railway Company, New York), food, social activities, the weather, marriages, real estate and construction plans, and loan agreements.

Correspondents include the following: Frank Hutton, Thomas B. Brookes, J.L. Marcauley, C.M. Matthews, Edward J. Hancy, John M. Wilson, H.A. Carson, William H. Wiley (of John Wiley and Sons Scientific Publishers, New York), Georgina Hutton, Pierre and Jane Casson, George McNaughlin, Henrietta Hutton, Aaron Pennington Whitehead, J.B. Wheeler, B. Williamson, Robert De Forest, Elizabeth (Bessie) Hutton, Grace Beukard, J.C. Saunders, Mary Hutton, William J. Pennington, C.S. Hurd, Henry C. Cooper, Henry J. Segers, S.F. Miller, Annie Theller, Alfred Noble, Maria Burton, Joseph Hobson, E. Lennon, F. Hulberg, Charles Gordon Hutton, Edward C. Ebert, A. William Lewin, E.R. Dunn, William P. Craighill, Theodore Cooper, P.I. Chapelle, Anita McAlpine, Clarence King, Victoria Raymond, and Adele Gorman.

Series 4, Personal Materials, 1835-1946, contains documentation about Hutton's personal finances, role as executor of the Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Annie Theller, and Countess H. De Moltke-Hvitfeldt estates, Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary Hutton (daughter), Frank Hutton, John Caulfield (son-in-law), and B.F. and C.H. Hutton. The series has been divided into four subseries: Financial Records, 1876-1901, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, Other Huttons, 1876-1936, and Personal Material, 1878-1946. Subseries 2, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, contains correspondence relating to specific family estates and family members. This correspondence was separated from Series 3, Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942, to make it easier for researchers to access all records relating to the family estates. This series includes hand written, typed, and printed materials. Some materials are in French. All material dated after 1901 has been added to the collection by other creators such as Hutton's wife and children.

Subseries 1, Financial Records, 1876-1901, includes account books, account records, correspondence related to bank accounts, bank statements, financial notes, bills and proofs of payment, rent receipts, tax bills (New York, Flatbush, Montgomery County), checks, money exchanges, receipts for tax payments, real estate receipts, stock and bond certificates, loan agreements, executor accounts, rebate calculation sheet, and tax and insurance payments.

Subseries 2, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921, includes property maps and information (rent, mortgage costs, deeds), correspondence, notes on estate distribution, estate assets, value of estate and estate payments, account records, loan agreements, receipts, proof of payments, checks, financial records, legal documents, insurance documents, tax bills, auction receipts, and wills relating to the estates of Benjamin H. Hutton, Joseph Hutton, Countess H. de Moltke-Hivtfeldt, Annie Theller, and William R. Hutton. Also included are correspondence, property maps and information, and deeds and mortgages on Hutton properties.

Subseries 2, the estate and real estate records correspondence topics include: Virginia state building codes, construction costs, construction notices, purchasing offers for property, real estate prices, receipts of payments, property lines, real estate purchases and sales, real estate sales negotiations, deeds insurance estimates and costs, loan costs, property estimates, renovation costs, mortgages, property damages and repairs, property tax payments, insurance rates and payments, rent payments, telephone installation, building permits, rental agreements, reports on property condition, contracts of sale, conflicts with tenants, changes of address, deeds, distribution of estate monies, details about the Countess' illness, estate arrangements, changes of address, problems arising out of estate distribution, payment of debts, will details, selling of mortgage shares, accounts, estate settlement, money cables and transfers, dealings with lawyers, rent on Hutton Park property, legal and accounting fees, power of attorney transfer, investments, property security, land appraisals, lists of assets, legacy taxes, mortgages transfers, property management, Flatbush property, property rent and values, and physicians bills.

Correspondents include the following: A.C. Weeks, Walter I. Green, John D. Probsh, A.G. Darwin, Thomas H. McCann, Allan Farguhar, Thomas Dawson, Potter and Crandall Real Estate and Insurance Brokers, George C. Tilyou, H.D. Olephant, F. Winston, Richard E. Calbraith, Frank P. Martin, Henry DeForest, Henry C. Cooper, Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Company, John Ecker, C.K. Avevill, Georgina Hutton, Edward J. Hancy, Robert Graham, W.M. Bennett, Willis E. Merriman, Nathan L. Miller, Harry Hutton, Marquise de Portes (Adele Gorman), Annie Theller, Samuel L. Theller, Mrs. R. Locke, Frank Z. Adams, John Palmer (Secretary of State, New York), J.T. Cammeyer, Frank P. Martin, Florence Theller, Francis H. Seger, Henry C. Cooper, D.W.G. Cammeyer, Campbell W. Adams, Jane Casson, Elizabeth Hutton, Rene de Portes, H.G. Atkins, Grace Beukard, Aaron Pennington Muikhead, J.E. Delapalme, T.H. Powers, Egerton L. Winthrop Junior, George B. Glover, William Jay and Robert W. Candler, B. Williamson, J.E. Knaff, Cornelius C. Vermeule, S.V. Hayden, Charles G. Landon[?], H.A. Hurlbert, F.A. Black, John L. Calwalder, the Health Department of New York, A.G. Darwin, William Laue, Frederick Frelinghuysen, Charles S. Brown, Henrietta Hutton, Edward Gelon.

Subseries 3, Other Huttons, 1874-1936, includes professional drawings and proposals, checks, insurance information, correspondence, tax information, medical information, tax bills, relating to Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary Hutton (daughter), Henry and Harry Hutton, Frank Hutton (son), John Caulfield (son-in-law), B.F. Hutton, and C.H. Hutton.

Subseries 4, Personal Materials, 1878-1946, contains handwritten property notes, school notes, sermons, travel documents, menus, Christmas cards, jewelry box, postal guide, typed religious materials and flyers.

Series 5, Diaries, 1866-1901, contains twenty nine diary books that document both Hutton's personal and professional life. These diaries provide not only a record of Hutton's life, but were also used by Hutton himself as a reference tool. When working on projects he would refer to notes and observations he made in his diary (as evidenced by notes made in his diaries). The first pages of the diaries often list his height, weight and clothing sizes as they varied from year to year. A researcher could probably use the cashbooks (see Series 7) and the diaries in conjunction as both detail the purchases made by Hutton. Many of the diaries also include a short record of accounts in the back. The diaries are arranged chronologically.

Topics found in the diaries include short form accounts of daily activities and appointments, records of the weather, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, construction progress on projects, steam pumps, sketches and calculations, extension of Washington railroads, cost of food, work supplies, travel costs, costs of goods and food, work deadlines, home renovations, visits to family, cash accounts, accounts of household duties, produce on Woodlands property, records of deaths, debts owed, account of clearing Woodlands property, church visits, Hancock and Tonoloway Aqueduct, canals, Drum Point Railroad, Montgomery C. Meigs, Washington Aqueduct, Annapolis Water Works, telegram costs, wages for Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, William Craighill, Morris Canal, Annapolis Railroad and Canal, professional duties (inspections), Kanawha River Canal, travel schedules, professional expenses, cash received from Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, John's Dam, cathedral construction (St. Patricks?), Piedmont Bridge, Cumberland, account of farm property belonging to Major Campbell Bruns, Cunard Pier, Marquise de Portes, rent costs, Baltimore Canal, Kingston Water Supply, Croton Orange Estate, Pierre Casson, Hudson River Tunnel, Washington/Harlem River Bridge, entertainment costs, Greenwood cemetery, train schedule, notes on illness, real estate sales, Hutton Park, Benjamin H. Hutton estate and heirs, estimates, accounts of correspondence received and sent, Central Railroad, rent on Orange properties, addresses, contracts and building supplies for projects, personal finances, Joseph Hutton property on Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, amounts paid and received, medical appointments, Ramapo Water Company, drawing progress of maps and diagrams, Harbor Board (New York), property repairs, inspection and test reports, reservoirs, lists of birthdays, Boston Tunnel, family financial issues, tax payments, and prayers.

Series 6, Notebooks, 1860-1900, document the engineering and architectural projects worked on by Hutton. The series has been divided into three subseries: Subseries 1, Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899; Subseries 2, Notebooks, 1871-1886; and Subseries 3, Notes, 1863-1900. Subseries 1, Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899, contains sixteen field notebooks used by Hutton. Subseries 2, Notebooks, 1871-1886, contains seven notebooks. Subseries three, Notes, 1863-1900, contains four documents.

Some notebooks correspond to specific projects such as the Kanawha River Canal (lockgate and Phoenix Waterline), Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, Buffalo Reservoir, Potomac Lock and Dock Company, Northern Adirondack Railroad account, Washington Aqueduct, Little Rock Bridge, Wilson-Adam Dock, Croten Brick Works, Hutton Park, Centennial Iron Works, Cumberland Canal, Williamsport Aqueduct, Catoctin Aqueduct, Alexandria Canal, Miller's Saw Mill, Seneca Dam, Union Tunnel, Cumberland Waterworks, Victoria Bridge, Welland Canal, North Sea Canal, Ramapo Water Company, Annapolis Water Company, Antietam Aqueduct, Interoceanic Canal, San Quentin Canal, Suez Canal, Amsterdam Canal, Harlem Bulkhead, Morris Canal, Blue Lake Canal, and Nicaragua Canal.

These notebooks should be used in conjunction with the other materials in the collection related to professional projects, as they often provide more detailed accounts of the construction and land surveys. Some of the notebooks contain entries from several different sources. The notebooks were probably shared among the engineers working on these projects. The notebooks also contain looseleaf ephemera such as hand written calculations, newspaper clippings, and blueprints. Languages found in this series are English and French.

Notebook topics include construction projects, supply needs, costs for labor, sketches (Woodland Mills, landscapes, dams, railway cars, Noland Tunnel), costs of crops, survey measurements, cost of livestock, aqueducts, inspections, canal bridges, seed prices, dams, measurements, coffer dam, canal maintenance, worker salaries, calculations, towpath sketches and measurements, shipping rates, worker accidents, water and coal used, geometrical sketches (Washington Aqueduct), locks, damage reports, interactions with other engineers (William Reading), coal shipments on the canal, travel expenses, land survey notes, drafts for correspondence, William Craighill, Victoria docks, lists of personal supplies used, construction time estimates, surveying expenses, telegram costs, sand pump, canal from Sherling to Tuxedo Bay, analysis of several artificial lakes and reservoirs, distances of reservoirs to main pipes, calculations for the Austin Wheel, engine construction, bridges, gauging water depth, results and observations of tests and performance, problems with construction, to-do lists, cost of land surrounding towpaths, Fawcett's Lock, Tarman's Lock, comparison of costs in transporting coal by water and by rail, inspection notes, iron work, drainages, leaks, cost of supplies, watergates, harbor ferries, railroad station distances, flood protection, Panama Canal via the Nicaraguan route, cost of jetties, water levels, pressure of steam, boilers, steam and water cycle, water depth, cement, Great Falls, Virginia, waterflow, soundings, time of floats, flow of currents, rain fall measurements, tunnel measurements, cost of trenching San Francisco water supply, record of livestock, cost of food, rates of sawing woods and mills, preliminary railroad line measurements, profile of final line, and railroad line profiles.

Series 7, Cash Books, 1856-1899, contains seven cashbooks which list prices for personal items purchased by Hutton. Topics include groceries, church dues, clothes, hygiene products, cigars, some short journal entries about his work (Williamstown), concerts, dinners, family addresses, cakes, meals, cars, stamps, office supplies (pencils and papers), valentines, glasses, gloves, fabric, medicine, needles, diapers, tobacco, shoes (adult and childrens), travel expenses, telegrams, candles, newspapers, liquor, coal oil, jewelry, allowances given to family members, bank deposits, monies paid and received, taxes, subscriptions, tailoring costs, deposits and payments into estate trusts, and notes about payments to Benjamin H. Hutton heirs. The cashbooks also contain some personal loose leaf ephemera such as prayers, sketches, and engineering notes collected by Hutton.

Series 8, Professional Projects, 1830-1965, contains documents about engineering and architectural projects throughout Hutton's career, including information about the professional organizations and the legal issues in which he was involved. This series has been divided into eight subseries based on project, document form, and document subject. Some materials are in French and Italian.

Series 8, Professional Projects, also includes correspondence related to specific projects, primarily the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, the Hudson River Tunnel, the Washington/Harlem River Bridge, and the Georgetown Incline.

Topics include construction and repair to the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, engineering and use of Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, worker contracts, supply and labor purchases, design plans and proposals, construction and repair costs, supply notes and costs of supplies, water pressure and power, shipping materials and routes (specifically the shipping of coal), inspections and their findings, condition of canal dam and locks, water supply, drainage, sketches, board proceedings, business meetings, deeds, cost comparisons to other shipping methods, hiring processes, wages, cost estimates, Hutton's consulting fees, measurements and calculations, funding issues, worker conflicts, negotiations with municipal governments, payment schedules, bills for services, air pressure in Hudson River Tunnel, permission for construction, specifications, mortality rate among workers on the Hudson River Tunnel, construction reports, outlet incline, proposals for construction, letters of introduction, railroad versus water for trade, controversy with Tiersey, construction contracts, construction schedules, construction issues, construction progress, construction damage, basis for estimates, supply requests, internal politics, changes to construction plans, contract and price adjustments, issues with suppliers, construction delays, work permits, bills, worker issues, engineering notes, construction excavations, expenses, construction instructions, Union Bridge Company, lighting installations, construction processes, hiring practices, electrical conductors, water proofing, hydraulics, cement, concrete, payment of contributors, processes of approval for construction, meeting dates of the Harlem River Bridge Commission, and contract restrictions.

Correspondents include the following: W.W.M. Kaig, Henry Dodge, E. Mulvany, John Shay, James Clarke, H.D. Whitcomb, Horace Benton, J. Rellan, J.R. Maus, W.E. Merrill, A.P. Gorman, J.H. Staats, Vernon H. Brown, Charles H. Fisher (New York Central and Hudson River Railway Company), B. Baker, John Fowler, Benjamin and John Dos Passos, Charles B. Colby, Charles B. Brush, S. Pearson, Stanford White, Horace E. Golding, R.H. Smith, Daniel Lord, A. Fteley, Herbert Hinds, J.R. Bartlett, D.M. Hirsch, M.H. Bartholomew, Thomas O. Driscoll, W.E. Porter, Thomas F. Rowland, George Edward Harding, R.H. Dames, William Watson, James B. Eads, J.D. Bright, H. Aston, Charles Suley, A.M. Maynard, W.R. Henton, G. Geddes, H.P. Gilbut, Malcolm W. Niver (Secretary of the Harlem River Bridge Commission), J.D. Patterson, George Devin (Assistant Engineer Washington/ Harlem River Bridge), J.B. Wheeler, John Bogart, Charles Burns, J. McClellon, Rob Bassee, B. Williamson, Theodore Cooper, Lewis Cass Ledyard, R.M. Hunt, John Cooper, Henry Wilson, A.A. Caille, Myles Tierney, W. Pentzen, L.B. Cantfield, George Q. Grumstaid Junior, M.J. Funton, George Pierce, W.O. Fayerweather, Noah S. Belthen, Herbert Steward, W.M. Habirsham. Subseries 1, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 1828-1965, consists of plans, blueprints, land profiles, drawings, boat rates, contract forms, order forms, descriptions of the canal, design information, engineering data, sketches, cost estimates, land titles, microfilm, business papers, supply bills, patent bills, news clippings, reports, specifications, stockholder's reports, receipts, water leases, printed materials, and correspondence.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal project was started in 1828 and completed twenty two years later in 1850. The canal's main objective was to connect Georgetown to the coal banks above Cumberland, Maryland, providing a short and cheap trade route between the eastern and western United States. It was also hoped that the canal would provide greater communication and travel between these two regions. Plagued by natural disasters, and construction setbacks, the canal was never completed in time to be useful and became obsolete shortly after its completion. Canal trade was eventually put out of business by the increase of railroads. Although it was an important development in engineering at its inception, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal is no longer in use and has become what locals affectionately refer to as "the old ditch." The canal was designated a National Historical Park in 1971 and consists of 184.5 miles of hiking and biking trails.

Subseries 2, Hudson River Tunnel, 1887-1901, consists of agreements for construction, certificates, contracts, and cost estimates, construction reports, engineering notebooks, engineering notes, sketches, land profiles, maps, progress profiles, plans, proposals, printed material, statements of expenses, and correspondence.

The Hudson River Tunnel project was started in 1874, and the final tubes were opened in 1910 after several construction setbacks. The tunnel connects Weehawken, New Jersey and Pennsylvania Station in Manhattan, New York City. Today the Hudson River Tunnel, known as the North River Tunnels is used by Amtrak's Northeast Corridor and New Jersey Transit rail lines.

Subseries 3, Harlem River Bridge, 1878-1982, consists of blueprints, printed materials, photographs, engineer's estimates, schedules, costs, reports, proposals, contracts, specifications, and correspondence.

The Harlem River Bridge project was started in 1885 and was completed in 1889. It spans the Harlem River in New York City, New York and connects the Washington Heights section of Manhattan with the Bronx. It was later named and is still known as the Washington Bridge and has been adapted over time to carry highway traffic. These adaptations have allowed the bridge to remain in use today.

Subseries 4, Other Projects, 1858-1832, consists of drawings, maps, blueprints, plans, proposals, cost estimates, bills, correspondence, sketches, land profiles, dimensions, engineering notes, account records, photostats, supply lists, calculations, legal documents, surveys, inspection reports, financial data, and measurements on architectural and engineering projects. Highlights of this subseries include: Western Maryland Railroad, Washington Aqueduct, Panama Canal, Ramapo Water Company, Piedmont Bridge, Northern Adirondack Railroad, Columbia Railroad, Morris Canal, Pittsfield and Williamstown Railroad, Suez Canal, St. Gothard Canal, Tansa Dam, Colorado Midland Railroad Company, Memorial Bridge, Mersey Tunnel, Little Rock Bridge, Kingston Water Supply, Kanawha River Canal, Florida Ship Canal, East Jersey Water Company, Consolidated Coal Company, Dismal Swamp Canal, Boston and Baltimore Tunnels, St. Patrick's Cathedral, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Annapolis Water Company, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad Company, and the Baltimore Beltline.

Subseries 5, Unidentified Project Files, 1872-1900, consists of bills of sale, engineering forms and regulations, cement test results and methods, census bulletin, contracts, cost estimates, correspondence, notes on publications, engineering data and notes, drawings, surveys, sketches, payrolls, photographs, and reports.

Subseries 6, Specifications, 1870-1900, consists of documents related to some of Hutton's projects, including specifications for bridges, reservoirs, canals, viaducts, docks, buildings, water works, and tunnels. Some specifications are more general, and some are blank proposal/specification forms. There are also proposals for estimates and a "call" or advertisement to contractors to bid on certain projects. Many of the specifications deal with projects in New York State, but projects in Pennsylvania, the City of Baltimore, and Europe are represented. The materials are arranged alphabetically by project name. There is one folder of documentation for the Potomac River Bridge (Arlington Memorial Bridge) in Washington, D.C. The Arlington Memorial Bridge was part of the 1901 McMillan Commission's plan for restoring Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's original plan for the capital. Two decades passed before construction was initiated by the architectural firm McKim, Mead, and White. The documentation for the Memorial Bridge consists of calculations and monetary figures for materials such as granite.

Subseries 7, Legal Documents, 1886, contains documents related to a patent infringement suit for moveable dams involving Alfred Pasqueau vs. the United States. This file contains both a printed version of the case and a handwritten statement from Hutton.

Subseries 8, Professional Organizations, 1870-1902, contains documents related to professional organizations where Hutton held membership. Specific organizations represented are American Institute of Architects, American Society of Civil Engineers, Institution of Civil Engineers, Boston Society of Civil Engineers, Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France, Librarie Polytechnique, American Agency of "Engineering" in London, Imperial Institute, League of Associated Engineers, Railroad Corporation, American Institute of Mining Engineers, and the Century Association. Material in the subseries includes correspondence, candidates for membership, membership payments, membership lists, meeting minutes, schedule of terms, professional practices, charges, articles of association, invitations for membership, and election notes. Some materials are in French.

Series 9, Printed Materials, 1850-1913, contains a variety of printed materials relating to engineering and architectural projects written by Hutton and fellow engineers. This series can be used to examine not only professional developments of the period and responses to those developments, but also to track how ideas were transferred between engineers across countries and continents. This series should be used in conjunction with the professional correspondence found in this collection, as many of the authors also appear there. Some materials are in French, German, Spanish, and Italian.

Subseries 1, Printed Materials by Hutton, 1852-1900, includes printed papers on the Missouri flood wave, the Ravine du Sud, the Potomac waterfront, the Colorado midlands, and the application of water supply machinery.

Subseries 2, Printed Materials by Others, 1826-1913, includes printed materials on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canals, Tehuantec Ship Railway, Interoceanic canals and railways, jetties, Nicaragua Canal, uses of cements, mortars, concretes, steam power, harbors, Niagara Falls, Kanawha River canal, Mississippi River, Hudson River Bridge, sewage disposal, Washington Aqueduct, specifications, construction progress reports, hydraulic experiments, water supply, drainage, road surfacing, sea walls, water-cooling apparatus, pollution reports, bridges, pipes, channels, reservoirs, irrigation, water power, and sewers.

Subseries 2 contains an issue of The North American Review in which Hutton has specifically highlighted an article entitled, "The Inter-Oceanic Canal." Please see the container list for names of authors.

Subseries 3, Printed Materials with No Author, 1852-1903, includes printed materials on harbor reports, Annapolis Water Company, Ramapo Water Company, water departments and boards, maps, engineer's reports, sea walls, preservation of structures, annual reports, Coal and Iron Railway Company, sewers, Baltimore and Drum Point Railroad, contract specifications, proposals, social club life, Croton Water Supply, law suits, water supplies, moveable dams, reservoirs, East River Bridge, Eastern Canal, water filtration, Kingston New Water Supply, water pipes, locks, docks, contracts, construction reports, Croton Water Supply, and surveys. Also included are issues of journals such as Le Correspondant, Circular of the Office of Chief Engineers, The Club, VIII Congres International de Navigation, Journal of the Association of Engineering Studies, and Journal of the Franklin Institute.

Subseries 4, Newspaper, Journals and Magazine Clippings, 1873-1900, contains clippings from a variety of newspapers such as Scientific American, andRailroad Gazette. Subjects included are the Union Tunnel opening in Baltimore, Drum Point Railroad, railroad company conflicts, Washington/Harlem River Bridge, Metropolitan Railroad, Western Maryland Railroad, crop prospects, lumber trade, North Avenue Bridge, Nicaraguan Canal, harbors, river improvements, reactions to engineering projects, Belt tunnel, city transit, Washington, D.C. flood in 1880, tunnel shields, Springfield Bridge, railroad patents, Panama Canal, jetties, Hudson Tunnel, steel boilers, composition and use of cement, and the Brooklyn Bridge.

Subseries 5, Oversized Printed Materials, 1889-1892, contains large printed materials related to the Washington Aqueduct, General Post Office Building, subway arches, cornices, Warwick's Castle, Neuschwanstein Castle, Renaissance paintings, botanical drawings, school buildings, church architecture, the Hospital for the Insane of the Army and Navy and the District of Columbia, the Panama Canal, Morningside Park, and the Mississippi Jetties. Also includes engravings of Hutton, T.N. Talfound, and F. Jeffrey and photographs of Montgomery C. Meigs, and Hutton. Some materials are in German and French.

References:

1. Ward, George Washington, "The Early Development of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Project," Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science Series XVII, no. 9-11 (1899): 8.

2. Ibid., 88.

3. Ibid., 55.

4. Ibid., 90.

5. Sanderlin, Walter S., "The Great National Project: A History of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal," Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science Series LXIV, no. 1 (1946): 21.

6. Ibid., 282.

7. Gies, Joseph, Adventure Underground (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday and Company Inc., 1962): 134.

8. Ibid., 131-132.

9. Ibid., 135-136.

10. Ibid., 145.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into ten series.

Series 1, Letterpress Copybooks, 1858-1901

Series 2, Professional Correspondence, 1861-1901

Subseries 1, Project Correspondence, 1876-1899

Subseries 2, General Correspondence, 1861-1901

Series 3, Personal Correspondence, 1850-1942

Series 4, Personal Materials, 1835-1946

Subseries 1, Financial Records, 1876-1901

Subseries 2, Estate and Real Estate Records, 1835-1921

Subseries 3, Other Huttons, 1874-1936

Subseries 4, Personal Materials, 1878-1946

Series 5, Diaries, 1866-1901

Series 6, Notebooks, 1860-1900

Subseries 1, Engineering and Survey Field Notes, 1860-1899

Subseries 2, Notebooks, 1871-1886

Subseries 3, Notes, 1863-1900

Series 7, Cashbooks, 1856-1899

Series 8, Professional Projects, 1830-1965

Subseries 1, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 1828-1965

Subseries 2, Hudson River Tunnel, 1887-1901

Subseries 3, Harlem River Bridge, 1878-1892

Subseries 4, Other Projects, 1858-1932

Subseries 5, Identified Project Files, 1872-1900

Subseries 6, Specifications, 1870-1900

Subseries 7, Legal Documents, 1886

Subseries 8, Professional Organizations, 1870-1902

Series 9, Printed Materials, 1826-1913

Subseries 1, Printed Materials by Hutton, 1852-1900

Subseries 2, Printed Materials by Others, 1826-1913

Subseries 3, Newspaper, Journals, and Magazine Clippings, 1855-1901

Subseries 4, Oversized Printed Material, 1889-1892

Series 10: Drawings, 1875, 1883

Biographical / Historical:

Not much is known about the history of William Rich Hutton outside of his role in architectural and engineering projects of the late 1800s and early 1900s. In many cases, he is spoken of only in reference to his projects, and the short biographies that have been written read more like a resume than a life story. Because of this lack of information, this note will focus on Hutton's professional accomplishments, but will attempt to make some comments on his personal life.

William Rich Hutton was born on March 21, 1826 in Washington, D.C., the eldest son of James Hutton (died 1843) and his wife, the former Salome Rich (1). He was educated at the Western Academy (Washington, D.C.) from 1837-1840 under George J. Abbot and then at Benjamin Hallowell's School in Alexandria, Virginia, where he received special training in mathematics, drawing, and surveying (2). Hutton began his professional career in California when he, along with his younger brother James, accompanied their uncle William Rich to work for the United States Army. His uncle was a paymaster for the army and Hutton became his clerk. They traveled around the new state paying the various platoons stationed there, but Hutton also occupied his time by drawing the landscapes and structures he saw in the settlements of Los Angeles, San Francisco, La Paz, Mazatlan, Santa Barbara, Monterey, San Pedro, San Diego, and Cape San Lucas (3). These drawings are now held by the Huntington Library in San Marino, California. Hutton held the position of clerk until the spring of 1849, and in July of that year he began working with Lieutenant Edward O.C. Ord and completed the first survey of Los Angeles and its surrounding pueblo lands and islands. Hutton continued surveying in California from 1850-1851. He was hired by William G. Dana to survey the Nipomo Ranch in San Luis Obispo County and also surveyed the ranches Santa Manuela and Huer-Huero, both owned by Francis Z. Branch. After his employment with Dana, he became the county surveyor for San Luis Obispo County, where he prepared the first survey and map of the region. He also continued to survey ranches for Captain John Wilson during this time. In August 1851, he resigned from his position as county surveyor and moved to Monterey where he worked as an assistant to Captain (later General) Henry W. Hallack, superintendent of the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine in Santa Clara County (4). He remained in this position until March, 1853 when he returned to Washington, D.C. by way of Mexico (5).

Hutton began his career as a civil engineer in Washington, D.C. He was first assigned to the position of assistant engineer on a survey of the projected Metropolitan Railroad in 1853, which was chartered to connect Washington, D.C. with the mainline of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. In 1855 he began his professional relationship with Montgomery C. Meigs when he was appointed to the position of assistant engineer on the Washington Aqueduct. He also served as division engineer on this project until construction was shut down in 1861 because of the outbreak of the Civil War. Fortunately for Hutton, the construction on the Aqueduct was resumed in 1862, and when Congress transferred the supervision of the aqueduct project from the War Department to the Department of the Interior, Hutton was made chief engineer. By the end of the Civil War, Hutton's reputation as a civil engineer was established (6).

During this decade Hutton also served as the chief engineer for the Annapolis Water Works (1866) and as chief engineer for one of his most famous projects, the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (1869-1871). Although some historians minimize Hutton as just one of many engineers to work on the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, he did make one major contribution to its construction: the Georgetown Canal Incline. Perhaps the final effort of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal company to compete with the emerging and fast expanding railroad, the Georgetown Incline was designed to allow canal boats to travel through the canal with low water levels and to alleviate canal congestion. Unfortunately, by the time the incline was completed use of the canal had decreased so significantly that it was no longer needed to help control traffic (7). Despite this, Hutton continued to work as a consulting engineer for the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company until 1881, when he was let go because of the dwindling fortunes of the company (7).

In the 1870s and 1880s Hutton was busy with several engineering projects. During 1871-1873, he was the chief engineer in the completion of the Western Maryland Railroad to Hagerstown and Williamsport (9). He also practiced as an architect with his brother, the prominent Baltimore architect Nathanial Henry Hutton, during the years 1873-1880. He relocated to New York in 1880, serving as chief engineer for the Washington Bridge in 1888 and 1889 and the Hudson River Tunnel from 1889 to 1891. In 1886, he became the consulting engineer for the New Croton Aqueduct and served in the same position for the Colorado Midland Railway between the years of 1886-1889 (10).

As his personal and professional correspondence shows, Hutton continued to work on various engineering and architectural projects until his death on December 11, 1901. In addition to these projects, he also invented the innovative system of locks and moveable dams used in the Kanawha River Canal. He was awarded the Diplome d'Honneur for this featat the Paris Exposition in 1878 (11). His correspondence also demonstrates how Hutton was respected within his professional community. These letters refer to the accuracy of his work, his willingness to help other colleagues and supply them with reference materials and information, and, in addition to all this, his politeness. It seems that these qualities defined not only his personality but also his ideology. In one of the cashbooks in the collection, dated 1899, a hand written note contains a religious parable of "The Straw." The phrase in this parable that speaks most to Hutton's work ethic, and to the spirit of inventors everywhere, is this: "Even so however lowly may be the act, however little opportunities we may have of assisting others, we may still do something. Let us beg to fulfil our duty in this regards by making ourselves useful to others by some little act of thoughtful charity..." (12). Hutton, in his dedication to civil engineering, seems to have lived up to this virtue, and in his work he changed the landscape of Washington, D.C. and New York.

The Fairy Godfather: Hutton's Personal History

His professional records reveal a man who was fiercely dedicated to his work. His obituary references his professional life more than his personal life (13). Despite his reputation in the professional engineering community, his personal records demonstrate that Hutton was also dedicated to his family and children. In 1855, he married Montgomery County native Mary Augusta Clopper (died 1915). Together they lived on her family's estate known as the Woodlands, and had five children: Frank C. Hutton, Mary Hutton, Elizabeth Hutton (later Caulfield), Rosa Hutton, and Annie Salome Hutton (14). It is at this estate that Hutton died and was buried. The personal letters to his wife found in the Woodlands Collection held at the Montgomery County Historical Society show a man in love and willing to take time from his work to write to his wife. His letters to his children show a similar interest and compassion. In the many letters found in this collection from his daughter Elizabeth (Bessie) one can see a father who is interested in not only his daughter's activities abroad, but also in her opinion. This interest also extends to his son Frank Hutton, as their correspondence shows Hutton offering his son advice on his own engineering projects.

Hutton also served as executor to many of his extended family's estates. Many letters show the conflicts that Hutton had to mediate and the dependence of his cousins on him for advice and money. Although his family was wealthy (his cousin was Benjamin H. Hutton whose daughters married into the court of Napoleon III), they were volatile, and his records seem to indicate that he served as a mediator for many of their disputes. In addition to this, as his nickname of Fairy Godfather suggests, Hutton was always willing to lend his family either financial or moral support when needed. Unfortunately, little other documentation concerning Hutton's personal life exists outside of this collection and the one held at the Montgomery County Historical Society.

References:

1. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942).

2. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): ix.

3. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942). and Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): x-xi.

4. Waters, Willard O., "Introduction," California 1847-1852 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942).

5. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): xvii.

6. Waters, Willard O., "Memoir," Glances at California 1847-1853 (San Marino: The Huntington Library, 1942): xvii-xviii.

7. Skramstad, Harold, "The Georgetown Canal Incline," Technology and Culture, Vol. 10, no. 4 (Oct. 1969): 555.

8. Business Correspondence, Chesapeake and Ohio Canal, 22 February 1881, William R. Hutton Papers, 1830-1965, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, box number 27, folder number 29.

9. "William Rich Hutton," The Club: A Journal of Club Life for Men and Women,(July 1894):37

10. Ibid.

11. Monzione, Joseph, "William R. Hutton," A.P.W.A. Reporter (Sept. 1977): 7.

12. Cashbook, 1899, William R. Hutton Papers, 1830-1965, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution, box number 23, folder number 5.

13. The Woodlands Collection, Montgomery County Historical Society.

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center

The Montgomery C. Meigs Papers, 1870-1890, (AC0987). Contains materials relating to the construction of the Washington Aqueduct including a book of drawings illustrating reservoirs, tunnels, culverts, and other structural elements, a Government Senate Document relating to construction progress, scrapbooks created by Meigs that include newspaper clippings about the Washington Aqueduct project, water supply, engineering projects, building construction, architecture and other subjects. Collection is currently unprocessed, but is available for research.

Materials in Other Organizations:

The William Rich Hutton Papers, 1840-1961, are located at the Huntington Library in California (see http://catalog.huntington.org).

The collection contains 95 drawings, 13 letters, and 39 facsimile copies of letters and manuscripts. The illustrative material includes both watercolor and pencil drawings of California (including Los Angeles, Monterey, San Francisco, the New Almaden Quicksilver Mine, and the California missions), Baja California, Mexico, and Peru. There are also five pieces in the collection related to the author María Amparo Ruiz de Burton. In 1942, the Huntington Library published Glances at California 1847--853: Diaries and Letters of William Rich Hutton, Surveyor and California 1847--852: Drawings by William Rich Hutton.

The Hutton family papers are located at the Montgomery County Historical Society, Sween Library (see http://www.montgomeryhistory.org/sites/default/files/Family_Files.pdf).

The collection contains account books from the Woodlands estate, recipe books, livestock records, records of Mary Augusta Hutton (wife), Mary and Rose Hutton (daughters), newspaper clippings (including his obituary), correspondence, record books, deeds, bills and receipts, engineering papers, religious momentos (funeral service cards), and insurance papers.

Provenance:

The collection was donated by Mr. and Mrs. James J. Madine, a relative of Hutton's and last owners of the Woodlands estate; the Department of Forests and Parks, Maryland; Louis Fischer; and Mr. and Mrs. Mayo S. Stuntz, 1965-1966, 1974.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research. Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Dams  Search this

Hydraulic engineering  Search this

Canals  Search this

Underwater tunnels  Search this

Railroad bridges  Search this

Railroad construction  Search this

Water-supply  Search this

Construction workers  Search this

Construction equipment  Search this

Concrete construction  Search this

Concrete  Search this

Coal -- Transportation  Search this

Civil engineers  Search this

Civil engineering  Search this

Canals -- Panama  Search this

Canals -- Washington (D.C.)  Search this

Canals -- Maryland  Search this

Canals -- Design and construction  Search this

Bridges -- United States  Search this

Waterworks  Search this

Tunnels  Search this

Tunnels -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Construction -- Washington (D.C.)  Search this

Underground construction  Search this

Locks and dams  Search this

Shipping  Search this

Iron and steel bridges  Search this

Sewage disposal  Search this

Railroads -- Maryland  Search this

Railroads -- 19th century  Search this

Railroad engineering  Search this

Railroad companies  Search this

Aqueducts  Search this

Arch bridges  Search this

Architects -- 19th century  Search this

Books  Search this

Bridges -- New York (N.Y.)  Search this

Bridges -- Design and construction  Search this

Bridge construction industry -- United States  Search this

Engineering notebooks  Search this

Docks  Search this

Domestic and family life  Search this

Architecture -- United States  Search this

Architecture -- Washington (D.C.)  Search this

Harlem River Bridge  Search this

Western Maryland Railroad  Search this

Annapolis Waterworks  Search this

Steam engineering  Search this

Harlem River Bridge Commission  Search this

Washington (D.C.) -- 19th century  Search this

Reservoirs  Search this

Patents  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Letterpress copybooks

Blueprints

Diaries

Drawings

Photographs -- 19th century

Cashbooks

Business records -- 19th century

Business letters

Notebooks

Topographic maps

Tax records

Technical drawings

Stock certificates

Technical literature

Photoengravings

Notes

Maps -- 19th century

Microfilms

Linen tracings

Letter books

Letters

Land titles

Legal documents

Sketches

Salted paper prints

Reports

Receipts

Plans (drawings)

Photostats

Photographic prints

Architectural drawings

Administrative records

Albumen prints

Albums

Annual reports

Booklets

Account books -- 19th century

Books -- 19th century

Family papers -- 18th century

Financial records -- 19th century

Diaries -- 19th century

Drawings -- 19th century

Cyanotypes

Correspondence -- 19th-20th century

Deeds

Printed material

Correspondence

Contracts

Photograph albums

Specifications

Christmas cards

Menus

Citation:

William R. Hutton Papers, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0987

See more items in:

William R. Hutton Papers

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep84f6824ce-7291-4ac4-ab0f-abaa2071815e

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0987

Creator:

Northlight of Colorado, Inc.  Search this

Jacobson, Jake  Search this

Extent:

8 Prints (framed)

3.42 Cubic feet (2 boxes, 1 map-folder)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Photographs

Sound recordings

Inkjet prints

Iris prints

Ink jet printing

Compact discs

Digital images

Cd-roms

Color prints (photographs)

Date:

1996-2000

Summary:

Collection consists of photoprints and other materials created by Jacob Jacobson for the "Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America" exhibition circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES), from April 2000 to early 2004.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of photoprints and other materials created by Jacob Jacobson for the "Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America" exhibition circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES), from April 2000 to early 2004. The materials are arranged into two series.

Series 1: Iris (Inkjet) Digital Photoprints, dates, consists of eighty six color Iris (inkjet) items. The subjects are primarily individual musicians and craftsmen, although several instrument companies are included, notably the venerable Selmer Company of Elkhart, Indiana, which has manufactured band instruments for many decades. These digital prints were made from Jacobson's 35mm color transparencies (although print number one is monochrome, rather than full color). The prints are from a limited edition of 350, and are signed by the photographer in the lower right beneath the image, and numbered on the lower left. Some prints bears Northlight Atelier blind stamp in the margin and an identifying label with the print number and subject's name is affixed to each print on the verso at the bottom. Most of the prints have an image size of 20" in the long dimension and from approximately 13-1/4" to 14-1/4" on the short side; on heavy, textured archival paper, ranging in size from about 16"x 23" to 19"x 24". Eight larger prints, with image sizes of approximately 21-22" x 31-32" in size, were received matted and in 28" x 40" frames. Some representative image and print sizes are included. Most prints are in one large flat box; prints in the "folder" are stored separately because the paper is slightly too large for the box. The large framed prints are necessarily stored separately and are less accessible.

Series 2: Other Materials, dates, includes a loose-leaf notebook containing inventory of the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Services (SITES) exhibit prints with titles and thumbnail images for identification (except item 55, which is omitted), plus a CD-ROM containing the images in pocket. Note that the images for numbers 81 and 85 in the notebook are reversed. There is also a compact disk in plastic jewel case of the same name ("Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America"), which contains sixty tracks of instrument makers playing their instruments and interviews with some of them. Compact disk in plastic jewel case, "Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America; Music and Interviews Recorded Live; Taken from the Book..." (produced by Northlight). Containing music and selected interviews with instrument makers, produced for commercial distribution by Northlight Atelier; 60 tracks. Compact disk in plastic jewel case, "Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America; Music and Interviews Recorded Live; Taken from the Book..." (produced by Northlight). Containing music and selected interviews with instrument makers, produced for commercial distribution by Northlight Atelier; 60 tracks.

Arrangement:

The collection is divided into two series.

Series 1, Iris (Inkjet) Digital Photoprints

Series 2, Other Materials

Biographical / Historical:

"Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of America" was an exhibition of photographs by Jake Jacobson, circulated by the Smithsonian Institution Traveling Exhibition Service (SITES), from April 2000 to early 2004 to at least fourteen venues. The first site was April 8, 2000, at the Georgia Mountains History Museum, and the last venue for the show was the Elkhart County Historical Museum, Bristol, Indiana, ending April 6, 2004. Selections from the exhibition were on view from June 4 to 8, 2001, in the Rotunda of the Russell Senate Office Building, and it was shown in the Smithsonian's Arts and Industries building, March 2-April 28, 2002.

The field work for the project was begun in 1996, culminating in 1998. "Traveling coast to coast, in an extensive two-year journey across the United States, Jake Jacobson and research collaborator Trisja Malisoff recorded the images, words, and music of over 300 contemporary musical instrument makers. Documenting the diversity of American music, Jacobson's photographs reveal a complex, living tradition-a heritage that draws upon Latin, Native American, European, African and Asian music influences."

Following this project, Jacobson engaged in a related photographic documentation, "Heart & Hands: Musical Instrument Makers of China." He has established a "Heart & Hands Foundation." Music has been an important part of Jacobson's life throughout his career as a photographer, printmaker, and jazz musician. During the mid-1960s he operated a backyard print shop, producing rock concert posters. As an advertising and editorial photographer, he pioneered new techniques for special effects and printmaking. His continuing passion for photographing musical artists is evident in the portraits in the "Heart & Hands" project.

A graduate of Brooks Institute of Photography, Jacobson has taught photography at UCLA and Cypress College in Orange County. A longtime practitioner and teacher of Yoga, he is the owner of the Center for Yoga in Los Angeles. He operated a "state-of-the-art" photography, printmaking, and video production studio, Northlight of Colorado, in the mountains near Telluride, Colorado, before relocating the Northlight Atelier to Santa Barbara, California, in 2003.

Another project of Jacobson's is entitled, "Oh, Baby--Celebrating Birth Rites around the World."

Provenance:

Collection donated by Mr. Jacobson.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use.

Physical Access: Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves.

Technical Access: Do not use original

Rights:

Jake Jocobson retains copyright. Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Musical instruments -- 20th century  Search this

Musical instrument makers  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs -- Inkjet prints -- 1990-2000

Sound recordings -- Compact disks

Inkjet prints

Photographs -- Digital prints -- 20th century

Iris prints

Ink jet printing

Compact discs

Digital images

CD-ROMs

Color prints (photographs)

Citation:

Jake Jacobson "Heart & Hands" Color Iris Photoprints, Archives Center, National Museum of American History,

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0866

See more items in:

Jake Jacobson "Heart & Hands" Color Iris Photoprints

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e49666db-ef2c-40a1-ad9a-ee43e0d5f3e7

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0866

Physical Description:

gold (overall metal)

0 (overall die axis)

0 (overall die axis measurement)

Measurements:

overall: 2.35 cm x 3.3 cm x .5 cm; 15/16 in x 1 5/16 in x 3/16 in

Object Name:

Coin

ingot

Place made:

United States: California

Place of issue:

United States: California

Date made:

1850

Associated date:

1850

Credit Line:

Estate of Josiah K. Lilly

ID Number:

NU.68.159.1151

Accession number:

283645

Catalog number:

68.159.1151

See more items in:

Work and Industry: National Numismatic Collection

Josiah K. Lilly Jr. Collection

Many Voices, One Nation

Exhibition:

Many Voices, One Nation

Exhibition Location:

National Museum of American History

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-e0fe-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_1101602

Physical Description:

gold (overall metal)

0 (overall die axis)

0 (overall die axis measurement)

Measurements:

overall: 2.4 cm x 4.1 cm x .4 cm; 15/16 in x 1 5/8 in x 5/32 in

Object Name:

Coin

ingot

Place made:

United States: California

Place of issue:

United States: California

Date made:

1850

Associated date:

1850

Credit Line:

Estate of Josiah K. Lilly

ID Number:

NU.68.159.1153

Accession number:

283645

Catalog number:

68.159.1153

See more items in:

Work and Industry: National Numismatic Collection

Josiah K. Lilly Jr. Collection

Many Voices, One Nation

Exhibition:

Many Voices, One Nation

Exhibition Location:

National Museum of American History

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a9-82b5-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_1101603

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

Charles Richard Drew, American, 1904 - 1950  Search this

President Lyndon Baines Johnson, American, 1908 - 1973  Search this

Roy Wilkins, American, 1901 - 1981  Search this

National Pan-Hellenic Council, American, founded 1930  Search this

Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr., American, 1911 - 1978  Search this

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., American, 1929 - 1968  Search this

Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays, American, 1894 - 1984  Search this

Ebenezer Baptist Church, American, founded 1886  Search this

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, American, founded 1957  Search this

Sen. Edward Brooke, American, born 1919  Search this

Joseph Davies Tydings, American, 1928 - 2018  Search this

Lawrence Warren Pierce, American, born 1924  Search this

Bertram L. Baker, American, 1898 - 1985  Search this

Wayne L. Morse, American, 1900 - 1974  Search this

Harry Belafonte Jr., American, 1927 - 2023  Search this

Coretta Scott King, American, 1927 - 2006  Search this

Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, American, 1926 - 1990  Search this

Gordon Parks, American, 1912 - 2006  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Percy Ellis Sutton, American, 1920 - 2009  Search this

Bayard Rustin, American, 1912 - 1987  Search this

Eugene Nickerson, American, 1918 - 2002  Search this

Leonard Farbstein, American, 1902 - 1993  Search this

Senator Robert F. Kennedy, American, 1925 - 1968  Search this

The Girl Friends, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

Floyd McKissick, American, 1922 - 1991  Search this

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity, American, founded 1963  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

Harold Robert Perry, American, 1916 - 1991  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

International Free and Accepted Modern Masons, Inc. and Order of the Eastern Star, American, founded 1950  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

New York Jets, American, founded 1960  Search this

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry  Search this

National Association of Negro Musicians, Inc., founded 1919  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

Joan Murray  Search this

Philippa Schuyler, American, 1931 - 1967  Search this

Berry Gordy Jr., American, born 1929  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Sen. Edward Brooke, American, born 1919  Search this

Sidney Poitier, Bahamian American, 1927 - 2022  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Inez Yeargan Kaiser, American, 1918 - 2016  Search this

Pearl Bailey, American, 1918 - 1990  Search this

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this

National Council of Negro Women, founded 1935  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this

Robert J. Mangum, American, 1920 - 2014  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 12 × 8 7/8 × 3/16 in. (30.5 × 22.5 × 0.5 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1968

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Baptist  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Football  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Sports  Search this

U.S. History, 1961-1969  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.3

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5f7b7586d-84ee-4f44-b24e-aa264dcdee1f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.3

Printed by:

Unidentified  Search this

Subject of:

Gloria Jackson, American, 1921 - 2006  Search this

First Baptist Church of North Tulsa, American, founded 1899  Search this

Owned by:

Eddie Faye Gates, American, 1934 - 2021  Search this

Medium:

digital

Dimensions:

File size (overall): 1.05 GB

Type:

digital images

programs

digital media - born analog

Place depicted:

Tulsa, Tulsa County, Oklahoma, United States, North and Central America

Date:

April 28, 2006

Topic:

African American  Search this

American South  Search this

American West  Search this

Baptist  Search this

Communities  Search this

Families  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Prayer  Search this

Religion  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Eddie Faye Gates, Tulsa OK, author, historian, community activist

Object number:

2014.117.74

Restrictions & Rights:

Restrictions likely apply. Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Collection title:

Eddie Faye Gates Collection, Tulsa, Oklahoma

Classification:

Memorabilia and Ephemera

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5eabf0d31-2624-4729-8c2e-799085c4603d

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2014.117.74

Creator:

Fisch, Arline M.  Search this

Names:

American Craftsmen's Council  Search this

Boston University  Search this

Electrum (Gallery : London, England)  Search this

Internationale Handwerksmesse  Search this

Lee Nordness Galleries  Search this

Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America  Search this

National Endowment for the Arts  Search this

San Diego State University -- Faculty  Search this

Skidmore College  Search this

Society of North American Goldsmiths  Search this

World Crafts Council  Search this

Antunes, Edith  Search this

Extent:

9.8 Linear feet

3.82 Gigabytes

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Gigabytes

Photographs

Video recordings

Date:

1931-2015

Summary:

The papers of metalsmith, jeweler, and educator Arline M. Fisch measure 9.8 linear feet and 3.82 GB date from 1931 to 2015. The papers include awards and certificates, correspondence, exhibition and gallery files, project files, San Diego State University teaching files, membership records, and printed and digital and photographic materials.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of metalsmith, jeweler, and educator Arline M. Fisch measure 9.8 linear feet and 3.82 GB and date from 1931 to 2015. The papers include awards and certificates, correspondence, exhibition and gallery files, project files, San Diego State University teaching files, membership records, and printed and and digital photographic materials.

Awards and certificates are from the Indonesian National Crafts Council, Internationale Handwerksmesse Munchen, San Diego State University, State of California, and other organizations. Correspondence is with Edith Antunes, Skidmore College and other educational institutions, as well as galleries, students, and colleagues. Files for exhibitions consist of inventory and price lists, loan and shipping records, printed material, correspondence, a digital disk, and a video recording for Elegant Fantasy: The Jewelry of Arline Fisch (2000), The Art of Arline Fisch (2003), Arline Fisch: Creatures from the Deep (2008), and various exhibitions.

Gallery files contain business records for Atrium, Electrum Gallery, Lee Nordness Galleries, and galleries in Germany and Switzerland. Project files include records for an advertising campaign, articles and lectures, Textile Techniques in Metal for Jewelers, Sculptors, and Textile Artists, a cataloging project, commercial ventures, curriculum development at Boston University, NEA and Fulbright grant projects, an artwork installation, an oral history project, a seminar, and workshops.

San Diego State University teaching files include correspondence, evaluations, exhibition material, grant programs and projects, university programs, recommendations, and sabbatical records. Membership records are for the American Craftsmen's Council (ACC), Society of North American Goldsmiths (SNAG), and World Crafts Council (WCC).

Printed materials consist of booklets, a calendar, clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, periodicals and posters, and chronological files. Photographic materials are of Fisch, her family, travel, her studio, with colleagues and in class, and works of art. A detailed archive of Fisch's work on slides and in digital format is also included.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as nine series.

Series 1: Awards and Certificates, 1961-2001 (0.3 linear feet; Boxes 1, 11)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1956-2003 (0.8 linear feet; Box 1)

Series 3: Exhibition Files, 1957-2010 (1.0 linear feet; Boxes 1-2)

Series 4: Gallery Files, 1968-2010 (0.5 linear feet; Boxes 2-3)

Series 5: Project Files, 1956-2010 (1.4 linear feet; Boxes 3-4, 11)

Series 6: San Diego State University, 1955-2014 (1.0 linear feet; Boxes 4-5)

Series 7: Membership Records, 1964-1994 (1.0 linear feet; Boxes 5-6)

Series 8: Printed Materials, circa 1960-2015 (3.3 linear feet; Boxes 6-9, 11, OV 12)

Series 9: Photographic Materials, 1931-circa 2005 (0.5 linear feet; Boxes 9-11, 3.82 GB; ER01)

Biographical / Historical:

Arline M. Fisch (1931- ) is a metalsmith, jeweler, and educator in San Diego, California.

Fisch was born in Brooklyn, New York. She studied art education at Skidmore College and earned a master of arts degree from the University of Illinois. From 1956 to 1957 she studied at the School of Arts and Crafts in Copenhagen Denmark, and she returned to Denmark in 1966 under a Fulbright Research Grant. She also received Fulbright and NEA grants for multiple projects in Uruguay, Austria, and the U.S.

From 1954 to 1961, she taught at Wheaton College and Skidmore College. Fisch began teaching at San Diego State University (SDSU) in 1961 where she developed the Jewelry and Metalsmithing program. She retired from SDSU in 2000.

Fisch was a member of the American Craft Council (ACC), Haystack Mountain School of Crafts' Board of Trustees, and was vice president of the World Crafts Council (WCC) from 1976 to 1981. She was a founding member of Society of North American Goldsmiths (SNAG) and was president of the organization from 1982 to 1985.

Fisch has received numerous awards and honors for her accomplishments in craftsmanship including an honorary doctorate degree from Skidmore College, United States Artists fellowship award, and Fresno Art Museum Council of 100 Distinguished Woman Artist award in 2012. Fisch has exhibited her work all over the world including her solo retrospective exhibition titled, Elegant Fantasy: The Jewelry of Arline Fisch, which was shown in San Diego, Oakland, New York, and Washington, D.C.

Related Materials:

Also at the Archives of American Art is an interview of Arline M. Fisch conducted July 29-30, 2001 by Sharon Church McNabb, for the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America, in Fisch's home, in San Diego, California.

Provenance:

The papers were donated from 2003 to 2018 by Arline M. Fisch as a part of the Nanette L. Laitman Documentation Project for Craft and Decorative Arts in America.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C., Research Center. Use of archival audiovisual recordings and born-digital records with no duplicate copies requires advance notice.

Rights:

Arline M. Fisch retains copyright for the manuscript for the 2nd edition of her book Textile Techniques in Metal for Jewelers, Sculptors, and Textile Artists (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, c. 1975) and notes for the first edition.

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Metal-workers -- California -- San Diego  Search this

Jewelers -- California -- San Diego  Search this

Educators -- California -- San Diego  Search this

Topic:

Art -- Study and teaching  Search this

Artists' studios -- Photographs  Search this

Decorative arts  Search this

Women artists  Search this

Women educators  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Video recordings

Citation:

Arline M. Fisch papers, 1931-2015. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.fiscarli

See more items in:

Arline M. Fisch papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw95c7c5f3b-37ad-44ab-9740-558f8fc327f7

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-fiscarli