Search Results

Creator:

McCoy, Esther  Search this

Names:

Historic American Buildings Survey  Search this

Society of Architectural Historians  Search this

University of California, Los Angeles. School of Architecture and Urban Planning  Search this

Ain, Gregory, 1908-1988  Search this

Barragán, Luis, 1902-  Search this

Bradbury, Ray, 1920-2012  Search this

Davidson, Julius Ralph, b. 1889  Search this

Dreiser, Theodore, 1871-1945  Search this

Ellwood, Craig  Search this

Gill, Irving, 1870-1936  Search this

Grotz, Dorothy  Search this

Hollein, Hans, 1934-2014  Search this

Jones, A. Quincy (Archie Quincy), 1913-1979  Search this

Maybeck, Bernard R.  Search this

Neutra, Richard Joseph, 1892-1970  Search this

O'Gorman, Juan, 1905-  Search this

Rand, Marvin  Search this

Schindler, R. M. (Rudolph M.), 1887-1953  Search this

Shulman, Julius  Search this

Soriano, Rafael, 1920-  Search this

Watanabe, Makoto  Search this

Worlidge, T. (Thomas), 1700-1766  Search this

Extent:

44 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Diaries

Etchings

Photographs

Sound recordings

Interviews

Video recordings

Slides (photographs)

Transcripts

Drawings

Memoirs

Date:

circa 1876-1990

bulk 1938-1989

Summary:

The papers of Southern California architectural historian, critic, and writer Esther McCoy measure 44.0 linear feet and date from 1876 to 1990 (bulk 1938-1989). McCoy was interested in both Italian and Mexican architecture as well as the folk art and crafts of Mexico and South America. The collection documents McCoy's career, as well as her family and personal life through biographical material, extensive correspondence, personal and professional writings, project files, Southern California architects' files, clippings and other printed material, a large collection of photographs and slides, and taped interviews of Southern California modern architects.

Scope and Content Note:

The papers of Southern California architectural historian, critic, and writer Esther McCoy measure 44.0 linear feet and date from 1876 to 1990 (bulk 1938-1989). McCoy was interested in both Italian and Mexican architecture as well as the folk art and crafts of Mexico and South America. The collection documents McCoy's career, as well as her family and personal life through biographical material, extensive correspondence, personal and professional writings, project files, Southern California architects' files, clippings and other printed material, a large collection of photographs and slides, and taped interviews of Southern California modern architects.

Biographical and family material consists of awards, resumes, identification documents, and other documentation of McCoy's personal life. Included are a transcript of a 1984 interview of McCoy by Makoto Watanabe and material relating to her friend, Theodore Dreiser.

Correspondence focuses on her personal relationships with family, friends, and lovers, and general correspondence relating primarily to her work as a writer. McCoy's personal correspondence is valuable to researchers who are interested in her personal life, her struggles as a young writer, and the way in which her family, friends, lovers, mentors, and colleagues helped to shape her work and career. As documented in this correspondence, her life offers a glimpse into twentieth-century American social and political history, especially the radical leftist movements of the 1920s and 1930s. Researchers interested in the roots of feminism in the United States should also find these papers useful in documenting the life of a creative and productive woman who was successful in a field then almost entirely dominated by men. Correspondents of note include her husband Berkeley Tobey, lovers Geoffrey Eaton and Albert Robert, writers Ray Bradbury and Theodore Dreiser, and artists and architects, such as Dorothy Grotz, Craig Ellwood, A. Quincy Jones, Hans Hollein, and J. R. Davidson. General correspondence is primarily with researchers, professors, architects, publishers, and professional organizations.

Personal writings include McCoy's diaries, notebooks, and memoirs, and writings by others including friends, lovers, and colleagues. Also included are drafts of McCoy's fictional works, both published and unpublished, including short stories, teleplays, and novels.

The collection contains in-depth documentation of McCoy's pioneering study of the modernist work of twentieth-century architects in Southern California. The bulk of her papers consist of her writing files for books, exhibition catalogs, articles, and lectures on architecture. Because many of the architects about whom McCoy wrote were her contemporaries, she developed personal relationships with several of them through her research and writing. Her writing files include drafts, notes, research material, photographs, and correspondence. McCoy also traveled extensively, particularly in Italy and Mexico, and wrote about architecture, craft, and culture in those countries. Project files document McCoy's other activities related to architectural history, such preservation projects, juries, grants, the Dodge House Preservation Campaign and related film project, her work for the Society of Architectural Historians and the Historic American Buildings Survey (HABS), and her work at the UCLA School of Architecture and Urban Planning, compiling a slide library and cataloging the Richard Neutra's papers. McCoy also maintained architect files which may contain correspondence, notes, photographs, research material, interview transcripts, about architects and their works. Among these extensive records, the files documenting the careers of R. M. Schindler, Irving Gill, Richard Neutra, and Juan O'Gorman are particularly rich.

Printed material in this collection documents McCoy's career as well as her personal interests. Included are books, clippings, magazines, newsletters, press releases, as well as publications arranged by subject such as architecture, art, Italy, and Mexico. McCoy also collected literary and leftist publications. The small amount of artwork in this collection consists of artwork sent to her by friends, including a drawing of her by Esther Rollo and etchings by various artists including Thomas Worlidge.

There are personal photographs of family and friends and of McCoy at different times in her life, as well as photographs gathered during the course of her research on architecture. Found here are photographs of architects and their works, including a large number depicting the work of Gregory Ain, Luis Barragan, J. R. Davidson, Irving Gill, Bernard Maybeck, Juan O'Gorman, R. M. Schindler, and Raphael Soriano. Many of these photographs were taken by notable architectural photographers Julius Shulman and Marvin Rand. Also found are photographs of architecture designed for the Case Study House program of Arts & Architecture magazine; exhibition photographs, primarily for the exhibition "Ten Italian Architects" in 1967; and other research photographs primarily documenting architecture and craft in other countries and the history of architecture in California. This series also includes approximately 3,600 slides of architecture.

Audio and video recordings include a videocassette of McCoy's 80th birthday party and 55 taped interviews with architects, people associated with architectural projects, and artists.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into 10 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical and Family Material, 1881-1989 (boxes 1, 48; 0.6 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1896-1989 (boxes 1-6, 4.9 linear feet)

Series 3: Personal Writings, 1919-1989 (boxes 6-14; 8.1 linear feet)

Series 4: Architectural Writings, 1908-1990 (boxes 14-24, 42, 49, 50; 10.2 linear feet)

Series 5: Projects, circa 1953-1988 (boxes 24-26, 47, FC 53-56; 2.5 linear feet)

Series 6: Architect Files, 1912-1990 (boxes 26-28, 42; 2.2 linear feet)

Series 7: Printed Material, circa 1885-1990 (boxes 28-31, 42; 2.9 linear feet)

Series 8: Artwork, 1924-1967, undated (box 31; 0.4 linear feet)

Series 9: Photographs and Slides, circa 1876-1989 (boxes 31-38, 41-46, 51; 8.3 linear feet)

Series 10: Audio and Video Recordings, 1930-1984 (boxes 38-40, 47; 2.5 linear feet)

Biographical Note:

Esther McCoy (1904-1989) is remembered best for her pioneering work as an architectural historian, critic, and proponent of Southern California modern architecture of the early to mid-twentieth century. McCoy was interested in both Italian and Mexican architecture as well as the folk art and crafts of Mexico and South America. Although her professional interests ranged from writing fiction to studying the folk architecture and crafts of Mexico, McCoy achieved her most notable success for her numerous articles, books, and exhibitions about Southern California architecture and the architects associated with the modernist movement.

Born in Arkansas in 1904, Esther McCoy grew up in Kansas and attended various schools in the Midwest. In 1926 she left the University of Michigan to launch a writing career in New York, where she moved in avant-garde literary circles and conducted research for Theodore Dreiser. She began writing fiction in New York and continued to write after moving to Los Angeles in 1932, working on short stories, novels, and screenplays. She published numerous short stories between 1929 and 1962, with works appearing in the New Yorker, Harper's Bazaar, and university quarterlies. Her short story, "The Cape," was reprinted in Best Short Stories of 1950. Many of the novels that she wrote from the mid-1960s through the 1980s were related thematically to architects and architecture.

During the late 1920s and throughout the 1930s, McCoy participated in the politically radical movements of the period and wrote for leftist publications. Her interest in the lowcost housing projects of modern architects was prompted by one of her articles about slums for Epic News. During World War II she entered a training program for engineering draftsmen at Douglas Aircraft and in 1944 was hired as an architectural draftsman for the architect R.M. Schindler. As she became increasingly interested in modern architecture and design, she combined her two major career interests and began to focus her energies on architectural research, writing, and criticism. Her first article on architecture, "Schindler: Space Architect," was published in 1945 in the journal Direction.

McCoy began writing about architecture in earnest in 1950 as a free-lance contributor to the Los Angeles Times. From then until her death in 1989, she wrote prolifically for Arts & Architecture magazine, Los Angeles Times, Los Angeles Herald Examiner, Architectural Record, L'Architectura, Zodiac (Italy), Progressive Architecture, Lotus (Italy), and Architectural Forum. In addition to her numerous articles, McCoy wrote several books on Southern California modern architecture and architects. Her first major work, Five California Architects, published in 1960, is now recognized as a classic work in modern architectural history. It promoted a serious study of modern architecture in Southern California and introduced to the world several leading California architects and their work: Bernard Maybeck, Irving Gill, Charles and Henry Greene, and R.M. Schindler. That same year, she published another important book focusing on the work of the California architect Richard Neutra. Other books by McCoy include Modern California Houses: Case Study Houses (1962), Craig Ellwood (1968), Vienna to Los Angeles: Two Journeys (1979), and The Second Generation (1984).

In addition to these books, McCoy organized and wrote catalogs for several significant exhibitions focusing on contemporary architects. Her first was the R.M. Schindler Retrospective, a 1954 exhibition at the Landau Art Gallery in Los Angeles. Her other exhibitions and accompanying catalogs include Roots of California Contemporary Architecture, 1956, Los Angeles Municipal Art Department; Felix Candela, 1957, University of Southern California, Los Angeles; Irving Gill, 1958, Los Angeles County Museum of Art; Juan O'Gorman, 1964, San Fernando Valley State College; and Ten Italian Architects, 1967, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Moreover, McCoy contributed numerous essays to other exhibition catalogs and publications, lectured at the University of Southern California, participated in preservation projects, organized tours for the Society of Architectural Historians, and contributed to a number of documentary films. Her energy and interests also led her to catalog and transcribe Richard Neutra's papers at the University of California Los Angeles Archives.

McCoy received national recognition from the American Institute of Architects for her seminal and prolific work in the field of Southern California modern architectural history and criticism. Her interests, however, were not exclusively bound to California. She traveled the world and was interested in both Italian and Mexican architecture as well as the folk art and crafts of Mexico and South America. She made five extended trips to Italy during the 1950s and 1960s, publishing regularly about the architecture there and curating the exhibition Ten Italian Architects. She was a contributing editor to two Italian journals, Zodiac and Lotus, and was awarded the Star of Order of Solidarity in 1960 by the Republic of Italy for her research and writing.

Esther McCoy died of emphysema on December 30, 1989, at the age of eighty-five. Her last contribution was an essay for the exhibition catalog Blueprints for Modern Living: History and Legacy of the Case Study House. The show opened at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Los Angeles one month before her death.

Missing Title

1904 -- Born November 18 in Horatio, Arkansas. Raised in Kansas.

1920 -- Attended preparatory school at Central College for Women, Lexington, Missouri.

1922-1925 -- College education: Baker University, Baldwin City, Kansas; University of Arkansas, Fayetteville; Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri; University of Michigan.

1924 -- Visited Theodore Dreiser in Michigan.

1926-1938 -- Began writing in New York City.

1926-1938 -- Researched and read for Theodore Dreiser.

1926-1938 -- Worked for editorial offices and publishers.

1926-1938 -- Traveled to write in Paris (1928), Key West, Florida (1930), and Los Angeles, California (1932-1935).

1938 -- Moved to Santa Monica, California.

1941 -- Married Berkeley Greene Tobey.

1942-1944 -- Employed as engineering draftsman at Douglas Aircraft.

1944-1947 -- Worked as architectural draftsman for R.M. Schindler.

1945 -- Began architectural writing career.

1950 -- Wrote script for film Architecture West.

1950 -- Joined editorial board of Arts & Architecture.

1950-1968 -- Worked as free-lance writer for the Los Angeles Times.

1951-1955 -- Traveled to, researched, and wrote about Mexico and Mexican art and architecture.

1954 -- R.M. Schindler Retrospective exhibition at the Landau Art Gallery, Los Angeles.

1956 -- Roots of California Contemporary Architecture exhibition, Los Angeles Municipal Art Department.

1957 -- Felix Candela exhibition, University of Southern California, Los Angeles.

1958 -- Irving Gill exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Traveled to Italy.

1959-1968 -- Contributing editor to Italian periodicals Zodiac and Lotus.

1960 -- Five California Architects (New York: Reinhold).

1960 -- Richard Neutra (New York: G. Braziller).

1960 -- Awarded Star of Order of Solidarity by the Republic of Italy for reporting on arts and crafts in Italy.

1962 -- Death of Berkeley Greene Tobey.

1962 -- Modern California Houses: Case Study Houses (New York: Reinhold) (reprinted as Case Study Houses, Los Angeles: Hennessey and Ingalls, 1978).

1963 -- Resident Fellow at Huntington Hartford Foundation.

1964 -- Juan O'Gorman exhibition, San Fernando Valley State College, Northridge, Calif.

1965 -- Consultant for the California Arts Commission.

1965-1966 -- Wrote and produced the film Dodge House.

1965-1968 -- Lecturer at University of California at Los Angeles, School of Architecture and Urban Planning.

1966 -- Resident Fellow at MacDowell Colony, New Hampshire.

1967 -- Ten Italian Architects exhibition, Los Angeles County Museum of Art.

1967 -- Honorary Associate of the Southern California Chapter of the American Institute of Architects.

1967 -- Regents' Lecturer at University of California, Santa Barbara.

1968 -- Craig Ellwood (New York: Walker).

1968 -- Distinguished Service Citation from the California Council of AIA.

1969-1970 -- Lecturer at the University of California, Santa Barbara.

1969-1989 -- Contributing editor of Progressive Architecture.

1971-1978 -- Graham Foundation Grants.

1974 -- Regents' Lecturer at the University of California,Santa Cruz.

1979 -- Vienna to Los Angeles: Two Journeys (Santa Monica, Calif.: Arts & Architecture Press).

1979 -- Guggenheim Foundation Fellowship.

1981 -- Los Angeles Chapter Women's Architectural League Honorary Member.

1982 -- Los Angeles County Museum of Art's Modern and Contemporary Art Council Award for Distinguished Achievement.

1983 -- Home Sweet Home: The California Ranch House exhibition at California State University.

1984 -- The Second Generation (Salt Lake City: Peregrine Smith Books).

1985 -- American Institute of Architects, Institute Honor.

1986 -- High Styles exhibition at the Whitney Museum of American Art.

1987 -- Vesta Award for outstanding scholarship.

1989 -- Award from the Historical Society of Southern California.

1989 -- Award from the City of Los Angeles Department of Cultural Affairs.

1989 -- Blueprints for Modern Living: History and Legacy of the Case Study House exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles. Died in Santa Monica, California, December 30.

Related Material:

Also in the Archives of American Art are eight sound cassettes of a transcribed interview with Esther McCoy conducted by Joseph Giovannini, June 8-November 14, 1987.

Provenance:

The collection was given to the Archives of American Art by Esther McCoy in 1986. Before her death in 1989, McCoy assisted in the organization and identification of the papers. Original pre-print film elements for Dodge House 1916 were donated to the Archives of American Art by the Academy Film Archive in 2018.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment. Use of audiovisual recordings without access copies requires advance notice.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Architectural historians -- California  Search this

Art critics -- California  Search this

Topic:

Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Mexico  Search this

Architects -- Italy  Search this

Architecture, Domestic -- California  Search this

Authors -- California  Search this

Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- California  Search this

Architecture, Modern -- 20th century -- Europe  Search this

Architects -- California  Search this

Feminism and art  Search this

Latino and Latin American artists  Search this

Genre/Form:

Diaries

Etchings

Photographs

Sound recordings

Interviews

Video recordings

Slides (photographs)

Transcripts

Drawings

Memoirs

Citation:

Esther McCoy papers, circa 1876-1990, bulk 1938-1989. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by the John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art.

Identifier:

AAA.mccoesth

See more items in:

Esther McCoy papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw93ee58e3b-f2fc-4d98-acf9-de6f76bfed63

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-mccoesth

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (46 cm x 34 cm.)

Container:

Item D-43

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Syria

Aleppo (Syria)

Syria -- Halab -- Aleppo

Date:

1908-1914

Scope and Contents:

Citadel of Aleppo (Syria): Portal of the Bridge Tower: Elevation of Iron Door and Arabic Inscription, in Naskhi Mameluke Script [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-43

FSA A.6 05.0043

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Art of the Islamic World  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Architecture  Search this

Inscriptions  Search this

Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this

Animals in art  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0043

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc31f8871d2-bd6d-40fd-a4f3-99968698bf4e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref8718

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (21.6 cm. x 13.2 cm.)

Container:

Item D-81

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Syria

Aleppo (Syria)

Date:

1908-1914

Scope and Contents:

Aleppo (Syria): Great Mosque: Drawing of Iron Grill of Tomb of Yahya ibn Zakariyya (Saint John the Baptist) [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-81

FSA A.6 05.0081

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Art of the Islamic World  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Architecture  Search this

Decoration and ornament  Search this

Religious buildings  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0081

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc38b64618c-e59a-4815-9c44-62903732298d

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref8762

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (9.9 cm. x 12 cm.)

Container:

Item D-81a

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Syria

Aleppo (Syria)

Date:

1908-1914

Scope and Contents:

Aleppo (Syria): Great Mosque: Drawing of Iron Grill of Tomb of Yahya ibn Zakariyya (Saint John the Baptist) [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-81a

FSA A.6 05.0081a

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Art of the Islamic World  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Architecture  Search this

Decoration and ornament  Search this

Religious buildings  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0081a

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc30b7bffc8-6b32-4750-8478-e214ae5cb40a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref8763

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (21.6 cm. x 13.8 cm.)

Container:

Item D-88

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Syria

Aleppo (Syria)

Date:

1908-1914

Scope and Contents:

Citadel of Aleppo (Syria): Inside of the Ayyubid Entrance Block within the Entrance Complex: Drawing of Figurative Reliefs Depicting Lions, Located on the Third Iron Gate [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-89

FSA A.6 05.0089

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Art of the Islamic World  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Animals in art  Search this

Decoration and ornament  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0089

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc329b6e2f5-20d5-4a7a-bc41-09a53cc2d9d6

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref8770

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (14.8 cm. x 13.8 cm.)

Container:

Item D-90

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Syria

Aleppo (Syria)

Date:

1908-1914

Scope and Contents:

Citadel of Aleppo (Syria): Inside of the Ayyubid Entrance Block within the Entrance Complex: Drawing of Arabic Inscription No. 37, in Naskhi Ayyubid Script, on the Third Iron Gate [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-90

FSA A.6 05.0090

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

The monuments and inscriptions of Northern Syria were surveyed and collected between 1908 and 1914 by Moritz Sobernheim and Ernst Herzfeld as part of a broader project, sponsored by the Institut de France, that of Max van Berchem's "Matériaux pour un Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum." The drawings are related to this survey as well as additional expeditions to Aleppo (Syria) carried out by Ernst Herzfeld in 1907, 1908, 1910, 1914, 1916, 1917, 1918, and 1930.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Art of the Islamic World  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Decoration and ornament  Search this

Inscriptions  Search this

Inscriptions, Arabic  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.6 05.0090

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc33c116cf7-8301-487c-bb75-f72ed4f04b2a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref8772

Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Names:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Collection Creator:

Herzfeld, Ernst, 1879-1948  Search this

Extent:

1 Drawings (visual works) (21.6 cm. x 12.5 cm.)

Container:

Item D-1165

Type:

Archival materials

Drawings (visual works)

Drawings

Place:

Asia

Iran

Pasargadae (Extinct city)

Iran -- Fars -- Pasargadae

Date:

1905-1928

Scope and Contents:

- Handwritten number, probably by Joseph Upton, reads, "D-1165."

- Additional information related to publication reads, "see IAE p. 239 (right)."

Excavation of Pasargadae (Iran): Construction Clamp Made of Iron [drawing]

Arrangement:

Drawings are arranged roughly in sequential number sequences, housed in document boxes or in flat file folders by size, and stored in the map case drawers.

Local Numbers:

D-1165

FSA A.06 05.1165

General:

- Title is provided by Xavier Courouble, FSg Archives cataloger, based on Ernst Herzfeld original drawings'caption and Joseph Upton's Catalogue of the Herzfeld Archive.

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Ernst Herzfeld first visited the site of Pasargadae in November 1905 while on an expedition from Assur (Kalat Schergat, Iraq) to Shiraz (Iran). In mid-November 1923, he conducted a preleminary campaign, completing various measured plans and drawings. Finally, a four-week session of excavations in April and May 1928, funded by the Notgemeinschaft der Deutschen Wissenschaft, was carried out by Ernst Herzfeld, assisted by the architect Friedrich Krefter.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Topic:

Ancient Near Eastern Art  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this

Architectural drawing  Search this

Architecture  Search this

Genre/Form:

Drawings

Collection Citation:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers. FSA.A.06. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of Ernst Herzfeld, 1946.

Identifier:

FSA.A.06, Item FSA A.06 05.1165

See more items in:

Ernst Herzfeld Papers

Ernst Herzfeld Papers / Series 5: Drawings and Maps

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc3c50ff76b-44bf-49bc-8b74-2ea27c70d040

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-06-ref9824

Creator:

Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company  Search this

Consolidation Coal Company  Search this

Donor:

Bethlehem Steel Corporation  Search this

Extent:

23 Cubic feet (99 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Photograph albums

Date:

1885-1940s

Summary:

The collection documents the building, operation and daily life of coal mining communities in Kentucky, West Virginia and Ohio between 1911 and 1946. The collection is a valuable for the study of mining technology and the social conditions of the time period and regions.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists mostly of photographs depicting Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company mines and mining towns in Maryland, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia. Subjects include worker housing, schools for miners' children, gardens, churches, recreational facilities, health services, company stores, safety, mining machinery, construction of mines and related structures, and the interiors of mines.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into two series.

Series 1: Background Materials, 1904-1933

Series 2: Photographs, 1885-1940s

Subseries 2.1: Photograph Albums, 1885-1932

Subseries 2.2: West Virginia Division, 19091-1917

Subseries 2.3: Glass Plate and Film Negatives, 1911-1940s

Subseries 2.4: Numbered Photographs, 1911-1930

Subseries 2.5: Miscellaneous, 1913, 1916

Historical Note:

The Consolidation Coal Company was started in 1864 to mine bituminous coal deposits in Maryland's Cumberland region. it expanded by acquiring other mine companies as well as rail and other transportation companies. It went into receivership in 1932. The Pittsburgh Coal Company, founded in 1900, took over the firm in 1945 and formed the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company.

The Consolidation Coal Company (Maryland)

The Consolidation Coal Company was incorporated in Maryland on March 8, 1860, for the purpose of effecting a merger of a number of coal operators mining the Georges Creek basin in Allegany County, Maryland. Because of the Civil War, during which Confederate armies frequently blocked the region's only outlet to market, the company was not actually organized until April 19, 1864. Starting life as the dominant operator in this small but significant coal field, "Consol" rose to become the nation's top producer of bituminous coal.

The Georges Creek or Cumberland Coal Field, occupying part of the triangle of western Maryland, contained a high-quality, low-volatile bituminous steam coal which was also, thanks to the Potomac River, the coal of this type most accessible to Eastern markets. Coal had been mined in the region beginning in the 1700s, and the first coal company, the Maryland Mining Company, had been incorporated in 1828. However, large-scale development could not occur until the mid-1840s, after the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad reached Cumberland and provided reliable transportation. This also coincided with the development of ocean steam navigation and a rapid growth in the number of railroad locomotives and stationary steam engines. Cumberland coal was ideal for ship bunkering, and much of the output was shipped to New York Harbor. Naturally, New York capitalists and manufacturers played a leading role in developing the field. Lewis Howell's Maryland and New York Iron and Coal Company rolled the first solid U.S. railroad rail at its Mount Savage mill in 1844. The Consolidation Coal merger was put together by New Yorkers such as William H. Aspinwall, Erastus Corning, the Delanos and Roosevelts, and the Boston financier John Murray Forbes, who already had substantial investments in the region.

Upon its formation, the Consolidation Coal Company acquired the properties of the Ocean Steam Coal Company, the Frostburg Coal Company, and the Mount Savage Iron Company totaling about 11,000 acres. The last named company brought with it control of the Cumberland and Pennsylvania Railroad, which connected the mines to the Baltimore & Ohio and later the Pennsylvania and Western Maryland railroads. In 1870, Consol absorbed the Cumberland Coal and Iron Company of 1840, the next largest operator in the field, and gained an additional 7,000 acres. Further purchases from the Delano interests gave it over 80 percent of the entire Cumberland Field.

Soon after its hated rival, the Pennsylvania Railroad, gained access to the Cumberland Coal Field, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad began purchasing large blocks of Consolidation Coal stock to protect its traffic base in 1875, eventually gaining a 52 percent interest. A B&O slate of directors was elected in February 1877, with Charles F. Mayer of Baltimore as president, and the company offices were moved from New York to Baltimore.

Until the turn of the century, Consolidation Coal's mining operations were confined to the small soft coal region of western Maryland. The company purchased the 12,000 acre Millholland coal tract near Morgantown, W.Va. in 1902 and acquired controlling interests in the Fairmont Coal Company of West Virginia and the Somerset Coal Company of Pennsylvania the following year. These acquisitions boosted Consolidation's annual production more than six-fold in only three years. The company purchased the 25,000 acre Stony Creek tract in Somerset County, Pa., in 1904. The Fairmont Coal Company purchase included a joint interest in the North Western Fuel Company, which owned and operated docks and coal distribution facilities in Wisconsin and Minnesota.

In 1906, the Interstate Commerce Commission held a formal investigation of rail ownership of coal companies, which resulted in the passage of the Hepburn Act and its "Commodities Clause," which prohibited railroads from dealing in the commodities they hauled. In anticipation of the new regulations, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad sold its entire holdings of Consolidation stock to a Baltimore syndicate headed by Consol president Clarence W. Watson, J. H. Wheelwright and H. Crawford on April 26, 1906. At the time of the B&O's divestiture, the aggregate annual output of Consolidation's mines totaled more than 10 million tons and the company controlled more than 200,000 acres. The John D. Rockefeller interests began purchasing Consol securities in 1915, eventually securing a controlling interest. The company's offices were returned to New York City in May 1921.

After the B&O divestiture, Consol began expanding into the Southern Appalachian coal fields, which were just being opened by railroads on a large scale. The mines in this region yielded a low volatile coal that provided an ideal fuel source for stationary steam engines, ships, and locomotives. Of equal importance, operators in the remote mountains had been able to resist unionization and thus achieve lower operating costs, while all of Consol's previous holdings had been in the so-called "Central Competitive Field" to the north, which had been unionized in the 1890s. Consolidation Coal purchased 30,000 acres in the Millers Creek Field of Eastern Kentucky in 1909 and 100,000 acres in the Elkhorn Field the next year. In February 1922, Consol secured a long term lease and option on the Carter Coal Company, whose 37,000 acres straddled the borders of Virginia, West Virginia and Kentucky. In 1925, Consol became the nation's largest producer of bituminous coal, excluding the captive mines of the steel companies.

During the Great Depression, Consolidation Coal experienced serious financial difficulties and was forced into receivership on June 2, 1932. The Rockefellers liquidated their holdings at a loss, and the Carter Coal Company was returned to the Carter heirs in 1933. Consol was reorganized and reincorporated in Delaware as the Consolidation Coal Company, Inc. on November 1, 1935, and was able to retain its position as one of the nation's top coal producers. Eventually, stock control passed into the hands of the M.A. Hanna Company group of Cleveland, dealers in coal and iron ore. Although production reached record levels during the Second World War, management feared a recurrence of the collapse that had followed World War I. It also faced the prospect of increased competition from oil and natural gas and the loss of traditional markets such as home heating and locomotive fuel. As a result Consol opened negotiations with another large producer, the Pittsburgh Coal Company, which was the dominant operator in the Pittsburgh District.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company

The Pittsburgh Coal Company was a product of the great industrial merger movement of the late 1890s. In 1899, two large mergers were effected in the Pittsburgh District.

The Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on October 1, 1899 to merge the properties of over 90 small firms operating mines along the Monongahela River south of Pittsburgh. Some of these operations dated to the early 1800s, and all of them shipped coal down the Ohio-Mississippi River system by barge from close to the mine mouth, or later by the railroads built along the river banks. The combination controlled 40,000 acres of coal land, 100 steam towboats, 4,000 barges, and facilities for handling coal at Cincinnati, Louisville, Vicksburg, Memphis, Baton Rouge and New Orleans.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company was incorporated in New Jersey as a holding company on September 1, 1899 and acquired the properties of over 80 operators located in the areas back from the river on both sides of the Monongahela south of Pittsburgh. The combination was engineered by some of the most prominent Pittsburgh industrialists, including Andrew W. Mellon, Henry W. Oliver, and Henry Clay Frick. It controlled over 80,000 acres and six collector railroads, the longest of which was the Montour Railroad. Most of its output was shipped by rail, with a large share being transferred to ships on the Great Lakes for distribution throughout the industrial Midwest. The company owned coal docks and yards at Chicago, Cleveland, Duluth, West Superior, Sault Ste. Marie, Ashtabula, Fairport and Thornburg. Subsequently, the company expanded in southwestern Pennsylvania and the Hocking Valley of Ohio through the lease of the Shaw Coal Company in 1901 and the purchase of the Midland Coal Company in 1903. Most of the properties were vested in a separate Pittsburgh Coal Company, an operating company incorporated in Pennsylvania.

Unlike the Consolidation Coal Company, which had grown by gradual accretion, the Pittsburgh Coal Company had been created in a single stroke. As with many mergers of the period, its capitalization probably contained a high percentage of "water" in anticipation of profits from future growth. Unfortunately, the years after the merger saw explosive growth in the coal fields of Southern Appalachia instead. Although farther from major consuming centers, they enjoyed several advantages. The coal itself was superior, low-volatile with higher BTU content and altogether cleaner than the high-volatile coals of Ohio and the Pittsburgh District. As already noted, the southern mines were also non-union. With the inroads of Southern Appalachian coal, the Pittsburgh Coal Company continuously lost ground in the crucial Lake and western markets from 1900 to 1915. The company's capitalization proved unwieldy in the unsettled economic conditions following the Panic of 1907. A reorganization plan was devised under which a new Pittsburgh Coal Company was incorporated in Pennsylvania on January 12, 1916 by merging the old Pittsburgh Coal Company of Pennsylvania and the Monongahela River Consolidated Coal and Coke Company. The old holding company was then liquidated and the stock of the new operating company distributed to its stockholders. Dissension between the common and preferred stockholders delayed consummation of the plan until July 16, 1917.

The Pittsburgh Coal Company, which had all its operations in the Central Competitive Field, had a much more difficult time than Consolidation in breaking the 1923 Jacksonville Agreement with the United Mine Workers in 1925-1927 and reverting to non-union status. The three-year struggle ended the company's ability to pay dividends. Pittsburgh Coal survived the Depression without receivership but with ever-increasing arrearages on its preferred stock. By the end of World War II, its managers were just as eager as those at Consol to attempt greater economies through merger. The Pittsburgh Coal Company and the Consolidation Coal Company merged on November 23, 1945, with exchange ratios of 65 to 35 percent. Pittsburgh Coal Company, the surviving partner, changed its name to the Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company.

The Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company

After the merger, the M.A. Hanna Company interests of Cleveland became the dominant factor in Pitt-Consol's affairs. Hanna had transferred its pre-merger Consol stock to its subsidiary Bessemer Coal & Coke Corporation in 1943. This led to a restructuring whereby Pitt-Consol acquired Hanna's share of the North Western-Hanna Fuel Company in April 1946 and the Hanna coal properties in eastern Ohio on June 16, 1946 These included large reserves of strippable coal that accounted for about 20 percent of the state's production. Pitt-Consol later acquired Hanna's holdings of coal land in Harrison, Belmont and Jefferson Counties, Ohio, on December 30, 1949. It purchased the New York Central Railroad's 51 percent interest in the Jefferson Coal Company, giving it full control, in 1952 and merged it into the Hanna Coal Company Division.

Pitt-Consol sold its last major railroads, the Montour Railroad and the Youngstown & Southern Railway to the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad on December 31, 1946. The Northwestern Coal Railway had been sold to the Great Northern system, and the Cumberland & Pennsylvania Railroad had been sold to the Western Maryland Railway in May 1944.

In addition, a new Research and Development Division was created to fund projects aimed at developing more efficient production methods, new outlets for coal consumption, coal-based synthetic fuels and chemical byproducts. A new coal gasification plant opened at Library, Pa., in November 1948, and the company began the manufacture of a smokeless fuel briquette under the trademark "Disco" at Imperial, Pa., in 1949. An experimental coal slurry pipeline was built in Ohio in 1952.

During the 1950s and early 1960s, Pitt-Consol made many changes in its coal holdings, selling high-cost or less desirable properties, diversifying its reserves across many different coal fields, rationalizing property lines to permit large mechanized underground or strip mines and forming joint ventures with steel companies to secure guaranteed customers. Pitt-Consol acquired the Jamison Coal and Coke Company in 1954 and the Pocahontas Fuel Company, Incorporated, a large producer of low-volatile Southern Appalachian coal, in 1956. In the latter year, it sold its Elkhorn Field properties to the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. As Pittsburgh District operations became less central, the corporate name was changed back to Consolidation Coal Company in April 1958.

The Consolidation Coal Company, CONOCO and CONSOL Energy, Inc.:

Consol continued to expand into the early 1960s. On April 30, 1962, it absorbed the Truax-Traer Coal Company of Illinois. Truax-Traer also mined lignite in North Dakota, a low-grade but low-sulfur coal that was taking a greater share of the power generation market as environmental laws placed greater restrictions on high-sulfur coal from the Central Competitive Field. The following year Consol acquired the Crozer Coal and Land Company and the Page Coal and Coke Company, owners of additional reserves of low-volatile, low-sulfur steam coal in southern West Virginia.

In 1966, just two years after the company marked its centennial, Consolidation Coal was acquired by the Continental Oil Company (Conoco). This was part of a general trend whereby U.S. oil companies extended their reach by acquiring coal reserves and large coal producers. In turn, Conoco was acquired by E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Company in 1981. This purchase was motivated by DuPont's desire to obtain better control of chemical feedstocks in an era of high oil prices. Consolidation Coal was not a major factor in the Conoco acquisition and did not really fit into DuPont's strategy, especially after coal and oil prices declined. As a result, it was quickly sold off when DuPont was restructured a decade later. In 1991, a new holding company CONSOL Engery, Inc. was incorporated as a joint venture of DuPont Energy Company and the German energy conglomerate Rheinisch-Westfalisches Elektrizitatswerk A.G., through its wholly owned subsidiaries Rheinbraun A.G. and Rheinbraun U.S.A. GmbH. Consolidation Coal Company became a wholly-owned subsidiary of CONSOL Energy, Inc. DuPont eventually sold most of its half interest, so that by 1998, Rheinbraun affiliates owned 94% of CONSOL Energy stock, while DuPont Energy retained only 6%. CONSOL Energy purchased the entire stock of the Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company on September 22, 1998. CONSOL Energy stock began trading on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol "CNX" in 1999, with an initial public offering of more than 20 million shares.

CONSOL Energy produced more than 74 million tons of coal in 1999, accounting for approximately 7% of domestic production. The company currently operates 22 mining complexes, primarily east of the Mississippi River.

Source

Historical note from the Consolidation Coal Company Records, Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center

The Archives Center holds a number of collections that document coal.

Coal and Gas Trust Investigation Collection (AC1049)

Hammond Coal Company Records (AC1003)

Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company Records (AC0071)

Lehigh Valley Coal Company Records (AC1106)

Philadelphia and Reading Coal and Iron Company Records (AC0282)

Materials in Other Organizations

Archives Service Center, University of Pittsburgh

CONSOL Energy, Inc. Mine Maps and Records Collection, 1857-2002

AIS.1991.16

The CONSOL Energy Inc. collection contains coal mine maps, related documents and topographical information, as well as surface maps and detailed information on mine accidents. Additionally, there are technical drawings, outside notes on multiple mines, traverse and survey books, information on companies and railroads with which CONSOL conducted business, and a variety of non-print materials including photographs, negatives and aperture cards. Digital reproductions of selected material are available online.

CONSOL Energy Inc. West Virginia and Eastern Ohio Mine Maps and Records Collection, 1880-1994

AIS.2004.22

The CONSOL Energy Inc. West Virginia and Eastern Ohio Mine Maps and Records Collection contains coal mine maps as well as surface maps and detailed information on mine accidents in West Virginia and Eastern Ohio. Additionally, there are technical drawings, related documents, traverse and survey books, publications and photographs.

Consolidation Coal Company Records, 1854-1971, bulk 1864-1964

AIS.2011.03

The Consolidation Coal Company (Consol) was created by the merger of several small operators mining the Georges Creek coal basin in Allegany County, Maryland. The company expanded rapidly in the early twentieth century through the purchase of substantial tracts in the coal fields of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Kentucky as well as docks and distribution facilities in the Great Lakes region. By 1927, Consol was the nation's largest producer of bituminous coal. Following a merger with the Pittsburgh Coal Company in 1945, the company pursued a policy of acquiring companies which afforded opportunities for greater diversification while selling off unprofitable lines. In addition, a new research and development division was created to fund projects aimed at developing more efficient production methods and new outlets for coal consumption. The records of the Consolidation Coal Company and its affiliated companies are arranged in seven series. Minute books and contract files provide the most comprehensive documentation in this collection.

Provenance:

Donated to the National Museum of American History in 1987 by Bethlehem Steel Corporation.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Mining corporations  Search this

Mining -- West Virginia  Search this

Mining -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Mining -- Maryland  Search this

Company towns  Search this

Mining -- Kentucky  Search this

Mines -- West Virginia  Search this

Mines -- Pennsylvania  Search this

Mines -- Maryland  Search this

Mines -- Kentucky  Search this

Mining and minerals industry  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- 20th century

Photographs -- 20th century

Photograph albums -- 20th century

Citation:

Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1007

See more items in:

Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86027ae9f-9a84-4277-adcf-d0b5e919ac6a

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1007

Item Creator:

Church Missionary Society. Uganda Mission  Search this

Extent:

1 Photographic print (B/W)

Type:

Archival materials

Photographic prints

Place:

Uganda

Date:

ca. 1897

General:

Original caption reads "Iron-smelting."

Item Restrictions:

Use of original records requires an appointment. Contact Archives staff for more details.

Item Rights:

Permission to reproduce images from the Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives must be obtained in advance. The collection is subject to all copyright laws.

Topic:

smelting  Search this

Identifier:

EEPA.1998-002, Item EEPA.1998-002-0016

See more items in:

Uganda photographs

Archival Repository:

Eliot Elisofon Photographic Archives, National Museum of African Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/xo7b1916698-507b-446c-bdd7-d2938ebe9b62

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-eepa-1998-002-ref524

Artist:

Imitation of Ogata Kenzan (1663-1743)  Search this

Kyoto workshop  Search this

Medium:

Red clay; white slip, iron pigment under transparent lead glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam: 19 × 23.3 cm (7 1/2 × 9 3/16 in)

Style:

Raku ware, unknown workshop

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Kyoto, Kyoto prefecture, Japan

Date:

late 19th century

Period:

Meiji era

Topic:

Raku ware  Search this

Meiji era (1868 - 1912)  Search this

water  Search this

tea  Search this

Japan  Search this

Japanese Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Charles Lang Freer

Accession Number:

F1900.118

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

On View:

Freer Gallery 20a: Image of Power

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye33abc5278-852b-405f-9e08-b55597e16a3f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1900.118

Artist:

Imitation of Ogata Kenzan (1663-1743)  Search this

Kyoto workshop  Search this

Medium:

White clay; white slip, iron pigment under transparent lead glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam: 8 × 9.5 cm (3 1/8 × 3 3/4 in)

Style:

Raku ware, unknown workshop

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Kyoto, Kyoto prefecture, Japan

Date:

late 19th century

Period:

Meiji era

Topic:

Raku ware  Search this

Meiji era (1868 - 1912)  Search this

tea  Search this

Japan  Search this

Japanese Art  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Charles Lang Freer

Accession Number:

F1902.211

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

On View:

Freer Gallery 20a: Image of Power

Related Online Resources:

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3f5511323-c5ba-4456-80ae-9967d6f1109a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F1902.211

Artist:

Sen Soshitsu XIII 十三代目千宗室 (1872-1924)  Search this

Medium:

Earthenware, Raku glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (tea bowl overall): 8.2 × 12.2 cm (3 1/4 × 4 13/16 in)

Diam (tea bowl foot): 4.5 cm (1 3/4 in)

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Japan

Date:

1919

Period:

Taisho era

Topic:

Taisho era (1912 - 1926)  Search this

Japan  Search this

Japanese Art  Search this

tea ceremony  Search this

The Kinsey Chanoyu Collection  Search this

Credit Line:

The Kinsey Chanoyu Collection, Gift of Gregory Kinsey

Accession Number:

F2019.5.1a-j

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

On View:

Freer Gallery 20a: Image of Power

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3abe0fd7e-12b5-47f4-a196-54e38c11d320

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_F2019.5.1a-j

Medium:

Stoneware with degraded iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 7.1 x 15 cm (2 13/16 x 5 7/8 in)

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Binh Dinh province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

14th-late 15th century

Period:

Vijaya period

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Vijaya period (1000 - 1471)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

brown and black glaze  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.128

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

F|S Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3c4956b7c-5dd0-437a-adbb-0dde1585b2da

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.128

Medium:

Stoneware with iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 3.8 x 12.3 cm (1 1/2 x 4 13/16 in)

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Binh Dinh province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

14th-15th century

Period:

Vijaya period

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Vijaya period (1000 - 1471)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

brown and black glaze  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.129

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

F|S Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye317d3dca1-15c3-4a1f-93e5-5127df3b7229

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.129

Medium:

Stoneware with thin iron wash and slight accumulation of fly-ash glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 30.5 x 25.5 cm (12 x 10 1/16 in)

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

14th-17th century

Period:

Tran, Later Le, Mac or Restored Later Le dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Tran dynasty (1225 - 1400)  Search this

Later Le dynasty (1428 - 1527)  Search this

Mac dynasty (1527 - 1592)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

wood-ash glaze  Search this

iron wash  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.137

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

F|S Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3f47ad5f2-da71-4eff-925f-a4e21ad502b9

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.137

Medium:

Stoneware with iron-tinted lead-silicate or lead-alkali-silicate glaze; brass cover

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 30.4 x 16.1 cm (11 15/16 x 6 5/16 in)

Style:

Quang Duc ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Quang Duc kilns, Phu Yen province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

18th-mid 20th century

Period:

Restored Later Le, Tay Son, or Nguyen dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Nguyen dynasty (1802 - 1945)  Search this

Tay Son dynasty (1778 - 1802)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

lead glaze  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

alkali-silicate glaze  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Quang Duc ware  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.156

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3330fcb52-e41d-4533-a319-5fa2bc15c14f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.156

Medium:

Stoneware with iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 15.2 x 13.8 cm (6 x 5 7/16 in)

Style:

Quang Duc ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Phu Yen province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

18th-mid 20th century

Period:

Restored Later Le, Tay Son, or Nguyen dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Nguyen dynasty (1802 - 1945)  Search this

Tay Son dynasty (1778 - 1802)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

brown and black glaze  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Quang Duc ware  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.161

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye386087b82-a71d-4efc-9e57-54bf9cff1fa7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.161

Medium:

Stoneware with iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 17.6 x 18.8 cm (6 15/16 x 7 3/8 in)

Style:

Quang Duc ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Phu Yen province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

18th-mid 20th century

Period:

Restored Later Le, Tay Son, or Nguyen dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Nguyen dynasty (1802 - 1945)  Search this

Tay Son dynasty (1778 - 1802)  Search this

glazed  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Quang Duc ware  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.162

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye348e30899-a912-4c85-b3cc-5b4d116d3bff

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.162

Medium:

Stoneware with iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 8.2 x 9.6 cm (3 1/4 x 3 3/4 in)

Style:

Quang Duc ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Phu Yen province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

18th-mid 20th century

Period:

Restored Later Le, Tay Son, or Nguyen dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Nguyen dynasty (1802 - 1945)  Search this

Tay Son dynasty (1778 - 1802)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Quang Duc ware  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.164

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye300998afe-500d-4247-8172-b920080ed8a3

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.164

Medium:

Stoneware with iron glaze

Dimensions:

H x Diam (overall): 9.5 x 9 cm (3 3/4 x 3 9/16 in)

Style:

Quang Duc ware

Type:

Vessel

Origin:

Phu Yen province, Coastal, Central Vietnam

Date:

18th-mid 20th century

Period:

Restored Later Le, Tay Son, or Nguyen dynasty

Topic:

Vietnam  Search this

Nguyen dynasty (1802 - 1945)  Search this

Tay Son dynasty (1778 - 1802)  Search this

stoneware  Search this

brown and black glaze  Search this

Southeast Asian Art  Search this

Hauge collection  Search this

Restored Later Le dynasty (1533 - 1782)  Search this

Quang Duc ware  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Osborne and Gratia Hauge, and Victor and Takako Hauge

Accession Number:

S2005.165

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

Related Online Resources:

Ceramics in Mainland Southeast Asia

Google Cultural Institute

See more items in:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Collection

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ye3e6d852fb-9e6e-4ffd-b5b8-758a9c55fbd3

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:fsg_S2005.165