Search Results

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife (1988)  Search this

Vennum, Thomas  Search this

Artist:

LeJeune, Eddie  Search this

Wiggins, Phil  Search this

Cephas, John  Search this

LeLeux, Lionel  Search this

Ancelet, Barry Jean  Search this

Grey Hawk, Ben, 1937-  Search this

Azure, Ray  Search this

Brown, Butch  Search this

Snowdon, Antony Armstrong-Jones, Earl of, 1930-  Search this

Spotted Bird, Adrian C.  Search this

Three Stars, Harry, 1934-  Search this

Badland Singers  Search this

Performer:

LeJeune, Eddie  Search this

Wiggins, Phil  Search this

Cephas, John  Search this

Badland Singers  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound recording (sound tape reel, 7 inch reel, 1/4 inch tape)

1 Sound recording (sound-tape reel, analog, 7 in.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Indians of North America  Search this

Cajuns  Search this

Dakota Indians  Search this

African American  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

Louisiana

Morse (La.)

Montana

Virginia

Bowling Green (Va.)

Date:

1988 July 3

Contents:

Lejeune group--Love Bridge waltz; Badlands Singers--Intertribal--Explanation--Traditional Dance--Slide Song--talk--Sneak up dance--Round dance--Intertribal (2x); Cephas and Wiggins--Dog days of August--Sweet bitter blues (frag)

Track Information:

101 Cajun Music / Eddie LeJeune. Accordion,Fiddle,Guitar. French language.

102 American Indian Performance / Badland Singers. Drum.

103 Piedmont Blues / John Cephas, Phil Wiggins. Guitar,Harmonica.

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-7RR-0069

General:

"Bowling Green" John Cephas, "Harmonica" Phil Wiggins; Eddie Lejeune Group, Lionel Leleux, Ray Junior Thibodeaux, Barry Jean Ancelet; Badlands Singers, Ben Gray Hawk, Ray Azure, Butch Brown, Earl Jones, Adrian C. Spotted Bird, Harry Three Stars Reel 3 Of 6

CDR copy

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 3, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Cajun music  Search this

American Indian  Search this

Blues (Music)  Search this

Accordion  Search this

Violin  Search this

Guitar  Search this

Drum  Search this

Harmonica  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-7RR-0069

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 3: Festival Music Stage / Audio

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref686

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

10/5711

Barcode:

105711.002

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6c180d75a-3961-41af-8a09-06ae8a13e790

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114177

Culture/People:

probably Powhatan (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Pipe bowl copying a European form

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Modeled

Object Type:

Pipes and Smoking

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably AD 1500–1700

Catalog Number:

10/5729

Barcode:

105729.000

See related items:

Powhatan (archaeological)

Pipes and Smoking

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws63630883b-2e4e-4951-81b0-14d7d8e6236f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114284

Culture/People:

probably Non-Indian (archaeological) (attributed); probably used by the Pamunkey  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Trade pipe bowl

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Mold-made

Object Type:

Pipes and Smoking

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

1740–1800

Catalog Number:

10/5732

Barcode:

105732.000

See related items:

Non-Indian (archaeological)

Pamunkey

Pipes and Smoking

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws62f8959b9-3d40-4e7a-b169-89305c136b18

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114287

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, modeled

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Near White House; Pamunkey River; Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

9/8400

Barcode:

098400.000

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6d3888e79-cab9-4326-876f-8241fae54f8e

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_106396

Culture/People:

Non-Indian (archaeological); probably used by the Powhatan  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Bead/beads

Media/Materials:

Glass bead/beads

Techniques:

Unmodified

Dimensions:

3.4 x 0.4 cm

Object Type:

Adornment/Jewelry

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

1650–1750

Catalog Number:

10/5804

Barcode:

105804.000

See related items:

Non-Indian (archaeological)

Powhatan

Adornment/Jewelry

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws68fc47616-dc4f-4c75-81bc-c5790afddae5

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114360

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Pipe bowl

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Modeled

Dimensions:

11 x 4 x 4 cm

Object Type:

Pipes and Smoking

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

14/4280

Barcode:

144280.000

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Pipes and Smoking

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws66240a9b1-d801-453e-b2de-e35e6377f25b

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_154834

Culture/People:

probably Late Woodland Tradition (archaeological culture) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, modeled, incised

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Uttamussack, Powhatan's village site, Pamunkey River; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

AD 1500–1725 (Late Woodland period)

Catalog Number:

9/8379

Barcode:

098379.001

See related items:

Late Woodland Tradition (archaeological culture)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6ad78d76c-2baa-474a-bcdd-5d168da8a30a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_106371

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

10/5711

Barcode:

105711.000

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6d45a9575-5fd8-4f0f-ad4c-56d6519da34b

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114175

Culture/People:

probably Powhatan (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Pipe

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Modeled

Object Type:

Pipes and Smoking

Place:

Shell midden; Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably AD 1500–1700

Catalog Number:

11/376

Barcode:

110376.000

See related items:

Powhatan (archaeological)

Pipes and Smoking

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws69b609141-a7ab-4b33-9ef3-6cda6c311299

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_118980

Culture/People:

probably Powhatan (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Polishing stone for pottery making

Media/Materials:

Stone, quartz

Techniques:

Unmodified

Object Type:

Pottery making tools

Place:

Shell midden; Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably AD 1600–1800

Catalog Number:

11/377

Barcode:

110377.000

See related items:

Powhatan (archaeological)

Pottery making tools

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws684745319-7711-4464-ba73-d07ac2bdd7f4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_118981

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, modeled

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Near White House; Pamunkey River; Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

9/8400

Barcode:

098400.001

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws61fafcf33-0bec-42cf-95f9-135740bf9794

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_106397

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Fossil shark tooth (probably Carcharocles spp.) used as tool to decorate pottery

Media/Materials:

Fossil shark tooth/teeth

Techniques:

Unmodified

Object Type:

Pottery making tools

Place:

Shell midden; Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

1700–1900 (tooth probably dates to Middle Miocene epoch: 13 to 15 million years ago)

Catalog Number:

11/378

Barcode:

110378.000

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Pottery making tools

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6c418de60-f884-491f-97b2-7fafbcb0ae23

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_118982

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, modeled

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Uttamussack, Powhatan's village site, Pamunkey River; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

9/8379

Barcode:

098379.000

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws66d0da7c1-3f82-4b13-a511-cb0198acb6b4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_106370

Culture/People:

probably Pamunkey (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Seller:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Presenter/funding source:

James Bishop Ford (James B. Ford), Non-Indian, 1844-1928  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/Potsherd

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Pamunkey Reservation; King William County; Virginia; USA

Date created:

probably 1750–1900

Catalog Number:

10/5711

Barcode:

105711.001

See related items:

Pamunkey (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws69ede6b18-74cc-4aaa-bd34-539af8389d21

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_114176

Creator:

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Correspondent:

American Association of Physical Anthropologists  Search this

Names:

American Journal of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Army Medical Museum (U.S.)  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Institute of Population  Search this

International Congress of Americanists  Search this

Panama-California Exposition (1915 : San Diego, Calif.)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology. Division of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

206.71 Linear feet (294 boxes, 138 folders, 9 rolled items, and 4 folios)

Culture:

Indians of North America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Saint Lawrence Island (Alaska) -- Archaeology

Australia

Alaska -- Archaeology

Mexico -- Anthropology

Florida -- Archaeology

Egypt -- Archaeology

Czechoslovakia

Peru -- Physical anthropology

Kodiak Island (Alaska)

Date:

1875-1966

bulk 1903-1943

Summary:

The papers of Aleš Hrdlička, curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, offer considerable insight into the development of physical anthropology in the first half of this century. The papers include honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). In addition, there is material of a personal nature. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the USNM.

Scope and Contents:

This collection is comprised of both professional and personal materials. The professional material includes honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). The personal material primarily consists of correspondence with his first wife (Marie Dieudonnée Strickler) and other family members, but there are also financial records. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Hrdlička investigated all major questions confronting physical anthropologists of his day (the fossil record of early humans, the arrival of humans in the Americas, human variation, evolution, and eugenics) and made valuable contributions in all these areas. Hrdlička's interests in the establishment of physical anthropology as a distinct and important field, the welfare of the Czech people, early hominids, and variation within the human species are all documented in the collection as are the services he performed for various United States government agencies. He pursued field studies in many different parts of the world, but there are relatively few field notes as such among his papers. There is instead the edited journal "My Journeys," photographs, and physical anthropological forms. There is also relatively little material on his administrative involvement in the USNM. There is no material from Hrdlička's time at the Pathological Institution of the New York State Hospitals; after he resigned, fire destroyed the anthropological records Hrdlička collected as a member of the staff. There are materials in the collection which contradict, or at least complicate, many long-held criticisms of Hrdlička, particularly claims that he was racist and opposed feminist ideas. The collection contains materials of interest to genetic research, including anthropometric measurements, hair clippings and fingerprints.

There are a few items in the collection which are dated earlier than the collection's date span. These are publication dates, and the folders containing the items have been dated accordingly, but they have not affected the dates of the series or collection. There are also a few items which are dated after Hrdlička's death. These dates reflect the fact that the collection was added to by the Department of Physical Anthropology after Hrdlička's death and have been taken into account when formulating dates for the series and collection.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 37 series:

(1) Miscellaneous Personal Papers, 1875-1940

(2) Early Personal Correspondence, 1883-1919

(3) Correspondence, 1885-1953

(4) News Clippings and Printed Matter, 1893-1953

(5) Financial Papers, 1910-1943

(6) Journeys to the Southwestern United States and Mexican Indians, 1898-1919

(7) Journeys to the Dakota, Chippewa, Kickapoo, and Shawnee, 1916-1917

(8) Florida Survey, 1918, 1918-1927

(9) Alaska Archeological Expeditions, 1912-1938 (bulk 1926-1938)

(10) Panama-California Exposition Expeditions, 1912-1914

(11) Journey to Egypt, Europe, and Russia, 1908-1909

(12) Journey to South America, 1910, 1910-1912

(13) Journey to the Far East, 1920, 1900-1930

(14) Journey to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe, 1924-1925

(15) Anthropometric Measurements of Indians Taken at the United States National Museum, 1904-1905, most undated

(16) Bone Studies, 1893-1929, most undated

(17) Old Americans, 1914-1930

(18) Children Who Run on All Fours, 1928-1936

(19) Early Man Studies, 1906-1930

(20) European Ethnic History, 1908-1938

(21) Miscellaneous Research Notes, 1887-1930

(22) Manuscripts of Writings, 1901-1944, most undated

(23) Writings by Other Authors, 1877-1942

(24) Anthropometry, undated

(25) "From My Journeys", 1898-1938

(26) -- American Journal of Physical Anthropology -- , 1918-1931

(27) American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 1924-1931

(28) International Congress of Americanists, 1900-1928

(29) Institute of Population, 1942

(30) Department of Anthropology, 1914-1943

(31) Lecture Notes, 1920-1932

(32) Maps and Charts, 1900-1932

(33) Miscellany, 1895-1954

(34) Index Cards, 1899-1948

(35) Bibliographic Index, undated

(36) Physical Anthropology Folios, undated

(37) Photographs, 1887-1944

Biographical Note:

Aleš Hrdlička was born in Bohemia in 1869 and came to America when he was thirteen. As a young man, he was trained in medicine at New York's Eclectic Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College, receiving degrees from each. His first professional work was as a private practitioner, but he gave that up in 1894 when he joined the staff of the New York State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. There, in addition to other duties, he began studies of the physical characteristics of inmates. This set in motion developments that would eventually lead him to become one of the world's most prominent anthropologists who has sometimes been referred to as "the founder of physical anthropology in America."

In 1896, in preparation for a research appointment with the Department of Anthropology in the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, Hrdlička went to Paris and studied with Leon Manouvrier. After his return to America, he worked for a short period with the Pathological Institute and came into contact with G.S. Huntington of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Hrdlička arranged and studied Huntington's large collection of skeletal material, thus gaining knowledge of a well-documented collection representing largely normal persons of European ancestry. He came to the attention of Frederic Ward Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, who arranged for his first anthropological field studies.

It was thus that Hrdlička became a member of the Hyde Expeditions to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. In 1898, he traveled to Mexico with Carl Lumholtz to study the Tarahumaras, Huichols, and neighboring tribes. In subsequent years, he returned to Mexico and the Southwest alone and studied physical characteristics and medical conditions of several American Indian tribes. With this experience and examinations of the Trenton and Lansing skeletal material for Putnam, Hrdlička came fully into the world of anthropology. In 1903, he was appointed head of the newly formed Division of Physical Anthropology in the United States National Museum.

While in his position at the Smithsonian, Hrdlička returned to the Southwest for studies of Pima and Apache children in 1905 and, in the following year, traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1908, he worked among a number of Indian tribes, including the Menominee, Oglala Dakota, Quinailt, Hupa, and Mohave, in a study of tuberculosis among them. In 1909, he traveled to Egypt with an expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in order to study living Egyptians and to examine remains of Egypt's past population. The following year took him to Argentina, Peru, and Mexico. In the first of these, he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley.

From 1912-1914, Hrdlicka undertook a physical anthropological exhibit for the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego and, for this, traveled to eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Peru, and Florida. He also examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed field work of other anthropologists in South and East Africa, St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, the Philippines, eastern Siberia, and the Ukraine. In 1915, for the Department of Justice, he assessed the racial makeup of Chippewas on the Leech Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota and also studied Dakota Indians. In 1917, his field work was directed toward white American families with longtime residence in the United States. In 1918, he carried out a survey of ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1920, he traveled to Hawaii, Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in connection with an appointment to lecture at the Peking Union Medical College. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. In 1925, he carried out work in India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, South Africa, and Europe. In 1927, he was again in Europe to deliver the Huxley Memorial Lecture before the Royal Anthropological Society in Great Britain. Between 1929 and 1938, he traveled frequently to Alaska to carry on an anthropological survey. In 1939, he traveled to Russia and Siberia.

Beginning with much of the skeletal collection of the Army Medical Museum, which had been transferred to the Smithsonian in 1898 before he was appointed there, Hrdlička amassed a bone collection that included, among many other specimens, the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. Over three hundred publications resulted from his study of this material, his field work, and his study of specimens in other museums. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from examinations of human remains for law enforcement officials to providing information and opinions concerning national origins and traits that were needed to interpret laws and form foreign policy. During World War II, he also advised government officials on policies to be pursued with certain national groups following the war.

In 1918, Hrdlička founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and remained its editor until 1942. In 1928, he was the major force behind the organization of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and served as its president from 1928 to 1932. He was also president of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1907, the American Anthroplogical Association from 1925 to 1927, and the Washington Academy of Sciences from 1928 to 1929. He was chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1918 and secretary of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council in 1917. From the 1920s to the 1940s Hrdlicka was a member of the American Eugenics Society and prepared exhibits for various eugenics congresses. In addition, Hrdlička was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists.

Chronology

1869 March 29 -- Alois Ferdinand Hrdlička (Aleš Hrdlička) born in Humpolec, Bohemia

1882 September -- Emigrated to New York City

1888 -- While stricken with typhoid, met M. Rosenbleuth, a physician who arranged for Hrdlička to enroll at the Eclectic Medical College of New York City

1892 -- Enrolled in the New York Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital Published first article, "Scheme of Examination (Medical)," Publications of the Eclectic Medical College Graduated first in his class from the Eclectic Medical College

1894 -- Graduated first from his class from the Homeopathic Medical College Became research intern at the State Homeopathic Hospital for the Insane in Middletown, New York, where he began his studies in physical anthropology Passed state board examination (allopathic)

1895 -- Joined staff of the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals as associate in anthropology

1896 -- Studied anthropology under Leon Manouvrier in Paris

1896 August 6 -- Married Marie Stickler (Dieudonnée)

1898 March-July(?) -- Accompanied Carl Lumholtz on his expedition to northern Mexico, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and visited the Tarahumara, Huichol, and Tepecan Indians

1899 Spring -- Resigned from the Pathological Institute to take charge of physical and medical anthropological research on the Hyde Expeditions of the AMNH to the southwestern United States

1899 August -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to excavate the site of Pueblo Bonito and to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; visited Grand Gulch caves in southern Utah; included visits to the Navahos and southern Utes

1900 -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; included visits to the Apaches, Yumas, and Pueblo Indians

1902 January-September -- Hyde expeditions for AMNH to southwestern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico to conduct somatological surveys; included visits to the Tepecanos, Papagos, Opatas, Pimas, Yaquis, Mayos, Huichols, Otomis, Tepehuanes, Maricopas, Yumas, Yavapais, Paiutes, Walapais, and Havasupais

1902 October-December -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Mexico for Hrdlička to complete his somatological investigations; included visits to the Tepehuanes, Coras, Huichols, "Nahuas," "Aztecs," and Tarascans

1903 May 1 -- Became assistant curator in charge of the new Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution

1905 -- Expedition under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology to Arizona and New Mexico to complete the observations on the tribes of this region; Hrdlička especially studied Apache and Pima Indian children

1906 February -- Expedition to western Florida to investigate remains of alleged ancient man

1907 -- President of the Anthropological Society of Washington

1908 -- Expedition to Indian schools and reservations in Wisconsin, Washington, California, Arizona, and South Dakota to study tuberculosis for a report to the International Congress of Tuberculosis

1908 December - 1909 May -- Traveled to Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Bohemia, Russia, Poland, and Germany to examine human skeletal remains from an excavation in Egypt by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and to study peoples of the Near East

1910 March 28 -- Promoted to curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology

1910 April-September -- Attended the 17th International Congress of Americanists in Buenos Aires and Mexico City Traveled to Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, and Panama

1912 -- Planned and directed seven expeditions for the physical anthropology exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition held at San Diego in 1915; expeditions included Hrdlička to Siberia and Mongolia and later to Peru; Riley D. Moore to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; Philip Newton to the Philippine Islands; Vojtech Suk to Africa; Stanislaw Poniatowski to eastern Siberia; Kazimir Stolyhwo to the Birusa caves in Siberia and to the Ukraine; and Jindřich Matiegka to Bohemia

1912 May-Summer -- Traveled to London to attend 18th International Congress of Americanists Traveled to Siberia and Mongolia for the Panama-California Exposition

1912 September -- Traveled to Geneva for the 14th International Congress of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology

1913 January-April -- Expedition to Peru as part the effort for the Panama-California Exposition

1914 November 18 - 1915 January 18 -- Attended Panama-California Exposition

1915 May -- Research for the Department of Justice at the White Earth and Leech Lake reservations in Minnesota to determine non-Indian mixture among Chippewas

1915 December -- Served as General Secretary for the 19th International Congress of Americanists held in Washington

1916 Fall -- Traveled to Florida to examine remains of supposed ancient man

1917 March-July -- Served as Secretary on the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council

1917 Summer -- "Old American" research at Yale University, Harvard University, and the University of Virginia and in Tennessee

1917 August -- Sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, traveled to Oklahoma to visit the Shawnee Agency in eastern Oklahoma and the Kickapoo Indians in McCloud to search for adequate samples of pure blood Indians

1918 -- Elected to the American Philosophical Society Served as Chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and became its long-time editor Surveyed prehistoric sites on the southwest coast of Florida

1918 October 8 -- Death of his wife Marie

1920 -- Anthropometry published by the Wistar Institute Elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1920 Summer -- Married Mina (Vilemina) Mansfield

1920 January-May -- Visited Japan, Korea, Manchuria, northern China, Mongolia, and Hawaii Lectured at Peking Union Medical College in China

1920 Fall -- Visited Minnesota Chippewa (at the White Earth Reservation?) to help the Department of Justice setter the question of mixed and pure bloods among the Chippewa

1921 -- Elected to the National Academy of Sciences

1922 -- Visited Spain, France, Germany, Moravia, and England Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from the University of Prague Chairman of the American delegation to the 20th International Congress of Americanists in Rio de Janiero

1923 -- Served three and one-half months as Director of the American School in France for Prehistoric Studies Visited England, Holland, Belgium, France, Germany, Bohemia, Austria, Croatia, and Italy

1925 -- The Old Americans published by Williams and Wilkins Co.

1925 March-October -- Traveled to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe on a trip sponsored by the Buffalo [New York] Society of Natural Science to obtain cranial measurements of Australian aborigines and Tasmanians, to investigate the Rhodesian Man site in South Africa, to survey the field of early man, and to collect data to support his hypothesis about the peopling of the Earth

1925-1926 -- President of the American Anthropological Association

1926 -- Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from University of Brno and D.Nat.Sc. degree from Brunn University

1926 May-September -- First fieldwork in Alaska: reconnaissance down the Yukon River to its mouth, around the Bering Sea and through the Bering Strait along the Alaskan coast to Point Barrow

1927 -- Received Huxley Memorial Medal and gave Huxley Lecture on "the Neanderthal Phase of Man" before the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1928 -- Helped found the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA)

1928-1929 -- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences

1928-1932 -- Served as first president of the AAPA

1929 -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Yukon River from Tanana to its mouth, to St. Lawrence and the Diomede Islands, to Cape Prince of Wales, up to Point Barrow and back to Unalaska Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from Charles University, Prague

1930 -- Published The Skeletal Remains of Early Man, Vol. 83 Smithsonian Miscellaneous collections Published "Anthropological Survey in Alaska," Forty-sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 21-374

1930 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Kuskokwim River from Bethel down river to Apogak and up river to Stony River

1931 -- Children Who Run on All Fours published by McGraw-Hill Book Co.

1931 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1932 -- Kober Foundation lecturer of Georgetown University

1932 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1934 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed Cooks Inlet sites and the mainland opposite the Our Point site

1935 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site

1936 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed the Dutch Harbor caves, some of the Aleutian Islands, and the mummy cave on Kagamil Island

1937 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands and Commander Islands

1938 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands, Dutch Harbor caves, and Commander Islands

1939 April 4 -- Testimonial dinner given by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in honor of his 70th birthday

1939 April-June -- Recuperated in London hospital after suffering a coronary occlusion

1942 March 31 -- Retired from curatorship at United States National Museum, becoming an associate in anthropology

1942 December -- Resigned as editor of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology

1943 -- Alaska Diary published by Cattell Press

1943 September 5 -- Died of heart attack

1944 -- Anthropology of Kodiak Island published by Wistar Institute

1945 -- The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants published by Wistar Institute

1969 -- Tenth Anthropological Congress of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences dedicated to Hrdlička in the 100th anniversary year of his birth

Selected Bibliography

1908 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Bulletin 34, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908.

1912 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Early Man in South America. Bulletin 52, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912.

1919 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physical Anthropology: Its Scope and Aims. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1919.

1920 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropometry. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1920.

1925 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Old Americans. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1925.

1930 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Skeletal Remains of Early Man. Vol. 83, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. City of Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1930. Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropological Survey in Alaska. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930.

1931 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Children Who Run on All Fours, and Other Animal-like Behaviors in the Human Child. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1931.

1943 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Alaska Diary, 1926-1931. Lancaster, PA: The Jacques Cattell Press, 1943.

1944 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropology of Kodiak Island. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1944.

1945 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945.

Related Materials:

Additional material in the National Anthropological Archives relating to Aleš Hrdlička can be found in the papers of William Louis Abbott, Henry Bascom Collins, Herbert William Krieger, and Frank Spencer; records of the American Anthropological Association, Bureau of American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Science Service, Anthropological Society of Washington, and the United States Army Medical Museum (anatomical section, records relating to specimens transferred to the Smithsonian Institution); and glass negatives of Indians collected by the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution illustrations.

Additional related photographs can be found in Photo Lot 8, Division of Physical Anthropology collection; Photo Lot 9, Photographs of Indians for the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego; Photo Lot 24, Bureau of American Ethnology, United States National Museum photographs of American Indians; Photo Lot 70, Department of Anthropology portrait file; Photo Lot 78, Miscellaneous negatives; Photo Lot 97, Division of Ethnology collection ("USNM" Collection); Photo Lot 73-26B, Aleš Hrdlička photographs relating to the Panama-California Exhibition; Photo Lot 73-26G, Miscellany; Photo Lot 77-48, Group portraits of International Congress; Photo Lot 79-38, Division of World Archeology collection; Photo Lot 83-41, Division of Physical Anthropology collection of photographs of human bones; and Photo Lot 92-46, Anthropology lantern slides.

Related films can be found in the Human Studies Film Archive under the accession numbers HSFA 1982.2.1, 1982.2.2, 1986.12.1, and 2015.13.1.

Hrdlička's extensive collection of reprints is maintained in the Division of Physical Anthropology.

Frank Spencer's doctoral dissertation "Aleš Hrdlička, M.D., 1869-1943: A Chronicle of the Life and Work of an American Physical Anthropologist" (1979) is the only book length biography of Hrdlička. The Frank Spencer papers, 1836-1999, are available at the NAA and contain original correspondence between Hrdlička and his first wife, Marie Strickler; his childhood report card from 1869; copies of family photos obtained from Lucy Miller, Hrdlička's niece; and an audio recording of Hrdlička speaking at Wistar Institute.

Further material may be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

The University of Alaska Anchorage holds diaries relating to Hrdlička's Expeditions to Alaska in 1936, 1937, and 1938 in the Alan G. May papers. The finding aid for this collection is avialable online at https://archives.consortiumlibrary.org/collections/specialcollections/hmc-0690/ and a trascription of May's diaries from the expeditions is available online at https://scholarworks.alaska.edu/handle/11122/11850

Provenance:

Hrdlička bequeathed his papers to the Smithsonian Institution. The Division of Physical Anthropology maintained them until they were deposited in the National Anthropological Archives in the 1960s. Some papers have come into the collection since then, most recently in 2018. These new accretions came to the collection through Donald Ortner, David Hunt, T. Dale Stewart, the Department of Anthropology, and the University of Alaska.

Restrictions:

The Aleš Hrdlička papers are open for research.

Access to the Aleš Hrdlička papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Human evolution  Search this

Physical anthropology  Search this

Children -- Physical anthropology  Search this

anthropometry  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Fossil hominids  Search this

Citation:

Aleš Hrdlička papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

The Repatriation Office, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, provided funds for the arrangement and description of the Aleš Hrdlička papers

Identifier:

NAA.1974-31

See more items in:

Aleš Hrdlička papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1974-31

Culture/People:

Pamunkey  Search this

Collector:

Dr. Frank G. Speck (Frank Gouldsmith Speck/F.G. Speck/FGS), Non-Indian, 1881-1950  Search this

Object Name:

Trap

Media/Materials:

Wood

Techniques:

Wrapped, tied

Object Type:

Hunting/Fishing/Warfare

Place:

Virginia; USA

Catalog Number:

14/9062

Barcode:

149062.000

See related items:

Pamunkey

Hunting/Fishing/Warfare

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6efa01932-69d4-4b5f-a026-29f2e912fdee

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_159753

Creator:

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Collection Creator:

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Greenwood, Walter B.  Search this

Hill, Ernest H. Jr  Search this

Kyte, Dorothy  Search this

Leonard, Jane  Search this

Morgan, Dorothy  Search this

Smith, George Hubert  Search this

Stern, Theodore, 1917-  Search this

Stewart, T. D. (Thomas Dale), 1901-1997  Search this

United States. Federal Civil Works Administration  Search this

Collection Correspondent:

Allyn, Harriet M.  Search this

Antevs, Ernst V.  Search this

Baker, Frank C.  Search this

Chaney, Ralph W.  Search this

Eiseley, Loren C., 1907-1977  Search this

Figgins, J.D.  Search this

Gazin, C. Lewis (Charles Lewis), 1904-1996  Search this

Guthe, Carl E. (Carl Eugen), 1893-1974  Search this

Hall, Marion  Search this

Harcus, John  Search this

Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter), 1904-1992  Search this

Hitchcock, Virginia Beth  Search this

Hooton, Earnest Albert, 1887-1954  Search this

Howard, Edgar B.  Search this

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Judson, Sheldon  Search this

Kellogg, A. Remington  Search this

Krieger, Alex D. (Alex Dony), 1911-1991  Search this

Leonard, Jane  Search this

McCarty, Oscar  Search this

Miller, Carl F.  Search this

Moomaw, Jack C.  Search this

Ray, Cyrus N.  Search this

Reiter, Paul David  Search this

Richards, Horace G.  Search this

Shapiro, Harry L. (Harry Lionel), 1902-1990  Search this

Shepard, Anna O.  Search this

Van Devanter, D.W.  Search this

Van Riet, Clarence  Search this

Wheat, Joe Ben  Search this

Woodbury, George  Search this

Collection Author:

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Anderson, Jack C.  Search this

Baby, Raymond S.  Search this

Atkins, Ruth  Search this

Deacon, John C.  Search this

Extent:

1 Photograph (003 in x 005 in)

Culture:

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Scope and Contents:

Eight men standing in western dress, six with type of headdress, not feathers, two with western hats. One holding what looks like a bow. Village of the Great Kivas, New Mexico.

Local Numbers:

NAA INV 10000220

NAA MS 4851

OPPS NEG 79-11638

Local Note:

Black and white photoprint

Place:

New Mexico Zuni Pueblo

Forms part of:

Frank Harold Hanna Roberts Colln Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives

Collection Restrictions:

The photographic negatives are in special storage and require advance notice to view.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Collection Citation:

MS 4851, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

MS 4851 Frank Harold Hanna Roberts, Jr., papers and photographs

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms4851-ref1

Creator:

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Collection Creator:

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Greenwood, Walter B.  Search this

Hill, Ernest H. Jr  Search this

Kyte, Dorothy  Search this

Leonard, Jane  Search this

Morgan, Dorothy  Search this

Smith, George Hubert  Search this

Stern, Theodore, 1917-  Search this

Stewart, T. D. (Thomas Dale), 1901-1997  Search this

United States. Federal Civil Works Administration  Search this

Collection Correspondent:

Allyn, Harriet M.  Search this

Antevs, Ernst V.  Search this

Baker, Frank C.  Search this

Chaney, Ralph W.  Search this

Eiseley, Loren C., 1907-1977  Search this

Figgins, J.D.  Search this

Gazin, C. Lewis (Charles Lewis), 1904-1996  Search this

Guthe, Carl E. (Carl Eugen), 1893-1974  Search this

Hall, Marion  Search this

Harcus, John  Search this

Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter), 1904-1992  Search this

Hitchcock, Virginia Beth  Search this

Hooton, Earnest Albert, 1887-1954  Search this

Howard, Edgar B.  Search this

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Judson, Sheldon  Search this

Kellogg, A. Remington  Search this

Krieger, Alex D. (Alex Dony), 1911-1991  Search this

Leonard, Jane  Search this

McCarty, Oscar  Search this

Miller, Carl F.  Search this

Moomaw, Jack C.  Search this

Ray, Cyrus N.  Search this

Reiter, Paul David  Search this

Richards, Horace G.  Search this

Shapiro, Harry L. (Harry Lionel), 1902-1990  Search this

Shepard, Anna O.  Search this

Van Devanter, D.W.  Search this

Van Riet, Clarence  Search this

Wheat, Joe Ben  Search this

Woodbury, George  Search this

Collection Author:

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Anderson, Jack C.  Search this

Baby, Raymond S.  Search this

Atkins, Ruth  Search this

Deacon, John C.  Search this

Extent:

1 Photograph (003 in x 005 in)

Culture:

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southwest, New  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Scope and Contents:

Pictographs of animals and other items on rock. To the left are the words "Bob Hudson"; to the right is a feathered headdress. Village of the Great Kivas, New Mexico.

Local Numbers:

NAA INV 10000221

NAA MS 4851

OPPS NEG 79-11643

Local Note:

Black and white photoprint

Place:

New Mexico Zuni Pueblo

Forms part of:

Frank Harold Hanna Roberts Colln Smithsonian Institution National Anthropological Archives

Collection Restrictions:

The photographic negatives are in special storage and require advance notice to view.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Collection Citation:

MS 4851, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

MS 4851 Frank Harold Hanna Roberts, Jr., papers and photographs

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-ms4851-ref2

Creator:

Mallery, Garrick, 1831-1894  Search this

Extent:

41.29 Linear feet (22 boxes, 29 folders, 3 mounted drawings, and 3 rolled items)

Note:

Some materials, especially in series 3, are stored in the NAA artwork collection.

Culture:

Arctic peoples  Search this

Indians of North America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Pictographs

Place:

Oceania

Date:

1849-1902

bulk 1870-1895

Summary:

Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) was an ethnologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology who focused primarily on Native American sign language and pictography. This collection reflects Mallery's research interests and methods. Much of the collection is comprised of correspondence and notes relating to sign language and pictography and is organized chiefly by either the cultural or geographic region to which the material belongs. Bound volumes of several of his publications are included, along with annotated draft copies from collaborators. In the case of Mallery's work on pictography, the collection includes several oversize items including original works and reproductions.

Scope and Contents:

This collection contains Garrick Mallery's research and writings as a BAE ethnologist and is largely comprised of correspondence and preparatory materials for publications on Native American sign language and pictography. The geographic scope of the material is chiefly the present-day United States and Canada, though other areas of the world are represented less comprehensively. Correspondence and research notes include verbal descriptions of signs, sometimes with illustrations included. Bound volumes of Mallery's publications are included, along with annotations from collaborators. In addition, this collection includes notecards, drawings, illustrations, photographs, articles, and art objects. Art objects (mostly oversize) deal chiefly with Dakota winter counts and other artifacts.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into 3 series: 1) Research Notes, undated; 2) Materials on Sign Language, 1843-1849, 1873-1894; 3) Materials on Pictographs and Petroglyphs, 1849-1902, undated

Biographical Note:

Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and practiced law in Philadelphia from 1853 until the outbreak of the American Civil War. While serving in the army, he became interested in Native American sign language and pictography, perhaps while performing his duties in frontier areas. After retiring from the military in 1879, Mallery was appointed to the newly created Bureau of American Ethnology as one of its first ethnologists. In his work with the Bureau, Mallery pioneered the study of sign language and pictographs, examining them as a universal human phenomenon with a direct link to spoken language.

In his work, Mallery collected and examined sign language vocabulary from Native American groups throughout the U.S. and Canada and regularly solicited contributions from collaborators. He also related his findings to examples from the wider world, comparing the formation of Native American signs to those in other areas by hearing individuals and by the deaf. Mallery completed several publications on the topic throughout the 1880s, notably Introduction to the Study of Sign language Among the North American Indians (1880), A Collection of Gesture- Signs and Signals of the North American Indians (1880), and "Sign-language among North American Indians Compared with that Among other People and Deaf-mutes," which appeared in the BAE 1st Annual Report (1881).

While most widely known for his work with sign language, Mallery also undertook extensive research into Native American pictography. Like his work with sign language, he both conducted original research and solicited assistance from collaborators. He was especially interested in the representational images in Dakota winter counts and petroglyphs in the United States and throughout the world.

Sources Consulted

Fletcher, Robert. "Garrick Mallery, President of the Philosophical Society of Washington, in 1888." In Brief Memoirs of Colonel Garrick Mallery, U.S.A., Who Died October 24, 1894, 3-8. Washington: Judd & Detweiler, 1895.

Fletcher, Robert. "Colonel Garrick Mallery, U.S.A." American Anthropologist 8, no. 2 (1895): 79-80.

Chronology

1831 -- Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on April 25

1850 -- Graduates Yale College

1853 -- Earns LL. B. from the University of Pennsylvania Admitted to the Pennsylvania bar

1853-1861 -- Practices law in Philadelphia

1861 -- Enters the volunteer army of the United States

1862 -- Severely wounded in the battle of Peach Orchard, Virginia Captured and held prisoner at Libby prison in Richmond, Virginia

1866 -- Completes service with volunteer army of the United States Accepts commission in regular army of the United States

1870 -- Marries Helen W. Wyckoff

1879 -- Retires from the United States army due to disability Appointed to the Bureau of American Ethnology

1880 -- Publishes Introduction to the Study of Sign-Language Among the North American Indians as Illustrating the Gesture-Speech of Mankind and A Collection of Gesture-Signs and Signals of the North American Indians With Some Comparisons

1881 -- Publishes "Sign Language Among North American Indians, Compared with that Among Other Peoples and Deaf-Mutes"

1894 -- Dies after a short illness in Washington, D.C., on October 24

Related Materials:

See MS 2322 A collection of gesture-signs and signals of the North American Indians for more of Garrick Mallery's work on sign language.

Provenance:

MS 2372 was transferred from the Bureau of Ethnology Archives to the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives with the merger of the BAE and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965. The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives was renamed the National Anthropological Archives in 1968.

Restrictions:

Manuscript 2372 is open for research.

Access to Manuscript 2372 requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Sign language  Search this

Picture-writing  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Anthropology  Search this

Genre/Form:

Pictographs

Citation:

Manuscript 2372, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS2372

See more items in:

MS 2372 Garrick Mallery Collection on Sign Language and Pictography

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms2372