Search Results

Creator:

Bishop, Carl Whiting, 1881-1942  Search this

Names:

Bishop, Carl Whiting, 1881-1942  Search this

Tung, Kuang-zung.  Search this

Warner, Langdon (1881-1955)  Search this

Wenley, A. G. (Archibald Gibson), 1898-1962  Search this

Extent:

20 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Negatives

Photographic prints

Manuscript

Place:

China

Date:

1923-1934

Summary:

An associate curator and associate in archaeology at the Freer Gallery of Art from 1922 to 1942, the collection of Carl Whiting Bishop (1881-1942) document his Gallery-sponsored travels to China from 1923 to 1934 and include an unpublished manuscript describing his archaeological research in China; line drawings; rubbings; maps; note cards; and nearly 4,000 glass and film negatives with corresponding original silver prints. These document his expeditions in northern and central China, illustrating archaeological sites in Henan, Shanxi, and Hebei provinces. Specific digs include the large neolithic site at Wanquan, Shanxi, and sixth century C.E. tombs near Fenyin. Additional images show Chinese cityscapes, daily life and customs, topography, temples, pagodas, caves, and sculpture.

Scope and Contents:

The professional papers and official records of Carl Whiting Bishop include his unpublished two-volume manuscript, [not before 1940]; and photographs, nearly 4,000 images, 1915-1934; and undated. These materials document over a twenty-five year period in the course of Bishop's research and archaeological activities. They were retained at the Freer Gallery of Art after Bishop's death in 1942, and were supplemented with an addition received in 1956 from his widow Daisy Furscott Bishop.

The manuscript was prepared in a typescript format, over 421 pages of text, with photographic illustrations, and completed by Bishop sometime after 1939. Properly titled Archaeological Research in China 1923-1934, this unpublished manuscript constituted a field report that chronicled Bishop's Gallery-sponsored expeditions in northern and central China during the period 1923 to 1934. The reader is provided with a record of the day-to-day operations completed, of obstacles and opposition encountered, and the results obtained from their work. Key diplomatic and scientific representatives from the West and China are recorded who aided and contributed to the investigations. Moreover, there are descriptions of the academic, social and political climate in China during a period of civil war and economic strife. Against this background, Bishop also discussed their efforts in view of the history of China, with commentary on the country's geography, topography, climate, flora and fauna, mineral products, and ancient customs and legends.

The earliest still photographic prints in the Bishop Papers date from his employ at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, where he conducted archaeological reconnaissance from 1915 to 1918 in China, Korea, and Japan. All subsequent images were created or collected by Bishop and his assistant Kuang-zung Tung during the Freer Gallery-sponsored expeditions of 1923-1934. Further descriptions of these materials may be found under Series 2 and Series 3 in this finding aid.

In the transliteration into English of the names of Chinese characters, Bishop followed the Wade-Giles system, with a few exceptions to those rules for certain well known and commonly used place-names, especially those of cities, towns, territorial divisions, and bodies of water. We have retained Bishop's romanization except in certain areas where clarification was needed. The Chinese personal and place-names have been kept as they appeared in his captions.

Arrangement:

Series 1: Manuscript/Writings 1915-1934 and undated

Series 2: Photography Prints

Series 3: Negatives

Series 4: Drawings, Rubbings, and Maps

Biographical / Historical:

Carl Whiting Bishop (1881-1942) was an archaeologist, anthropologist, and specialist in the field of East Asian studies. Born in Tokyo, Japan, on July 12, 1881, he was the son of a Methodist missionary, the Reverend Charles Bishop. Except for a twelve-month residence in the United States during 1889-90, Bishop spent the first sixteen years of his life in Japan, before returning to this country in 1898 for college preparatory work at Northwestern Academy, Evanston, Illinois. He studied at Hampden-Sydney College and in 1912 received an A.B. degree from DePauw University. In 1913 he was awarded the degree of Master of Arts by the Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, where he studied with the noted German anthropologist, Franz Boas (1858-1942). That same year he received his first scientific appointment as a member of the Peabody Museum Expedition to Central America.

From 1914-18 Bishop served as Assistant Curator in Oriental Art at the University of Pennsylvania Museum, where on an expedition for that museum he made his first trip to China. Under the auspices of the university, he conducted archaeological reconnaissance during 1915 and 1916 in China, Korea, and Japan, and again conducted archaeological surveys in 1917 and 1918, although no systematic excavations were carried out at that time. When the United States entered World War I on the side of the Allied Powers, Bishop enlisted in the United States Navy and was made assistant naval attaché, serving in China in the years 1918-20, with the rank of lieutenant, junior grade. He returned to Columbia University in 1921 to assume the position of Assistant in Anthropology, a post he held until the end of the academic season in 1922.

Effective 10 April 1922, Bishop was appointed as Associate Curator of the Freer Gallery of Art by then director John Ellerton Lodge (1878-1942). Asked to undertake important archaeological work, Bishop headed the gallery's first expedition to China, sponsored jointly by the FGA and the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, lasting from 20 February 1923 to 6 August 1927. From 16 November 1929 to 11 April 1934, he headed another expedition, sent out this time by the Freer Gallery alone. When conditions in China made further efforts impractical, Bishop returned to Washington in 1934, where he remained at the gallery as Associate in Archaeology until the time of his death on 16 June 1942.

Carl Whiting Bishop was a member of a number of learned societies: the American Oriental Society, the American Archaeological Society, the Anthropological Society, the American Society for the Advancement of Science, the American Geographical Society, and he served on the advisory board of the American Council of Learned Societies until his death.

1881, July 12 -- Born in Tokyo, Japan

1898 -- Attends Northwestern Academy in Evanston, Illinois for college preparatory work Attends Hampden-Sydney College

1912 -- Receives A.B. degree from DePauw University

1913 -- Receives Master of Arts from Department of Anthropology from Columbia University, where he studied with Franz Boas

1914 -- Begins serving as Assistant Curator in Oriental Art at the University of Pennsylvania Museum

1915-1918 -- Makes several archaeological survey trips to China, Korea and Japan

1918-1920 -- Enlists in the U.S. Navy, serving as assistant naval attaché in China

1921 -- Serves as Assistant Professor in Anthropology at Columbia University

1922, April 10 -- Becomes Associate Curator of the Freer Gallery of Art

1923-1927 -- Heads the Freer Gallery's first expedition to China, co-sponsored by the Boston Museum of Fine Arts

1929-1934 -- Heads the second Freer-sponsored expedition to China

1934 -- Returns to US and serves as Associate in Archaeology at the Freer Gallery of Art

1942, June 16 -- Dies.

Related Materials:

Additional Bishop material may be found in the following collections also found in the the Archives of the Freer Gallery of Art and the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery:

Li Chi Reports, 1926-1929, regarding Li's reconnaissance work at Shi-yin Ts'un, Shansi Province, and the excavation at Anyang.

Archibald Gibson Wenley Papers, 1924-1926, including field diaries, notes, and photographs documenting his participation in the FGA expedition work in China.

Charles Lang Freer Papers, including 1915 correspondence between Freer and Bishop; newspaper clippings related to Bishop, and documents dated 1912-1913, relating to Freer's support for a proposed American School of Archeology in China.

A number of objects from the FGA expeditions, including bronzes, ceramics, and stone sculpture, have been accessioned into the permanent art collection of the Freer Gallery of Art. Additionally, remnants of antiquities, potteries, and metalwork accumulated during the field work, have been placed in the Freer Gallery Study Collection. Records for these items are retained with the Galleries' Registrar's Office.

Additional Bishop material may be found in the Smithsonian Institutional Archives:

Expedition Records, including correspondence of Carl Whiting Bishop, 1914; 1923-1942, nearly 3,000 letters arranged alphabetically by correspondent name; a manuscript catalogue of expedition acquisitions, Peking, 1923-1925; financial records, 1923-1934, including expedition fund ledgers, account statements, and receipts; and newspaper clippings, 1924-1932, documenting the gallery's field work and general archaeological work being conducted around the world at that time.

Smithsonian Institutional Archives, Central Files, Bishop folders, 1923-1942, including expedition letters, field reports, and photographs sent to John E. Lodge.

Personnel and Special Events Photograph Collection, containing portrait photographs of Bishop.

Additional Bishop matieral may be found in the University of Pennsylvania Museum Archives, Philadelphia:

Documentation of University of Pennsylvania Museum-sponsored field work in East Asia may be found there that includes records of C.W. Bishop, dated 1914-1927 (measuring about .5 linear foot), much of it created during his tenure as the Museum's Assistant Curator of Oriental Art from 1914-1918. Included are Bishop's journals consisting of daily entries for two trips to China for the University of Pennsylvania Museum; letters to and from G.B. Gordon, C.W. Harrison, and Jane McHugh, written during Bishop's travel in China and subsequent to his return; and detailed financial accounts of expenditures during the China travels. Additionally, the repository houses a group of Bishop's negatives taken in China to visually record the expedition work.

Provenance:

Gift of Carl Whiting Bishop.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Permission to reproduce and publish an item from the Archives is coordinated through the Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery's Rights and Reproductions department. Please contact the Archives in order to initiate this process.

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Archaeological expeditions  Search this

Archaeology -- China  Search this

Photography -- China  Search this

Genre/Form:

Negatives

Photographic prints

Manuscript

Citation:

The Carl Whiting Bishop Collection. FSA.A.02. Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives.

Identifier:

FSA.A.02

See more items in:

Carl Whiting Bishop Collection

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc31125ea37-fbdf-4cd0-b413-1b022a34356b

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-fsa-a-02

Creator:

Human Studies Film Archives  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-10-29T14:44:57.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Anthropology  Search this

See more by:

HSFAFilmClips

Data Source:

Human Studies Film Archives

YouTube Channel:

HSFAFilmClips

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_zJtbmCZ-TtY

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2012-10-24T13:46:40.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_uPhMN5b8tSM

Author:

Sobolik, Kristin D (Kristin Dee)  Search this

Visiting Scholar Conference (9th : 1992 : Southern Illinois University at Carbondale)  Search this

Physical description:

xviii, 321 p. : ill., maps ; 26 cm

Type:

Congresses

Place:

America

Date:

1994

C1994

Topic:

Indians of North America--Nutrition  Search this

Indians--Nutrition  Search this

Prehistoric peoples--Food  Search this

Animal remains (Archaeology)  Search this

Plant remains (Archaeology)  Search this

Archaeology--Methodology  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_476210

Collector:

Mr. Gerard Fowke  Search this

Donor Name:

Bureau Of American Ethnology  Search this

Site Name:

Cobden Quarry  Search this

Object Type:

Nodule

Place:

Union County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1905

Collection Date:

1904

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

043826

USNM Number:

A233401-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3983dc617-484d-4291-88f7-2bffcb4e779a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8059481

Donor Name:

William B. Marye  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Tioga, Hancock County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

13 Jun 1936

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

139698

USNM Number:

A377908-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/31f5dc49d-dc04-4aef-920f-fa0dec1c63ab

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8121361

Donor Name:

William B. Marye  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Warsaw, Hancock County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

13 Jun 1936

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

139698

USNM Number:

A377910-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3dae51527-a02b-4253-bd3a-0330acf8e23e

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8121363

Collector:

Horace J. Holland  Search this

Donor Name:

Horace J. Holland  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Adams County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

8 Aug 1966

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

268268

USNM Number:

A448414-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3561f8e23-9511-4ea7-9fb3-aea90f169e7a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8200455

Collector:

Horace J. Holland  Search this

Donor Name:

Horace J. Holland  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Adams County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

8 Aug 1966

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

268268

USNM Number:

A448415-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3d379e172-d6f2-42ec-8fda-389e331ba57a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8200456

Donor Name:

Randy Best  Search this

Length - Object:

70 mm

Maximum Width - Object:

30 mm

Culture:

Paleoindian  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Adams County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

26 Sep 2002

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

420733

USNM Number:

A614567-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3853e2733-2010-49f8-8021-f667368b35dd

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_16826673

Donor Name:

Randy Best  Search this

Length - Object:

136 mm

Maximum Width - Object:

39 mm

Culture:

Paleoindian  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Adams County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

26 Sep 2002

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

420733

USNM Number:

A614568-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/303e7a4c4-447a-4308-9245-e9d6668f0fa0

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_16826674

Donor Name:

Randy Best  Search this

Length - Object:

140 mm

Maximum Width - Object:

26 mm

Culture:

Paleoindian  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Greene County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

26 Sep 2002

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

420733

USNM Number:

A614569-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/367fdd8ac-fe7c-48e7-90c9-07b92c0743f7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_16826676

Collector:

Dr. Charles Rau  Search this

Donor Name:

Dr. Charles Rau  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

10 Dec 1887

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

019931

USNM Number:

A137656-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/33e4aeb67-a616-4e4f-9230-d7ed3150b03a

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8016833

Collector:

Dr. Charles Rau  Search this

Donor Name:

Dr. Charles Rau  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Freeburg, St. Clair County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

10 Dec 1887

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

019931

USNM Number:

A138316-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/37cde7374-4bd1-4592-94db-d0f13937d8d5

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8017578

Donor Name:

John Wiedmer  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Manito, Mason County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1913

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

055407

USNM Number:

A277798-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/37b521eb1-293a-466c-88d8-13790162f0bd

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8072449

Donor Name:

Department Of Anthropology  Search this

Culture:

Archaic  Search this

Object Type:

Bannerstone

Place:

Jersey County (not certain), Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1877

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

004906

USNM Number:

A30191-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3f2348327-8514-47de-8021-c14125781799

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8078143

Donor Name:

Mark Tandy  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Henderson County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1882

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

011660

USNM Number:

A60283-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3b4f73fba-4885-420f-9e01-f84bd6cf9b44

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8305293

Donor Name:

Mark Tandy  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Henderson County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1882

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

011660

USNM Number:

A60284-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3e2bfcbd7-3d4e-437e-b051-46627ab22494

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8305294

Donor Name:

Mark Tandy  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Henderson County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1882

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

011660

USNM Number:

A60285-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/303797c7a-dae1-4f8c-9ef7-aa294670e4ed

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8305295

Donor Name:

Mark Tandy  Search this

Culture:

Prehistoric  Search this

Object Type:

Point

Place:

Henderson County, Illinois, United States, North America

Accession Date:

1882

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

011660

USNM Number:

A60286-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3a12c2df9-cba5-4f58-a46a-fd78ba20ee98

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8305296