MS 1897-h List of "Miscellaneous Collections by James Mooney, under joint Bureau-Chicago Commission...1901...-1904," and of Heraldry Collections, Kiowa Models, 1901-1904
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Volumes
Ledger drawings
Date:
bulk ca. 1903-1904
Scope and Contents:
Notes and drawings by Native artists relating to heraldry, as Mooney termed tipi and shield designs. Also some myths and linguistic data from these and other Plains tribes. The manuscript is a compilation of materials created over a period of years, assembled under the current number by the BAE archivist. Bound volumes (since disbound for lamination) were placed under this manuscript number; loose notes and drawings on the same topics were primarily assembled under manuscript number 2538.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee and Kiowa. Among the Kiowa his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned illustrations of shield and tipi designs, as well as miniature shields and tipis. For additional biographic information on James Mooney see: Christopher Winters, General Editor, International Dictionary of Anthropologists, Garland Publishing, 1991. Neil M. Judd, The Bureau of American Ethnology - A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967. L.G. Moses, The Indian Man - A Biography of James Mooney, University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531
OPPS NEG 57,508-A---521-A
OPPS NEG 71-3046-A
OPPS NEG 71-3046
OPPS NEG 72-1801 CN-1818 CN
Local Note:
The John M. Seger Referred to in Vol VIII (and also in Mooney's peyote files) was a teacher of agricultural methods. Walter Campbell edited his autobiography, "Early Days among the Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians," Univ. of Okla. press. Genevieve Seger, his daughter, lives at Geary, Okla.; she may be a trustee of the Okla. Historical Soc. --Information from Althea Bass, here May 1959.
Mrs. J. H. Bass (Althea Bass) here May 6, 1959, thinks that the "Paul" referred to occasionally in Vols. III, IV, and V may be Paul Boynton, an interpreter who spoke both Cheyenne and Arapaho. His family still lives at El Reno. His father had something to do with the Agency. Paul Boynton is mentioned in one of the letters in Mooney corresponence for 1902-06 (Smithsonian Institution - Bureau of American Ethnology correspondence files.)
Date written on several pages by Mooney; almost certainly drawings done by same artist at same time and place as Ms. 2531, Vol. 10, identified by Mooney as "Drawn by Nakoim' eno = Bear Wings/alias Charles Murphy, Cheyenne Cantonment, Okla."
4 Linear feet (8 drawings : graphite, colored pencil, and ink ; 26 x 37 cm.-62 x 102 cm)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
circa 1904
Scope and Contents:
Drawings on large sheets of paper, now laminated. Seven are of Cheyenne battles and one of preparations for a Kiowa ceremony. The sheets are inscribed with various notations in the hand of James Mooney, identifying some individuals depicted and naming the place and date of the fight. The Kiowa drawing (08600900) has been attributed to Silver Horn (Haungooah) on the basis of style. The authorship of the Cheyenne drawings is not certain, but they appear to be by one hand. One drawing (08600300) is inscribed "Flying Out del March 1906," which may be the name of the artist. The date is confusing, as the materials were entered into the Anthropology catalog book in May 1905.
The Cheyenne images were preliminary drawings made in planning production of a painted hide tipi liner in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, cat. No. 96,808. Other drawings relating to the tipi liner are in Ms. 2538. The drawing of preparations for the Kiowa Medicine Lodge ceremony was a preliminary sketch for the hide painting now in the artifact collection, cat. No. E229,894.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee, Kiowa and Cheyenne. Among the Kiowa and Cheyenne, his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned many illustrations by native artists.
For additional biographic information on James Mooney see: Christopher Winters, General Editor, International Dictionary of Anthropologists, Garland Publishing, 1991; Neil M. Judd, The Bureau of American Ethnology - A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967; L.G. Moses, The Indian Man - A Biography of James Mooney, University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
Local Note:
Mooney's caption and Numbers appear on the originals. The significance of "Cheyenne Curtin" and "Elk River" prefaced to the Numbers is not yet determined. Notations on the originals that depict "Republican River" encounter refer to "Stone," probably source giving account of battle; not located. Possibly drawings were made later, from material that Mooney brought into the USNM in 1904. Or drawings possibly copied from Mooney's Cheyenne specimen collection at Field Columbian Museum, Chicago.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 233,124-130
Citation:
Manuscript 233,124-130, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
ca. 1904
Scope and Contents:
Drawings on large sheets of paper, now laminated. Seven are of Cheyenne battles and are evidently preliminary drawings made in planning production of a hide tipi liner now in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, cat. No. 96,808. Other drawings relating to the tipi liner are in Ms. 2538. One drawing of preparations for the Kiowa Medicine Lodge ceremony was evidently a preliminary sketch for the hide painting now in the artifact collection, cat. No. 229,894.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee, Kiowa and Cheyenne. Among the Kiowa and Cheyenne, his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned many illustrations by native artists. For additional biographic information on James Mooney see: Christopher Winters, General Editor, International Dictionary of Anthropologists, Garland Publishing, 1991; Neil M. Judd, The Bureau of American Ethnology - A Partial History, University of Oklahoma Press, 1967; L.G. Moses, The Indian Man - A Biography of James Mooney, University of Nebraska Press, 1984.
White Shield (nd) a.k.a. Young Black Bird White Shield, a Northern Cheyenne, was the son of Spotted Wolf and grandson of Whistling Elk. He fought side by side with his adopted brother Yellow Nose in the Rosebud fight. According to accounts of the battle, White Shield was fishing with his nephews when he heard the gunfire of Reno's attack on the south end of the village. He overtook Bobtail Horse and others who were the first to meet Custer in Custer fight. He was still living in 1908. Information obtained from "Cheyenne Participants in the Battle of Little Big Horn" http://www.montana.edu/wwwfpcc/tribes/cheyenne.html.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS.233,124-130
Local Note:
Mooney's caption and Numbers appear on the originals. The significance of "Cheyenne Curtin" and "Elk River" prefaced to the Numbers is not yet determined. Notations on the originals that depict "Republican River" encounter refer to "Stone," probably source giving account of battle; not located. Possibly drawings were made later, from material that Mooney brought into the USNM in 1904. Or drawings possibly copied from Mooney's Cheyenne specimen collection at Field Columbian Museum, Chicago.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1902-1906
Scope and Contents:
Pencil and crayon drawings intermixed with Manuscript notes by Mooney. Oversize drawings identified as Cheyenne, Cheyenne or Arapaho, Kiowa, Dakota and Comanche. Typed list of these, with annotations made by Father Peter J. Powell during visit to National Anthropological Archives is included with master list of drawings in N.A.A. Many of the oversize drawings were preliminary sketches for the Cheyenne tipi curtain now on exhibit at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois. Previously cataloged as "Kiowa and others." However, it was changed to the Cheyenne file after more complete identifications supplied by Karen D. Peterson and Father Powell showed that the majority of the drawings were Cheyenne.
Box I: Notes and drawings relating to men and horses in war paint, shields, tipis, shield tripods, lances and pennants. (Oklahoma) (March, 1902-April, 1906.) Pencil and crayon drawings intermixed with Manuscript notes by Mooney. 219 pages and slips (some with material on both sides.) List of owners of shields and tipis, in handwriting of unknown person, with Manuscript notes by both Karen D. Peterson and Father Peter J. Powell. (Washington, D.C.)(1968 ?-1971.) Manuscript document. 7 pages. According to list, 51 of the 80 owners have been identified as "Cheyenne" or "Cheyenne?"; 12 owners have been identified "Kiowa" or "Kiowa?"; 8 are unidentified; 3 each are Kiowa-Apache and Arapaho; and one each is Comanche, Crow and Ute.
The tipis are shown in finished drawings in Manuscript Number 2531, Volumes 9 and 10. The entire contents of boxes are discussed in detail in Manuscript Number 2531, volume 5; notations apparently refer to what pages in 2531, volume 5 discuss the subject of the drawing, e.g., the note "54-55a" on David Pendleton's shield. Drawings with notes have been separated by name of owner and filed alphabetically in sections on shields and tipis. Most of the drawings have Manuscript notes by Mooney as to owner, date, artist and place; for details see individual photo catalog cards to copy neg. nos. 72-1826 CN through 72-1926 CN, 72-1939 CN and and 72-1940 CN. A few drawings were also signed by the artists themselves. All the drawings which are dated, date between March, 1902 and April, 1906; the Administrative Reports of BAE-ARs for those years confirms Mooney's presence in Oklahoma from February 1902 until he left in April, 1906.
Box 2: Unidentified shield and tipi drawings. Many of the numbered pages are those cut by Mooney from his Kiowa volumes (Bureau of American Ethnology Manuscript Number 2531, Volumes 1-5). Oversize drawings: Tribes tentatively identified as Cheyenne, Cheyenne or Arapaho, Kiowa, Dakota, Comanche. 16 drawings. See typed list; copy filed with drawings, master copy inserted in Master copy of catalog of drawings, 11/71.
The collection consists of three (3) drawings. The drawings depict a warrior, Haba's war gear and tipi, and an enlarged view of Haba's shield. One drawing has been attributed to Silver Horn. The drawings appear to be associated with James Mooney's research on Kiowa shield and tipi designs.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Silver Horn, Haungooah in Kiowa, was born in 1860. His name also appears as Hugone, Hangun or Hawgon. He was a member of a prominent Kiowa family. His residential band, led by his father Agiati (Gathering Feathers), actively opposed the governments efforts to confine the Kiowa to a reservation. Members of his family participated in the Red River War of 1874-1875 and were among the last Kiowa to surrender to the military. In 1891, Silver Horn enlisted in Troop L of the 7th U.S. Cavalry. He served with Troop L, which was part of broader experiment involving the enlistment of all-Indian troops, until 1894. In 1901, Silver Horn secured employment with James Mooney, an ethnologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Mooney was interested in the designs on Kiowa shields and tipis and hired Silver Horn to produce illustrations of the designs and models of the shields and tipis. The project provided Silver Horn with steady work between 1902 and 1904 and occassional employment between 1904 and 1906. Silver Horn also produced illustrations for Hugh Scott, an army officer and avocational ethnologist. Silver Horn was active in the religious life of the Kiowa. He was a Tsaidetalyi bundle keeper and participated in the Sun Dance, Ghost Dance, and Peyote religion. He was also a member of the Ohoma society. Silverhorn died on December 14, 1940.
James Mooney (1861-1921) was a self-taught ethnologist. He was employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology from 1885 until his death. In this capacity, he worked extensively among the Cherokee and Kiowa. Among the Kiowa his studies focused on pictorial calendars, the peyote religion, and heraldry, the term he used to refer to the designs on shields and painted tipis. In the course of his study of Kiowa and Cheyenne heraldry, he commissioned illustrations of shield and tipi designs, as well as miniature shields and tipis.
Biographical note:
Haba was Silver Horn's half-brother and was also employed by James Mooney.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 1874
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Works of art
Ledger drawings
Citation:
MS 1874 Kiowa drawings by Silver Horn and anonymous artists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Photographs made during James Mooney's fieldwork with Apache, Arapaho, Caddo, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Comanche, Dakota/Lakota, Hopi, Kiowa, Navaho, Powhatan, and Wichita communities, as well as in Mexico. Photographs document individuals and families, gatherings, ceremonies and dances, daily activities, games, crafts, landscapes, and burials.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was an American ethnographer whose research focused on Native North Americans. The son of Irish Catholic immigrants, Mooney was born in Richmond, Indiana. His formal education was limited to the public schools of the city; most of his knowledge of anthropology and ethnography was self-taught, largely through his field experience working with various Native communities.
In 1885, Mooney began working for the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) under John Wesley Powell. There, he carried out ethnographic research for more than 30 years. He was a very early adopter of photography and made thouands of photographs in the course of his fieldwork.
Mooney married Ione Lee Gaut in 1897, and had six children. He died in 1921 in Washington, D.C. from heart disease.
For fuller biographies of Mooney see George Ellison's introduction to the 1992 edition of Mooney's History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees, as well as The Indian Man: A Biography of James Mooney by L.G. Moses (2002).
Chronology
February 10, 1861 -- Born
1878 -- Graduated high school, then taught public school for 1 year
1879 -- Joined the staff of The Richmond Palladium
April 1885 -- Joined the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE)
May-June 1885 -- Worked with Cherokee Chief N. J. Smith on Eastern Cherokee grammar
Summer 1886 -- Worked with Chief Smith (in D.C.)
Summer 1887 -- First trip to the Eastern Cherokee of the Great Smokey Mountains to study language, collect material culture, and document activities including the Green Corn Dance and Cherokee ball games (3.5 months)
Winter/Spring 1888 -- Studied Iroquoian and Algonquian synonymies and published articles on the Irish and the Cherokee, collected and studied Cherokee sacred formulae
1889 -- Visit to Cherokee (worked with Swimmer, worked on his maps of place names/mound sites, witnessed ball play and the Green Corn Dance, gathered plants and collected objects for the Smithsonian
December 1890 -- Visited Oklahoma Territory to complete research with Western Cherokee, witnessed the Ghost Dance at the Cheyenne/Arapaho Reservation for the first time
1891 -- "The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee" published Visit to Cherokee in Oklahoma Territory
April 1891 -- Delegated to collect material for Chicago Exposition. Collected for the next 2 years while studying the Ghost Dance
May 1891 -- Photographed Kiowa Mescal (Peyote) Ceremony Headed west for a four month collecting trip for the Chicago exposition, commissioned model tipis and summer houses from the Kiowa
1891-1893 -- Observed/participated in three ghost dances during three seasons of fieldwork among Arapaho, Sioux, Kiowa, and Cheyenne communities
Winter 1892 -- Began intensive field study of Kiowa winter counts and Kiowa heraldry Among the Navajo and Hopi, making collections for Chicago Exposition
Fall 1893 -- Returned to Oklahoma Territory to observe and record Arapaho Sun Dance. Also studied the Hopi Kachina Dance, the Wichita Corn Dance, and possibly also the Arapaho Ghost Dance
May 1895 -- "Siouan Tribes of the East" published
1895 -- Trip to the Southwest, visited Hopi and Navajo communities
1896 -- "The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890" published
January 1897 -- At Anadarko
September 28, 1897 -- Married Ione Lee Gaut
Fall 1898 -- Trip to Southwest, visited Hopi and Navajo communities
1898 -- Attended Omaha Fair, helped plan 'Congress of Indians', supervised Frank Rinehart, who photographed many of the Indian delegates to the fair Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians published
Fall 1899 -- For three weeks in the fall traveled with DeLancey Gill to William Co, VA to study and photograph Mattapony and Pamunkey communities; Gill took pictures while Mooney did census work before traveling to the Chickahominy River
1900 -- Myths of the Cherokee published
Spring 1900 -- Studied communities of the Powhatan Confederacy in VA; traveled to VA again with Gill to visit the Pamunkey and Mattapony communities for more pictures and to complete census, then traveled to area south of Portsmouth to find the rural settlement of the Nansemond.
Fall 1901 -- Cooperative agreement with Field Museum and J. Owen Dorsey; Studied Kiowa for BAE, studied Cheyenne for Field Museum (focused on heraldry). This project, with Dorsey working on Arapaho, continued until 1906
1902 -- Fieldwork on heraldry with Kiowa and Apache communities all year except for two brief visits to Washington, D.C. in September and November
July 1903 -- Mooney and Dorsey study Sun Dance on Cheyenne reservation in Oklahoma Territory, brought staff photographer Charles Carpenter. Spent a week attending the Sun Dance and made the first photographs of the skull-dragging ceremony
October 1903 -- Photographed Arapaho Tomahawk Dance
Winter 1903 -- At the Cheyenne-Arapaho agency in Darlington; winter spent with Cheyenne, and finishing Kiowa tipi models for the Bureau's exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
March 1904 -- At Mount Scott with Kiowa
June 1904 -- St. Louis Exposition opens
April 1906 -- Last visit to Cheyenne
Summers, 1911-1916 -- Visits to Cherokee
1918 -- Assisted with charting the Native American Church of Oklahoma (the Secretary of the Interior issued a ban on his research)
June 28, 1918 -- Requested by Fewkes to study peyote cult and Kiowa Heraldry (see Mooney Papers, Box 1, Letters, statement dated 1921)
December 22, 1921 -- Died
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 74, James Mooney photographs, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
ca. 1903?
Scope and Contents:
Laminated. Drawing on both recto and verso with painted tipi, sweat lodge, horse with travois, and family members engaged in various activities. This drawing is a preliminary drawing for a more complete image appearing in Ms. 2531, vol. 10 (08901300).
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08635101
NAA INV 08635102
NAA MS 2538
Album Information:
NAA MS 2538 JMND-012
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2538, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
ca. 1903?
Scope and Contents:
Laminated. Drawings include prairie with many buffalo and horses; village; four dead women; two dead male relatives; two figures; group dancing ghost dance; a tipi where his family is feasting; Jesus Christ surrounding concentric semi-circles; two connected circles with rays emanating from them, on circle containing figure; village and dance circle; village around dance circle and group of blue lines, possibly representing animals; Jesus Christ with two crucified thieves; and lines, concentric circles, and buffalo skull.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08635301-08635302
NAA INV 08635401-08635402
NAA MS 2538
Local Note:
See BAE 14th AR, Part 2, for Reproduction and Explanation Of Drawing
Place:
United States Oklahoma Kiowa and Comanche Reservation.
Album Information:
NAA MS 2538 JMND-014
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2538, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
