National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Medical Sciences Search this
Extent:
11 Cubic feet (29 boxes, 1 map folder)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Diaries
Manuscripts
Laboratory notebooks
Lecture notes
Masters theses
Reprints
Theses
Date:
1922-2010
Scope and Contents note:
Halkett and Wesolow(ski) materials show the process of technological innovation through laboratory protocols. They also demonstrate the various alternatives explored in the search for effective artificial circulation by using materials which would not damage or clot blood and that could be sterilized. The evolution of the pumping mechanism and power source, the design and materials of the pump itself, and a series of catheters (cannulae) or varying shapes and materials are described as a workable solution is found. Secondly, diversity of techniques developed to solve the problems of artificial circulation and their contributions to that work are documented.
The 2018 addenda documents the life and career of physicist James A.E. Halkett. It includes papers relating to his education, his U.S. Navy service, his work with various employers, and his research in various fields including radio, metallurgy, ordnance, and radioactivity. Some of the papers relate to his work with General Electric in developing the proximity fuse. The papers include correspondence and notes, including lab notes, graphs and charts; reports; drawings; photographs; training and operational manuals; bibliographic card files; journals, conference materials and other publications; and miscellany.
Arrangement:
The collection is organized into three series with subseries.
Subseries 1.4.4: Civil Defense and Medical and Health Services, circa 1950s
Subseries 1.4.5: Effects of the Atomic Bomb, circa 1945
Series 2: H.J. Sugarman Papers, 1950-1951
Series 3: Sigmund A. Wesolowski (Adam Wesolow) Papers, 1951
Biographical/Historical note:
James Alexander Elder Halkett was born in 1920 in Scotland to inventor James Nicol Halkett, and Edith Victoria Elder. At age three, Halkett immigrated to the United States with his family. He attended Wooster College from 1938-1942 and graduated as the first student at the university to triple major in math, chemistry, and physics. Upon graduating from Wooster College, Halkett worked for the companies A.S. Campbell and General Electric before becoming a U.S. citizen in 1944 and immediately joining the U.S. Navy. During his time in the Navy, Halkett completed the intensive Electronics Training Program and attended the Pre-Radio School, Bliss Electrical School, and the Radio Materiel School. Halkett was stationed in Panama and served as a radio technician until 1946.
After discharge from the Navy in 1946, Halkett attended Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) from 1946-1948 and earned his master's degree with his thesis titled "An Artificial Heart." At MIT he began to develop the early extracorporeal mechanical heart alongside his colleague Bill Sewell, which in 1948 became the first mechanical heart to successfully bypass the left side of a cat's heart. This work was continued at Tufts University from 1949-1950 alongside Dr. Sigmund A. Wesolowski, M.D. (now named Adam Wesolow), with the pair further modifying the cardiac pump which resulted in the long-term survival of animals after bypass surgery. Neither Halkett nor Wesolowski went on to develop this technology for trials with human subjects.
Halkett completed a predoctoral fellowship at Johns Hopkins University from 1950-1952, where he expanded his interest in tissue culture and biophysics. Following his time at Johns Hopkins, he served as a Senior Biologist in the field of Radioisotopes at the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital until 1974. At the hospital, he conducted research on radiology, leukemia, and nuclear medicine. He also served as the hospital's Chief of Research in Animal Medicine, Science, and Technology (RILAMSAT) from 1968 to 1972. While working at the Boston Veterans Administration Hospital, Halkett earned his Doctor of Philosophy from Boston University in 1964, where he was also a lecturer. Halkett died in 2015 at the age of 94.
Sigmund Adam Weslowski (1921-1993) was born in Massachusetts and attended Harvard University before servng as a midshipman in the Naval Reserve during World War II and later as a captain during the Korean War in the Army Medical Corps. He received a medical degree from Tufts College of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts and spent one year at Guy's Hospital in London under Lord Russell-Brock where he specialized in thoracic surgery. Wesolowski was Professor of Surgery at the State University of New York Downstate Medical Center in Brooklyn. In the 1980s' he was chief thoracic surgeon at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Togus, Maine. Wesolowski helped devise a heart pump in the early days of open-heart surgery at Tufts University from 1949-1950 alongside Dr. James A.E. Halkett. The pair further modified the cardiac pump which resulted in the long-term survival of animals after bypass surgery.
Related Materials:
Objects related to this collection (See accession 1985.0101.01–1985.0101.67) are located in the Division of Medicine and Science at the National Museum of American History. The objects relate to Halkett and Wesolow's early mechanical heart, and include valves, valve holders, valve chambers, pumps, pump parts,tubing, stroke chamber stoppers, reservoirs, cannulae, and cam systems.
Provenance:
Collection donated by James A. E. Halkett and Adam Wesolow (Sigmund A. Wesolowski), May 6, 1985.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
James A. E. Halkett and Sigmund A. Wesolowski, M.D. Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
This file contains an article on James A.E. Halkett's extracorporeal heart pump and features a photograph of him sitting next to the pump.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
James A. E. Halkett and Sigmund A. Wesolowski, M.D. Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Collection Citation:
Early Aeronautical Newsclippings (Alexander Graham Bell) Collection, Acc. NASM.XXXX.0086, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Papers of Dr. George Edward Burch (1910-1986) researcher in cardiovascular issues and illnesses.
Scope and Contents:
These papers mainly comprise technical notes, diagrams and correspondence relating to and records of laboratory performance of the "two pump heart model". The notes cover the period 1984 1986 and seem to at least in part reflect work of J. Ralph Millet, presumably a technician in Dr. Burch's laboratory. Mr Millet signed the correspondence sent from the lab. Also included are photographs (prints and negatives) of the artificial heart apparatus. A file of reprints of articles from professional journals relating to heart function includes both U.S. and foreign sources.
Biographical / Historical:
Dr. George Edward Burch (1910 1986), a native of Louisiana, was the oldest of 8 children born to a general practioner in a small farming community. He took his university training and medical degree at Tulane, graduating in 1933. Following post graduate work at Charity Hospital in New Orleans and at Rockefeller Institute, in 1947 he became Henderson Professor and Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Tulane. He held this position until 1975 when he retired and became Emeritus Henderson Professor of Medicine. An authority in clinical cardiology, Dr. Burch was a prolific writer in his field authoring or co authoring 12 books and more than 800 published articles over a 50 year period. He did important and innovative research on many aspects of the cardiovascular system, devising his own apparatus for clinical studies when necessary. He had the first AEC license to use radioisotopes on people and worked closely with the National Bureau of Standards to establish safe levels for their use. He did ground breaking experimental work on the role of viruses in causing cardiovascular diseases. At Tulane, the medical department flourished under his leadership and he served as editor in chief of the American Heart Journal, 1959 1980.
Dr. Burch died at home one day after experiencing a myocardial infarction and refusing to be hospitalized, thus fulfilling his own earlier stated preference to "die fast and die at home."
Provenance:
Collection donated by George Edward Burch and Vivian Burch, 1988.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Cooley, D. A.; Liotta, D.; Hallman, G. L.; Bloodwell, R. D.; Leachman, R. D.; Milam, J. D.. Orthotopic Cardiac Prosthesis for Two-Staged Cardiac Replacement
