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Chevy Chase -- Marsh Garden

Former owner:: Weaver, John Search this; Mcafarland, Horace, Commander Search this; Cross, John W. Search this; Glassie, Charles Search this

Architect:: Heaton, Arthur B., 1875-1951 Search this

Landscape architect:: Greely, Rose, 1887-1969 Search this

Collection Creator:: Garden Club of America Search this

Type:: Archival materials

Place:: Marsh Garden (Chevy Chase, Maryland); United States of America -- Maryland -- Montgomery County -- Chevy Chase

Scope and Contents:: The folder includes worksheets, site plans, and other information.

Varying Form:: Cross Garden, formerly known as.

General:: Located on three-quarter acres in suburban Maryland was laid out in 1929 by Rose Ishbel Greely (b.1887-d.1969), the first licensed female landscape architect in Washington DC. Three terrace levels were built alongside the house to accommodate the sloping site, surrounded by low stone walls and with stone steps between levels. A pool with a fountain jet was installed at the terminus of level three and cast stone benches were placed along the side walls. Now mature trees growing outside the walls including pin oak, tulip magnolia, elm and overgrown mock orange keep the area shady in summer. Climbing hydrangea, English ivy and moss cover the walls. Azaleas, roses and iris add color to the garden and pachysandra is used as a ground cover inside and outside the walls.; Outside the walled garden the rest of the property has been planted lawn except during the ownership of Dr. Charles Whitman Cross (1854-1949). A retired geologist, Cross designed a rose garden, planting two thousand bushes and hybridizing new roses, including the deep crimson rambler called the "Chevy Chase" rose as well as roses named "Hon. Lady Lindsay"and "Mrs. Whitman Cross." In the late 1920s Dr. and Mrs. Cross founded the local chapter of the American Rose Society known as the Potomac Rose Society.; This garden was originally documented in the 1930s, at that time it was identified as the Cross Garden.; Persons associated with the garden include) Mr. and Mrs. John Weaver (former owners, 1899-1915); Commander and Mrs. Horace Macfarland (former owners, 1915-1924); Dr. and Mrs. Charles Whitman Cross (former owners, 1924-1945); Mr. and Mrs. Charles Glassie (former owners, 1945-1954); Mr. and Mrs. Richard Marsh (former owners, 1954-2013); Arthur Heaton (architect, 1899); Rose Ishbel Greely (landscape architect, 1929).

Related Materials:: Marsh Garden related holdings consist of 2 folders (3 photographic prints and 29 digital images)

See others in:: J. Horace McFarland collection, 1900-1962.

Collection Restrictions:: Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:: Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Topic:: Gardens -- Maryland -- Chevy Chase Search this

Collection Citation:: Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Sponsor:: A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.

Identifier:: AAG.GCA, File MD042

See more items in:: The Garden Club of America collection; The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Maryland

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Gardens

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6fd42eaf4-cb41-4d75-8a08-eeb81af98916

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref14170

Newport -- Wild Moor

Provenance:: Newport Garden Club Search this

Photographer:: Whitney, Kate Lucey (Kathryn Lucey) Search this; Palmer, Thomas Search this

Collection Creator:: Garden Club of America Search this

Type:: Archival materials

Place:: United States of America -- Rhode Island -- Newport County -- Newport; Wild Moor (Newport, Rhode Island)

Scope and Contents:: This file contains 20 digital images and 1 folder.

General:: Established in 1887, Wild Moor (also known as Berry Hill) is a woodland and natural landscape planted with native species on 22 acres. It has been in the same family for over 100 years and is protected by a land trust by new owners. Wild Moor sits on the second highest point on Aquidneck Island, overlooking Narragansett Bay, the Newport Country Club, and before the extensive planting of trees, the town of Newport and its harbor.

The garden was cultivated by the first owners, Walter and Mary Howe. Water penned a book of essays titled, 'The Garden.' After Walter's death Mary married Arnold Hague, a geologist and amateur botanist. She attended botany courses at Columbia University and the couple began to plant specimen trees, shrubs, fern landscapes, a rock garden, swaths of crocus, trout lilies and narcissus. The added acreage and constructed a tennis court, greenhouses, stone garden sheds and a rose house.

Mary Howe Hague was the first president of the Newport Garden Club. Club members were invited to the property's spring flowering in 1914 and it was open to visits by members throughout the family's ownership of the estate.

Donald MacKay Fraser, a coachman promoted to gardener, oversaw Berry Hill from 1932 to 1976. A Scottish immigrant, he was not trained in horticulture, but overtime became a knowledgeable gardener who sought advice from other gardeners including other Scots working on Newport's grand estates. MacKay's era saw the gradual clearing of the land and construction of structures including a stonewall-enclosed "Little Garden," "Loch Fraser," a catchment pond, the "Shanty," a wooden shed perched atop fitted with a small fireplace and baby grand piano for Mary Carlisle Howe, an accomplished composer and one of the founders of the National Symphony Orchestra.

The property was sold in 2020 and renamed Wild Moor, the windswept garden, with mossy dells, rock-strewn lawns and panoramic vistas.

Persons associated with the property include: Walter and Mary Ann Bruce Howe (former owner, 1887); Walter Bruce Howe (former owner, 1923); Mary C. Howe (former owner, 1954); Bruce Howe (former owner, 1959); Berry Hill Nominee Trust (former owner, 1992); Samuel Parsons (unknown role, 1887); Frederick Law Olmsted (landscape architect of subdivision/sited the house); McKim, Mead, and White? (architect); Michael Carney (head gardener, 1889-1908); William Richardson (head gardener, 1909-1919); Charles Clark (head gardener, 1920-1930); Frederick S. Franco (head gardener, 1931-1932); Donald Fraser (coachman and gardener, superintendent/horticulture, 1933-1975); John Salvador (head gardener, 1976-1992); Keith Hayward (head gardener, 1993-present); Howe family (garden designers).

Records related to the overall subdivision in which this property is located may be found at the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Olmsted Job Number 00681, King-Glover Lands.

Related Materials:: See the 'Flora and Fauna of Berry Hill' at the Redwood Library and Athenaeum.

Collection Restrictions:: Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:: Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Topic:: Gardens -- Rhode Island -- Newport Search this

Collection Citation:: Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Sponsor:: A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.

Identifier:: AAG.GCA, File RI215

See more items in:: The Garden Club of America collection; The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Rhode Island

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Gardens

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb66b2ed21a-5456-42da-8764-26be3d96bdfe

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref33215

MS 2372 Garrick Mallery Collection on Sign Language and Pictography

Creator:: Mallery, Garrick, 1831-1894 Search this

Extent:: 41.29 Linear feet (22 boxes, 29 folders, 3 mounted drawings, and 3 rolled items)

Note:: Some materials, especially in series 3, are stored in the NAA artwork collection.

Culture:: Arctic peoples Search this; Indians of North America Search this

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Pictographs

Place:: Oceania

Date:: 1849-1902; bulk 1870-1895

Summary:: Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) was an ethnologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology who focused primarily on Native American sign language and pictography. This collection reflects Mallery's research interests and methods. Much of the collection is comprised of correspondence and notes relating to sign language and pictography and is organized chiefly by either the cultural or geographic region to which the material belongs. Bound volumes of several of his publications are included, along with annotated draft copies from collaborators. In the case of Mallery's work on pictography, the collection includes several oversize items including original works and reproductions.

Scope and Contents:: This collection contains Garrick Mallery's research and writings as a BAE ethnologist and is largely comprised of correspondence and preparatory materials for publications on Native American sign language and pictography. The geographic scope of the material is chiefly the present-day United States and Canada, though other areas of the world are represented less comprehensively. Correspondence and research notes include verbal descriptions of signs, sometimes with illustrations included. Bound volumes of Mallery's publications are included, along with annotations from collaborators. In addition, this collection includes notecards, drawings, illustrations, photographs, articles, and art objects. Art objects (mostly oversize) deal chiefly with Dakota winter counts and other artifacts.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:: This collection is arranged into 3 series: 1) Research Notes, undated; 2) Materials on Sign Language, 1843-1849, 1873-1894; 3) Materials on Pictographs and Petroglyphs, 1849-1902, undated

Biographical Note:: Garrick Mallery (1831-1894) was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania and practiced law in Philadelphia from 1853 until the outbreak of the American Civil War. While serving in the army, he became interested in Native American sign language and pictography, perhaps while performing his duties in frontier areas. After retiring from the military in 1879, Mallery was appointed to the newly created Bureau of American Ethnology as one of its first ethnologists. In his work with the Bureau, Mallery pioneered the study of sign language and pictographs, examining them as a universal human phenomenon with a direct link to spoken language.

In his work, Mallery collected and examined sign language vocabulary from Native American groups throughout the U.S. and Canada and regularly solicited contributions from collaborators. He also related his findings to examples from the wider world, comparing the formation of Native American signs to those in other areas by hearing individuals and by the deaf. Mallery completed several publications on the topic throughout the 1880s, notably Introduction to the Study of Sign language Among the North American Indians (1880), A Collection of Gesture- Signs and Signals of the North American Indians (1880), and "Sign-language among North American Indians Compared with that Among other People and Deaf-mutes," which appeared in the BAE 1st Annual Report (1881).

While most widely known for his work with sign language, Mallery also undertook extensive research into Native American pictography. Like his work with sign language, he both conducted original research and solicited assistance from collaborators. He was especially interested in the representational images in Dakota winter counts and petroglyphs in the United States and throughout the world.

Sources Consulted

Fletcher, Robert. "Garrick Mallery, President of the Philosophical Society of Washington, in 1888." In Brief Memoirs of Colonel Garrick Mallery, U.S.A., Who Died October 24, 1894, 3-8. Washington: Judd & Detweiler, 1895.

Fletcher, Robert. "Colonel Garrick Mallery, U.S.A." American Anthropologist 8, no. 2 (1895): 79-80.

Chronology

1831 -- Born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, on April 25

1850 -- Graduates Yale College

1853 -- Earns LL. B. from the University of Pennsylvania Admitted to the Pennsylvania bar

1853-1861 -- Practices law in Philadelphia

1861 -- Enters the volunteer army of the United States

1862 -- Severely wounded in the battle of Peach Orchard, Virginia Captured and held prisoner at Libby prison in Richmond, Virginia

1866 -- Completes service with volunteer army of the United States Accepts commission in regular army of the United States

1870 -- Marries Helen W. Wyckoff

1879 -- Retires from the United States army due to disability Appointed to the Bureau of American Ethnology

1880 -- Publishes Introduction to the Study of Sign-Language Among the North American Indians as Illustrating the Gesture-Speech of Mankind and A Collection of Gesture-Signs and Signals of the North American Indians With Some Comparisons

1881 -- Publishes "Sign Language Among North American Indians, Compared with that Among Other Peoples and Deaf-Mutes"

1894 -- Dies after a short illness in Washington, D.C., on October 24

Related Materials:: See MS 2322 A collection of gesture-signs and signals of the North American Indians for more of Garrick Mallery's work on sign language.

Provenance:: MS 2372 was transferred from the Bureau of Ethnology Archives to the Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives with the merger of the BAE and the Department of Anthropology of the National Museum of Natural History in 1965. The Smithsonian Office of Anthropology Archives was renamed the National Anthropological Archives in 1968.

Restrictions:: Manuscript 2372 is open for research.

Access to Manuscript 2372 requires an appointment.

Rights:: Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:: Language and languages -- Documentation Search this; Sign language Search this; Picture-writing Search this; Ethnology Search this; Anthropology Search this