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Measurements:

tank: 5 in x 4 in; 12.7 cm x 10.16 cm

burner: 5 in; 12.7 cm

extension: 7 1/2 in; 19.05 cm

overall: 6 5/8 in x 14 1/4 in x 4 in; 16.8275 cm x 36.195 cm x 10.16 cm

Object Name:

Burner, Self Blowing Gasoline for Chemical Laboratory

Associated Place:

United States: New Jersey

Subject:

Skin & Dermatology Drugs  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of Department of Chemistry, Catholic University of America

ID Number:

CH.316909

Catalog number:

316909

Accession number:

229658

See more items in:

Medicine and Science: Chemistry

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a0-e5ca-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_2268

Maker:

Turner Brass Works  Search this

Physical Description:

metal (overall material)

Measurements:

overall: 17.7 cm x 5.1 cm; 6 15/16 in x 2 in

overall: 9 7/8 in x 2 in; 25.0825 cm x 5.08 cm

Object Name:

Torch

Place made:

United States: Illinois, Sycamore

Associated Place:

United States: New Jersey

Credit Line:

June W. Leonard

ID Number:

1991.0691.18

Catalog number:

1991.0691.18

Accession number:

1991.0691

See more items in:

Medicine and Science: Chemistry

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a1-34b0-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_332480

Measurements:

overall: 64 mm x 54 mm x 165 mm; 2 1/2 in x 2 1/8 in x 6 1/2 in

overall: 2 in x 6 1/2 in x 2 1/4 in; 5.08 cm x 16.51 cm x 5.715 cm

Object Name:

Counter Wheel

Associated Place:

United States: New Jersey

Date made:

1941

Credit Line:

Gift of J. Harry DuBois

ID Number:

1983.0538.32

Catalog number:

1983.0538.32

1983.0538.032

Accession number:

1983.0538

See more items in:

Medicine and Science: Chemistry

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a0-e462-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_665

Creator:

National Air and Space Museum  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2011-10-07T15:51:56.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Aeronautics;Flight;Space Sciences  Search this

See more by:

airandspace

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

YouTube Channel:

airandspace

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_M-5DeIvOJ7Y

Biogeographical Region:

78 - Southeastern U.S.A.  Search this

Collector:

Randy Winstead  Search this

Place:

St. Tammany Parish. T65 R11E Sec. 22, NE4. west side of North Lee Road, along the northside of a small tributary of Bogue Falaya, west of a NW-SE gasoline r.o.w., Louisiana, United States, North America

Collection Date:

18 Feb 1993

Taxonomy:

Plantae Pteridophyte Isoetales Isoetaceae

Published Name:

Isöetes louisianensis Thieret

Barcode:

01384485

USNM Number:

3395372

See more items in:

Botany

Flowering plants and ferns

Data Source:

NMNH - Botany Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3a7115eab-0317-414d-b4f3-97badfe0ea91

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhbotany_12160985

User:

Cohen, Alfredo  Search this

Maker:

Harley-Davidson  Search this

Measurements:

overall: 48 in x 32 in x 93 in; 121.92 cm x 81.28 cm x 236.22 cm

Object Name:

motorcycle

Other Terms:

motorcycle; Road

Date made:

1942

Credit Line:

Gift of Alfredo Cohen

ID Number:

1981.0766.01

Accession number:

1981.0766

Catalog number:

1981.0766.01

See more items in:

Work and Industry: Transportation, Road

America on the Move

Bicycling

Transportation

Road Transportation

Exhibition:

America On The Move

Exhibition Location:

National Museum of American History

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a6-993f-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_844460

Manufacturer:

Wright  Search this

Materials:

metal (ferrous alloy, copper alloy)

Dimensions:

3-D (Closed): 16.1 × 1.3 × 0.7cm (6 5/16 × 1/2 × 1/4 in.)

Type:

EQUIPMENT-Tools

Date:

1931-1933

Credit Line:

Transferred from the USAF Museum

Inventory Number:

A20030073055

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9bc88157f-16d1-4872-9cae-83b9642defbb

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A20030073055

Manufactured for:

Charles A. Lindbergh  Search this

Materials:

Aluminum, copper alloy

Dimensions:

3-D: 109.2 × 10.8 × 5.1cm (3 ft. 7 in. × 4 1/4 in. × 2 in.)

Type:

EQUIPMENT-Scientific Devices

Date:

1931-1933

Credit Line:

Transferred from the USAF Museum

Inventory Number:

A20030071000

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv93c0e39f6-9794-4335-ac87-79e46b4fec16

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A20030071000

Creator:

General Motors Corporation  Search this

Extent:

3 Cubic feet (7 boxes, 2 oversize folders )

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Reports

Advertisements

Audiovisual materials

Catalogs

Correspondence

Diagrams

Photographs

Magazines (periodicals)

Posters

Press releases

Date:

1990-2005

bulk 1993-1999

Summary:

This collection documents the design, testing, production and promotion of the first zero-emission electric car produced by a major car company, the General Motors EV1. The materials include photographs, promotional booklets and marketing, press coverage, and publications, as well as design details and specifications, describing the process by which this ambitious and controversial vehicle was produced and released to the public in the mid- to late 1990s. This collection would be of interest to researchers in the areas of innovative design, automobile marketing, environmental initiatives, and the automotive industry.

Scope and Contents:

This collection contains materials relating to General Motors's development, promotion, and production of the EV1, the first commercially-available zero-emission electric vehicle, between 1990 and 2005. Included are design diagrams, photographs, and internal communication, but the vast majority of items are publicity materials such as press releases, newspaper and magazine coverage, and promotional material for auto shows.

Due to the nature of the donation (twenty-three separate donors from the original EV1 design team) there is some duplication of materials throughout the collection, though efforts were made to keep duplicates to a minimum.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into six series.

Series 1: Design, Testing, and Production Materials, 1991-1997

Series 2: Event Photographs, 1993-1994, 2000

Series 3: Press Coverage Materials,1991-2005

Series 4: Product Promotion Materials, 1990-2002

Series 5: Publications,1994, 1996-1999

Series 6: Post-Production Materials, 1999, 2002, 2004-2005

Biographical / Historical:

The General Motors EV1 is considered one of the most technologically advanced vehicles produced in the twentieth century and was the most energy-efficient car in the world at the time of its premiere. Manufactured for the consumer market by GM in 1997, EV1 featured many engineering innovations in aerodynamics, electric drive systems, electronic controls, and hydraulic braking, and was propelled by a rechargeable lead-acid battery pack, producing zero emissions. It was issued twenty-three patents for its advanced features, as well as winning several awards and competitions, including the electric vehicle world land speed record in 1994.

In early 1990, partly based on a boast by departing president of GM Roger Smith that electric vehicle technology was a reality, the state of California mandated that the major auto makers produce two percent of their vehicles emissions-free by 1998. Between 1990, when the barely-functional prototype car Impact debuted at the Los Angeles Auto Show, and 1994, when a fleet of fifty Impacts were premiered across the nation in the prEView Drive Program, a team of engineers worked on design, manufacture, and proof of concept vehicles that would eventually develop into the EV1: the first zero-emissions car to be released to consumers. The car's components were manufactured in several stages and locations: the assembly plant was in the Craft Centre in Lansing, Michigan; the motors were produced by Delco Remy in Anderson, Indiana; the battery pack, consisting of thirty-two 10-volt lead-acid batteries was produced by Delco Remy at their plant in Muncie, Indiana; and the power inverter and magnetic battery charger were constructed by Hughes Aircraft in Torrence, California.The finished car emitted zero pollutants, could accelerate from 0-60 mph in eight seconds, and had a range of eighty miles between charges. During 1995, the manufacturing process was refined, and the EV1 was announced in 1996 at both the Los Angeles and Detroit Auto Shows. The following year it became available to consumers through the Saturn division of GM marketing. However, due to concerns about parts and maintenance for the life of the car, GM only offered it on three-year lease programs, never for sale outright.

Though the EV1 did relatively well in the California and Arizona markets its first year, the 1999 EV1 Generation II showed a significant decline in consumer interest. The lease-only option was not appealing to many, and the limited range of the car, combined with a lack of publicly available charging stations, was a significant deterrent. Despite initial plans to expand the fleet of EVs by producing an S10 pickup truck with the new technology, and enthusiastic support from EV1's small but loyal customer base, GM stopped production on EVs altogether before the year 2000. When the last lease ran out in 2003, the fleet was recalled into storage, and except for a few that were donated to museums and universities for engineering programs and design study, the remaining EV1 vehicles were crushed and recycled in 2005.

The legacy of the EV1 remains in most of the hybrid fuel-electric vehicles and fuel-cell technology produced in the twenty-first century. It vaulted General Motors into the lead for development of advanced technology vehicles, beginning the long and ongoing effort to reduce US dependence on foreign oil as well as addressing the environmental issues caused by gasoline-powered engines.

Related Materials:

Related artifacts were donated to the Division of Work and Industry. See accession 2005.0061 and 2006.031-.034.

Provenance:

Collection donated in 2006 by Jill Banaszynski, General Motors Corporation; Patrick M. Bouchard, General Motors Corporation; Loran D. Brooks; Dan Brouns; Linda Ludek Brouns; Ray Buttacavoli; Laurel Castiglione, General Motors Corporation; Dennis H. Davis, General Motors Corporation; Robert E. DeGrandchamp; James N. Ellis; Hesham Ezzat, Marty M. Freedman, General Motors Corporation; Jamie Grover, Saturn Corporation; Steve M. Kunder, General Motors Corporation; Michael Kutcher, General Motors Corporation; Linda J. Lamar, General Motors Corporation; Kuen Leung, General Motors Corporation; Thomas M. Lobkovich; Joanne Mabrey, General Motors Corporation; Joseph F. Mercurio, General Motors Corporation; William L. Shepard, General Motors Corporation; Steven Tarnowsky; Lance Turner, General Motors Corporation.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Automobiles, Electric  Search this

Genre/Form:

Reports

Advertisements -- 20th century

Audiovisual materials

Catalogs

Correspondence -- 20th century

Diagrams

Photographs -- 1950-2000

Magazines (periodicals) -- 20th century

Photographs -- 20th century

Posters -- 20th century

Press releases

Citation:

General Motors EV1 Records, 1990-2005, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0912

See more items in:

General Motors EV1 Records

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0912

Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

12.49 Cubic feet (consisting of 24 boxes, 2 half boxes, 4 folder, 18 oversize folders, 3 flat boxes (partial), plus digital images of some collection material.)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Business ephemera

Ephemera

Date:

circa 1860-1967

Summary:

A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Automobile Industry forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana

Scope and Contents note:

This material dates from the late nineteenth and early twentith century and consists primarily of catalogues, scattered correspondence on letterhead stationery, printed advertisements (particularly from Town and Country), instruction manuals, periodicals, newspaper clippings, handbooks, pamphlets, company histories, photographs, caricatures, road maps, tour guides, tickets, membership cards, and articles and books--mostly from manufacturers and dealers of automobiles. A large amount of the material is from pioneer manufacturers including Ford., Reo, Duryea, Packard, Auburn, Studebaker, Hupmobile, Franklin, Cadillac, Chevrolet, Oldsmobiles, and Buick.

There is a substantial amount of material from manufacturers and dealers of parts and accessories for automobiles which include horns, tires, windshield wipers, paints, autometers, springs, automobile tops, telephones, chains, clocks, heaters, transmissions ' carburetors, engines, spark plugs, anti-freeze, license plates and gasoline. Samples of permits, operator's licenses, titles, registrations and traffic rules and regulations are also documented. Companies that provide services such as car rentals, garages and maintenance of automobiles are also included. There are a number of images of automobiles, including photographs and illustrations in catalogues which document the developement of automobiles. Images include: Andrew Carnegie, J. Pierpont Morgan, John Jay Gould, John Jacob Astor, the Vanderbilts and their cars.

Series 1: Manufacturers and Dealers of AutomobilesandSeries 2: Manufacturers and Dealers of Automotive Parts and Accessoriesare arranged alphabetically by name of company.Series 4: Related Publicationscontains periodicals which relate directly to the automobile industry and are arranged alphabetically by name of publication. The images inSeries 5: General Worksare arranged by type (i.e. photographs, caricatures). This series also includes applications for operators' licenses and permits, titles for automobiles, registrations, traffic legislation, traffic rules and regulations, patents, information from insurance, car rental, taxi service, and limousine service companies, schools, various clubs and associations, museums, and shows. The general materials are arranged by type and clubs and associations are organized alphabetically by name.

Series 4: Related Publications, ca. 1896-1950, contains publications including pamphlets, reports, books and periodicals of general interest. Articles from Town and Country are numerous, and other magazines are represented. The articles cover a variety of topics including automobile racing (1906), the development of the automobile (1903), women as motorists (1906), types of imported automobiles (1907), legal rights of automobilists (1904), automobiling as a sport (1926), insuring automobilists (1907), building motor parkways (1908), closed automobiles for winter traveling (1909), winter coats for motoring (1904) and taxi cabs replacing the hansom (1907). The articles are arranged alphabetically by name of magazine and then chronologically by date. Business cards, blotters, trip passes, fabric samples, stock cuts, newspaper clippings, abstracts of papers, reports, guide books, miscellaneous correspondence and pamphlets are also well documented. Handbooks, manuals and books covering mostly the history of the automobile but also maintenance and tour guides and maps are arranged alphabetically by location.

Scope and Content Note on Oversized Material:

The oversize materials primarily consist of printed advertisements and other promotional materials, including in-house publications, brochures, and catalogs for automobile manufacturers and dealers. Some material was created by dealers of automobile parts and accessories, including motor clothing. Several general images of automobiles, articles, and printed ads for automobile publications are also available as well as some correspondence and periodicals related to automobile clubs and correspondence associations. Materials are arranged alphabetically by company or by publication and follow the same order of the vertical file materials.

Arrangement note:

The collection is divided into five series:

Series 1, Manufacturers and Dealers of Automobiles

Series 2, Manufacturers and Dealers of Automotive Parts and Accessories

Series 3, Miscellaneous Materials, undated

Series 4, Related Publications, circa 1896-1950;

Series 5, General Works, circa 1680-1965.

Brand name index:

The following is a list of the brand or trade names for various automobiles. The names that appear in this list are a compilation of those found on materials in the vertical document boxes.!It is not a complete list of all the names for automobiles. The list is intended to assist researchers locate desired materials when only the brand name is known. The names of automobiles are arranged in alphabetical order. The following information is included for each product when available: (1) the brand name and (2) the manufacturer.

Brand Name -- Manufacturer

33 -- Hudson Motor Car Company

Airflows -- Chrysler Corporation

Alco -- American Locomotive Automobile Company

Ambassador -- Nash Motor Company

Auto Meter -- Warner Instrument Company

? -- Beacon-Little Paul Rubber Company

Berliet -- American Locomotive Company

Chadwick -- Fairmount Engineering Works

Chau Phone -- Western Electric Company

Columbian -- Electric Vehicle Company

Commer -- Wyokoff, Church & Partridge

Continental-Mark IV -- Ford Motor Company

Cord -- Auburn Auto Company

DKW -- Mercedes Benz

DeSoto -- Chrysler Corporation

Detroit -- Anderson Electric Car Company

Electrette -- Lansden Company

Elk-Hart -- Crow Motor Company

Emco -- Emery Manufacturing Company

Essex -- Hudson Motor Company

Everitt 30 -- Metzger Motor Car Company

Fairlane -- Ford Motor Company

Falcon -- Ford Motor Company

Flurd Drive -- Chrysler Corporation

Galaxie -- Ford Motor Company

Golden Airflyte -- Nash Motors

Hupmobile -- Hupp Motor Car Company

Jeep -- Will-Overland Company

Jenny -- Homestead Value Manufacturing

Jericho -- Randall-Faichney & Company

La Salle -- Cadillac Motor Company

Lambert -- Buckeye Manufacturing Company

Lancia -- Adama-Lancia Company

Lancia -- Hol-Tan Company

Leak Proof -- McQuay-Norris Manufacturing Company

Leavitt -- ?

Lincoln -- Ford Motor Company!Unras Specialty Co.

Little Six -- Locomobile Company

Mack -- International Motor Company

Menominee -- D.F. Poyer Company

Meritasstandard -- Textile Products Company

Model F -- Ford Motor Company

Model K -- Ford Motor Company

Model N -- Ford Motor Company

Model S -- Ford Motor Company

Neverout -- Rose Manufacturing

New Yorker -- Chrysler Corporation

Old Sol -- James Bailey Company

Orient -- Walth Company

Overland -- Willys-Overland Company

Plymouth -- Chrysler Corporation

Pungs-Finch -- Sintz Gas Engine Company

Queen -- C.H. Blomstrom Cars

Rambler -- Nash Motors

Rambler -- S. Thomas B. Jeffrey

Rockne -- Studebaker

Royal -- Chrysler Corporation

S.G.V -- Gotham Motor Company

Schluter -- E.F. Elmberg Company

Silent Six -- Matheson Auto Company

Snow Bird -- Arps Corporation

Snow Bird -- F.S. Manufacturing Company

Speed-Wagons -- Reo Motor Car Company

Stepney -- Spare Motor Wheel Company

Stewart -- Stewart-Warner Speedometer Company

Terraplane -- Hudson Motor Company

The Marmon -- Nordyke & Mormon Company

Thuderbird -- Ford Motor Company

Truffault-Hartford -- Hartford Suspension Company

Twenty-Two -- Metz Company

V Belt -- Graton & Knight Manufacturing

Valiant -- Chrysler Corporation

Victor -- Overman Auto Company

Waverley -- Indian Bicycle Company

Whiz -- Hollingshead, R.M. Company

Windsor -- Chrysler Corporation

Yale -- Kirk Manufacturing Company

Materials in the Archives Center:

Archives Center Collection of Business Americana (AC0404)

Forms Part Of:

Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.

Series 1: Business Ephemera

Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers

Series 4: Photographic Reference Material

Provenance:

Automobile Industry is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Genre/Form:

Business ephemera

Ephemera

Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Automobile Industry, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Automobile

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Automobile Industry

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-automobile

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Regional Americans-Mississippi Program 1974 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Jones, Cleveland  Search this

Artist:

Thomas, Son, 1926-1993  Search this

Cooper, Joe  Search this

Chatmon, Sam  Search this

Stackhouse, Houston, 1910-1980  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound recording

1 Sound recording (sound-tape reel, analog, 7 in.)

Type:

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

Mississippi

Date:

1974 July 6

Contents:

Son Thomas; Joe Cooper; Cleveland Jones---Dust my broom--Laid and I wondered--interview--Catfish blues; Sam Chatmon--Pigmeat blues--You rascal you--How come you treat me like you do--All night long; Houston Stackhouse--Asked for water, gave me gasoline; Sam Chatmon--Blues when it rains--Lover--My heart's on the island of Capri--Let me call you sweetheart--Stormt weather--Devil honeymoon--My blue heaven--Nobody's sweetheart--Dinah; Lonnie Pitchford--intro

General note:

DPA number 74.101.41

Local Numbers:

FP-1974-7RR-0041

General:

CDR copy

74.101.41

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, July 6, 1974.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Blues (Music)  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1974 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1974, Item FP-1974-7RR-0041

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1974 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1974 Festival of American Folklife / Series 8: Regional America / 8.3: Audio

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1974-ref4556

Creator:

Tam, Reuben  Search this

Names:

Alan Gallery (Charles Alan)  Search this

Brooklyn Museum of Art  Search this

Coe Kerr Gallery  Search this

Downtown Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation  Search this

Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture  Search this

Andrews, Dorothy, 1918-2008  Search this

Kienbusch, William, 1914-1980  Search this

Nesjar, Carl, 1920-  Search this

Solomon, Hyde, 1911-  Search this

Extent:

9.2 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Sketchbooks

Sound recordings

Poems

Diaries

Scrapbooks

Watercolors

Drawings

Date:

1931-2006

Summary:

The papers of landscape painter and educator Reuben Tam measure 9.2 linear feet and date from 1931 to 2006. The papers document his career as a painter in New York, Maine, and Hawaii through biographical material; correspondence with family, friends, art organizations, schools, and galleries; diaries, poetry, and other writings; exhibition catalogs, news clippings, other printed material; photographs; artwork, including seventeen sketchbooks; and eight scrapbooks.

There is a 1.1 linear foot unprocessed addition to the collection donated in 2020 that includes 34 sketchbooks, circa 1940-1974, by Tam from his time in New York, Hawaii, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon, Alaska and Canada.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of landscape painter and educator Reuben Tam measure 9.2 linear feet and date from 1931 to 2006. The papers document his career as a painter in New York, Maine, and Hawaii through biographical material; correspondence with family, friends, art organizations, schools, and galleries; diaries, poetry, and other writings; exhibition catalogs, news clippings, other printed material; photographs; artwork, including seventeen sketchbooks; and eight scrapbooks. There is a 1.1 linear foot unprocessed addition to the collection donated in 2020 that includes 34 sketchbooks, circa 1940-1974, by Tam from his time in New York, Hawaii, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Oregon, Alaska and Canada.

Biographical material includes school documents, records of his tenure as an instructor at the Brooklyn Museum of Art School, artwork consignment and sales records, and slides and accompanying audio cassette recording of the "Reuben Tam Show" about his work as an artist on Monhegan Island, Maine.

Correspondence is with family, fellow artists, including William Kienbusch and Hyde Solomon, as well as art organizations, schools, and museums, such as Brooklyn Museum of Art School, Guggenheim Memorial Foundation, Maine Coast Artists group, and the Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture. Also found is correspondence with the three galleries which represented his work: Downtown Gallery, Alan Gallery, and Coe Kerr Gallery.

The collection includes five bound diaries as well as diary entries written by Reuben Tam on loose sheets of paper, primarily documenting the 1940s. Other writings include drafts of poetry, one notebook, miscellaneous notes, and essays by others.

Printed material consists of school publications, exhibition catalogs and announcements for solo and group shows, brochures, flyers, magazines, bulletins, and news clippings. Eight scrapbooks found in this collection also include newspaper clippings, exhibition announcements and catalogs, as well as event invitations, membership cards, and letters, documenting 40 years of Reuben Tam's career.

Photographs are of Reuben Tam, Tam with friends and family, and artwork. One photograph album contains photographs from Tam's visits to Maine from 1946 to 1948, and includes photographs of fellow artists Hyde Solomon, Carl Nesjar, Dorothy Andrews, and William Kienbusch. Artwork in the collection includes prints, drawings, and watercolors as well as seventeen large sketchbooks documenting the coastal landscape of Monhegan Island, Maine.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as 9 series:

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1934-1993 (Box 1; 0.4 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1931-2006 (Box 1-4; 3.5 linear feet)

Series 3: Diaries, 1932-1974 (Box 4-5; 0.4 linear feet)

Series 4: Writings, 1939-1987 (Box 5; 7 folders)

Series 5: Printed Material, 1935-1997 (Box 5-6, 9; 1.2 linear feet)

Series 6: Photographs, circa 1930-1990 (Box 6-7, 9; 1.0 linear foot)

Series 7: Artwork, circa 1936-1975 (Box 7, 9-10, OV 11; 0.7 linear feet)

Series 8: Scrapbooks, 1938-1978 (Box 7-8; 0.9 linear feet)

Series 9: Unprocessed Addition, circa 1940-1974 (Box 12, OV13; 1.1 linear feet)

Biographical / Historical:

Reuben Tam (1916-1991) was a landscape painter and educator in New York, Maine, and Hawaii. Tam was born in Kapaa, Hawaii, in 1916. He received a degree in education in 1937 from the University of Hawaii and was briefly a public school teacher before attending graduate courses at the California School of Fine Arts. In 1941 he moved to New York and took courses in art history and philosophy at the New School for Social Research and Columbia University. Tam became affiliated with the Downtown Gallery in 1945 and was a prolific exhibitor in national and regional shows, winning critical praise as an abstract landscape painter. In 1948 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship and first exhibited in the National Academy's annual exhibition in 1947.

Tam was an instructor at the Brooklyn Museum of Art School from 1946 to 1974. While there he taught advanced studies in painting and was chairman of the graduate painting department. He also served as a visiting professor at Oregon State University, Haystack, and Queens College, CUNY.

Beginning in 1948, Tam and his wife, Geraldine, spent summers at their home and studio on Monhegan Island, Maine. Tam's work was deeply influenced by coastal landscapes both in Maine and in his native Hawaii. In 1981 he and his wife moved back to Kapaa, Hawaii, where he continued to paint and exhibit his new works until his death in 1991.

Related Materials:

Reuben Tam papers, 1958-1966, are also located at Syracuse University.

Provenance:

Scrapbooks were lent for microfilming in 1970 by Reuben Tam and were subsequently donated in 2009 along with additional papers by Geraldine King Tam, Reuben Tam's widow. 34 additional sketchbooks were donated in 2020 by the Geraldine King Tam Trust, via Cindy King, trustee and niece of Geraldine King Tam.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Painters -- Maine  Search this

Painters -- Hawaii  Search this

Topic:

Painters -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Educators -- Hawaii  Search this

Educators -- Maine  Search this

Educators -- New York (State)  Search this

Asian American artists  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sketchbooks

Sound recordings

Poems

Diaries

Scrapbooks

Watercolors

Drawings

Citation:

Reuben Tam papers, 1931-2006. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

The processing and digitization of the Reuben Tam papers received Federal support from the Asian Pacific American Initiatives Pool, administered by the Smithsonian Asian Pacific American Center.

Identifier:

AAA.tamreub

See more items in:

Reuben Tam papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-tamreub

Creator:

Saarinen, Lilian Swann, 1912-1995  Search this

Names:

Cambridge Art Center  Search this

Cranbrook Academy of Art -- Faculty  Search this

G Place Gallery (Washington, D.C.)  Search this

Knoll Associates, inc.  Search this

Massachusetts Institute of Technology -- Faculty  Search this

Midtown Galleries (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Otava Publishing Company  Search this

Reynal & Hitchcock  Search this

Armitage, Merle, 1893-1975  Search this

Crosby, Caresse, 1892-  Search this

Eames, Charles  Search this

Eames, Ray  Search this

Koch, Carl  Search this

Kreis, Henry, 1899-1963  Search this

Milles, Carl, 1875-1955  Search this

Moholy-Nagy, László, 1895-1946  Search this

Moholy-Nagy, Sibyl, 1905-  Search this

Saarinen, Eero, 1910-1961  Search this

Saarinen, Eliel, 1873-1950  Search this

Saarinen, Loja  Search this

Venturi, Robert  Search this

Weese, Harry, 1915-1998  Search this

Extent:

9 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Blueprints

Diaries

Illustrations

Sketches

Photographs

Scrapbooks

Date:

circa 1909-1977

Summary:

The papers of Cambridge sculptor and illustrator, Lilian Swann Saarinen, measure nine linear feet and date from circa 1909 to 1977. The collection documents Saarinen's career through correspondence with artists, architects, publishers, and gallery owners; writings and notes, including manuscripts and illustrations for children's books and publications; project and teaching files; financial records; artwork, including numerous project sketches; and photos of Saarinen and her artwork. Saarinen's personal life is also documented through diaries and correspondence with friends and family members, including Eero Saarinen, to whom she was married from 1939-1953.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of Cambridge sculptor and illustrator, Lilian Swann Saarinen, measure nine linear feet and date from circa 1909 to 1977. The collection documents Saarinen's career through correspondence with artists, architects, publishers, and gallery owners; writings and notes, including manuscripts and illustrations for children's books and publications; project and teaching files; financial records; artwork, including numerous project sketches; and photos of Saarinen and her artwork. Saarinen's personal life is also documented through diaries and correspondence with friends and family members, including Eero Saarinen, to whom she was married from 1939-1953.

Biographical material consists of resumes and biographical sketches, as well as a 1951 blueprint for the Eero Saarinen and Associates Office Building in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.

Correspondence documents Saarinen's personal and professional life through letters to and from Eero Saarinen and other family members, including six letters from Loja Saarinen; correspondence with artists and architects, including Merle Armitage, Charles and Ray Eames, Carl Koch, Henry Kreis, Carl Milles, Laszlo and Sibyl Moholy-Nagy, Robert Venturi, and Harry Weese; and friends and colleagues at the Cranbrook Academy of Art and Knoll Associates. Also documented is Saarinen's business relationship with Midtown Galleries and Caresse Crosby, and publishers and publications including Child Life, Interiors, Otava Publishing Company, and Reynal & Hitchcock, Inc.

Writings and Notes document Saarinen's work on several children's publications, including Picture Book Zoo (1935) and Who Am I? (1946), through correspondence, notes, manuscript drafts, and extensive sketches. This series also includes Saarinen's ideas for other publications and incorporates some early writings and notes, as well as typescripts of her reminiscences about Eliel Saarinen, the Saarinen family, and the Cranbrook Academy of Art.

Diaries consist of bound diary volumes, loose-leaf journal entries, and heavily annotated engagement calendars, documenting Saarinen's personal life, artistic aspirations, and career development from the 1930s-1970s. This material provides a deeply personal view of the emotional landscape of Saarinen's life, her struggles to balance her identity as a working artist with the roles of wife, mother, and homemaker, and the complex, and often competing, relationships within the renowned architectural family into which she married.

Project files document Saarinen's work on book cover designs, federal and post office commissions in Bloomfield, Indiana, Carlisle, Kentucky, and Evanston, Illinois, reliefs for the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois, and other important commissions including the Harbor National Bank Clock in Boston, Massachusetts, the KLM Airlines installation at JFK Airport, the Fountain of Noah sculpture at the Northland Center in Detroit, Michigan, and the interior of Toffenetti's restaurant in Chicago, Illinois. Also documented is her role in designs for the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, with Eero Saarinen.

Teaching files document Saarinen's "Language of Clay Course" which she taught at Cambridge Art Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Financial records document exhibition and sales expenses for two exhibitions, including her show at G Place Gallery in 1944.

Printed material consists of clippings about Saarinen and her family, exhibition announcements and catalogs for herself and others, and reference files from the 1930s-1940s, primarily comprising clippings of animals.

Additional printed material documenting Saarinen's career can be found in one of two scrapbooks found in the collection. An additional scrapbook consists of clippings relating primarily to Saarinen's parents.

Artwork comprises extensive sketches, particularly animal and figure sketches, in graphite, crayon, ink, pastel, and watercolor. The sketches demonstrate in particular Saarinen's developing interest in and skill with animal portraiture from her childhood to the 1960s.

Photographs are primarily of artwork and Saarinen's 1944 exhibition at G Place Gallery. Also found are one negative of Saarinen, probably with Eero Saarinen, and a group photo including Lilian, Eero, and Eliel Saarinen with the model for the Detroit Civic Center, circa 1940s.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as 11 series.

Series 1: Biographical Material, circa 1930s-1960s (3 folders; Box 1, OV 12)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1920-1974 (1.9 linear feet; Boxes 1-2, 8, OV 12)

Series 3: Writings and Notes, 1920s-1973 (1.3 linear feet, Boxes 2-3, 8, OVs 13-16)

Series 4: Diaries, 1930-1973 (1.4 linear feet, Boxes 3-5, 8)

Series 5: Project Files, 1931-1966 (1.7 linear feet, Boxes 5-6, 8, OVs 17-19)

Series 6: Teaching Files, 1966-1970 (3 folders, Box 6)

Series 7: Financial Records, 1940s-1970s (2 folders, Box 6)

Series 8: Printed Material, circa 1930s-1970s (0.2 linear feet, Box 6)

Series 9: Scrapbooks, circa 1909-1974 (2 folders; Boxes 6, 9)

Series 10: Artwork, circa 1920s-circa 1960s (1.7 linear feet, Boxes 6-7, 9-10, OVs 20-27)

Series 11: Photographs, circa 1940s, 1977 (0.5 linear feet, Boxes 7, 11, OV 27)

Biographical / Historical:

Cambridge artist and sculptor, Lilian Swann Saarinen (1912-1995), studied at the Art Students League with Alexander Archipenko in 1928, and later with Albert Stewart and Heninz Warneke from 1934-1936, before moving to Michigan where she studied with Carl Milles at the Cranbrook Academy of Art from 1936-1940. Saarinen was an accomplished skier and a member of the 1936 US Olympic ski team.

At Cranbrook, Swann met architect Eero Saarinen, whom she married in 1939. She subsequently worked with Saarinen's design group on a variety of projects, including the Westward Expansion Memorial, which later became known as the "Gateway Arch" in St. Louis. Lilian and Eero had a son, Eric, and a daughter, Susie, before divorcing in 1953.

Saarinen, who had developed an affinity for drawing animals in childhood, specialized in animal portraits in a variety of sculptural media. In 1939, she exhibited her sculpture Night, which depicted Bagheera the panther from Rudyard Kipling's Jungle Book, at the World's Fair. The sculpture was placed in the Boston Public Garden in 1986. In the 1930s and 1940s Saarinen was commissioned to work on a variety of architectural projects, including reliefs for post offices in Bloomfield, Indiana, Carlisle, Kentucky, and Evanston, Illinois, and the Crow Island School in Winnetka, Illinois. She also executed commissions for the Harbor National Bank in Boston, KLM (Royal Dutch Airlines) at JFK Airport, the Northland shopping Center in Detroit Michigan, and Toffenetti's Restaurant in Chicago.

Saarinen was a contributing author and illustrator for a variety of publications, including Child Life, Interiors and Portfolio: An Intercontinental Quarterly. In 1935 she illustrated Picture Book Zoo for the Bronx Zoo and in 1946 Reynal & Hitchcock, Inc. published Who Am I?, a children's book which Saarinen wrote and illustrated.

Saarinen taught ceramic sculpture to soldiers for the Red Cross Arts and Skills Unit rehabilitation program in 1945, served on the Visiting Committee to the Museum School at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, from 1959-1964, where she taught ceramics, and later taught a course entitled "The Language of Clay" at the Cambridge Art Center and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. One of Saarinen's private students at Cambridge was her cousin, Edie Sedgwick.

Saarinen died in Cohasset, Massachusetts, in 1995 at the age of 83.

Separated Materials:

The Archives of American Art also holds material lent for microfilming (reels 1152 and 1192) including a scrapbook containing clippings, copies of letters and telegrams received, and reproductions of Saarinen's work. There is a copy of Saarinen's book, "Who Am I?", and three albums containing photographs of Saarinen, photographs and reproductions of her work, a list of exhibitions, quotes about her, and writings by her about sculpture. Lent material was returned to the lender and is not described in the collection container inventory.

Provenance:

Lilian Swann Saarinen donated the collection in 1975. She lent additional materials for microfilming in 1976.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Sculptors -- Massachusetts -- Cambridge  Search this

Topic:

Women artists -- Massachusetts  Search this

Art -- Study and teaching  Search this

Illustrated books, Children's  Search this

Gateway Arch (Saint Louis, Mo.)  Search this

Sculpture, Modern -- 20th century -- United States  Search this

Illustrators -- Massachusetts  Search this

Art commissions  Search this

Art, Municipal  Search this

Genre/Form:

Blueprints

Diaries

Illustrations

Sketches

Photographs

Scrapbooks

Citation:

Lilian Swann Saarinen papers, circa 1909-1977. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by The Walton Family Foundation; and John R. & Barbara Robinson and Deborah Schmidt Robinson & Dr. R. Perry Robinson, The Widgeon Point Charitable Foundation.

Identifier:

AAA.saarlili

See more items in:

Lilian Swann Saarinen papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-saarlili

Collection Creator:

Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this

Container:

Box 34, Folder 18

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1941-1977

Collection Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Processing of the collection was funded by the Getty Grant Program; digitization of the collection was funded by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.

See more items in:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records / Series 1: Correspondence / 1.3: General Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-jacqself-ref9655

Collection Creator:

Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this

Container:

Box 36, Folder 11

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1923-1936

Collection Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Processing of the collection was funded by the Getty Grant Program; digitization of the collection was funded by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.

See more items in:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records / Series 1: Correspondence / 1.3: General Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-jacqself-ref9706

Collection Creator:

Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this

Container:

Box 39, Folder 17

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1935-1951

Collection Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Processing of the collection was funded by the Getty Grant Program; digitization of the collection was funded by the Samuel H. Kress Foundation and the Terra Foundation for American Art. Glass plate negatives in this collection were digitized in 2019 with funding provided by the Smithsonian Women's Committee.

See more items in:

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records

Jacques Seligmann & Co. records / Series 1: Correspondence / 1.3: General Correspondence

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-jacqself-ref9787

Collection Creator:

Milling, Thomas DeWitt, 1887-1960  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 7

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Collection Citation:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection, NASM.XXXX.0133, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection / Series 1: Personal

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0133-ref20

Collection Creator:

Milling, Thomas DeWitt, 1887-1960  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 8

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1911-1939

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Collection Citation:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection, NASM.XXXX.0133, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection / Series 1: Personal

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0133-ref21

Collection Creator:

Milling, Thomas DeWitt, 1887-1960  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 10

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1911-1913

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Collection Citation:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection, NASM.XXXX.0133, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection / Series 2: Career

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0133-ref23

Collection Creator:

Milling, Thomas DeWitt, 1887-1960  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1920-1930

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Collection Citation:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection, NASM.XXXX.0133, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection

Thomas DeWitt Milling Collection / Series 2: Career

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0133-ref24