Photographs documenting Native American Public Programs events, including images of Native American artists and examples of their work during demonstrations and lectures at the National Museum of Natural History. Photographs were mostly made by Smithsonian photographers, including Carl C. Hansen, Richard Strauss, Chip Clark, Laurie Minor-Penland, Eric Long, Alan Hart, Rick Vargas, Dane Penland, and Christina Taccone. Included are a large number of photographs of Don Tenoso (Hunkpapa), an artist-in-residence at the National Museum of Natural History, and performances by James Luna (Luiseno/Digueno), Guillermo Gomez-Pena (Chicano), and Coco Fusco. Crafts and arts depicted include beadwork, basket weaving, dollmaking, peyote fanmaking, weaving, hand games, quilting, clothing making, leatherwork, woodcarving, saddlemaking, sculpture, painting, story-telling, and performance art. There are also images of Dolores Lewis Garcia and Emma Lewis Garcia (daughters of Acoma potter Lucy M. Lewis) and their pottery, Joallyn Archambault with artists, and the 1990 American Indian Theater Company reception.
Other depicted artists include Maynard White Owl Lavadour (Cayuse/Nez Perce), Evangeline Talshaftewa (Hopi), Lisa Fritzler (Crow), Marian Hanssen, Vanessa Morgan (Kiowa/Pima), Marty Good Bear (Mandan/Hidatsa), Katie Henio and Sarah Adeky (Navajo), Geneva Lofton and Lee Dixon (Luiseno), Chris Devers (Luiseno), Mary Good Bear (Mandan), Robert and Alice Little Man (Kiowa), Lisa Watt (Seneca), Jay McGirt (Creek), Bill Crouse (Seneca), Kevin Johnny-John (Onondaga), Rose Anderson (Pomo), Francys Sherman and Margaret Hill (Mono), Thelene Albert and Annie Bourke (White Mountain Apache), Bob Tenequer (Laguna), Jimmy Abeyeta (Navajo), Lou Ann Reed (Acoma), Melissa Peterson (Makah), Jennifer and Kallie Keams Musial (Navajo), Joyce Growing Thunder-Fogarty and Juanita Fogarty (Assiniboine/Sioux), David Neel (Kwakiutal), Mervin Ringlero (Pima), Jhon Goes-In-Center (Oglala), D. Montour (Delaware/Mohawk), Rikki Francisco (Pima), Annie Antone (Papago), Angie Reano-Owen (Santo Domingo Pueblo), Carol Vigil (Jemez), Gregg Baurland (Miniconjou), Greg Colfax (Makah), Lydia Whirlwind-Soldier (Sicangu Dakota), Martin Red Bear (Oglala), Michael Rogers (Paiute), Alta Rogers (Yurok/Paiute), Dorothy Stanley (Miwok), Lisa Little Chief (Dakota), Tom Haukaas (Sicangu Dakota), Nora Navanjo-Morsie (Santa Clara Tewa), Seneca Women's Singing Society, Molly Blankenship and Martha Ross (Eastern Cherokee), Julia Parker (Miwok/Pomo), Candy and Claudia Cellicion (Zuni), Sally and Lorraine Black (Navajo), Carmen Quinto-Plunkett (Tlingit), Ina McNeil (Hunkpapa), and Ellen and Faye Quandelancy (Zuni), and Rikki Francisco (Pima).
Biographical/Historical note:
Native American Public Programs was founded in 1989 as a part of the Department of Education in the National Museum of Natural History. Under the directorship of Aleta Ringlero, its main activity was the arranging of demonstrations by Native American artists and craftsmen in the exhibition areas of the museum.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 91-26
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Audio of James Luna's lecture for the Native American Public Programs office held in National Anthropological Archives in MS 7514.
Dolls made by Don Tenoso for the Native American Public Programs office held in Department of Anthropology collections in accession 390905.
Additional photographs of Tenoso held in the Smithsonian Institution Archives in SIA2009-2222 and 90-13726.
Photo Lot 91-26, Native American Public Programs photograph collection relating to Native American artists and art, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Photographs made as part of Joseph C. Farber's project to document modern NAtive American everyday life. Represented tribes include the Acoma, Apache, Blackfoot, Chehalis, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chippewa, Cocopa, Dakota, Eskimo, Haida, Kiowa, Kutenai, Lummi, Mohave, Mohawk, Navaho, Northern Athabascan, Onandaga, Pima, Pueblo, Quinalt, Seminole, Taos, Tlingit, and Zuni. Subject coverage is broad and varies from tribe to tribe. Included are portraits, as well as totem poles, carving, weaving, pottery, painitng, landscapes, boats and canoes, ceremonial regalia, camps, classes and vocational training, homes and traditional dwellings, construction projects, rodeos and powwows, dances, industries (including lumber), herding and ranching, agriculture, stores and storefronts, cliff dwellings, parades, crab cleaning, fishing, games, health care, legal processes, music, office work, sewing, vending, and a funeral. There are also photographs of R. C. Gorman (and a letter from Gorman to Farber) and Fritz Shoulder (some in color).
Farber's travels included Alaska (Point Barrow, Dead Horse, Glacier Bay, Haines, Hoona, Hydaberg, Ketchikan, Mount McKinley, Prudhoe Bay, Saxman, and Sitka); Alberta (Blackfeet Reservation); Arizona (Canyon de Chelly, Cocopa Reservation, Flagstaff, Kayenta, Monument Valley, Pima Reservation, Quechan Reservation, Mojave Reservation, and Yuma); California (Alcatraz, Oakland, and San Francisco); Florida (Big Cypress Reservation; Miccosukee Reservation); Minnesota (Minneapolis and Nett Lake); Montana (Northern Cheyenne Reservation); New Mexico (Acoma, Gallup, Navajo Forest, Picuris, Puye, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, Santa Fe, Taos, San Ildefonso, Santa Clara, and Tesuque); New York (New York City and Onandaga Reservation); North Carolina (Cherokee Reservation); Oklahoma (Anadarko, Apache, Lawton, Stilwell, and Tahlequah); South Dakota (Rosebud and Wounded Knee); and Washington (Lummi Reservation, Nisqually River, Puyallup River, and Quinalt Reservation).
Biographical/Historical note:
Joseph C. Farber (1903-1994) was a successful New York businessman and professional photographer. He studied with Edward Steichen at the New York Camera Club in the 1920s. The prints in this collection resulted from a five-year project that involved travelling to Native communities throughout the United States to document modern Native American life. The project resulted in a book, Native Americans: 500 Years After (1975), as well as exhibits, including one in the National Museum of Natural History in 1976-1977.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 78-1, NAA ACC 95-3
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Farber's photographs, previously located in Photo Lot 95-3 have been relocated and merged with Photo Lot 78-1. These photographs were also made by Joseph C. Farber and form part of this collection.
The National Museum of American History Archives Center holds the Joseph Farber Papers and Photographs, circa 1962-1990.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Photographs published in Farber's books still under copyright. Reproduction permission from artist's estate.
These papers reflect the professional lives of Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838-1923), an ethnologist with the Peabody Museum of Harvard and collaborator with the Bureau of American Ethnology, and Francis La Flesche (1856-1923), an anthropologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Due to the close professional and personal relationship of Fletcher and La Flesche, their papers have been arranged jointly. The papers cover the period from 1874 to 1939. Included in the collection is correspondence, personal diaries, lectures, field notes and other ethnographic papers, drafts, musical transcriptions, publications by various authors, maps and photographs.
Scope and Contents:
These papers reflect the professional lives of Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838-1923), an ethnologist with the Peabody Museum of Harvard University and collaborator with the Bureau of American Ethnology, and Francis La Flesche (1856-1923), an anthropologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Due to the close professional and personal relationship of Fletcher and La Flesche, their papers have been arranged jointly. The papers cover the period from 1874 to 1939. Included in the collection is correspondence, personal diaries, lectures, field notes and other ethnographic papers, drafts, musical transcriptions, publications by various authors, maps and photographs.
The papers have been divided into three general categories: the papers of Alice Cunningham Fletcher, the papers of Francis La Flesche, and the ethnographic research of Fletcher and La Flesche. The first two categories represent personal and professional materials of Fletcher and La Flesche. The third section holds the majority of the ethnographic material in the collection.
Of primary concern are Fletcher and La Flesche's ethnological investigations conducted among the Plains Indians, particularly the Omaha and Osage. Fletcher's Pawnee field research and her allotment work for the Bureau of Indian Affairs among the Omaha, Nez Perce, and Winnebago are represented in the collection. A substantial portion of the ethnographic material reflects Fletcher and La Flesche's studies of Native American music. Much of the correspondence in the papers of Fletcher and La Flesche is rich with information about the situation of Omaha peoples in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Also included in the collection are documents related to Fletcher's work with the Archaeological Institute of America and the School for American Archaeology. Additionally, substantial amounts of Fletcher's early anthropological and historical research are found among her correspondence, lectures, anthropological notes, and early field diaries. La Flesche's literary efforts are also generously represented.
Arrangement:
The collection is divided into the following 3 series: 1) Alice Cunningham Fletcher papers, 1873-1925; 2) Francis La Flesche papers, 1881-1930; 3) Papers relating to the anthropological research of Alice Fletcher and Francis La Flesche, 1877-1939.
Series 1: Alice Cunningham Fletcher papers is divided into the following 10 subseries: 1.1) Incoming correspondence, 1874-1923 (bulk 1882-1923); 1.2) Outgoing correspondence, 1873-1921; 1.3) Correspondence on specific subjects, 1881-1925; 1.4) Correspondence between Fletcher and La Flesche, 1895-1922; 1.5) Publications, 1882-1920; 1.6) Organizational records, 1904-1921; 1.7) General anthropological notes, undated; 1.8) Lectures, circa 1878-1910; 1.9) Diaries, 1881-1922; 1.10) Biography and memorabilia, 1878-1925.
Series 2: Francis La Flesche papers is divided into the following 6 subseries: 2.11) General correspondence, 1890-1929; 2.12) Correspondence on specific subjects, 1881-1930; 2.13) Publications, 1900-1927; 2.14) Literary efforts, undated; 2.15) Personal diaries, 1883-1924; 2.16) Biography and memorabilia, 1886-1930.
Series 3: Papers relating to the anthropological research of Alice Fletcher and Francis La Flesche is divided into the following 12 subseries: 3.17) Alaska, 1886-1887; 3.18) Earth lodges, 1882, 1898-1899; 3.19) Music, 1888-1918; 3.20) Nez Perce, 1889-1909; 3.21) Omaha, 1882-1922; 3.22) Osage, 1896-1939; 3.23) Pawnee, 1897-1910; 3.24) Pipes, undated; 3.25) Sioux, 1877-1896; 3.26) Other tribes, 1882-1922; 3.27) Publications collected, 1884-1905, undated; 3.28) Photographs, undated.
Biographical / Historical:
Alice Cunningham Fletcher (1838-1923) was an ethnologist with the Peabody Museum of Harvard and collaborator with the Bureau of American Ethnology. Francis La Flesche (1856-1923) was an anthropologist with the Bureau of American Ethnology.
Chronology of the Life of Alice Cunningham Fletcher
1838 March 15 -- Born in Havana, Cuba
1873-1876 -- Secretary, American Association for Advancement of Women
1879 -- Informal student of anthropology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University
1881 -- Field trip to Omaha and Rosebud Agencies
1882 -- Assistant in ethnology, Peabody Museum, Harvard University
1882 -- Helped secure land in severalty to Omaha Indians
1882-1883 -- Begins collaboration with Francis La Flesche on the Peabody Museum's collection of Omaha and Sioux artifacts
1883-1884 -- Special Agent, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Omaha Agency
1886 -- Bureau of Education investigation of Alaskan native education
1887-1888 -- Special Disbursing Agent, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Winnebago Agency
1889-1892 -- Special Agent for allotment, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Nez Perce Agency
1890-1899 -- President, Women's Anthropological Society of America
1891-1923 -- Mary Copley Thaw Fellow, Peabody Museum, Harvard University
1892-1893 -- Department of Interior consultant, World's Columbian Exposition
1896 -- Vice-President, Section H, American Association for the Advancement of Science
1897 -- Collaborator, Bureau of American Ethnology
1899-1916 -- Editorial board, American Anthropologist
1900 -- Published Indian Story and Song from North America
1901-1902 -- Advisory committee, Anthropology Department, University of California at Berkeley
1903 -- President, Anthropological Society of Washington
1904 -- Published The Hako: A Pawnee Ceremony with James Murie
1908-1913 -- Chair, Managing Committee of School of American Archaeology
1911 -- Honorary Vice-President, Section H, British Association for Advancement of Science
1911 -- Published The Omaha Tribe with Francis La Flesche
1913 -- Chair Emeritus, Managing Committee of School of American Archaeology
1915 -- Published Indian Games and Dances with Native Songs Arranged from American Indian Ceremonials and Sports
1923 April 6 -- Died in Washington, D.C.
Chronology of the Life of Francis La Flesche
1857 December 25 -- Born on Omaha Reservation near Macy, Nebraska
1879 -- Lecture tour, Ponca chief Standing Bear
1881 -- Interpreter, Senate Committee on Indian Affairs
1881-1910 -- Clerk, Bureau of Indian Affairs
1891 -- Informally adopted as Fletcher's son
1892 -- LL.B., National University Law School
1893 -- LL.M., National University Law School
1900 -- Published The Middle Five: Indian Boys at School
1906-1908 -- Marriage to Rosa Bourassa
1910-1929 -- Ethnologist, Bureau of American Ethnology
1911 -- Published The Omaha Tribe with Alice Fletcher
1921 -- Published The Osage Tribe, Part One
1922 -- Member, National Academy of Sciences
1922-1923 -- President, Anthropological Society of Washington
1925 -- Published The Osage Tribe, Part Two
1926 -- Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of Nebraska
1928 -- Published The Osage Tribe, Part Three
1932 -- Published Dictionary of the Osage Language
1932 September 5 -- Died in Thurston County, Nebraska
1939 -- Posthumous publication of War Ceremony and Peace Ceremony of the Osage Indians
Related Materials:
Additional material related to the professional work of Fletcher and La Flesche in the National Anthropological Archives may be found among the correspondence of the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) and the records of the Anthropological Society of Washington.
Sound recordings made by Fletcher and La Flesche can be found at the Library of Congress. The National Archives Records Administration hold the Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), including those relating to allotments in severalty for the Nez Perce by Alice Fletcher. The Nebraska Historical Society has diaries, letters and clippings regarding the La Flesche family, including correspondence of Francis La Flesche and Fletcher. The Radcliffe College Archives holds a manuscript account of Alice Fletcher's four summers with the Nez Perce (1889-1892). Correspondence between Fletcher and F. W. Putnam is also located at the Peabody Museum Archives of Harvard University.
Separated Materials:
Ethnographic photographs from the collection have been catalogued by tribe in Photo Lot 24.
Glass plate negatives from the collection have been catalogued by tribe in the BAE glass negatives collection (Negative Numbers 4439-4515).
Provenance:
The papers of Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche have been received from an undocumented number of sources. Portions of Fletcher's ethnographic papers were donated to the archives by Mrs. G. David Pearlman in memory of her husband in 1959.
Restrictions:
The Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers are open for research.
Access to the Alice Cunningham Fletcher and Francis La Flesche papers requires an appointment.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
The continuing traditions of the original inhabitants of this nation were presented in the Native Americans area by representatives of the more than 200 Native American communities throughout the United States. Working with the Smithsonian, they had examined their traditions and created the programs, speaking to their way of life today and their hopes for the future.
The Native Americans area was designed with Native traditions in mind. The entire area lay within a circle that represented the wholeness of life, emphasizing that, in Native philosophy, everything is interrelated. A corn field formed the outlying circle; corn, the contribution of Native Americans to the peoples of the world, is regarded as the gift of Mother Earth. With squash and beans sharing the field, the entire area was thus surrounded by the three staple foods of the Southwest, the "three sisters" of the Iroquois. The Learning Center, designed by architect Dennis Sun Rhodes, Arapaho, faces East, the direction of sunrise and of life, and visitors were intended to proceed inside sunwise, in a circle. In its design and in its presentations of music, crafts, dance, and discussion, the Native Americans area honored the first Americans.
Building upon six years of programming during preceding Festivals, the Bicentennial presentations presented a region-by-region overview of American Indian folklife:
July 1-5, Southeast (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Tuscarora, Muskogee, Tunica-Biloxi of Louisiana, Mattaponi, Houma Tribe of Louisiana, Alabama Creek, Lumbee)
July 28-August 1, Northwest Coast (Alaska Federation of Natives, Confederated Tribes of Siletz, Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Indian Reservation)
August 4-8, Southwest (San Juan Pueblo, Navaho, White Mountain Apache, Comanche)
August 11-15, Plateau (Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation, Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation, Ute, Klamath)
August 18-22, Basin (Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, Washo, Western Shoshone, Walker River Paiute)
August 25-29, Northern California (Miwok, Wintun, Pomo, Yurok, Karok, Tolowa, Hupa, Klamath, Tchinook, Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla, Quileute)
September 2-6, Arctic (Alaska Federation of Natives)
Lucille Dawson served as program coordinator, assisted by Thomas Kavanagh. The multi-year program was shaped by the Native Americans Advisory Group, including Louis Bruce, Rayna Green, Dell Hymes, Clydia Nahwooksy, Alfonso Ortiz, and William Sturtevant.
Participants:
Northeast
Six Nations, Iroquois
Mohawk
Mary Adams, basket maker
Mike Adams, basket maker
Sally Ann Adams, basket maker
Richard Hill, headdress maker
Stan Hill, bone carver
Tammy Hill, craft sales
Mary Longboat, cornhusk worker
Margaret Torrence, basket maker
Cam Wilson, silversmith
Mark Wilson, craft sales
Wanda Wilson, dancer
Oneida
Eula Chrisjohn, cornhusk worker
Irving Chrisjohn, cornhusk worker
Richard Chrisjohn, Sr., wood carver
Richard Chrisjohn, Jr., wood carver
Onondaga
Andrea Jimerson, dancer
Marty Jimerson, dancer
Huron Miller, project coordinator
James Skye, wood carver
Guy Williams, dancer
Ruby Williams, dancer
Tim Williams, dancer
Seneca
Helen Harris, dancer
Linda Harris, dancer
Philman Harris, drum and rattle maker
Steve Harris, dancer
Hazel Jimerson, dancer
Lester Jimerson, dancer
Mamie Jones, dancer
Paul Jones, dancer
Kevin Johnny John, dancer
Mike Johnny John, dancer
Vera Miller, beadworker
Rodney Pierce, dancer
Marlene Thomas, dancer
Hazel Thompson, gancer
Phillip Thompson, dancer
Natie Watt, basket maker
Ruth Watt, basket maker
Tuscarora
Louise Henry, beadworker
Oscar Moses, Lacrosse stick maker
Kevin Patterson, Lacrosse stick maker
Wes Patterson, Lacrosse stick maker
Edward Sayer, finger weaving
Wilmer Wilson, 1925-2002, craft sales manager
Algonkian
Chuck Comanda, canoe maker
Mary Comanda, canoe maker
William Comanda, canoe maker
Ojibwa
Audrey Pawis, quill worker
Discussants
Asenith D. Vogt, coordinator
Joseph A. Nicholas, discussant, Passamaquoddy
Andy Akins, discussant, Penobscot
Charles Jennings, discussant, Penobscot
Brian Miles, discussant, Pequot
Eva Smith, discussant, Shinnecock
Diane Bess, discussant, Shinnecock
Lois Wilcox, discussant, Hassanamisco
Kenneth Clark, discussant, Nanticoke
Kathy Clark, discussant, Nanticoke
Jody Hale, discussant, Susquehanna
Lydia Hale, discussant, Susquehanna
Edith Andrews, discussant, Wampanoag
Naomi Andrews, discussant, Wampanoag
Alberta Wilcox, discussant, Narragansett
Lloyd Wilcox, discussant, Narragansett
Helen Attaquin, discussant, Gay Head, Aquinnah Wampanoag
Mother Helen Attaquin, discussant, Gay Head, Aquinnah Wampanoag
Stilson Fands, discussant, Mohegan
Trudy Lamb, discussant, Schaghticoke
George Mitchell, Commissioner of Indian Affairs for the State of Maine
Southeast
Cherokee
Wanda Barr, dance leader
Mike Daniels, pottery
Cecil Hall, discussant
Don Mabray, discussant
Frank Mclemore, discussant
Eva Nordwell, discussant
Eunice Old Field, weaver
Knohovtee Scott, jewelry, silversmith
Ross Swimmer, discussant
Dick Spahr, head cook
Mary Lou Spahr, cook
Mrs. Ross Swimmer, discussant
Anicl Barr, dancer
Sheila Barr, dancer
Brenda Johnson, dancer
Jeanette Reese, dancer
Gina Pritchett, dancer
Michelle Ummtukee, dancer
Chickasaw
Aaron Christy, guide
Hazel Christy, dancer, beadwork
Overton James, discussant
Emma Mose, dancer
Buster Ned, dancer
Calvin Ned, dancer
Rhonda Ned, dancer
Wanda Ned, dancer, beadwork
Bienum Pickens, dancer, stickball, drummer
Adam Sampson, singer, dancer, stickball
Richard Sampson, dancer, stickball
Junior Thomas, dancer
Mary Wallace, dancer
Mrs. Overton James
Choctaw
Clelland Billy, stickball
Glendale Billy, food, cook
David Gardner, discussant
Lucinda Gibson, arts and crafts
Eula Goings, cook
Hugh Jefferson, stickball, discussant
Ray Jefferson, stickball
Louise Isscomer, beading
Myrtle Lowman, basket weaving
Sherrin Matlock, discussant
Mrs. David Gardner, discussant
Creek
Claude Cox, discussant
Paul Culley, 1925-, dancer
Wynena Evans, beadwork, singer
Brian Fife, dancer, discussant
Margaret Freeman, cook
Hepsey Gilroy, looming, dancer
Solomon McCombs, artist
Buddy Scott, silversmith, dancer
Genda Scott, basket weaving, dancer
Gene Timothy, discussant, food, Lacrosse
Mrs. Claude Cox, discussant
Seminole
Beulah Bemo, arts and crafts
Mallene Davis, singer, dancer; Miss Indian Oklahoma
Joyce "Doc" Tate Nevaquaya, 1932-1996, flute player, dancer, artist
Jermone Tahawah, singer
May Tonips, beadworker, graphics, sculptor
Rick Tosee, dancer
George Wallace, singer
Juanita Wallace, singer
Eva Watchataker, beadworker
George "Woogee" Watchataker, dancer, flute player
Junior Weryackwe
Eva Weryackwe
Patricia Whitewolf, shawl maker
Sheryle Whitewolf, dancer
Elmer Winnerchy, 1917-1986, singer
Evelyn Winnerchy, 1917-1996, dancer
Prairie
Sac & Fox Tribe
Bill Grass
John Gakey
Shannon Franklin
Omer Jefferson, Jr.
Kate Walker
Winnie Gibson
Delphine Foreman
Sarah Riley
Sharon Byers
Bill Foreman
Jerry Nanaeto
Kimberly Nanaeto
Harriet Nanaeto
Barbara Hawkins
Kartherine Franklin
Ronnie Harris
Sandy Harris
R.J. Harris
Merle Boyd
Tammy Boyd
Pamela Boyd
Mabel Harris
George Harris
Leona Starr
Jimmy Starr
James L. Starr
Leota Black
Carl Butler
Cecil Littlehead
Clarissa Littlehead
Oma Patrick
Irene Harris
Georgianna LeClair
Teresa LeClair
Larry Blanchard
Linda Standing
Karen "Candy" Hunter
Henry O. Hunter
Douglas Franklin
Dino Riley
George Switch
Jessica Patterson
Muriel Patterson
Valerie Patterson
Carol Patterson
Frances Coker
Richard Mullake
Kay Kay Goodeagle
Mary Clark
Donald Marland
Mary Mack
Guy Wakalee
Huge Wakalee
Marilyn Thurman
Herschel Tiger
Jack Thorpe
Lee Bass, Jr.
Elmer Manatowa, Jr.
Northern Plains
Northern Cheyenne
Harry Littlebird, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Annie Joyce Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Richard Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game
Serena Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Limona Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Rose Ann Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Ginger Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Theresa Brady, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, cook
Curtis Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game
Steve Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game
Eggonn Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game
Elsie Wick, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Donna Wick, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Christine Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
James Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Dennis Wick, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Ernest King, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Grover Wolfvoice, 1890-1978, hand game, arts & crafts
Dale Brady, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Joe Lonewolf, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, singer
Crawford Lonewolf, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, singer
Charles Brady, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Arnie Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Hilda Manley, dance, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
James Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Harriet Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Geofredo Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, singer
Clinton Birdhat, dancer, hand game, singer
Marlene Belly Mule, dancer, gourd dance, arts & crafts, cook
Ruth Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Stacey Gwen Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts
Rose Medicine Elk, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
John Medicine Elk, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
John Killsontop, Sr., gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Rose Killsontop, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Mike Bearcamesout, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Robert Bearchum, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Robert Redwoman, hand game, arts -- & -- crafts, singer
Mary Redwoman, hand game, arts & crafts, cook
Elmer Fightingbear, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Tommy Rockroads, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Dave Glenmora, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Wilson Brady, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Tim Littleboy, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts
Webby Runsabove, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Billy Runsabove, dancer, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Fernando Littlebird, dancer, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer
Steve Littlebird, gourd dance, hand game, arts & crafts, singer, coordinator
Northwest Coast
Les Houck
Merle Holmes
Charles Rick
Charles McKnight
Edmund Ben
Delores Pigsley
Archie Ben
Paul Jackson
Shirley Walker
Raymond Ben
Judy McKnight
Melvin McKnight
Bunni Houck
Jerry Running Foxe
Paulene Rick
Joe McKnight
Randy Rick
Boby Dumont
Victoria Ben
Dave Harley
Carlene Easter
Delbert Bell
Caroline Easter
Alaska Federation of Natives
Judy Brady
Herman Davis
Ruth Farquhar
Sharon Frank
Larry Garrity
Laura Eliz Joseph
Larry Judy
Alice Kitka
Marla Kitka
Donna Lang
Dorothy Lord
Tim McGraw
Lillian Nielsen
Mike Spoon
Martin Strand, Jr.
Martina Strand
Marlene Thomas
Cynthia Williams
Ethel Williams
Karin Williams
Janice Williams
Isabella Brady
Ethel Makinen
George Ramos
Marie Thiemeyer
Margy Johnson
Southwest
Amos Beatty
Jimmy Thompson
Charles Henry
Ron Quay
Wilkie Dazen
John Chissay
Mike Cooley
Pat Cooley
Bruce Cooley
Theresa Truesdell
Myrna Tessay
Wilfred Peaches
Manuelita Early
Jerry Lupe
Mike Truesdell
Bernice Endfield
Lula Machuse
Azlie Lupe
Pheobe Gooday
Nelson Lupe, Sr.
Shirleen Bullock
Beverly Machuse
June Marie Dale
Ophelia Peaches
Maria Endfield
Umatilla
Traditional Long House Group from Pendleton, Oregon
Edith K. McCloud, narrator, bead worker
Lillian E. Hoptowit, craftsperson, bead worker
Terry L. Hoptowit, dancer
Rosie McCloud, dancer
Eliza B. Nez, dancer
Joseph P. Tias, dancer
Bernadette B. Nez, dancer
Anthony G. Hoptowit Sr., crafts
Anna Marie Brown, buckskin worker
James Hoptowit, dancer
Donna B. Nikolaide, dancer, assist.
Willard D. Showay, singer
Arthur Williams, singer, crafts-beadwork
Lonnie R. Selam Sr., singer
William A. Johnson Sr., feather worker
Mrs. Arthur Williams, bead worker
Phillip Jackson, dancer, assist.
Eliza Bill, coordinator
Norma June Mosquito, dancer
Beksee Mosquito, singer, drummer
John Willard Hoptowit, dancer
Maisie McCloud, dancer
David Dean McKay, dancer
Babette Cowapoo, dancer
Ellen Taylor, dancer
Julie Taylor, dancer
Alberta Taylor, dancer
Ellen Johnson, bead worker
Cidric Bill, dancer
Anthony G. Hoptowit Jr., dancer
Emile Bill, dancer
Robert Bill, dancer
Sheila Bill, dancer
Sonny Gail McCloud, dancer
Angie McCloud, dancer
Raphael Bill, dancer, assist.
Veva E. Bill, storyteller
Sylvester Selam, dancer
Gabriel Selam, singer
Sandy Sampson, dancer, narrator, sign language
The Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakima Indian Nation of Toppenash, Washington will also be featured. Simon Sampson is the coordinator.
We will feature the Ute Reservation led by Gwen Mojado, the Inter-Tribal Council of Nevada led by Harold Wyatt, and the Klamath Tribe of Oregon led by Leonard Norris.
Northern California
Miwok Tribe
William Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Cora Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Margaret Villa, dancer, lecturer, jewelry maker
Theresa Coy, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Carl Mathiesen, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Inez Mathiesen, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
David Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Ronnie Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
James Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Norman Franklin, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Robert Coy, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Elaine Barber, dancer, lecturer, hand game player
Dorothy Stanley, food demonstration, lecturer
Dwight Zutchke, dancer, lecturer
Wintun Tribe
Mary Norton, food sales
Frances McDaniel, basket maker
Pomo Tribe
Elsie Allen, 1899-1990, basket maker, Ukiah, California
Yurok Tribe
Elaine Glairy, jewelry maker
Mary Birchfield, food sales
Ollie Foseide, 1921-, basket maker, Hoopa, California
Warren Abbott, food sales, dancer
Lareta James, dancer, singer
Dewey George, 1899-1985, boat maker, dance leader, McKinleyville, California
Rosie Silva, dancer, singer
Julius Aubrey, boat making assistant, dancer
Oscar Taylor, net maker, singer, dancer
Eileen Figueroa, basket maker, singer
Sam Jones, 1913-1996, stick game player
Mark Sundberg, stick game player, dancer, canoe assistant
Lisa Sundberg, dancer, jewelry maker
Joy Sundberg, Northern California coordinator, lecturer
Karok Tribe
Charlie Tom, singer, drummer, dancer
Jo Peters, 1923-, jewelry maker, basket maker, lecturer, Hoopa, California
Tammy Peters, dancer, jewelry maker
Laura George, guide, assistant
Lorna Dodge, lecturer, guide, assistant
Tolowa Tribe
Billy Richards, dancer
Mark Richards, dancer
Nicole Richards, dancer
Loren Bommelyn, 1956-, lead singer, Fort Dick, California
Fred Moorehead, lead singer
Betty Green, dance assistant
Kim Richards, dancer
Tanya Richards, dancer
Ronnie Richards, dancer
Marvin Richards, dancer
Denise Lopez, dancer, guide
Denise Richards, dancer, guide
Pam Mattz, dancer
Joan Richards, food sales
Darlene Richards, food sales
Lorene Richards, dancer
William Richards, food sales
Viola Richards, food sales
Bill Bommelyn, dancer
Walter Richards, singer
Lila Moorehead, sand bread maker, cook
Hupa Tribe
Merve George, band leader, dancer
Eleanor Abbott, language class leader
Andy Andrioli, lecturer, guitar player, dancer
Kim Yerton, dancer, learning center assistant
Janice Yerton, learning center assistant
Endora Saxson, dancer
Mike Waterman, drummer
Doug Duncan, lead guitar player
George Disdy, guitar player
Ann Taylor, assistant
Pat Andrioli, assistant
Paiute Tribe
Joseph Saulque, lecturer, historian
Film and Video Presentation
Vern Korbe
Carol Korbe
Dick O'Rourke
Lorraine O'Rourke
Brian Tripp
Dolly Tripp
Daniel O'Rourke
Klamath Tribe
Leonard Norris, Jr., Coordinator
Cecil L. Gallagher
Nick Kimbal
Charlie Bates
Rhonda Jimenez
LaNell L. Jackson
Rose Mary Tree Top
Jean Tina Bates
Bill L. Jackson
Anna Marie Jackson
Valgene Teeman
Marc McNair
Tchinook Tribe of Oregon
Karleen F. McKenzie
Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla
Leslie Minthorn, Coordinator
Quileute Tribe
Robert Bojorcas, 1943-, Coordinator, Eugene, Oregon
Collection Restrictions:
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1976 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
Beginning with the first Festival in 1967, Native American presentations demonstrated the vitality of craft traditions, culinary arts, song and dance, and folklore. The 1974 Native American program marked the fifth year in a series of regional programs, to culminate in the Bicentennial Festival in 1976 with a comprehensive national program. More than 90 participants joined the Festival, primarily from the Western States of California, Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Colorado; special programs on sports and games brought tribal members from elsewhere in the country.
Among the tribes participating in the 1974 Festival were (from California) the Tolowa, Pomo, Hoopa, Yurok, Karok, Luiseno, Maidu, Cahuilla, as well as (from the Basin and Plateau States) Paiute, Shoshone, Kaibab, Northern Ute, Ute Mountain, Southern Ute, and Nez Perce. Sports and games were presented by Creek, Cherokee, Eskimo, Acoma, Athabaskan, Jemez, and Laguna participants. Pomo basket makers, Karok netmakers, Yurok canoe carvers, a Tolowa reed boat weaver, and cooks from Yurok, Hoopa, Karok and Cahuilla tribes of California demonstrated crafts and foodways.
Performances took place in a California plank house and a Basin/Plateau tipi, with workshops and discussions in a Learning Center, and sports and games in a dedicated area. The Learning Center was a multimedia venue designed as an introduction to contemporary Indian communities and their traditional backgrounds. Such topics as the Indian Family, Native Community, and Contributions to America were discussed by participants, while Festival visitors could attend language classes, learn Indian songs, and view photographs of contemporary and historic Native Americans.
Carole Parker served as program coordinator, assisted by Thomas Kavanagh; the California program was coordinated by Joy Sundberg (Yurok); the Basin/Plateau program, by Jim Jefferson (Southern Ute); and the sports and games, by Matt Waconda and Ethan Bigpond. The multi-year program was shaped by the Native Americans Advisory Group, including Louis Bruce, Clydia Nahwooksy, Dell Hymes, William Sturtevant, Samuel Stanley, Herman Viola, Carnes Burson, and Robert Byington. Major sponsors for the 1974 program included the Public Information Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs, the Department of the Army, the Coalition of Eastern Native Americans and the Louisiana Pacific Redwood Corporation.
The following year (1975) saw the last regional Native American program, with the Bicentennial Festival providing a national overview, including some participants who returned from previous years.
Participants:
California
Tolowa
Sheryl Bommelyn, dancer
Loren Bommelyn, dancer
Kara Brundin, dancer
Brenda Green, dancer
John Green, dancer, singer
Carl James, dancer
Samuel Lopez, 1886-1977, singer
Billy Richards, dancer
Mark Richards, dancer
Marvin Richards, dancer, singer
Nicole Richards, dancer, cook
Don Stunrick, dancer
Pomo
Elsie Allen, 1899-1990, basket maker
Dewey Barnes, 1932-2006, fishtrap maker
Rose Barnes, 1929-, dancer
Elvina Brown, dancer
James Brown II, dancer
James Brown III, dancer
Kenneth Fred, 1929-, singer, dancer
Bernadine Hopper, 1918-1999, dancer
Nelson Hopper, Pomo, shell jeweler, Finley, California
Hoopa
Eleanor Abbott, basket maker
Warren Abbott, dancer
Anthony Risling, 1912-2004, fishnet maker
Yurok
George Blake, bow maker, Eureka, California
Ella Johnson, basket maker
Sam Jones, 1913-1996, salmon cook
Walter Lara, Yurok, canoe carver, Eureka, California
Ella Norris, 1892-1982, Wiyot-Yurok, salmon cook, Crescent City, California
Josephine Peters, 1923-2011, jeweler
Pamela Peters, dancer
Mark Sundberg, dancer
Lisa Sundberg, cook, dancer
Tom Williams, canoe carver
Karok
Francis Davis, Sr., 1929-, fishnet maker
Luiseno
Villiana Hyde, 1903-1994, discussant
Maidu
Gladys Mankins, 1912-1985, bead worker, dancer
Seymore Smith, 1891-, singer
Cahuilla
Katherine Saubel, cook
Basin/Plateau
Paiute
Marie Brown, bead worker, cook
Stannard Frank, 1923-1989, discussant
Lily George, 1911-1977, Paiute, tule boat maker, Ely, Nevada
Gordon Joe, 1955-, Acoma, track runner, Paraje, New Mexico
Athabaskan
Fred Titus, sports
Jemez
Steven Gachupin, 1942-, Jemez, track coach, Jemez Pueblo, New Mexico
Laguna
Emmet Hunt, 1948-, Laguna-Acoma, cross country coach, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Bruce Allen Romero, 1959-, track, Paguate, New Mexico
Meldon R. Sanchez, 1959-, runner, San Fidel, New Mexico
Collection Restrictions:
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1974 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Pages
Folklore
Date:
1887
Scope and Contents:
259 texts; numbers 189 and 253, as well as parts of 223 and 224 are by John Bruyier, 1888. Interlinear translations by Dorsey, aided by Bushotter and Bruyier.
Lakota text contents: 1. Sword Keeper and his brother. The latter meets Two Faces, a mythic giant. 8 pages and 3 pages (notes) and 1 page partial translation. 2. The Mythic Buffalo. 10 pages. 3. Two Faces. Explains the origin of arrows, pipes, axes, knife-sharpeners, beads, etc. 14 pages. 4. Three brothers who had a witch sister. 17 pages. (incomplete) 5. Children, a bad old woman cannibal, and Spider (the Mythic Trickster). 12 pages. 6. Spider, animals, and women. 15 pages and 6 pages. 7. A man and his ghost wife. 9 and 5 pages. 8. Two against one: a ghost story with a song. 10 pages. 9. A man, a female ghost, and a male ghost who wrestled with the man. 15 pages. 10. Ghost on the hill, who could not be hit by arrows. 8 pages. 11. Treatment of the sick, burial customs. 22 pages and 4 pages (notes) and 2 pages and 1 sketch. 12. The man who came to life again. 14 and 2 (translation) pages. Note by Bruyier at end. 13. The man and woman in the moon. 6 pages. 14. Man, two in the lodge, female ghost, and the friendly wolf. 8 pages. 15. The man who spared the wolf cubs. 11 pages. 16. The Thunder Being and the Unkcegila (a mastadon ?) 12 pages. 17. Waziya, the northern giant who brings snow. 4 pages. 18. Buffalo people who attacked the Indian people. 10 pages. 19. Spider and the land turtle. 29 pages. 20. The man and his two sons. 18 pages and 2 pages (notes). 21. The turtle who wished to fly. 10 pages. 22. The man who could become a grizzly bear. 6 pages. 23. How the Indians cured the sun. 3 pages. 24. Spider and the horned water monster. 7 pages. 25. The strange lake with large subaquatic animals. 6 pages. 26. The warrior surrounded by a serpent. 4 pages. 27. The one-eyed serpent with short legs and large body. 3 pages. 28. Why they pray to stones, the sun, etc. 9 pages.
29. The mountain in which was a large serpent.. 6 pages. 30. Adventures of a man and his wife.. 8 pages. 31. Spider and the Prairie Chicken. 6 pages. 32. Adventure of RAbbit Carrier. 6 pages. 33. The woman who turned to a fish from her waist down. 22 pages. 34. Spider and the Rabbit; how the latter made snow. 5 pages. 35. The male ghost and his living wife. 8 pages. 36. The man with the magic sword, and the one with the powerful breath. 6 pages. 37. Swift Runner (he who tied stones to his legs). 10 pages. 38. The man who was rescued by eaglets. 10 pages. 39. The Double-woman. 5 pages. 40. Spider and the mice. 14 pages. 41. Spider and the ducks--how they got red eyes. 13 pages and 1 sketch. 42. Spider and the Rabbit; how the latter lost his long tail. 11 pages. 43. The man who ressembled the man in the moon. 11 pages. 44. The young lover who was rescued by the girl. 12 pages. 45. The warriors who met Heyoka (Sunflower) who was singing and dancing. 2 pages. 46. The flying Santee (a ghoul). 8 pages. 47. How the Santees first saw buffalo. 8 pages. 48. How the Lakotas went against the Rees. 5 pages. 49. Adventures of the Short Man. 8 pages. 50. Smoke Maker's adventures: a war story. 7 pages. 51. Fight between the Lakota and the Blackfeet. 4 pages (incomplete) 52. Fight between two unarmed men and a grizzly bear. 8 pages. 53. Treatment of an Omaha spy caught by the Lakotas. 6 pages. 54. The wild man, a nude cannibal. 4 pages. 55. He who uses the earth as an ear. 7 pages. 56. Why horses are called, in Lakota, "mysterious dogs." 7 ages. 57. The man who could understand ravens. 5 pages. 58. Of the two small stones that were servants of the people. 6 pages. (Brief note at the end appears to be in Swanton's hand.) 59. The Wahanksica, a strange animal. 3 pages. 60. The animal in the Missouri River which breaks up the ice in the spring of the year. 4 pages.
61. How thw wind brought sickness to Medicine Butte Creek. 6 pages. 62. Beliefs about day and night. 6 pages. 63. The man in the forest and his contest with ghosts. 8 pages. 64. The feast in honor of the Anti-Natural God. 18 pages. 65. Of the Heyoka man who dreamed of his death by lightening. 13 pages. 66. Fight between the Lakota and the Blackfeet. 6 pages. 67. Of the mysteriousman who knew about the distant war party, 5 pages. 68. Of the wise man who caught his eloping wife. 8 pages. 69. How the Rees or Blackfeet came against the Lakotas. 5 pages. 70. Origin of the buffalo. 5 pages. 71. The Sun Dance. A. 98 pages and 3 figures. B. 9 pages. C. 4 pages. D. 7 pages and 1 diagram. E. 6 pages. F. 4 pages. G. 14 pages. H. 3 pages and 2 diagrams. I. 3 pages. 72. The man who could lengthen his arm at will. 7 pages. 73. What a young man must do before he can marry. 11 pages. 74. How the Crows surrounded some Lakotas. 12 pages. 75. A raid on a Lakota camp. 4 pages. 76. Story of a warrior who was not wounded. 9 pages. 77. Fight between the Lakota and white soldiers. 20 pages. 78. Of the Santees, and their fondness for certain foods. 4 pages. 79. What the Lakota thought of the first white people whom they saw. 13 pages. 80. Belief respecting lakes. 6 pages. 81. Belief about this world. 7 pages. 82. The calumet dance. 39 pages and 2 diagrams. 83. How they honor the dead (the Ghost Feast). 15 and 2 and 18 pages. 84. Men who are arrow and bullet proof. 8 pages. 85. Of love potions, etc. 5 pages. 86. The acts of a wounded warrior. 7 pages. 87. Actors clothed in buffalo robes with the hair out detect wrongdoers. 11 pages. 88. Those who imitate the elk. 14 pages. 89. Why a man may not speak to his mother in law. 11 pages. 90. Rules for feasting, smoking, and visiting. 11 pages. 91. Of certain boyish customs. 8 pages. 92. A ghost story. 7 pages. 93. Origin of the white people. 10 pages. 94. Games and their seasons. 10 pages. 95. Education of a boy. 10 pages. 96. Of youth killed in battle, and of his faithful horse. 12 pages. 97. The people who lived in the north. 7 pages and 2 sketches. 98. The ghost woman and the robin. 9 pages. Note at end by Bruyier. 99. The Flying serpent whose touch was fatal. 5 pages. 100. Origin of twins. 5 pages. 101. George Bushotter's autobiography. 117 pages. 102. Belief concerning a loved one who has been called by a ghost. 7 pages. 103. Fight between two gamblers near Chamberlain, Dakota. 7 pages.
104. The singing elk. 7 pages. 105. Belief about Spider. 9 pages. 106. War of the Lakota against the Omaha. 7 pages. 107. Narrow escape of Bark Bird's Tail (a Lakota). 5 pages. 108. Busnotter's cousin's war adventure. 11 pages. 109. How certain men (doctors, priests, etc.) have become mysterious. 16 pages. 110. How the Lakota fought the Cheyennes and Black Men (Commanches ?). 22 pages. 111. Rules of etiquette for brothers, sisters, cousins. 21 pages. 112. Ghost story. 5 pages. 113. The habits of beavers. 8 pages. 114. Spider and the old woman who fed all the animals. 24 pages. 115. The handsome man who was rescued from a pit by a wolf. 32 pages. 116. Trick of a myth-teller. 9 pages. 117. Of thistles. 4 pages. 118. How Indians regard the past and their ancestors. 22 pages. 119. The grass dance. 12 pages. 120. The Big Belly Society. 6 pages. 121. The Mandan Society. 10 pages. 122. "Following one another," a Lakota game. 7 pages. 123. "They make it run by pushing," a Lakota game. 46 pages and 2 (colored) diagrams. 124. Horse racing. 5 pages. 125. Hitting the moccasin, a game. 9 pages. 126. Shooting at the cactus, a gane. 5 pages. 127. Hitting the bow, a game. 5 pages. 128. Shooting at bunches of grass, a game. 5 pages. 129. Shooting at the lights of an animal, a game. 6 pages. 130. Taking captives from one another, a game. 9 pages. 131. Trampling on the beaver, a game. 6 pages. 132. "Howi ! Howi !" a ring game for boys or youths. 12 pages. 133. "They touch not one another," a game. 6 pages. 134. Game with a long grass which has a long, sharp beard. 6 pages. 135. The old woman accuses them," a game. 8 pages. 136. A game with slings. 5 pages. 137. "Goose and her children," a game. 10 pages. 138. Buffalo horn game. 7 and 1 page. 139. A stick which is hurled. 5 and 1 page and 2 figures. 140. "Making the wood dance by hitting it," a game. 8 pages. 41. "Making the wood jump by hitting it," a game. 8 pages. 142. "Making the bow glide by throwing," a game. 6 pages. 143. Coasting. 8 pages. 144. Game of ball. 12 pages. 145. "Shotting at an arrow set up," a game. 7 pages. 146. Grizzly bear game. 12 pages. 147. Deer game. 10 pages. 148. "Running towards one another," a game. 9 pages. 149. "They cause one another to carry packs on their backs," a game. 10 pages. 150. "They hit one another with mud," a game. 10 pages. 151. Hitting the ball, a game. 11 pages. 152. A game with a rawhide hoop. 43 pages and 2 figures. 153. Game of earthen horses. 8 pages. 154. "They slide by pushing," a game. 14 pages. 155. "They kick at one another," a game. 14 pages.
156. "The hoop is made to roll in the wind," a game. 9 pages. 157. [Popgun game.] Missing July, 1966. (not on microfilm made 1958) 1 page illustration found July, 1968. 158. Wrestling. 8 pages. 159. Courting the girls. 9 pages. 160. Game with bow and small wood-pointed arrows. 10 pages. 161. Swinging. 10 pages. 162. "Taking Places from one another," a game. 9 pages. 163. "Playing with small things," a game. 18 pages. 164. Pinching the backs of hands, a game. 11 pages. 165. "Scattering them," a game. 9 pages. 166. "Who shall get threr first," a game. 10 pages. 167. Hopping. 9 pages. 168. Throwing arrows by hand, at a target. 6 pages. 169. Ghost game. 21 pages. 170. Hide and seek. 13 pages. 171. Jumping down from a high object. 12 pages. 172. Plumstone game. 18 pages. 173. Odd or even ? A game with sticks. 12 pages. 174. Throwing chewed leaves into the eyes, a game. 7 pages. 175. Game with the ankle-bones of a deer. 12 pages. 176. Native wooden harminicon, played by boys. 14 pages and 5 figures. 177. Mysterious game. 17 pages. 178. Playing doctor. 10 pages. 179. Pretending to be dead, a game. 10 pages. 180. Hunting young birds in summer. 12 pages. 181. Hunting eggs in spring. 10 pages. 182. Going to make a grass lodge. 11 pages. 183. Scrambling for presents. 11 pages. 184. Sitting on wooden horses, a game. 8 pages. 185. Making a bone turn and hum by twisting a cord. 15 pages and 2 figures. 186. "String twisted in and out among the fingers." 8 pages. 187. Tumbling and somersault. 7 pages. 188. "Game with large things." 17 pages. 189. About two young men who were friends. 51 pages. By Bruyier. 190. A bird that foretells cold weather. 14 pages. 191. Cause of scrofulous sore on the neck. 10 pages. 192. Meaning of ringing sounds in the ears. 10 pages. 193. The Brave and Fox societies. 18 pages and 4 sketches. 194. Dog Society. 31 pages and 2 sketches and 1 page drawing.
195. "Killing by Hitting," or "Taking the Buffalo paunch," a society of women. 12 pages. 196. Scalpdance society. 16 pages and 1 sketch. 197. Night dance. 18 pages. 198. Mysterious society. 16 pages. 199. Grizzly Bear dance. 19 pages. 200. Belief about the Kildeer. 13 pages. 201. The acts of a leader. 17 pages. 202. Return of the night hawk in the spring. 7 pages. 203. Belief concerning the Ski-bi-bi-la, a small grey bird which says Gli Hunwo ?" ("Coming home ?). 16 pages. Also earlier version of the same, with mistakes. 10 pages. 204. About hanging the "tablo" ("shoulder blade") at the door of the lodge. 7 pages. 205. Trying to excell others. 12 pages. 206. Scolding or whipping a woman. 12 pages. 207. How Indian paints are made. 18 pagrs. 208. Acting like the buffalo bull. 9 pages and 1 page drawing. 209. Law about bowls. 9 pages. 210. Meaning of a rooster's crowing. 8 pages. 211. The taking apart of fetishes. 24 pages. 212. How one man drowned another. 21 pages. 213. Concerning warts. 8 pages. 214. Of a woman who qas killed by mosquitoes. 32 pages. 215. Concerning hermaphrodites. 22 pages. 216. Belief concerning the grebe or dabchick. 10 pages. 217. Rules for eating dogs. 8 pages. 218. Bushotter's recollections of a certain famine. 219. Why Lakota men should not wear women's moccasins. 16 pages. 220. Customs relating to bowls. 10 pages. 221. Meanings of various kinds of twitchings. 10 pages. 222. "Kicking out his elder brother's teeth." 10 pages. 223. How a boy wounded his grandfather in the scrotum. 13 pages. Bruyier's revision of the same. 13 pages. 224. Legend of the nude Spider woman. 12 pages. About the woman who was deceived by the grizzly bear, with an account of the prairie hen. 20 pages. By Bruyier. 225. "Punishment of the prairie." 19 pages.
226. Part of the punishment of a murderer. 12 pages. 227. About a foolish wife. 42 pages. 228. How a ghost stunned Bushotter's father. 21 pages. 229. Occasions for scolding wives. 12 pages. Half-page corrected sentence at end by Buyier. 230. Setting out food, etc. for ghosts. 16 pages. 231. Concerning widows and widowers. 30 pages. 232. About a newborn child. 9 pages. 233. Tatala, a humorist. 6 pages. 234. Vegetal lore. 16 pages. 235. About the year when the stars fell (1833). 18 pages. 236. Concerning shells used as necklaces. 8 pages and 2 sketches. 237. Game with a ball of mud. 8 pages. 238. "Throwing fire at one another." 11 pages. 239. Punishment of a liar. 8 pages. 240. Invocation of the Thunder. 13 pages. 241. About spiders. 15 pages. 242. The mysterious imitation of ghosts. 14 pages. 243. What they carry when they migrate. 20 pages. 244. What happened when the Lower Brules went to a mountain. 24 pages. 245. Concerning guardian spirits. 16 pages. 246. About the Thunderers (People dwelling in the clouds.) 25 pages. 247. About lizards, frogs, etc. rained from the sky. 11 pages. 248. Deer Women. 28 pages. 249. Bird societies. 31 pages. 250. Ways od dancing. 26 pages. 251. About gashing the limbs when mourning. 7 pages. 252. On Fellowhood. 16 pages. 253. Ceremonies at birth. 8 pages. Bruyier's revision. 5 pages. 254. Bushotter's stepfather's prophetic gifts. 15 pages. 255. The recovery of Bushotter's younger brother. 14 pages. 256. Why a son or daughter acts in a childish manner. 9 pages. 257. Giving birth to one child while still nursing another. 13 pages. 258. Courting. 48 pages and 3 page color folding drawing and 1 page drawing. 259. Heyoka woman. 8 pages.
Biographical / Historical:
George Bushotter (1864-1892), or Oteri, was a Teton Lakota born in Dakota Territory to a Yankton man and his wife Grey Whirlwind, a Minneconjou Lakota. Raised to be a warrior, Bushotter nevertheless left to study at the Hampton Institute in Virginia from 1878-1881. He entered the Theological Seminary of Virginia in 1885 to become a minister, but his inadequate knowledge of English made the study of Latin and Greek incredibly difficult for him. At the advice of the faculty, Bushotter left the seminary in 1887. While at Hampton, he met Rev. James Owen Dorsey and recognized the potential in working with him to complete ethnographic studies, and worked with the BAE for approximately ten months in 1887. His primary contributions were in the comparative linguistics of Teton Lakota, writing myths and other texts in Lakota, and assisting Dorsey in creating the synonomy of Lakota tribal names that formed a major part of what was to become the Handbook of North American Indians North of Mexico. For more information on George Bushotter, see American Indian Intellectuals, ed. Margot Liberty, 1978.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS.4800: (3.1.1.3) [103]
Local Note:
Old number 2632 (Parts 1-3)
autograph document signed
Collection Restrictions:
The James O. Dorsey Papers are open for research. Access to the James O. Dorsey Papers requires an appointment
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Manuscript 4800 James O. Dorsey papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Creation of this finding aid was funded through support from the Arcadia Fund.
Digitization and preparation of additional materials for online access has been funded also by the National Science Foundation under BCS Grant No. 1561167 and the Recovering Voices initiative at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
Fast Cheyenne war dance --Ponca Helushka dance --Fast Sioux war dance --Arikara war dance --My enemy, I came after your good white horse --Fast Cheyenne war dance -- Omaha Helushka --Ponca war dance --New Taos war dance song --Kiowa slow war dance --Kiowa fast war dance --Bloody knife's warrior song --Chief's honoring song -- The old glory raising on Iwo Jima --Korea memorial song -- Navajo hoop dance song --I'm in love with a Navajo boy -- Navajo dance song --Crow push dance song --Pawnee hand game song --Shawnee stomp dance --49 dance song -- The prisoner's song --Girl who is afraid of boys --The bear dance --Mountain by the sea --The Mescalero trail --Montana grass song --Apache mountain spirit song --Lightning song -- Sun dance song [2 versions] --Ute sun dance --Song of the black mountain --Song of the green rainbow --Navajo Yei-be-chai chant --Zuni buffalo dance --Hopi basket dance --Our father's thoughts are shining down --Ceremonial song.
Local Numbers:
FW-ASCH-LP-2830
Everest.3450/3
Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):
Everest 1970
General:
Recordings of various Indian tribes war dances, honor songs, social, folk and ceremonial songs and chants. Descriptive notes ([8] p.) laid in container. Performer(s): Sung and played by various native performers.
Restrictions:
Restrictions on access. No duplication allowed listening and viewing for research purposes only.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Photographs made during James Mooney's fieldwork with Apache, Arapaho, Caddo, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Comanche, Dakota/Lakota, Hopi, Kiowa, Navaho, Powhatan, and Wichita communities, as well as in Mexico. Photographs document individuals and families, gatherings, ceremonies and dances, daily activities, games, crafts, landscapes, and burials.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical / Historical:
James Mooney (1861-1921) was an American ethnographer whose research focused on Native North Americans. The son of Irish Catholic immigrants, Mooney was born in Richmond, Indiana. His formal education was limited to the public schools of the city; most of his knowledge of anthropology and ethnography was self-taught, largely through his field experience working with various Native communities.
In 1885, Mooney began working for the Smithsonian Institution's Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) under John Wesley Powell. There, he carried out ethnographic research for more than 30 years. He was a very early adopter of photography and made thouands of photographs in the course of his fieldwork.
Mooney married Ione Lee Gaut in 1897, and had six children. He died in 1921 in Washington, D.C. from heart disease.
For fuller biographies of Mooney see George Ellison's introduction to the 1992 edition of Mooney's History, Myths, and Sacred Formulas of the Cherokees, as well as The Indian Man: A Biography of James Mooney by L.G. Moses (2002).
Chronology
February 10, 1861 -- Born
1878 -- Graduated high school, then taught public school for 1 year
1879 -- Joined the staff of The Richmond Palladium
April 1885 -- Joined the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE)
May-June 1885 -- Worked with Cherokee Chief N. J. Smith on Eastern Cherokee grammar
Summer 1886 -- Worked with Chief Smith (in D.C.)
Summer 1887 -- First trip to the Eastern Cherokee of the Great Smokey Mountains to study language, collect material culture, and document activities including the Green Corn Dance and Cherokee ball games (3.5 months)
Winter/Spring 1888 -- Studied Iroquoian and Algonquian synonymies and published articles on the Irish and the Cherokee, collected and studied Cherokee sacred formulae
1889 -- Visit to Cherokee (worked with Swimmer, worked on his maps of place names/mound sites, witnessed ball play and the Green Corn Dance, gathered plants and collected objects for the Smithsonian
December 1890 -- Visited Oklahoma Territory to complete research with Western Cherokee, witnessed the Ghost Dance at the Cheyenne/Arapaho Reservation for the first time
1891 -- "The Sacred Formulas of the Cherokee" published Visit to Cherokee in Oklahoma Territory
April 1891 -- Delegated to collect material for Chicago Exposition. Collected for the next 2 years while studying the Ghost Dance
May 1891 -- Photographed Kiowa Mescal (Peyote) Ceremony Headed west for a four month collecting trip for the Chicago exposition, commissioned model tipis and summer houses from the Kiowa
1891-1893 -- Observed/participated in three ghost dances during three seasons of fieldwork among Arapaho, Sioux, Kiowa, and Cheyenne communities
Winter 1892 -- Began intensive field study of Kiowa winter counts and Kiowa heraldry Among the Navajo and Hopi, making collections for Chicago Exposition
Fall 1893 -- Returned to Oklahoma Territory to observe and record Arapaho Sun Dance. Also studied the Hopi Kachina Dance, the Wichita Corn Dance, and possibly also the Arapaho Ghost Dance
May 1895 -- "Siouan Tribes of the East" published
1895 -- Trip to the Southwest, visited Hopi and Navajo communities
1896 -- "The Ghost Dance Religion and the Sioux Outbreak of 1890" published
January 1897 -- At Anadarko
September 28, 1897 -- Married Ione Lee Gaut
Fall 1898 -- Trip to Southwest, visited Hopi and Navajo communities
1898 -- Attended Omaha Fair, helped plan 'Congress of Indians', supervised Frank Rinehart, who photographed many of the Indian delegates to the fair Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians published
Fall 1899 -- For three weeks in the fall traveled with DeLancey Gill to William Co, VA to study and photograph Mattapony and Pamunkey communities; Gill took pictures while Mooney did census work before traveling to the Chickahominy River
1900 -- Myths of the Cherokee published
Spring 1900 -- Studied communities of the Powhatan Confederacy in VA; traveled to VA again with Gill to visit the Pamunkey and Mattapony communities for more pictures and to complete census, then traveled to area south of Portsmouth to find the rural settlement of the Nansemond.
Fall 1901 -- Cooperative agreement with Field Museum and J. Owen Dorsey; Studied Kiowa for BAE, studied Cheyenne for Field Museum (focused on heraldry). This project, with Dorsey working on Arapaho, continued until 1906
1902 -- Fieldwork on heraldry with Kiowa and Apache communities all year except for two brief visits to Washington, D.C. in September and November
July 1903 -- Mooney and Dorsey study Sun Dance on Cheyenne reservation in Oklahoma Territory, brought staff photographer Charles Carpenter. Spent a week attending the Sun Dance and made the first photographs of the skull-dragging ceremony
October 1903 -- Photographed Arapaho Tomahawk Dance
Winter 1903 -- At the Cheyenne-Arapaho agency in Darlington; winter spent with Cheyenne, and finishing Kiowa tipi models for the Bureau's exhibit at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
March 1904 -- At Mount Scott with Kiowa
June 1904 -- St. Louis Exposition opens
April 1906 -- Last visit to Cheyenne
Summers, 1911-1916 -- Visits to Cherokee
1918 -- Assisted with charting the Native American Church of Oklahoma (the Secretary of the Interior issued a ban on his research)
June 28, 1918 -- Requested by Fewkes to study peyote cult and Kiowa Heraldry (see Mooney Papers, Box 1, Letters, statement dated 1921)
December 22, 1921 -- Died
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Citation:
Photo Lot 74, James Mooney photographs, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
