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MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others

Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Onkoiday  Search this
Sepinta  Search this
White Horse  Search this
Zonekeuk ?  Search this
Zotom  Search this
Extent:
33 Drawings (visual works) (graphite, colored pencil, crayon, ink, and watercolor, 12 x 18 cm.-20 x 55 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Pictographs
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1878
Scope and Contents:
The manuscript contains 28 drawings depicting warfare, courting, hunting, dances, a horse race, and an intertribal meeting. The drawings also include 5 pages with pictographs representing various words and the names of the prisoners. Included in the manuscript are rosters of the Ft. Marion prisoners listing the prisoners' names and tribal affiliations. Several drawings are inscribed with the name of Koba, some with the name Etahdleuh. Most were probably drawn by Koba.
Biographical / Historical:
Koba (Wild Horse) was born in 1848. During the Red River War he was a member of the Kiowa band that surrendered on February 18, 1875. Following his surrender, he was confined at Fort Sill, Indian Territory. He was accused of stealing horses and mules in Texas and participating in the August 22, 1874 skirmish at the Wichita Agency, one of the opening engagements of the Red River War. He was among the Kiowa prisoners who were incarcerated in Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida following the end of the conflict. He arrived at Fort Marion on May 21, 1875. After his release from Ft. Marion, Koba attended the Hampton Institute in Virginia. He arrived at Hampton on April 14, 1878. In June of 1879, he left Hampton to work on a farm in Lee, Massachusetts. He then enrolled in the Carlisle Institute in Pennsylvania, where he studied to be a tinsmith. He arrived at Carlisle on October 7, 1879. On September 10, 1880, Koba left Carlisle on what was intended to be a brief trip to Indian Territory. Although his health was failing, he was deemed fit to travel. He died of consumption on September 24, 1880, only three days after arriving at his destination.
Etahdleuh (1856-1888) was also known as Etahdleeuh, Etadeleuh, Etahdleuh Doanmoe, Boy, and Boy Hunting. He was imprisoned at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida from 1875-1878. After his release from Fort Marion, he attended the Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute in Virginia, arriving in April, 1878. In 1879, he travelled to the Indian Territory to recruit pupils to attend the Carlisle Institute in Pennsylvania, where he would study and work on and off from 1879 to 1887. He made two extended trips back to the reservation during this period and from February to May 1880, he worked at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. He was trained as a Presbyterian missionary and returned to the reservation in January 1888 to serve in this capacity.
For further biographical information on Koba or Etahdleuh see Karen Daniels Petersen, Plains Indian Art from Fort Marion, University of Oklahoma Press, 1971.
Fort Marion, also known as Castillo de San Marco, is a stone fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two prisoners from the southern plains were incarcerated in the fort. Captain Richard Pratt supervised the prisoners during their incarceration at Fort Marion. The prisoners consisted of 27 Kiowas, 33 Cheyennes, 9 Comanches, 2 Arapahos, and a single Caddo. With the exception of one Cheyenne woman, all the prisoners were men. They had been accused of participating in the recent Red River War, earlier hostilities, or both. With the exception of the wife and daughter of one of the Comanche men, the prisoners families were not allowed to accompany them to Fort Marion. For further information on Fort Marion see Karen Daniels Petersen, Plains Indian Art from Fort Marion, University of Oklahoma Press, 1971 and Richard Pratt, Battlefield and Classroom, ed. by R. M. Utley, Yale University Press, 1964.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 000
Provenance:
Reynolds, Mary B.
Topic:
Federal-Indian relations -- Kiowa  Search this
Marriage and family -- Courtship -- Kiowa  Search this
War -- Apache  Search this
War -- Navaho  Search this
War -- Comanche  Search this
Genre/Form:
Pictographs -- Kiowa
Ledger drawings
Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.MS39C
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a02dfcd2-f48e-456d-99e8-f97aa096cefe
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-ms39c
Online Media:

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etadleuh, of two mounted men with shields carrying firearms

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (graphite, colored pencil, and watercolor on ruled paper, 20 x 25 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Drawing depicts one man wearing a stuffed bird in his hair and riding a painted horse.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547616

OPPS NEG 91-1991

OPPS NEG 92-11272

NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 013
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3552cb1ac-d81c-47a0-92df-93aa1f3379a8
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref13

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of courting scene with two couples

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (colored pencil, watercolor, and ink on unruled paper, 13 x 19 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547617

OPPS NEG 91-1993

OPPS NEG 92-11266

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Creator was identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 014
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3bb71219d-3f67-429f-bfaa-df54eef75104
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref14

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of three mounted men

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on blue paper, 13 x 19 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Drawing depicts one man wearing a feathered headdress witha trailer and another wearing a lizard hair ornament. Verso inscribed "Apache medicine men Koba".
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547618

OPPS NEG 91-1996

OPPS NEG 92-11267

NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 015
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3c78a3015-c426-4212-a999-5e9cb1e297ff
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref15
Online Media:

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of two dismounted men with shields and bows fighting eight mounted Mexican soldiers

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on blue paper, 13 x 19 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547619

OPPS NEG 91-1989

OPPS NEG 92-11351

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
The identification of the soldiers as Mexicans is based on their headgear, tapadero stirrups, and ponchos.
Album Information:
MS 39C 016
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw36ee22032-d0bd-43a2-9b32-96048432c379
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref16

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of two mounted men with shields herding four horses

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (colored pencil, watercolor, and ink on unruled paper, 13 x 21 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547620

OPPS NEG 91-1982

OPPS NEG 92-11387

NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 017
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw310dc6dec-a4a3-40d2-a0c9-3f4da9f59f0e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref17

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of three mounted men with shields

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (graphite, watercolor, and ink on unruled paper, 12 x 18 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Inscription on recto reads "Koba, Zotom, Zonekeuk go to Mexico." Inscriptions on verso read "Going to Mexico for more horses", "Koba", and "no good."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547621

OPPS NEG 91-1986

OPPS NEG 92-11350

NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 018
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw35d559a56-decc-4c4e-a457-5eaf958ae944
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref18
Online Media:

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of a horse race, with two mounted men with quirts and four spectators

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 32 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547622

OPPS NEG 91-1987

OPPS NEG 92-11258

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 019
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f296d71f-f550-4ad5-9111-7f853a8667a1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref19

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of courting scene, with five couples wrapped in blankets

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 32 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Inscriptions read "this man Indian Kiowa write me and Koba" and "Koba".
Local Numbers:
OPPS NEG 91-1983

OPPS NEG 92-11274

NAA INV 08547623

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 020
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3cfd79df4-11b5-4f8f-911c-3fc8fb10254b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref20

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of courting scene, with five couples

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 32 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Inscriptions read "Koba" and "Very one so good Indian and Kiowa me white man write and Koba."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547624

OPPS NEG 91-1978

OPPS NEG 92-11265

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 021
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38f8c3744-2c58-4229-b621-2b658ac28b8b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref21

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of courting scene, with four couples

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 32 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Inscriptions read "Koba" and "Very one so good Indian and Kiowa me write Koba."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547625

OPPS NEG 91-1976

OPPS NEG 92-11275

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 022
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3ede8c23b-84c7-47e0-8068-13646b12c7f1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref22

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba or Etahdleuh, of a group of men

Artist:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (watercolor and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 32 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Depicts dismounted men, several of whom are carrying lances, standing near a mounted man wearing a war bonnet, possibly representing a warrior society meeting. A painted horse is picketed in the foreground. Inscriptions on recto read "Etahdleuh", "Koba", and "My friend Burnet I gave this the picture." Inscriptions on verso read "From my friend Koba thank him very much."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547626

OPPS NEG 92-10953

OPPS NEG 77-13

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 023
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw317702cc5-970b-47cf-8901-24ebccf61a2e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref23

Kiowa drawing, possibly by Koba, of a meeting between a group of Kiowa and Comanche and a group of Pawnee

Creator:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works) (2 leaves laminated together, colored pencil, watercolor, and ink on ruled paper, 20 x 55 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings (visual works)
Ledger drawings
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Drawing is inscribed "Koba", "chief", "medicine man", "comanche and Kiowa" and "pawnees".
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08624100

NAA MS 39C
Local Note:
Identified based on a comparison of this item with other works attributed to Etahdleuh.
Album Information:
MS 39C 024
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw30c532bb7-068e-4c16-ad3e-fa35cfca246f
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref24

Koba pictographs

Creator:
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Names:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Collection Artist:
Doanmoe, Etahdleuh, 1856-1888  Search this
Kobay, (Comanche chief)  Search this
Extent:
5 Leaves (graphite and ink on ruled paper, 25 x 20 cm.)
Culture:
Kiowa  Search this
Indians of North America -- Great Plains  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Leaves
Ledger drawings
Pictographs
Date:
1875-1877
Scope and Contents:
Contains list of English words with drawings representing each word with practice letter written in English. Also contains list of prisoners at Fort Marion with name glyphs. Inscription at head of first leaf reads "Kooba's [sic] Picture Words."
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08547629-08547635

OPPS NEG 91-1975

OPPS NEG 92-11001

OPPS NEG 92-11449 - 92-11452

OPPS NEG 92-11455 - 92-11456

NAA MS 39C
Album Information:
MS 39C 026
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Pictographs -- Kiowa
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 39C, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-c Kiowa drawings by Koba, Etahdleuh, and others
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw350a9710a-2fb8-4b8d-a2aa-1c005f32470b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39c-ref25
Online Media:

MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings

Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Extent:
1 Volume (disbound and laminated; 21 drawings on 22 leaves, graphite, colored pencil, and crayon, 11.25 x 8.5 inches)
Culture:
Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne)  Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Volumes
Ledger drawings
Works of art
Drawings
Place:
Florida -- Fort Marion
North America
Date:
circa 1875-1878
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists of an artist's sketchbook, now disbound and laminated, including twenty-one (21) drawings by Making Medicine of scenes of hunting, life at Fort Marion, wagons, trains, and camp life. The drawings are lettered A-U, and individually captioned by George Fox. Inside the front cover the words "Drawn by" and "Cheyenne" are in handwriting of George Fox; the name "Making Medicine" was written by the artist himself. The collection also includes a note from Fox (undated) and letter of transmittal from the donor, Mrs. Burnside (October 1923).

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Making Medicine, also known as O-kuh-ha-tuh or "Sun Dancer" and David Pendleton Oakerhater (1844?-1931) was a Cheyenne warrior who became one of the most prolific of the Native American artists at Fort Marion and first sergeant of the company of guards there. When the Fort Marion prisoners were released in the spring of 1878, Making Medicine went to New York to be educated in the Christian ministry. He took the name David Pendleton Oakerhater after the family that sponsored him (the family of Senator George Pendleton), was ordained an Episcopal deacon on 7 June 1881, and worked as a missionary among the Plains tribes for many years. In 1985, he was the first Native American Anglican to be designated by the Episcopal Church as a saint.
George W. Fox (1853-1886) worked as a trader with John "Jack" S. Evans at Fort Sill, Indian Territory, and became an interpreter for Comanche. From 1875 to March 1877, Fox worked with Richard H. Pratt (1840-1924) and prisoners of war from the southern plains at Fort Marion in St., Florida.
Historical Note:
Fort Marion, also known as Castillo de San Marco, is a stone fortress in St. Augustine, Florida. Between 1875 and 1878, seventy-two prisoners from the southern plains were incarcerated in the fort under supervision of Lt. Richard H. Pratt. The prisoners consisted of 27 Kiowas, 33 Cheyennes, 9 Comanches, 2 Arapahos, and a single Caddo. With the exception of one Cheyenne woman, all the prisoners were men. They had been accused of participating in the recent Red River War, earlier hostilities, or both. With the exception of the wife and daughter of one of the Comanche men, the prisoners families were not allowed to accompany them to Fort Marion.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39B

OPPS NEG 55,047-55,068
Related Materials:
A similar book of drawings by Making Medicine containing some of the same scenes and dated July 1876 is in the collection of the National Cowboy and Western Heritage Museum, Oklahoma City.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Works of art
Drawings
Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NAA.MS39B
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d7e870e8-45c3-43df-ae1e-d992a331b18f
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-naa-ms39b
Online Media:

Note and letter of transmittal

Collection Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Collection Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Container:
Box 39B, Folder 6
Type:
Archival materials
Graphic Materials
Scope and Contents:
Includes a note from George Fox to Samuel Grice and a letter of transmittal from the donor, Mary Margaret Grice Burnside.
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38cff4d56-d905-41c7-8b1f-2c0bda019572
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39b-ref23

Off on the war path

Collection Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Collection Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works)
Container:
Box 39B, Folder 1
Type:
Archival materials
Graphic Materials
Drawings (visual works)
Scope and Contents:
Mounted warriors with shields and lances, riding from camp, and a woman near two painted tipis. Inscription reads: "Off on the Warpath."
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39B 001

NAA INV 08547101

OPPS NEG 55047

OPPS NEG 55047A
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d7fb7427-0092-4e88-ab80-be2dddeb65c1
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39b-ref1

Indian Prisoners attempt

Collection Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Collection Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works)
Container:
Box 39B, Folder 2
Type:
Archival materials
Graphic Materials
Drawings (visual works)
Scope and Contents:
One drawing on two leaves. A small steam locomotive pulling two decorated passenger cars. One train car has a man smoking pipe visible in window, probably George Fox, collector of the book. This is probably a small excursion train based near Saint Augustine, Florida. Inscription reads: "Indian Prisoner's Attempt."
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39B 010

NAA INV 08547110

NAA INV 08547111

OPPS NEG 55056

OPPS NEG 55056A

OPPS NEG 55057

OPPS NEG 55057A
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3d12a8d0c-fd85-41c6-911f-99a707ad9e4a
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39b-ref10
Online Media:

Indian Prisoners enroute to Florida

Collection Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Collection Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works)
Container:
Box 39B, Folder 2
Type:
Archival materials
Graphic Materials
Drawings (visual works)
Scope and Contents:
Wagons holding prisoners traveling under Army guard through a wooded area. Figure smoking pipe probably George Fox, collector of the book. Inscription reads: "Indian Prisoners enroute to Florida."
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39B 011

NAA INV 08547112

OPPS NEG 55058

OPPS NEG 55058A
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw39696e757-6d75-4538-bcab-d1064ac51807
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39b-ref11

Buffalo Hunt by Cheyennes

Collection Artist:
Making Medicine, 1844?-1931  Search this
Collection Annotator:
Fox, George W., 1853-1886  Search this
Collection Creator:
Fort Marion artists  Search this
Extent:
1 Drawings (visual works)
Container:
Box 39B, Folder 3
Type:
Archival materials
Graphic Materials
Drawings (visual works)
Scope and Contents:
Mounted hunters pursuing buffalo and pronghorn antelope. Inscription reads: "Buffalo Hunt by Cheyennes."
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 39B 012

NAA INV 08547113

OPPS NEG 55059

OPPS NEG 55059A
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
See more items in:
MS 39-b Making Medicine book of drawings
Archival Repository:
National Anthropological Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw323989ac8-6d0c-4685-9bd7-14f46b085e79
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-naa-ms39b-ref12

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