Photographs documenting pottery and pottery designs from historic Pueblo groups and archeological sites, including pottery by Hopi potter Nampeyo and an image of Maria Martinez of San Ildefonso and examples of her pottery. There are also some photographs that depict a pueblo, Southwest landscapes, cliff dwellings, rock art, craftspeople, and dwellings, mostly relating to Southwest peoples, Peruvians, and Australian aborigines. The collection includes images of artifacts in the collections of the Chicago Natural History Museum, Field Museum, British Museum, University of Illinois, Santa Fe Laboratory of Anthropology, and Paul Pearson collection. Notes and notices relating to publication are also available with the collection.
Biographical/Historical note:
Whitney Halstead (1926-1979) was an art historian and artist. He acquired his BFA and MFA from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, where he became Chairman of the Division of Fine Arts in 1967. He also worked as an assistant in the Field Museum's anthropology department and wrote art history publications.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 89-43
Location of Other Archival Materials:
The Archives of American Art holds Whitney Halstead's papers.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Copy prints of photographs or photographs of objects held by Chicago Natural History Museum, Field Museum of Natural History, British Museum, University of Illinois, and Santa Fe Laboratory of Anthropology cannot be copied. Copies or permission must be obtained from these repositories.
Photographs collected by Willis G. Tilton, a dealer in artifacts and photographs relating to Native Americans. Many of the photographs were made by Field Columbian Museum photographer Charles Carpenter at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in 1904; many others were created by various photographers for Field Museum publications. Notable subjects include Big Foot, dead in the snow at the Wounded Knee battlefield; Arapaho and Cheyenne social dances; Hopi ceremonies; a reenactment of the shooting of Sitting Bull; Sun Dances (Arapaho, Assiniboin, Gros Ventre, Blackfoot, Cheyenne, Ponca); and views of the United States Indian School Building and Pawnee people at the the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis, Missouri. Other photographs include portraits and images of artifacts, basket weaving, cradles, dress, dwelling, tipis and other dwellings, and tree burials. There are also some photographs of Henry Field's expedition to Iraq in 1934 (Field museum anthropological expedition to the Near East), work elephants in Burma, Pipestone Quarry in Minnesota, a church in the Yucatan, and a rickshaw and cart in Ceylon.
Biographical/Historical note:
Willis G. Tilton was a dealer and owner of the store, Tilton Indian Relics, in Topeka, Kansas.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 89-8, NAA Photo Lot 135
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Photographs in the Tilton Collection, previously filed in Photo Lot 135, have been relocated and merged with Photo Lot 89-8. These photographs were also purchased by the Bureau of American Ethnology from Willis G. Tilton and form part of this collection.
Associated photographs still held in the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago.
Most photographs included in the card catalog of copy negatives and in the reference file prints by tribe.
Additional photographs by Dorsey held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4721 and Photo Lot 24.
Correspondence from Dorsey held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 4821, records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, the J.C. Pilling Papers, and the Ales Hrdlicka Papers.
Additional photographs by Nelson held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 171, Photo Lot 133, Photo Lot 24, and the BAE historical negatives.
Additional Maude photographs held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 90-1 and Photo Lot 24.
Additional E. E. Hall photographs held in National Anthropological Archives MS 4978 and Photo Lot 24.
The Smithsonian Institution Archives holds Nelson's field reports (SIA Acc. 97-123) and the Edward William Nelson and Edward Alphonso Goldman Collection (SIA RU007364).
See others in:
Willis G. Tilton photograph collection of American Indians, circa 1880-1930 (bulk 1899-1904)
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1902-1906
Scope and Contents:
Pencil and crayon drawings intermixed with Manuscript notes by Mooney. Oversize drawings identified as Cheyenne, Cheyenne or Arapaho, Kiowa, Dakota and Comanche. Typed list of these, with annotations made by Father Peter J. Powell during visit to National Anthropological Archives is included with master list of drawings in N.A.A. Many of the oversize drawings were preliminary sketches for the Cheyenne tipi curtain now on exhibit at the Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois. Previously cataloged as "Kiowa and others." However, it was changed to the Cheyenne file after more complete identifications supplied by Karen D. Peterson and Father Powell showed that the majority of the drawings were Cheyenne.
Box I: Notes and drawings relating to men and horses in war paint, shields, tipis, shield tripods, lances and pennants. (Oklahoma) (March, 1902-April, 1906.) Pencil and crayon drawings intermixed with Manuscript notes by Mooney. 219 pages and slips (some with material on both sides.) List of owners of shields and tipis, in handwriting of unknown person, with Manuscript notes by both Karen D. Peterson and Father Peter J. Powell. (Washington, D.C.)(1968 ?-1971.) Manuscript document. 7 pages. According to list, 51 of the 80 owners have been identified as "Cheyenne" or "Cheyenne?"; 12 owners have been identified "Kiowa" or "Kiowa?"; 8 are unidentified; 3 each are Kiowa-Apache and Arapaho; and one each is Comanche, Crow and Ute.
The tipis are shown in finished drawings in Manuscript Number 2531, Volumes 9 and 10. The entire contents of boxes are discussed in detail in Manuscript Number 2531, volume 5; notations apparently refer to what pages in 2531, volume 5 discuss the subject of the drawing, e.g., the note "54-55a" on David Pendleton's shield. Drawings with notes have been separated by name of owner and filed alphabetically in sections on shields and tipis. Most of the drawings have Manuscript notes by Mooney as to owner, date, artist and place; for details see individual photo catalog cards to copy neg. nos. 72-1826 CN through 72-1926 CN, 72-1939 CN and and 72-1940 CN. A few drawings were also signed by the artists themselves. All the drawings which are dated, date between March, 1902 and April, 1906; the Administrative Reports of BAE-ARs for those years confirms Mooney's presence in Oklahoma from February 1902 until he left in April, 1906.
Box 2: Unidentified shield and tipi drawings. Many of the numbered pages are those cut by Mooney from his Kiowa volumes (Bureau of American Ethnology Manuscript Number 2531, Volumes 1-5). Oversize drawings: Tribes tentatively identified as Cheyenne, Cheyenne or Arapaho, Kiowa, Dakota, Comanche. 16 drawings. See typed list; copy filed with drawings, master copy inserted in Master copy of catalog of drawings, 11/71.
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1904-1906
Scope and Contents:
Tablet containing 18 drawings of tipi designs. Inscribed, "Cheyenne Tipis No. 1" The artist was established by reference to vol. 10 of the same manuscript. The annotation appearing on many pages "made 1906" probably refers to the date that a model tipi with that design was produced. These models of Cheyenne tipis are in the collection of the Field Museum of Natural History.
Arrangement:
Subgroup
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531 Vol. 9
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory Cantonment.
United States Oklahoma Canton.
Album Information:
MS 2531-09 000
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1904
Scope and Contents:
Tablet containing 21 drawings including pictures of warriors carrying shields, of shield designs, and of the Omaha Dance. Two are indentified as drawn by Sampson Kelly, Cheyenne, and others are signed by Carl Sweezy, Arapaho. Cover inscribed "Cheyenne Shields No. 1" and "From Picture Book Captured at Mackenzie Fight 1876, Field Columbian Museum, Chicago, Drawn by Carl Sweezy, 1904"
Arrangement:
Subgroup
Biographical / Historical:
Carl Sweezy (ca.1879-1953), Arapaho. For biographical information, see The Arapaho Way, by Althea Bass, NY:Clarkson N. Potter, 1966. For information on his work with Mooney, see Carl Sweezy: Arapaho Artist, by Althea Bass, Chronicles of Oklahoma 34: 429-31, 1956.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531 Vol. 13
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory.
United States Oklahoma.
Album Information:
MS 2531-13 000
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Ledger drawings
Date:
1904
Scope and Contents:
Tablet, now disbound, containing 20 drawings including pictures of warriors carrying shields and a few shield designs. Cover inscribed "Cheyenne Shields No. 2" and "From Book Captured at Mackenzie Fight 1876, Field Museum, Chicago." The artist and date for this book were established by reference to inscriptions in vol. 13 of the same manuscript.
Arrangement:
Subgroup
Biographical / Historical:
Carl Sweezy (ca. 1879-1953), Arapaho. For biographical information, see The Arapaho Way, by Althea Bass, NY: Clarkson N. Potter, 1966. For information on his work with Mooney, see Carl Sweezy: Arapaho Artist, by Althea Bass, Chronicles of Oklahoma 34: 429-31, 1956.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2531 Vol. 14
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory.
United States Oklahoma.
Album Information:
MS 2531-14 000
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Great Plains Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Drawings
Ledger drawings
Date:
ca. 1904-1906
Scope and Contents:
Drawing with painted tipi, shield, sweat lodge, horse with travois, and family members engaged in various activities. An accompanying typed label identifies each component of the scene.
Local Numbers:
NAA INV 08901300
NAA MS 2531, Volume 10
Place:
United States Oklahoma Territory Cantonment.
United States Oklahoma Canton.
Album Information:
MS 2531-10 001
Genre/Form:
Ledger drawings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 2531, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
This collection contains photographic prints and copy negatives taken and collected by Ludwig Winternitz between 1920-1930. The photographs taken by Ludwig Winternitz depict various indigenous communities within the United States, including Seminole communities in Florida taken circa 1920, Chippewa communities in Michigan taken in August 1927, Payómkawichum (Luiseño) communities in California taken in 1930, and Odawa (Ottawa) communities in Michigan taken in 1926. P09759-P09764 were taken by an unknown photographer circa 1930.
Scope and Contents:
This collection contains 69 photographic prints and 31 copy negatives taken and collected by Ludwig Winternitz between 1920-1930. Copy negatives include N36225-N36248; N36342-N36345; N36475; N36482-N36483. Photographic prints include P08224-P08269; P08374-P08384; P08983-P08987; P09412; P09745; P09759-P09764.
The collection depicts various indigenous communities within the United States, including Seminole communities in Florida taken circa 1920, Michigan Chippewa communities taken in Charlevoix, Michigan in August 1927, Payómkawichum (Luiseño) communities in California taken in 1930, Odawa (Ottawa) communities in Michigan taken in 1926, and unidentified individuals in Oklahoma taken circa 1930. The photographs depict candid photographs, posed outdoor portraits, and indoor portraits. Identified individuals include Jose Bill (Seminole), Sam Huff (Seminole), Cypress Charlie (Seminole), Chief Frank Greenleaf (Odawa), Chief Shomin (Odawa), George Pontiac (Odawa), James Walker (Odawa), and Charlie Tommie, also known as Shirttail Charlie (Seminole). Identified non-Native individuals include Reverend. F. Ignatius of Pala Mission, California (non-Native). Also included are several portraits (P09759-P09764) taken circa 1930 by an unknown photographer depicting a man identified only as "Redwing," likely Oklahoma Cherokee, in an unknown location.
Arrangement:
Arranged by catalog number.
Biographical / Historical:
Ludwig Winternitz, who later anglicized his name to "Louis," was a professional photographer born in Prague in 1854. In 1884, he emigrated to the United States and settled in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he married Clara Kadish in 1885. Between 1920 and 1930, Winternitz traveled across the United States and photographed Native American communities in Florida, California, Michigan, and Oklahoma. Some of his photography work, such as the photographs of Seminole communities taken in Florida, was carried out for individual contractors. In 1924, Winternitz gifted his photograph collections to the Chicago Field Museum, parts of which subsequently went to the National Anthropological Archives and the National Museum of the American Indian. He died in San Diego, California in 1933 at age 79.
Related Materials:
Negatives related to the photographs taken in Fort Myers, Florida can be found in Photo Lot 89-8, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. Additional related negatives can be found in the Field Museum of Natural History, Photography Department, Roosevelt Road at Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496.
Prints corresponding to 61 of the copy negatives within this collection are held in the William C. Sturtevant papers, 1952-2007, NAA.2008-24.
Provenance:
Gifts of Ludwig Winternitz received in multiple lots between 1926 and 1931.
Restrictions:
P08241 is restricted due to cultural sensitivity.
Access to NMAI Archives Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.
Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Ludwig Winternitz photograph collection, image #, NMAI.AC.169; National Museum of the American Indian Archives Center, Smithsonian Institution.
