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James Kimbrough Jones

Artist:
Louis Mcclellan Potter, 1873 - 1912  Search this
Sitter:
James Kimbrough Jones, 1839 - 1908  Search this
Medium:
Bronze
Dimensions:
Estimate: 58.0 x 51.0 x 33.0 cm (22 13/16 x 20 1/16 x 13" ), Accurate
Type:
Sculpture
Date:
1903
Topic:
James Kimbrough Jones: Male  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Politics and Government\US Senator\Arkansas  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Arkansas  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
Owner: Arkansas History Commission
Object number:
71.550
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
See more items in:
Catalog of American Portraits
Data Source:
Catalog of American Portraits
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4f165e8ab-d89c-47d6-a00e-482bf1102e61
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_71.550

James Kimbrough Jones

Artist:
Sue R. Jones  Search this
Sitter:
James Kimbrough Jones, 1839 - 1908  Search this
Medium:
Charcoal on paper
Dimensions:
Estimate: 65.0 x 52.0 cm (25 9/16 x 20 1/2" ), Accurate
Type:
Drawing
Date:
1887
Topic:
James Kimbrough Jones: Male  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Politics and Government\US Senator\Arkansas  Search this
James Kimbrough Jones: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Arkansas  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
Owner: Arkansas History Commission
Object number:
71.592
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
See more items in:
Catalog of American Portraits
Data Source:
Catalog of American Portraits
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4e923c6f1-1f18-458f-8516-b2b5da9c8c54
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_71.592

Elisha Baxter

Artist:
Jean Gibbons Cowden  Search this
Sitter:
Elisha Baxter, 1827 - 1899  Search this
Medium:
Oil on canvas
Dimensions:
Sight: 76.2 x 62.6 cm (30 x 24 5/8" ), Accurate
Type:
Painting
Date:
20th century
Topic:
Elisha Baxter: Male  Search this
Elisha Baxter: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Elisha Baxter: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
Elisha Baxter: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Merchant  Search this
Elisha Baxter: Politics and Government\Governor\Arkansas  Search this
Elisha Baxter: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Arkansas  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
Owner: Arkansas State Capitol
Object number:
AR020007
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
See more items in:
Catalog of American Portraits
Data Source:
Catalog of American Portraits
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4df48a324-b8e8-473b-8c7c-18bda3695249
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_AR020007

Barbara Delle Gregory

Artist:
Barbara Delle Simmons Gregory, born 1914  Search this
Sitter:
Dale Leon Bumpers, born 1925  Search this
Medium:
Oil on canvas
Dimensions:
Unavailable
Type:
Painting
Date:
1974
Topic:
Interior  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Male  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Business and Finance\Businessperson  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Politics and Government\Governor\Arkansas  Search this
Dale Leon Bumpers: Politics and Government\US Senator\Arkansas  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
Owner: Arkansas State Capitol
Object number:
AR020010
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
See more items in:
Catalog of American Portraits
Data Source:
Catalog of American Portraits
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm468819ae9-d1a2-43bb-aa3e-3332e3e78ba3
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_AR020010

Full Dress Rehearsal of the Grand Presidential Corps de Ballet

Artist:
Charles Kendrick, active 1880 - c. 1902  Search this
Sitter:
James Abram Garfield, 19 Nov 1831 - 19 Sep 1881  Search this
Roscoe Conkling, 30 Oct 1829 - 18 Apr 1888  Search this
Thomas Lemuel James, 1831 - 1916  Search this
John Alexander Logan, 9 Feb 1826 - 26 Dec 1886  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine, 31 Jan 1830 - 27 Jan 1893  Search this
Carl Schurz, 2 Mar 1829 - 14 May 1906  Search this
Chester Alan Arthur, 5 Oct 1829 - 18 Nov 1886  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln, 1 Aug 1843 - 25 Jul 1926  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock, 14 Feb 1824 - 9 Feb 1886  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler, 5 Nov 1818 - 11 Jan 1893  Search this
Stephen Wallace Dorsey, 28 Feb 1842 - 20 Mar 1916  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden, 9 Feb 1814 - 4 Aug 1886  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman, 8 Feb 1820 - 14 Feb 1891  Search this
Medium:
Color lithograph on paper
Dimensions:
Image: 29.6 x 47.5cm (11 5/8 x 18 11/16")
Sheet: 36.4 x 53.6cm (14 5/16 x 21 1/8")
Mount: 36.5 x 53.6cm (14 3/8 x 21 1/8")
Type:
Print
Date:
1880
Topic:
Costume\Headgear\Hat  Search this
Nature & Environment\Plant\Flower\Bouquet  Search this
Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Mustache  Search this
Personal Attribute\Facial Hair\Beard  Search this
Human Figures\Symbolic Figure\Uncle Sam  Search this
Human Figures  Search this
Chester Alan Arthur: Male  Search this
Chester Alan Arthur: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US  Search this
Chester Alan Arthur: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this
Chester Alan Arthur: Science and Technology\Engineer\Military engineer  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln: Male  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of War  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this
Robert Todd Lincoln: Politics and Government\Son of US President  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Male  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Politics and Government\US Senator\Illinois  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Illinois  Search this
John Alexander Logan: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Illinois  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Male  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\College  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Ohio  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Education and Scholarship\Administrator\College administrator\President  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Politics and Government\State Senator\Ohio  Search this
James Abram Garfield: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Major General  Search this
Carl Schurz: Male  Search this
Carl Schurz: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\Statesman  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\Diplomat  Search this
Carl Schurz: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this
Carl Schurz: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of Interior  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\US Senator\Missouri  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this
Carl Schurz: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Revolutionary  Search this
Carl Schurz: Military and Intelligence\Soldier\Civil War\Union  Search this
Carl Schurz: Politics and Government\Chief of Staff  Search this
Carl Schurz: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Major General  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Male  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Brigadier General  Search this
Winfield Scott Hancock: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Major General  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Male  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Politics and Government\US Congressman\New York  Search this
Roscoe Conkling: Politics and Government\Public official\Mayor\Utica, NY  Search this
Thomas Lemuel James: Male  Search this
Stephen Wallace Dorsey: Male  Search this
Stephen Wallace Dorsey: Politics and Government\State Senator\Arkansas  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Male  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\General  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Business and Finance\Banker  Search this
William Tecumseh Sherman: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Male  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Massachusetts  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Politics and Government\Governor\Massachusetts  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Military and Intelligence\Army\Officer\Civil War army officer\Union army officer  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Massachusetts  Search this
Benjamin Franklin Butler: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Yachtsman  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden: Male  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this
Samuel Jones Tilden: Politics and Government\Governor\New York  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Male  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\Presidential candidate  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Speaker of the House  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Journalism and Media\Newspaper editor  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\Cabinet member\Secretary of State  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Senator\Maine  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Maine  Search this
James Gillespie Blaine: Politics and Government\State Legislator\Maine  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Object number:
NPG.84.194
Restrictions & Rights:
CC0
See more items in:
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Data Source:
National Portrait Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4af12f9a5-416b-4d3d-b92c-9ff3e63e787f
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_NPG.84.194

Summit of the Americas 1994

Artist:
Eduardo G. Galliani, born 26 Aug 1953  Search this
Sitter:
William Jefferson Clinton, born 19 Aug 1946  Search this
Jean-Bertrand Aristide, born 15 Jul 1953  Search this
Ernesto Samper, born 3 Aug 1950  Search this
Violeta Chamorro, born c. 1939  Search this
Percival James Patterson, born 10 Apr 1935  Search this
José Maria Figueres Olsen, born 24 Dec 1954  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina, 13 Mar 1926 - 19 Aug 2003  Search this
Sixto Duran-Ballen Cordovez, born 1921  Search this
Rafael Caldera, 24 Jan 1916 - 24 Dec 2009  Search this
Cheddi Jagan, 22 Mar 1918 - 5 Mar 1997  Search this
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco, 28 Jun 1930 - 2 Jul 2011  Search this
James F. Mitchell, born 1931  Search this
Runaldo Venetiaan  Search this
Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite, 8 Jul 1928 - 28 Oct 2016  Search this
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada, born 1 Jul 1930  Search this
Jean Chrétien, born 11 Jan 1934  Search this
Alberto Kenyo Fujimori, born 1939  Search this
Carlos Saúl Menem, 2 Jul 1935 - 14 Feb 2021  Search this
Hubert Alexander Ingraham, born 4 Aug 1947  Search this
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León, born 1951  Search this
Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning, born 17 Aug 1946  Search this
Ramiro de León Carpio, 1942 - 2002  Search this
Ernesto Perez Balladares, born 29 Jun 1946  Search this
Armando Calderon Sol, born 1948  Search this
Juan Carlos Wasmosy, born 15 Dec 1938  Search this
Mary Eugenia Charles, 15 May 1919 - 6 Sep 2005  Search this
Manuel Esquivel, born 2 May 1940  Search this
John George Melvin Compton, 1925/1926 - 2007  Search this
Lester Bryant Bird, born 21 Feb 1938  Search this
Owen Arthur, born 17 Oct 1949  Search this
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Jr., born 24 Jun 1942  Search this
Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera, born 1941  Search this
Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds, born 12 Apr 1936  Search this
Medium:
Chromogenic print
Dimensions:
Image/Sheet: 50.6cm x 66.8cm (19 15/16" x 26 5/16")
Type:
Photograph
Place:
United States\Florida\Dade\Miami
Date:
December 10, 1994
Topic:
Nature & Environment\Plant\Tree  Search this
Equipment\Sound Devices\Microphone  Search this
Exterior\Garden  Search this
Artwork\Sculpture\Garden  Search this
Equipment\Podium  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Male  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\University  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Politics and Government\Governor\Arkansas  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Politics and Government\State Attorney General\Arkansas  Search this
William Jefferson Clinton: Presidential Medal of Freedom  Search this
Jean-Bertrand Aristide: Male  Search this
Jean-Bertrand Aristide: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Haiti  Search this
Jean-Bertrand Aristide: Religion and Spirituality\Clergy\Priest  Search this
Ernesto Samper: Male  Search this
Ernesto Samper: Literature\Writer\Scientific  Search this
Ernesto Samper: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Professor\University  Search this
Ernesto Samper: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Colombia  Search this
Ernesto Samper: Business and Finance\Economist  Search this
Violeta Chamorro: Female  Search this
Violeta Chamorro: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this
Violeta Chamorro: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Nicaragua  Search this
Percival James Patterson: Male  Search this
Percival James Patterson: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Percival James Patterson: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Jamaica  Search this
José Maria Figueres Olsen: Male  Search this
José Maria Figueres Olsen: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Costa Rica  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina: Male  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina: Journalism and Media\Newspaper publisher  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina: Society and Social Change\Reformer\Activist  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Honduras  Search this
Carlos Roberto Reina: Politics and Government\Political prisoner  Search this
Sixto Duran-Ballen Cordovez: Male  Search this
Sixto Duran-Ballen Cordovez: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Ecuador  Search this
Rafael Caldera: Male  Search this
Rafael Caldera: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Cheddi Jagan: Male  Search this
Cheddi Jagan: Medicine and Health\Dentist  Search this
Cheddi Jagan: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Guyana  Search this
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco: Male  Search this
Itamar Augusto Cautiero Franco: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Brazil  Search this
James F. Mitchell: Male  Search this
James F. Mitchell: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Hotelier  Search this
James F. Mitchell: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\St Vincent & Grenadines  Search this
Runaldo Venetiaan: Male  Search this
Runaldo Venetiaan: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Suriname  Search this
Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite: Male  Search this
Sir Nicholas Alexander Brathwaite: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Grenada  Search this
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada: Male  Search this
Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Bolivia  Search this
Jean Chrétien: Male  Search this
Jean Chrétien: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Jean Chrétien: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Canada  Search this
Alberto Kenyo Fujimori: Male  Search this
Alberto Kenyo Fujimori: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Peru  Search this
Carlos Saúl Menem: Male  Search this
Carlos Saúl Menem: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Argentina  Search this
Hubert Alexander Ingraham: Male  Search this
Hubert Alexander Ingraham: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Bahamas  Search this
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León: Male  Search this
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León: Business and Finance\Economist  Search this
Ernesto Zedillo Ponce de León: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Mexico  Search this
Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning: Male  Search this
Patrick Augustus Mervyn Manning: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Trinidad & Tobago  Search this
Ramiro de León Carpio: Male  Search this
Ramiro de León Carpio: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Guatemala  Search this
Ernesto Perez Balladares: Male  Search this
Ernesto Perez Balladares: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Panama  Search this
Armando Calderon Sol: Male  Search this
Armando Calderon Sol: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\El Salvador  Search this
Juan Carlos Wasmosy: Male  Search this
Juan Carlos Wasmosy: Science and Technology\Engineer\Civil engineer  Search this
Juan Carlos Wasmosy: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Paraguay  Search this
Mary Eugenia Charles: Female  Search this
Mary Eugenia Charles: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Dominica  Search this
Manuel Esquivel: Male  Search this
Manuel Esquivel: Education and Scholarship\Educator\Teacher  Search this
Manuel Esquivel: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Belize  Search this
John George Melvin Compton: Male  Search this
John George Melvin Compton: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\St Lucia  Search this
Lester Bryant Bird: Male  Search this
Lester Bryant Bird: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Antigua & Barbuda  Search this
Owen Arthur: Male  Search this
Owen Arthur: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\Barbados  Search this
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Jr.: Male  Search this
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle, Jr.: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Chile  Search this
Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera: Male  Search this
Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera: Law and Crime\Lawyer  Search this
Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera: Natural Resource Occupations\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this
Luis Alberto Lacalle Herrera: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\President\Uruguay  Search this
Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds: Male  Search this
Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds: Medicine and Health\Physician  Search this
Kennedy Alphonse Simmonds: Politics and Government\Foreign leader\Prime Minister\St Kitts-Nevis  Search this
Portrait  Search this
Credit Line:
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of the Eastman Kodak Company
Object number:
NPG.95.77
Restrictions & Rights:
Usage conditions apply
Copyright:
© Eduardo G. Galliani
See more items in:
National Portrait Gallery Collection
Data Source:
National Portrait Gallery
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4dd53dff1-2156-48bb-8d90-528b3dcb729a
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:npg_NPG.95.77

CULINASIA: Asian American Farmers Look Back to Go Forward

Creator:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery  Search this
Type:
YouTube Videos
Uploaded:
2022-04-22T20:33:11.000Z
YouTube Category:
Education  Search this
Topic:
Art, Asian  Search this
See more by:
FreerSackler
Data Source:
Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery
YouTube Channel:
FreerSackler
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:yt_AuHg9_YBq-A

Ballad Collecting Across the Ozarks: An Introduction to Max Hunter

Creator:
Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this
Type:
Blog posts
Smithsonian staff publications
Blog posts
Published Date:
Thu, 18 May 2023 03:18:00 GMT
Topic:
Cultural property  Search this
See more posts:
Festival Blog
Data Source:
Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:posts_ffaf8420f6849ff60ddd1846ca7e034b

Maid of Cotton Records

Creator:
Cotton Museum at the Memphis Cotton Exchange  Search this
National Cotton Council  Search this
Extent:
38 Cubic feet (91 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Videocassettes
Slides (photographs)
Scrapbooks
Reports
Programs
Photographs
Photograph albums
Audiotapes
Place:
Memphis (Tenn.)
Date:
1939-1994, undated
Summary:
The Maid of Cotton (MOC) beauty pageant was sponsored by the National Cotton Council, Memphis Cotton Carnival, and the Cotton Exchanges of Memphis, New York, and New Orleans from 1939-1993. The contest was held annually in Memphis, Tennessee until the National Cotton Council and Cotton Council International moved to Dallas, Texas. Beginning with the 1985 pageant (held December 1984) the competition was held in Dallas. The pageant was discontinued in 1993 due to lack of funds, a sponsor, and changes in marketing strategies. The records include files on contestants, photographs, and scrapbooks.
Scope and Contents:
The collection contains the records for the Maid of Cotton pageant (1939-1993) sponsored by the National Cotton Council (NCC), Memphis Cotton Carnival, and the Cotton Exchanges of Memphis, New York, and New Orleans. The collection consists of approximately 38 cubic feet of records created by the NCC in the course of operating the Maid of Cotton contest from 1939 to 1993. The records form the complete archive of this fifty-four year program. The records include administrative files, scrapbooks, photographs, slides, and videotapes.

"One of the main values of the Maid of Cotton collection is its completeness. These are all of the official records of the program, documenting all of its activities throughout its entire existence from 1939 to 1993. As such, it represents a truly unique documentary record and opportunity for research.

Beauty contests have been the subject of serious scholarly study for many years. A search of WorldCat reveals over fifty books on the topic. Scholars have found the subject to be a fruitful springboard from which to study a wide variety of topics, primarily centered around issues of beauty, femininity, culture values, national identity, racism, and feminism.

Beauty pageants serve as symbols that reflect the values of American culture. For example, pageant winners have symbolized the advances made by formerly disenfranchised groups. Vanessa Williams, the first African American to win the Miss America crown (1983), rewrote the definition of beauty in America, and Heather Whitestone, the first deaf Miss America (1995), proved that physical handicaps need not hold anyone back from their dreams. Pageants can provide a focus for the re-examination of our society and culture. The tragic murder of six-year-old Jonbenet Ramsey in 1996 provided a window into what author Susan Anderson calls "the extravagant world of child beauty pageants," that led to public debate about issues of motherhood and adolescence.

In addition, beauty pageants can be viewed in advertising terms: they are the ultimate expression of the tried and true adage that sex sells. All pageants have sponsors and all sponsors want their products to be seen in a positive light. Some sponsors are content to contribute goods and services to the contestants --a new car, a trip to the Caribbean, a fur coat, etc. --so that their generosity can be noted in the publicity surrounding the contest. Others prefer to sponsor the entire program. The Miss Universe contest, for example, was created in 1952 by the Jantzen Company specifically to enable the company to showcase pretty girls wearing its swimsuits. Jantzen abruptly withdrew its previous support of the Miss America pageant when Yolande Betbeze refused to wear a bathing suit during her reign as Miss America 1951. The Maid of Cotton pageant is a highly organized, year-long, very visible public relations program that allows the National Cotton Council to showcase the wonders of cotton through the wonders of young beauty queens. Attractive young women are the perfect vehicle for promoting fashionable fabrics made from cotton.

Cotton --the product at the heart of the Maid of Cotton program --has been central to American economic and political history. NMAH's collecting and research interests reflect this. The Division of Work & Industry contains numerous cotton-related objects and much documentation on the subject. The Archives Center holds several cotton-related collections, including the Peter Paul Haring Papers, 1897-1935, documenting Haring's development of cotton picking machinery; the Lockwood Greene collection of thousands of engineering drawings, many of which were for textile mills; the Robert L. Shurr Script and Scrapbook for a 1939 biographical motion picture on Dr. George Washington Carver; and the Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records, 1985-1992, which documents modern cotton farming through photography and oral history interviews. In addition, all aspects of cotton production, from farm to factory to finished goods, are documented in several hundred photos in the Underwood & Underwood Agricultural Photonegative Collection, the Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, the Division of Work & Industry Lantern Slide Collection, and the Donald Sultner-Welles Photograph Collection. Cultural aspects of cotton can be discovered in both the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana and in the DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music." (Orr, Craig. "NMAH Collections Committee", memorandum, 2009)

Series 1, Organizational and Pageant Files, 1939-1993, undated., is arranged chronologically by year. Files may contain correspondence, photographs, news clippings, radio commercial scripts, tear sheets, itineraries, trip reports, sheet music, legal documents, waivers, and permissions, and other material related to the Maid of Cotton pageant for that year. Files may also contain subsequent personal information on the Maid of Cotton for that year, for example change of address, news clippings, and the like. This series contains finalist files, trip files and tour report files.

Series 2, Photographs, Slides, and Transparencies, 1939-1994, undated., is arranged chronologically by year. This series contains photographs, slides, and transparencies related to the Maid of Cotton and her travels throughout the United States and overseas. It also contains photographs of the fashions worn by each Maid.

Series 3, Scrapbooks, 1951-1988, contains the scrapbooks created by the National Cotton Council office as well as scrapbooks created by the Maids themselves or others for her. Scrapbooks most often contain news clippings, ephemera, and sometimes correspondence.

Series 4, Audio-Visual, 1991-1993. This series contains video and audio related to the Maid of Cotton. It is currently unprocessed.
Arrangement:
This collection is arranged into four series.

Series 1: Organizational and Pageant Files, 1939-1993, undated

Subseries 1.1: Maid of Cotton files, 1939-1993

Subseries 1.2: Little Miss Cotton, 1956-1963, undated

Series 2: Photographs, Slides, and Transparencies, 1939-1994, undated

Subseries 2.1: Photographic Negatives and Transparencies, 1939-1993, undated

Subseries 2.2: Slides, 1939-1993, undated

Series 3: Scrapbooks, 1951-1988

Series 4: Audio-Visual, 1991-1993, undated
Biographical / Historical:
The Maid of Cotton pageant began in 1939. The annual pageant was sponsored by the National Cotton Council (NCC), Memphis Cotton Carnival, and the Cotton Exchanges of Memphis, New York, and New Orleans. The pageant was held in Memphis, Tennessee, in conjunction with the Carnival until the 1980s.

In mid-December every year the NCC released a list of contestants. Contestants were required to have been born in one of the cotton-producing states: Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Mexico, North and South Carolina, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Texas or Virginia. They might have also been born in the cotton-producing counties of Alexander, Jefferson, Massac, Pulaski, Williamson or Madison, Illinois or in Clark or Nye counties of Nevada. There were usually twenty contestants each year.

Contestants were judged on personality, good manners, intelligence, and family background as well as beauty and an ability to model. A Top Ten were chosen and then a Top Five, and finally second and first runners up and a winner. Winners served as goodwill and fashion ambassadors of the cotton industry in a five-month, all-expense tour of American cities. In the mid-1950s the tour expanded globally. In the late 1950s a Little Miss Cotton pageant was begun but lasted only until 1963 before being discontinued. In the mid-1980s Dallas,Texas took over the pageant, in conjunction with the NCC and its overseas division, Cotton Council International. In 1986, to bolster interest and participation, the NCC eliminated the rule requiring contestants to be born in a cotton-producing state. The pageant was discontinued in 1993, one of the reasons being that Cotton Inc. stopped contributing scholarship money as well as waning public interest and changing marketing strategies. (pageantopolis.com website accessed April 2012.)

"The National Cotton Council is the official trade association of the cotton industry. The NCC was founded in 1939 to promote the interests of cotton farmers, ginners, brokers, and manufacturers from the Southern, cotton-growing states. Its mission evolved over the years as new uses for cotton and its byproducts have been found; as competition from synthetic fibers developed; as fashion tastes changed; as government regulation increased; and in response to foreign competition in both farming and manufacturing . The NCC website states that its modern-day mission is "to ensure the ability of all U.S. cotton industry segments to compete effectively and profitably in the raw cotton, oilseed and U.S.-manufactured product markets at home and abroad." Throughout its existence, the NCC has been the contact point for issues affecting its members, legislators in Congress, allied agribusiness, and consumers.

One of the first NCC programs undertaken by to promote the versatility and value of cotton to consumers was the Maid of Cotton program, begun in 1939. This consisted of a beauty pageant open to young women born in one of the seventeen southern cotton growing states. The contestants were evaluated on the basis of beauty, personality, poise, good manners, and intelligence; a family background in cotton production was especially helpful. The girls had to apply for selection to compete in the program. At first this was done directly to the Memphis-based program but eventually a system of state Maid of Cotton programs were established, whose winners went on to compete in the national Maid of Cotton contest. The Maid of Cotton received numerous prizes, whose value and variety tended to increase over the years. In the late 1940s, the program added a scholarship prize, probably in emulation of the Miss America contest. The Maid of Cotton pageant was held each December in Memphis as part of that city's Cotton Carnival festivities. The winner was featured prominently on her own float in the Cotton Carnival parade, was feted at prestigious Carnival events, and was treated as royalty wherever she went. Selection as the Maid of Cotton carried a high degree of status and mature ladies in the South to this day proudly identify themselves as such.

The Maid of Cotton's main function, once crowned, was to serve as a goodwill and fashion ambassador for cotton; any publicity she gained was automatically positive publicity for the cotton industry. Accompanied by an NCC-appointed manager, the Maids embarked on an all-expenses-paid tour. The Maids appeared in full regalia at public events such as county fairs, parades, and holiday events; starred in fashion shows featuring all-cotton outfits; gave speeches to local chambers of commerce and other groups; and in general were the attractive personification of the cotton industry wherever they went. At first, the tours concentrated on the cotton states but they were later extended to major cities outside the cotton belt and came to include visits to legislators on Capitol Hill. Beginning in the mid-1950s, the Maids began touring internationally and in the 1970s and 1980s they frequently headed up fashion shows in Asia.

Over time, however, the publicity value of an industry-anointed beauty queen lost its attraction both to the public and --more importantly --to the press. In addition, the role of cotton in the South, particularly in Memphis, declined. In 1986 the contest was moved from Memphis to Dallas. Eventually the cotton industry withdrew its support for the program's scholarships; the 1993 Maid of Cotton was the last to be crowned." (Orr, Craig. "NMAH Collections Committee", memorandum, 2009)
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center

National Cotton Council Records, circa 1960s-1980s (AC1177)

Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records, 1986-1991 (AC0773)
Provenance:
This collection was donated by the Cotton Museum at the Memphis Cotton Exchange on October 14, 2009.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but the negatives are stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Beauty contestants  Search this
Cotton textile industry  Search this
Cotton industry  Search this
Beauty contests -- United States  Search this
Genre/Form:
Videocassettes
Slides (photographs)
Scrapbooks -- 20th century
Reports
Programs -- 20th century
Photographs -- 20th century
Photograph albums -- 20th century
Audiotapes
Citation:
Maid of Cotton Records, 1939-1993, undated, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1176
See more items in:
Maid of Cotton Records
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f53d73b9-ea20-46d7-a006-fb4122e3ad71
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1176
Online Media:

An Introduction to the Ozarks: It’s Not What You Might Expect

Creator:
Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this
Type:
Blog posts
Smithsonian staff publications
Blog posts
Published Date:
Mon, 03 Apr 2023 01:25:00 GMT
Topic:
Cultural property  Search this
See more posts:
Festival Blog
Data Source:
Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:posts_34422af30cbd4e5c8fb55540fc135cc3

Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records

Director:
Daniel, Pete  Search this
Interviewee:
Accardo, Paul  Search this
Aguirre, Gloria Olmos  Search this
Allen, David  Search this
Anderson, Adra  Search this
Anderson, Walter  Search this
Andrews, John William  Search this
Ardoin, Leslie  Search this
Bailey, Charles  Search this
Bailey, Howard Taft  Search this
Baird, George E., Jr.  Search this
Baronet, Joe  Search this
Bell, Walter M.  Search this
Bennett, Novella  Search this
Bennett, W.J.  Search this
Benson, Dick  Search this
Benton, Aubrey  Search this
Benton, Ina Belle  Search this
Blackstock, Tom  Search this
Blackstock, Velva  Search this
Blanchard, J.F.  Search this
Booth, Mrs. N.J.  Search this
Booth, N.J.  Search this
Bosselman, Willie  Search this
Bossleman, Norman  Search this
Bowman, Wilbert A.  Search this
Bradford, Nara N.  Search this
Bradford, Norwood)  Search this
Brantley, L.D.  Search this
Breaux, Jessie Al., Sr.  Search this
Brinkley, Johnnie  Search this
Brinkley, Lucile  Search this
Broussard, Sam  Search this
Brown, Gordon  Search this
Brown, Mamie  Search this
Bunting, Benny  Search this
Bunting, Joe  Search this
Burkett, Ben  Search this
Burkett, Bennie F.  Search this
Bush, Miller  Search this
Byers, Ruby  Search this
Byers, Sanford  Search this
Caesar, Clarence  Search this
Carline, Herman C.  Search this
Carnahan, Cotton  Search this
Carter, Ethel H.  Search this
Castleberry, Guy W.  Search this
Caughron, Kermit  Search this
Caughron, Rex  Search this
Caughron, Roy  Search this
Cazer, Garland  Search this
Ceras, Delfino  Search this
Claffery, Clegg, Sr.  Search this
Clapp, Clyde  Search this
Clark, Fletcher Talmadge  Search this
Clayton, WIlliam P.  Search this
Cockerham, Lester  Search this
Cockerham, Marie  Search this
Cole, Buster  Search this
Coleman, Harold  Search this
Coleman, Mrs. Harold  Search this
Colvin, R.C.  Search this
Comeaux, Lewis  Search this
Connell, Alton  Search this
Cromertie, John L.  Search this
Crosby, Ruth  Search this
Crosby, Victor  Search this
Cummins, Mary Lee  Search this
Cummins, W.R.  Search this
Cunningham, Tom  Search this
Daniel, Florentine  Search this
Davies, W. J. K.  Search this
Davis, Fredda  Search this
Davis, Otto  Search this
Davis, Pauline  Search this
Delasbour, Anna  Search this
Derbigney, Durrell  Search this
Dillard, John T.  Search this
Dorminy, Henry Clayton  Search this
Dove, Dorothy  Search this
Ducrest, Jesse  Search this
Dulaney, T.W.  Search this
Elam, Edward  Search this
Feilke, Mabel  Search this
Felknor, Jessie F.  Search this
Finchum, Amos  Search this
Finchum, Eva  Search this
Fleming, Arthur B.  Search this
Fletcher, Mrs. Merle Ford  Search this
Flores, Roque Olmos  Search this
Foster, Jim  Search this
Foster, Vergie  Search this
Friesen, Viola Liechty  Search this
Gardner, C.E.  Search this
Garrich, Carl  Search this
Gay, Andrew  Search this
George, Leler  Search this
Gosney, Jessie  Search this
Gosney, Kenneth  Search this
Gray, Leonard  Search this
Gray, Wardell  Search this
Green, Alone  Search this
Green, Clarence  Search this
Griffin, A.C.  Search this
Griffin, Grace  Search this
Hahn, E.L.  Search this
Hall, Joe  Search this
Haransky, Charlotte  Search this
Harper, Woodrow, Sr.  Search this
Harrington, A.M.  Search this
Harris, Edna  Search this
Harris, John, Rev.  Search this
Harris, Robert B.  Search this
Hawkins, Charlie  Search this
Hemphill, Elvin  Search this
Hemphill, Mattie  Search this
Hill, Frank  Search this
Jefcoat, Laz  Search this
Jensen, Olga B.  Search this
Johnson, Herbert  Search this
Kilby, T.H.  Search this
Knight, Martin  Search this
Koen, Eulah  Search this
Lamson, Alfred Ellis  Search this
Landry, Steve  Search this
Lane, Clyde D.  Search this
Laney, John B.  Search this
Langley, Nellie  Search this
Latoilas, Donald  Search this
Lawrimore, Rufus B.  Search this
Leary, Mrs. Stillman  Search this
Leary, Stillman  Search this
Legnon, Hilton  Search this
Legnon, Lena Porrier  Search this
Lenius, Jane  Search this
Lewis, Bobby  Search this
Lewis, Dorothy  Search this
Lewis, Ralph  Search this
Littlejohn, Andrew  Search this
Loewer, Arthur  Search this
Long, Welchel  Search this
Lowder, Clayton  Search this
Lowder, Kathy R.  Search this
Mangum, O.L.  Search this
Martin, Lillian  Search this
McBrayer, Loomis  Search this
McCarty, Ben  Search this
McGee, Dean  Search this
Mercer, Midi  Search this
Minchew, Edna  Search this
Mire, John  Search this
Mohamed, Ethel Wright  Search this
Moody, Edgar  Search this
Morris, Edward  Search this
Murphree, Leo  Search this
Murray, Lurline S.  Search this
Nacquin, Leo  Search this
Nix, Agnes  Search this
Nix, Joe  Search this
Parker, Jonah  Search this
Patout, William A.  Search this
Patterson, Vanona  Search this
Pender, Bessie  Search this
Petticrew, Donald  Search this
Player, C.B., Jr.  Search this
Porter, Virginia  Search this
Proffitt, Harry, Jr.  Search this
Purvis, Clyde  Search this
Redmond, Virgie  Search this
Reed, Bunice  Search this
Reed, Howard  Search this
Rice, Frank  Search this
Richardson, Rosetta  Search this
Rivers, Marion  Search this
Roberts, Gerti  Search this
Roberts, James  Search this
Rodriguez, Ignacio  Search this
Rountree, G. Emory  Search this
Rucker, William  Search this
Salas, Maria  Search this
Sarten, Della  Search this
Scoggins, Lillie  Search this
Scroggins, Alma M.  Search this
Seidenschwarz, Rosie  Search this
Seidenstricker, L.F.  Search this
Seidenstricker, Laverne  Search this
Serrano, Adolofo  Search this
Serrano, Edith  Search this
Serrano, Lidia  Search this
Shannon, Jack  Search this
Shepherd, Grady  Search this
Sims, Lavana  Search this
Sizemore, Martiel  Search this
Skinner, Annie  Search this
Skinner, Jarvis  Search this
Smith, Ethel  Search this
Smith, George  Search this
Soileau, Rouseb  Search this
Spicer, J.M.  Search this
Spivey, Wayland  Search this
Starke, Granville  Search this
Steen, Albert  Search this
Stowers, J.W.  Search this
Strange, Fred  Search this
Strohl, Carl  Search this
Strohl, Mary  Search this
Sumner, Ruby C.  Search this
Temple, Effie  Search this
Thomas, Lottie  Search this
Thompson, Mioma  Search this
Thresto, Chuck  Search this
Tomlinson, Clifton  Search this
Turner, Mrs. O.C.  Search this
Van Houten, Rosetta  Search this
Van Houten, Rudy  Search this
Vickers, Lloyd  Search this
Vidrine, Levie A.  Search this
Walton, W.W.  Search this
Watson, Mary  Search this
Welborn, S.L.  Search this
Wells, Arnalee  Search this
Wells, Homer, Dr.  Search this
White, Wallace  Search this
Wigley, Mabry  Search this
Willey, Gretchen  Search this
Willey, John F.  Search this
Winskie, Dent  Search this
Woodard, Henry  Search this
Yohe, Alma M.  Search this
Yohe, Perry  Search this
Young, Walter  Search this
Interviewer:
Jones, Lu Ann  Search this
Extent:
27.2 Cubic feet (83 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Project files
Questionnaires
Black-and-white photographic prints
Place:
Arkansas -- Agriculture
Mississippi -- Agriculture
Georgia -- Agriculture
South Carolina -- Agriculture
Tennessee -- Agriculture
Virginia -- Agriculture
North Carolina -- Agriculture
Louisiana -- Agriculture
Date:
1986-1991, undated
Summary:
An extensive collection of oral histories conducted by Lu Ann Jones throughout the southern United States between 1985-1991. A few oral histories were conducted by Pete Daniel in the early 1980s. Subjects include all facets of agriculture in the south.
Scope and Contents note:
The collection is divided into four series. Series 1: Oral History Transcripts, 1982-1991 are transcribed versions of the oral interviews. Correspondence and/or notes pertaining to the interviewed individual collected or written by the interviewer are filed in this series following the transcription. The majority of the oral histories were done by Lu Ann Jones between1985-1991. There are a few interviews done by Pete Daniel in the early 1980s and some reference copies of oral histories done elsewhere. This series is divided into eight sub-series: Sub-series 1.1: Arkansas, Sub-series 1.2: Georgia, Sub-series 1.3: Louisiana, Sub-series 1.4: Mississippi, Sub-series 1.5: North Carolina (including transcripts of the Mexican Workers Project in English and Spanish), Sub-series 1.6: South Carolina, Sub-series 1.7: Tennessee, and Sub-series 1.8: Virginia. Files are arranged alphabetically by state and there under by name; within the file materials are arranged chronologically. Interview files may contain transcribed copies of the oral history interviews and subsequent draft copies with corrections by the interviewer or subject. The file also may contain distillations or edited versions of the interview done by the researcher for possible publication. Correspondence and notes files may include Life History Forms, correspondence, newspaper articles, interviewer's notes, business cards, and paper copies of photographs. Signed releases are on file in the registrar's office, NMAH, with copies in the control file of the Archives Center.

Series 2: Project Files and Reference Materials, 1928-2004 contain notes and correspondence kept by Jones in support of the oral history project. This series is divided into four sub-series: Sub-series 2.1: State Files, Sub-series 2.2: Project and Reference Files, 1985-1991, Sub-series 2.3: Reference Publications, Pamphlets and Articles, 1928-2004 and Sub-series 2d: Computer Floppy Disks, 1985 and undated. This series include bills, receipts, photo orders, travel brochures, reference materials, articles, correspondence, fundraising proposals and materials, USDA Extension Service bulletins, product cookbooks, and ephemera. These materials are valuable in documenting the methodology of the oral history project. They are also valuable in detailing the funding and maintenance of the project over its five-year lifespan. There is also a great deal of information on black farmers. This series is arranged alphabetically by state and county or by article/publication title and within the file chronologically.

Series 3: Photographic Prints and Slides, 1987-1991 documenting the individuals interviewed, their homes and businesses, and geographic locations that were studied as part of the oral history project. The series is arranged numerically then chronologically by year. This series is followed by detailed photographic descriptions arranged alphabetically by state then subject. Photograph files contain photographs taken by a Smithsonian photographer or Jones and any copies of photographs supplied by the subject. Most of the photographs are black and white.

Series 4: Original Interview Tapes and Reference Compact Discs (CD), 1986-1991 are the original tapes of the individual interviews conducted by Jones. This series is divided into eight sub-series. Reference numbers for CDs matching the original tapes are noted after the tapes. CDs 495-497 are for the Smithsonian Photographer's Show: Sub-series 4.1: Arkansas, Sub-series 4.2: Georgia, Sub-series 4.3: Louisiana, Sub-series 4.4: Mississippi, Sub-series 4.5: North Carolina (within this sub-series are the transcripts of the Mexican Workers Project there may be an English language transcription as well as one in Spanish), Sub-series 4.6: South Carolina, Sub-series 4.7: Tennessee and Sub-series 4.8: Virginia and Sub-series 4.9: Miscellaneous and Duplicates, within the sub-series tapes are arranged alphabetically by subject.
Arrangement:
The collection is divided into four series:

Series 1, Oral History Transcript

Series 2, Project Files

Series 3, Photographic Prints and Slides

Series 4, Original Oral History Interview Tapes and Reference Compact Discs (CDs) are the original interview tapes and the accompanying reference copy cds.
History:
The history of the American South is intricately entwined with the history of agriculture in North America. Until very recently, post 1950, the South was predominately rural and agricultural in both its production and culture. By the 1980s American agriculture, and particularly agriculture in the south, was under attack on various fronts especially cultural, financial, and technological. This assault threatened the very existence of the small and family farm. Many small farming operations went bankrupt and the face of American agriculture was becoming more corporate. It was amidst these troubling times that the Agricultural Division of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History undertook a massive project to document southern agriculture through oral history.

Through the efforts of NMAH staff, Pete Daniel, curator and project director, LuAnn Jones, researcher, and with countless support from staff photographers and personnel, Jones conducted approximately 159 interviews of individual persons, couples and sometimes small groups, in eight southern states over a five year period, 1986-1991. The project was funded by a series of grants from various sources. Not only were oral histories taken but also substantial documentary photographs and slides of the many interviewees. The interviews ranged from individual farmers to individuals at companies and corporations involved with agriculture. The range of crops discussed included tobacco, cotton and rice. The project interviewed a wide range of subjects: male, female, black, white, and Mexican. The project has contributed to at least two books, Mama Learned Us to Work: Farm Women in the New South by LuAnn Jones and Like a Family: The Making of a Southern Cotton Mill World by Jacquelyn Dowd Hall and others of which Jones was a contributing author.
Related Collections:
Materials in the Archives Center

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana (NMAH.AC.0060)

Kulp Collection of Account Books, 1755-1904 (NMAH.AC.0149)

Robinson and Via Family Papers (NMAH.AC.0475)

William C. Kost Farm Records (NMAH.AC.0481)

Timothy B. Bladen, Southern Maryland Photoprints (NMAH.AC.0767)
Provenance:
A transfer from the Division of History of Technology (Agriculture), NMAH, July 2001
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Unprotected photographs must be handled with gloves.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Farm life -- 20th century  Search this
Farmers -- Arkansas  Search this
Agricultural laborers  Search this
Agriculture -- History  Search this
Periodicals  Search this
Farmers -- Georgia  Search this
Farmers -- Louisiana  Search this
Farmers -- Mexico  Search this
Farmers -- Mississippi  Search this
Farmers -- North Carolina  Search this
Farmers -- South Carolina  Search this
Farmers -- Tennessee  Search this
Farmers -- Virginia  Search this
Genre/Form:
Project files
Questionnaires
Black-and-white photographic prints -- Silver gelatin -- 1950-2000
Citation:
Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records, 1985-1992, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0773
See more items in:
Southern Agriculture Oral History Project Records
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8d5503365-fe60-4501-9a93-da8df9a4bb7e
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0773
Online Media:

Second Year No.28

Creator:
New Negro Alliance (Washington, D.C.)  Search this
Names:
Hastie, William, 1904-1976  Search this
Container:
Box 1
Type:
Archival materials
Text
Advertisements
Place:
Washington (D.C.)
Date:
September 22, 1934
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist at ACMarchives@si.edu
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
African American newspapers  Search this
Activism  Search this
Discrimination in employment  Search this
Business enterprises  Search this
Genre/Form:
Advertisements -- 20th century
Collection Citation:
Anacostia Community Museum Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
New Negro Opinion newspaper
New Negro Opinion newspaper / Series 1: December 1933- December 1934
Archival Repository:
Anacostia Community Museum Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/qa765b2093b-ee00-49c8-b502-0ce4e489584d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-acma-10-012-3-ref24
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Heth, Eugene B.

Collection Creator:
Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this
Container:
Box 6, Folder 10
Type:
Archival materials
Text
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Permissions Requests
Collection Citation:
Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection
Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1
Archival Repository:
National Air and Space Museum Archives
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2312082d1-281f-40e3-b9ff-2efb5acacd52
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref165
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Volume 1 (7)

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
Apr. 1866–Sept. 1867
Collection Restrictions:
Freedmen's Bureau Digital Collection, 1865–1872, is a product of and owned by the National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Copyright for digital images is retained by the donor, FamilySearch International; permission for commercial use of the digital images may be requested from FamilySearch International, Intellectual Property Office, at: cor-intellectualproperty@ldschurch.org.
Collection Citation:
Courtesy of the U. S. National Archives and Records Administration, FamilySearch International, and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Identifier:
NMAAHC.FB.M821, Subseries 2.1
See more items in:
Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Texas Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1869
Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Texas Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1869 / Series 2: Endorsements Sent
Archival Repository:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io30f9f08d5-e071-4782-af09-fa8e452c388e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmaahc-fb-m821-ref60
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  • View Volume 1 (7) digital asset number 1

Hunt, Mrs. H. L.

Collection Creator:
Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this
Container:
Box 49, Folder 20
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
1930-1939
Collection Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records / Series 1: Correspondence / 1.3: General Correspondence
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9b9d98e01-c87f-4bd6-aacd-5bafaa7abeec
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aaa-jacqself-ref10132
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Auburn, Alabama, Alabama Polytechnic Institute

Collection Creator:
Jacques Seligmann & Co  Search this
Container:
Box 104, Folder 9
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1948-1950
Collection Restrictions:
Use of original papers requires an appointment.
Collection Rights:
The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.
Collection Citation:
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records, 1904-1978, bulk 1913-1974. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.
See more items in:
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records
Jacques Seligmann & Co. records / Series 1: Correspondence / 1.4: Museum Correspondence
Archival Repository:
Archives of American Art
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9dc38fd13-656e-4da8-93bf-8a71d57bf7d5
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-aaa-jacqself-ref11736
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Official Duties, Personnel, Integration (see also oversized, Box 163)

Collection Creator:
Davis, Benjamin O., Jr., 1912-  Search this
Container:
Box 9, Folder 20
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
No restrictions on access
Collection Rights:
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Collection Citation:
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  • View Official Duties, Personnel, Integration (see also oversized, Box 163) digital asset number 1

Records of the Field Offices for the State of Mississippi, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872

Extent:
65 Reels
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Reels
Date:
1865–1872
Summary:
The collection is comprised of digital surrogates previously available on the 65 rolls of microfilm described in the NARA publication M1907. These digital surrogates reproduced the records of the Mississippi headquarters for the Assistant Commissioner and his staff officers and the subordinate field offices of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872. The files contain some pre–Bureau record series, dated 1863–1864, that were created by military commanders and U. S. Treasury agents who dealt with refugees and freedmen during the Civil War. These records consist of bound volumes and unbound records, containing materials that include letters sent and received, monthly reports, registers of complaints, and other records relating to freedmen's claims and bounty payments.
Records Description:
These records consist of volumes and unbound records. The volumes reproduced in this publication were originally arranged by the Freedmen's Bureau by type of record and thereunder by volume number. No numbers were assigned to series consisting of single volumes. Years later, all volumes were assigned numbers by the Adjutant General's Office (AGO) of the War Department after the records came into its custody. In this publication, AGO numbers are shown in parentheses to aid in identifying the volumes. The National Archives assigned the volume numbers that are not in parentheses. In some volumes, particularly in indexes and alphabetical headings of registers, there are blank numbered pages that have not been filmed.

The volumes consist of letters and endorsements sent and received, press copies of letters sent, registers of letters received, letters and orders received, registers of freedmen issued rations, special orders and circulars issued, registers of bounty claimants, and monthly reports forwarded to the Assistant Commissioner. The unbound documents consist of letters and orders received, unregistered letters and narrative reports received, special orders and circulars issued, and general orders and circulars received. The unbound records also contain monthly reports; amnesty oaths; applications of freedmen for rations; and records relating to claims, court trials, property restoration, and homesteads.

A few series were created in 1863–1864, prior to formation of the Bureau, by Union military commanders and U. S. Treasury agents, and included in the Bureau records. Some of the volumes contain more than one type of record, reflecting a common recording practice of clerks and staff officers in that period. In Series 2.2, for example, the Registers of Letters Received also contain a register of criminal cases maintained by the judge advocate of the district of Vicksburg. Researchers should read carefully the records descriptions and arrangements in the finding aid to make full use of these records.
Historical Note:
[The following is reproduced from the original NARA descriptive pamphlet for M1907.]

HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION

The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, also known as the Freedmen's Bureau, was established in the War Department by an act of Congress on March 3, 1865 (13 Stat. 507). The life of the Bureau was extended twice by acts of July 16, 1866 (14 Stat. 173), and July 6, 1868 (15 Stat. 83). The Bureau was responsible for the supervision and management of all matters relating to refugees and freedmen, and of lands abandoned or seized during the Civil War. In May 1865, President Andrew Johnson appointed Maj. Gen. Oliver Otis Howard as Commissioner of the Bureau, and Howard served in that position until June 30, 1872, when activities of the Bureau were terminated in accordance with an act of June 10, 1872 (17 Stat. 366). While a major part of the Bureau's early activities involved the supervision of abandoned and confiscated property, its mission was to provide relief and help freedmen become self–sufficient. Bureau officials issued rations and clothing, operated hospitals and refugee camps, and supervised labor contracts. In addition, the Bureau managed apprenticeship disputes and complaints, assisted benevolent societies in the establishment of schools, helped freedmen in legalizing marriages entered into during slavery, and provided transportation to refugees and freedmen who were attempting to reunite with their family or relocate to other parts of the country. The Bureau also helped black soldiers, sailors, and their heirs collect bounty claims, pensions, and back pay.

The act of March 3, 1865, authorized the appointment of Assistant Commissioners to aid the Commissioner in supervising the work of the Bureau in the former Confederate states, the border states, and the District of Columbia. While the work performed by Assistant Commissioners in each state was similar, the organizational structure of staff officers varied from state to state. At various times, the staff could consist of a superintendent of education, an assistant adjutant general, an assistant inspector general, a disbursing officer, a chief medical officer, a chief quartermaster, and a commissary of subsistence. Subordinate to these officers were the assistant superintendents, or subassistant commissioners as they later became known, who commanded the subdistricts.

The Assistant Commissioner corresponded extensively with both his superior in the Washington Bureau headquarters and his subordinate officers in the subdistricts. Based upon reports submitted to him by the subassistant commissioners and other subordinate staff officers, he prepared reports that he sent to the Commissioner concerning Bureau activities in areas under his jurisdiction. The Assistant Commissioner also received letters from freedmen, local white citizens, state officials, and other non–Bureau personnel. These letters varied in nature from complaints to applications for jobs in the Bureau. Because the assistant adjutant general handled much of the mail for the Assistant Commissioner's office, letters were often addressed to him instead of to the Assistant Commissioner.

In a circular issued by Commissioner Howard in July 1865, the Assistant Commissioners were instructed to designate one officer in each state to serve as "General Superintendents of Schools." These officials were to "take cognizance of all that is being done to educate refugees and freedmen, secure proper protection to schools and teachers, promote method and efficiency, correspond with the benevolent agencies which are supplying his field, and aid the Assistant Commissioner in making his required reports." In October 1865, a degree of centralized control was established over Bureau educational activities in the states when Rev. John W. Alvord was appointed Inspector of Finances and Schools. In January 1867, Alvord was divested of his financial responsibilities, and he was appointed General Superintendent of Education.

An act of Congress, approved July 25, 1868 (15 Stat. 193), ordered that the Commissioner of the Bureau "shall, on the first day of January next, cause the said bureau to be withdrawn from the several States within which said bureau has acted and its operation shall be discontinued." Consequently, in early 1869, with the exception of the superintendents of education and the claims agents, the Assistant Commissioners and their subordinate officers were withdrawn from the states.

For the next year and a half the Bureau continued to pursue its education work and to process claims. In the summer of 1870, the superintendents of education were withdrawn from the states, and the headquarters staff was greatly reduced. From that time until the Bureau was abolished by an act of Congress approved June 10, 1872 (17 Stat. 366), effective June 30, 1872, the Bureau's functions related almost exclusively to the disposition of claims. The Bureau's records and remaining functions were then transferred to the Freedmen's Branch in the office of the Adjutant General. The records of this branch are among the Bureau's files.

THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU IN MISSISSIPPI

ORGANIZATION

The first Assistant Commissioner of Mississippi was Col. Samuel Thomas, who established his headquarters at Vicksburg in June 1865. Before his appointment to the Freedmen's Bureau, Colonel Thomas served in Mississippi within Chaplain John Eaton's Freedmen's Department of the Department of Tennessee. The functions and activities of the Freedmen's Department in Mississippi were similar to those of the later Bureau. Although the size and organization of the Mississippi office varied from time to time, the Assistant Commissioner's staff usually included an acting adjutant general, an assistant inspector general, and a surgeon in chief, a superintendent of education, a disbursing officer, and a chief commissary of subsistence.

At the start of operations in Mississippi, officers subordinate to the Assistant Commissioner were organized in a hierarchical manner. The state of Mississippi and the parishes of Madison, Carroll, Concordia, and Tenas in northeastern Louisiana were divided into the Western, Southern, and Northern Districts, with an acting assistant commissioner in charge of each district. Subassistant commissioners in charge of subdistricts, which usually encompassed several counties, reported directly to the acting assistant commissioners, who, in turn, reported to the Assistant Commissioner. In January 1866, the Louisiana parishes were placed within the jurisdiction of the Assistant Commissioner for Louisiana. In March 1866, the three districts were discontinued; thereafter, the subassistant commissioners or the civilian agents in charge of subdistricts reported directly to the Assistant Commissioner.

Colonel Thomas was succeeded by three other officers who acted as both Assistant Commissioners and military commanders in Mississippi. In April 1866, Gen. Thomas J. Wood was appointed Assistant Commissioner for Mississippi; he was succeeded in January 1867 by Gen. Alvan C. Gillem. In March 1869, Gen. Adelbert Ames was appointed Assistant Commissioner; he established his headquarters at Jackson and supervised the closing of the office of the Assistant Commissioner. Gen. Ames's appointment was revoked on April 30, 1869. The major subordinate field offices for the Bureau at Mississippi included those with headquarters at Jackson, Lauderdale, Natchez, and Vicksburg. For a list of known Mississippi subordinate field office personnel and their dates of service, see the Appendix.

ACTIVITIES

The major activities of the Freedmen's Bureau in Mississippi generally resembled those conducted in other states. The Bureau issued rations to both freedmen and white refugees, supervised labor contracts between planters and freedmen, administered justice, worked with benevolent societies in the establishment of schools, provided assistance in legalizing freedmen marriages, and assisted, to a limited extent, in locating land for freedmen.

The Freedmen's Bureau sought to prevent widespread starvation and destitution in Mississippi by issuing more than 180,000 rations to both whites and blacks in 1865, and 170,000 rations to blacks and white refugees in 1866. Also in 1866, Commissioner Howard ordered an end to rations except for freedmen in Bureau hospitals and orphanages. By December 1868, the Bureau's relief efforts in Mississippi ceased.1

The regulation of written labor agreements between planters and freedmen was a major concern of the Freedmen's Bureau in Mississippi. In General Orders Number 5 (July 29, 1865), Assistant Commissioner Thomas outlined the rules governing the free labor system in the state. He specified that all contracts between freedmen and planters must be in writing and approved by the Bureau. Contracts were not to exceed one year, and any contracts involving wages must allow for food, clothing, and medical attention. The Bureau settled disputes. Between 1865 and 1866, numerous freedmen complained of inadequate compensation for their labor. Freedmen who worked for "Shares" (for a portion of the crop) found themselves in debt to planters at the end of the season, and thus forced to contract for the next year to pay their obligations. Blacks who worked for wages were frequently cheated of their pay and in some instances, like those who worked for shares, were "Driven Off" once the crops were harvested. Assistant Commissioner T. J. Wood, who replaced Thomas in 1867, instituted a plan by which freedmen contracted with planters for a portion of the crop. Freedmen were to receive one–third of the crop, and planters were to supply land, stock, tools and food. Clothing, medicines, and the cost of rations provided to children too young to work would be taken from the freedmen's share of the crop at the end of the year. By 1868, a modified version of the "Share System" became the most prevalent kind of labor agreement in Mississippi. Freedmen who worked land provided by the planters paid a stipulated rent or a certain amount of cotton or corn for the use of the land. By and large, this labor arrangement allowed freedmen to rely less on credit from planters and more on their own resources for supplies.2

Safeguarding rights and securing justice for freedmen was also of great concern to the Bureau. Following the Civil War, several Southern states, including Mississippi, enacted a series of laws commonly known as "Black Codes," which restricted the rights and legal status of freedmen. Under Mississippi law, for example, blacks could not rent or lease land outside cities and towns, thus restricting their ability to become independent farmers. Freedmen who were not lawfully employed by the second Monday of each January were considered vagrants, and as such, were subject to fines and imprisonment. Freedmen were prohibited from owning firearms without a license, and black children who were deemed orphans could be bound out as apprentices without their parents' permission. Assistant Commissioner Thomas issued General Orders Number 8 (September 20, 1865), which offered Mississippi judicial officials the opportunity to try freedmen cases in local courts (without interference from the Bureau) if they would afford blacks the same "Rights and Privileges" as whites. In October 1865, after Mississippi officials agreed to accept his offer, Thomas ordered that all cases relating to freedmen were to be handled by Mississippi judges and magistrates. However, it was not until the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 that the Freedmen's Bureau in Mississippi was able to achieve some degree of equal justice for freedmen.3

From July 1865 to July 1866, the educational activity of the Bureau in Mississippi was under the direction of Dr. Joseph Warren. Following his resignation, the duties of the superintendent of education were performed by Assistant Commissioners for eight months, until H. R. Pease assumed the duties of the office on May 18, 1867. Pease found that some 63 teachers were employed in the major towns and villages by various educational and benevolent associations, and that another 31 teachers, who received aid from the Bureau, were employed by freedmen. Many of the schools, however, lacked adequate buildings, and in schools in areas where the black population was small, freedmen were unable to support teachers' salaries. Teachers and trustees had difficulty collecting tuition from pupils, and, with no teaching standards, some teachers were unfit to teach. The Bureau cooperated with educational and benevolent societies, and encouraged freedmen to contribute to the support of their schools by paying a monthly tuition. By December 1868, the number of pupils attending freedmen schools increased from over 2,000 in October 1867 to more than 6,000, and the number of freedmen schools increased from 47 to 115. Teachers commissioned by educational societies increased from 13 to 23; and teachers supported by freedmen and the Bureau went from 34 to 101. Assistant Commissioner Gillem reported that during the year ending October 1868, more whites were beginning to take an active role in assisting blacks in building schools and supporting teachers.4

The Bureau in Mississippi was very active in documenting and solemnizing marriages of freedmen. Continuing a practice started by military officials and civilians during the Civil War, Assistant Commissioner Samuel Thomas issued Circular Number 1 (July 3, 1865) authorizing his officers to keep a record of marriages of persons of color and gave instruction on how to maintain marriage registers. Returns of marriage certificates forwarded to the Office of the Commissioner by Assistant Commissioner Thomas include such information as the color of persons marrying, complexion of parents, and the number of years the couple had been living together as man and wife. The certificates also include data about the number of years the couple lived with another person, how they were separated, and the number of children by a previous connection. Marriage records in the records of the Mississippi Office of the Assistant Commissioner provide similar information. The registers for Davis Bend, Vicksburg, and Natchez, Mississippi, document the registration of more than 4,600 freedmen from Mississippi and northern Louisiana. Over half of the soldiers registering marriages for Natchez were members of the 6th Mississippi Heavy Artillery of the U. S. Colored Troops. Nearly all of the soldiers registering marriages for Davis Bend served with the 64th Colored Infantry. The Mississippi subdistrict field office also registered freedmen marriages or issued licenses and certificates in the subdistricts of Brookhaven, Columbus, Davis Bend, Goodman, Grenada, Jackson, and Pass Christian.5

The Southern Homestead Act (14 Stat. 66), approved by Congress on June 21, 1866, made available for public settlement 46 million acres of public lands in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Nearly 5 million acres of this Federal land was located in Mississippi. Because the act specifically prohibited discrimination against applicants due to race, it offered an opportunity for Mississippi freedmen and others to become landowners. Generally, the Freedmen's Bureau assisted interested freedmen through "Locating Agents" in finding plots, and provided them with one–month subsistence, free transportation to their prospective tracts of land, and seeds for the initial planting. In Mississippi, as in other public land states in the South, most freedmen were under labor agreements at the time of the act and were unable to take advantage of land opportunities. Because Mississippi had no land office, Bureau officials were unable to secure maps and other records relating to the quality and location of public lands in the state. By 1868, feeling that much of the public land for Mississippi was of poor quality and "Unfit for Agricultural Purposes," Bvt. Brig. Gen. Alvan C. Gillem, who replaced Thomas Wood in early 1867 as Mississippi Assistant Commissioner, made no effort to survey public lands. A land office was eventually opened in August 1868. By then, however, the Freedmen's Bureau, for all practical purposes, had been discontinued.6

ENDNOTES

1 William C. Harris, Presidential Reconstruction in Mississippi (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1967), p. 84; Annual Reports of the Assistant Commissioners, Mississippi, October 10, 1867, p. 20, and December 12, 1868, pp. 11 – 12, Records of the Office of the Commissioner, Record Group 105, NARA.

2 House Ex. Doc. 70, 39th Cong., 1st Sess., Serial Vol. 1256, pp. 167 – 168; Annual Reports, Mississippi, October 10, 1867, pp. 4 – 11, and December 12, 1868, pp. 3 – 4.

3 Donald G. Nieman, "The Freedmen's Bureau and the Mississippi Black Code," The Journal of Mississippi History XL, No. 2 (May 1978): pp. 92 – 99; House Ex. Doc. 70, 39th Cong., 1st Sess., pp. 101 – 102.

4 Annual Reports, Mississippi, October 10, 1867, pp. 27 – 34; see also, the report for December 12, 1868, [pp. 12 – 17].

5 For a discussion of Mississippi marriage registers, see Herbert G. Gutman, The Black Family in Slavery and Freedom, 1790–1925 (New York: Vintage Books, 1976), pp. 18 – 24. The Mississippi marriage registers are reproduced in National Archives Microfilm Publication M826, Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Mississippi, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1869, Roll 42. Compiled service records for the 6th Mississippi Heavy Artillery, USCT, have been reproduced on microfilm publication M1818, Compiled Military Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served with the United States Colored Troops: Artillery Organizations, Rolls 109 – 133. For returns of marriage certificates forwarded to the Office of the Commissioner, see microfilm publication M1875, Marriage Records of the Office of the Commissioner, Washington Headquarters of the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1861–1869, Rolls 2 and 3.

6 Warren Hoffinagle, "The Southern Homestead Act: Its Origins and Operation," The Historian; A Journal of History, XXXII, No. 4 (1970): 618 – 620.
Freedmen's Bureau Personnel in Mississippi:
This list provides the names and dates of service of known Freedmen's Bureau personnel at selected subordinate field offices in Mississippi. Additional information regarding persons assigned to various field offices might be found among the Bureau's Washington headquarters station books and rosters of military officers and civilians on duty in the states and other appointment–related records.

ABERDEEN

Sept.–Nov. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Stuart Eldridge

Dec. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner William K. White (Agent at Okolona)

BROOKHAVEN

Mar.–Apr. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Z. B. Chatfield

Apr.–June 1866 -- Subcommissioner Robert P. Gardner

June 1866–Apr. 1867 -- Subcommissioner W. Eldridge

Apr.–July 1867 -- Subcommissioner W. Eldridge

July–Nov. 1867 -- Subcommissioner E. C. Gilbrath

Dec. 1867–Mar. 1868 -- Agent A. K. Long

Mar.–Oct. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner E. E. Platt

Oct.–Nov. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner George Haller

Nov.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner John D. Moore

COLUMBUS

Mar. 1866–Mar. 1867 -- Subcommissioner George S. Smith

Mar.–May 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner George S. Smith

May–June 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. G. Sprague

June–Aug. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner George S. Smith

Aug.–Dec. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner William K. White

Dec. 1867–Jan. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Bartholomew

Jan.–Mar. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner James Kelly

Mar.–Sept. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Bartholomew

Sept.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner James Kelly

CORINTH

Mar.–Aug. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner John D. Moore

Aug.–Sept. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner George S. Smith

Oct. 1867–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Loyd Wheaton

EAST PASCAGOULA

Feb.–Mar. 1866 -- Subassistant Commissioner R. D. Mitchell

July 1866–Nov. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner George W. Corliss

Mar.–Apr. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Allen P. Huggins (Agent at McKutt)

Apr.–Oct. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Allen P. Huggins (Agent at Greenwood)

Oct.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner E. E. Platt (Subassistant Commissioner at Greenwood)

FRIARS POINT

May–Oct. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Eldridge

Nov. 1868–Jan. 1869 -- Subassistant Commissioner D. M. White

GOODMAN

July–Aug. 1867 -- Agent H. W. Barry

Sept.–Nov. 1867 -- Agent Charles A. Shields

GREENVILLE

Mar.–Apr. 1867 -- Subcommissioner William L. Ryan

Sept.–Dec. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner William L. Tidball

Dec.–1867–May 1868 and May–July 1868 -- Agent Thad K. Preuss

July–Aug. 1868 -- Agent Andrew Thomas

Sept.–Dec. 1868 -- Agent Samuel Goozee

GRENADA

Mar.–Apr. 1866 -- Subcommissioner S. Marvin

Apr.–Oct. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Silas May

Oct. 1866–July 1867 -- Assistant Subcommissioner James N. Shipley

Aug.–Sept. 1867 -- Assistant Subcommissioner D. M. White

Oct. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner William Shields

Feb.–Mar. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Charles Walden

Mar.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner William Wedemeyker

HOLLY SPRINGS

Sept.–Dec. 1867 -- Subcommissioner John Power

Dec. 1867–Jan. 1868 -- Agent H. H. Service

Jan.–Oct. 1868 -- Subcommissioner John Power

Oct.–Dec. 1868 -- Clerk H. A. Cooper

JACKSON — Acting Assistant Commissioner of the Northern District of Mississippi

July 1865–Mar. 1866 -- Acting Assistant Commissioner of the Northern District of Mississippi R. S. Donaldson

JACKSON

Jan.–Mar. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Thomas Smith

Mar.–Nov. 1866 -- Subcommissioner H. Gardner

Dec. 1866–Feb. 1867 -- Subcommissioner H. R. Williams

Feb.–Aug. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Robert P. Gardner

Aug.–Dec. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Samuel S. Sumner

Dec. 1867–Jan. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Allen P. Heuggins

Feb.–Dec. 1868 -- Agent Joseph B. Holt

LAKE STATION

Sept.–Oct. 1867 -- Agent Charles Walden

Nov. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner George W. Corliss

Feb.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner George W. Corliss (also at Forest)

LAUDERDALE

Apr.–July 1866 -- Subassistant Commissioner Henry E. Rainals

July 1866–Feb. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner D. M. White

Mar. 1866–Aug. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Joseph W. Sunderland

Aug. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner John D. Moore

Feb.–Aug. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner John D. Moore (at Meridian)

Sept.–Oct. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner John D. Moore (at DeKalb)

Feb.–Apr. 1868 -- Agent John D. Moore

Apr.–Dec. 1868 -- Agent O. C. French

LEXINGTON

Aug.–Sept. 1867 -- Agent H. W. Barry

Dec. 1867 -- Agent C. A. Shields

LOUISVILLE

Sept. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Agent John Williams

Feb.–July 1868 -- Agent John Williams (at Durant)

July–Sept. 1868 -- Agent H. H. Service (at Durant)

MACON

Oct.–Dec. 1865 -- Subcommissioner Louis H. Gest

July–Sept. 1867 -- Agent William H. Ross

Oct. 1867–Dec. 1868 -- Agent George S. Smith

MAGNOLIA

Aug.–Nov. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner York A. Woodward

Dec. 1867–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner (also at Woodville)

MERIDIAN

Aug. 1865 -- Subcommissioner C. W. Clark

Sept.–Nov. 1865 -- Subcommissioner E. L. Buckwalter

Jan.–July 1866 -- Subcommissioner John J. Knox

June–Aug. 1866 -- Subcommissioner James W. Sunderland

July–Dec. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Henry E. Rainals

Jan.–Feb. 1867 -- Subcommissioner James W. Sunderland

July–Sept. 1867 -- Subcommissioner Thomas H. Norton

Sept. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Agent Andrew Thomas

Feb.–July 1868 -- Agent (also Agent at Hickory)

NATCHEZ, Southern District of Mississippi

Mar.–July 1865 -- Provost Marshal of Freedmen George D. Reynolds

July 1865–Mar. 1866 -- Acting Assistant Commissioner George D. Reynolds

NATCHEZ

Mar. 1866 -- Subcommissioner A. Kemper

July 1866–June 1867 -- Subcommissioner E. E. Platt

July 1867–Apr. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner James Biddle

Apr.–Aug. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner George Haller

Sept. 1868–Jan. 1869 -- Subassistant Commissioner Charles A. Wikoff

OKOLONA

Aug.–Sept. 1865 -- Subcommissioner J. M. Buel

Jan.–Mar. 1866 -- Subcommissioner W. F. DuBois

Nov.–Dec. 1867 -- Subcommissioner W. H. Eldridge (See Tupelo)

Dec. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subcommissioner William K. White (See Aberdeen)

OXFORD

May–June 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Edward B. Rossiter

June–Oct. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Thad. K. Preuss

PASS CHRISTIAN

Feb. 1866 -- Subcommissioner A. L. Hemingway

Apr.–June 1866 -- Subcommissioner John D. Moore

June 1866–Feb. 1867 -- Subcommissioner Robert P. Gardner

Feb.–Mar. 1867 -- Subcommissioner John D. Moore

Mar.–July 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner George W. Corliss

July–Sept. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner Charles Hyatt

Nov. 1867 -- Agent M. Lathrup (Agent)

PHILADELPHIA

Sept. 1867–Jan. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner Robert P. Gardner

PORT GIBSON

May–July 1865 -- Provost Marshal of Freedmen at Rodney D. F. Hart

July–Aug. 1865 -- Provost Marshal of Freedmen at Claiborne County D. F. Hart

Sept.–Nov. 1865 -- Subcommissioner H. O. Stavis

Nov. 1865–Feb. 1866 -- Subcommissioner James M. Babcock

Feb. 1866 -- Subcommissioner J. T. Hanna

June–Sept. 1867 -- Agent A. S. Alden

Dec. 1867–May 1868 -- Agent W. H. Eldridge (at Port Gibson) (See Tupelo)

Dec. 1868 -- Agent A. K. Long

SARDIS

Dec. 1867 -- Agent D. S. Harriman (also at Panola)

Dec. 1867–July 1868 -- Agent M. Lathrop (at Panola)

Aug. 1868 -- Agent M. Lathrop (at Sardis)

Sept. 1868 -- Clerk H. A. Cooper

Oct.–Dec. 1868 -- Clerk James H. Pierce

SKIPWITHS LANDING

Aug.–Oct. 1865 -- Subcommissioner S. G. Swain

Nov. 1865–Feb. 1866 -- Subcommissioner O. B. Foster

STARKVILLE

Sept. 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Agent Charles A. Sullivan

Mar.–July 1868 -- Agent C. L. Currier Coss

TUPELO

July–Nov. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Eldridge

Nov.–Dec. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Eldridge (at Okolona)

Dec. 1867–May 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Eldridge (at Port Gibson)

Aug.–Dec. 1868 -- Agent H. A. Kelly

VICKSBURG, Western District of Mississippi

June 1865 -- Provost Marshal of Freedmen George D. Reynolds

June 1865–Feb. 1866 -- Assistant Commissioner J. H. Weber

VICKSBURG

Feb.–Mar. 1866 -- Subcommissioner S. G. Swain

May 1866 -- Subcommissioner J. K. Byers Fielding

July–Oct. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Neale George

Jan.–Mar. 1867 -- Subcommissioner W. Corliss

Apr.–July 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner J. H. Chapman

July 1867–Feb. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner E. E. Platt

Mar.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner J. H. Chapman

VICKSBURG

Sept.–Oct. 1864 -- Special Agent of the Treasury Department T. C. Callicot

Oct. 1864–July 1865 -- Special Agent of the Treasury Department C. A. Montross

WINCHESTER

Aug.–Dec. 1865 -- Subcommissioner William R. Gallian

May–Oct. 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner J. Whitney

WOODVILLE

Jan.–Feb. 1866 -- Agent William R. Gallian

Aug.–Nov. 1867 -- Assistant Subcommissioner George Haller

Dec. 1867–Dec. 1868 -- Assistant Subcommissioner (See Magnolia)

YAZOO CITY

June–July 1865 -- Provost Marshal of Freedmen Ozro B. Foster

July–Oct. 1865 -- Subcommissioner Ozro B. Foster

Oct.–Nov. 1865 -- Subcommissioner Charles W. Clarke

Dec. 1865–Feb. 1866 -- Subcommissioner Leonard P. Woodworth

Mar.–May 1867 -- Subassistant Commissioner D. M. White

May–Oct. 1867 -- Agent Alan P. Huggins

Oct. 1867–Oct. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner D. M. White

Oct.–Dec. 1868 -- Subassistant Commissioner W. H. Eldridge
Related Materials:
See also Freedmen's Bureau Digital Collection
Provenance:
Acquired from FamilySearch International in 2015.
Restrictions:
Freedmen's Bureau Digital Collection, 1865–1872, is a product of and owned by the National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Copyright for digital images is retained by the donor, FamilySearch International; permission for commercial use of the digital images may be requested from FamilySearch International, Intellectual Property Office, at: cor-intellectualproperty@ldschurch.org.
Topic:
American South  Search this
Freedmen's Bureau  Search this
Reconstruction, U.S. history, 1865-1877  Search this
Slaves -- Emancipation  Search this
Citation:
Courtesy of the U. S. National Archives and Records Administration, FamilySearch International, and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Identifier:
NMAAHC.FB.M1907
See more items in:
Records of the Field Offices for the State of Mississippi, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872
Archival Repository:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io314229527-610c-4dfd-8503-db634c116720
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmaahc-fb-m1907
Online Media:

Registers of Labor Contracts

Type:
Archival materials
Scope and Contents:
The two volumes of registers of labor contracts, December 1865–September 1866 and January 1867–January 1868, 1 (52), and January–September 1866, 2 (53), are arranged by month. The entries in Volume 1 (52) include the name of the employer and employees and the rate or kind of compensation. The entries in Volume 2 (53) contain the name of the employer and the number of freedmen he contracted to employ. Volume 1 (52) also contains fair copies of orders issued to local citizens by agent William Brian at Jacksonport (December 1867–January 1868). The orders direct the recipient to appear at the agent's office to answer freedmen complaints or enjoin planters and farmers from disposing of their crops until claims against them had been investigated and settled. Volume 2 (53) includes a few miscellaneous entries relating to acts of violence committed against freedmen (September–October 1866).
Collection Restrictions:
Freedmen's Bureau Digital Collection, 1865–1872, is a product of and owned by the National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution. Copyright for digital images is retained by the donor, FamilySearch International; permission for commercial use of the digital images may be requested from FamilySearch International, Intellectual Property Office, at: cor-intellectualproperty@ldschurch.org.
Collection Citation:
Courtesy of the U. S. National Archives and Records Administration, FamilySearch International, and the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Identifier:
NMAAHC.FB.M1901, File 3.2.3
See more items in:
Records of the Field Offices for the State of Arkansas, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872
Records of the Field Offices for the State of Arkansas, Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, 1865–1872 / Series 3: Subordinate Field Offices / 3.2: Augusta (Woodruff County)
Archival Repository:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io350b64265-f1aa-4935-8b8c-77ac0461f89b
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmaahc-fb-m1901-ref59

Cue vol. 14 no. 22

Written by:
Cue Magazine, American  Search this
Published by:
Cue Publishing Company, American  Search this
Subject of:
Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, American, 1878 - 1949  Search this
Laura Cathrell, 1914 - 1999  Search this
W. S. Gilbert, British, 1836 - 1911  Search this
Arthur Sullivan, British, 1842 - 1900  Search this
Gilbert and Sullivan, British, 1871 - 1896  Search this
Medium:
ink on paper with metal
Dimensions:
H x W x D (Closed): 11 1/4 × 8 1/4 × 1/16 in. (28.5 × 20.9 × 0.2 cm)
H x W x D (Open): 11 1/4 × 16 7/16 × 1/16 in. (28.5 × 41.8 × 0.1 cm)
Type:
magazines (periodicals)
Place printed:
New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
Date:
June 2, 1945
Topic:
African American  Search this
Amusements  Search this
Cooking and dining  Search this
Dance  Search this
Entertainers  Search this
Film  Search this
Hollywood (Film)  Search this
Journalism  Search this
Mass media  Search this
Music  Search this
Musicians  Search this
Nightlife  Search this
Radio  Search this
Urban life  Search this
Credit Line:
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture
Object number:
2013.46.25.274.1
Restrictions & Rights:
Unknown - Restrictions Possible
Rights assessment and proper usage is the responsibility of the user.
See more items in:
National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection
Collection title:
The Laura Cathrell Show-Down Magazine Collection
Classification:
Documents and Published Materials
Data Source:
National Museum of African American History and Culture
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5e1a6df60-a802-46be-8694-156bb41e2290
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmaahc_2013.46.25.274.1
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