Search Results

Creator:

Starr, Frederick, 1859-1933  Search this

Photographer:

Lang, Charles B.  Search this

Grabic, Louis  Search this

Extent:

152 Lantern slides

3344 Negatives (photographic)

Culture:

Zoque  Search this

San Felipe Pueblo  Search this

Mazatec [Huautla]  Search this

Zapotec  Search this

Maya  Search this

Wampanoag  Search this

Salish (Flathead)  Search this

Mazahua  Search this

Ute  Search this

Sioux  Search this

Numakiki (Mandan)  Search this

Tzotzil Maya  Search this

Taos Pueblo  Search this

Tzeltal Maya  Search this

Sac and Fox (Sauk & Fox)  Search this

Laguna Pueblo  Search this

Triqui (Trique) [San Joan Copala]  Search this

Shuar  Search this

Niimíipuu (Nez Perce)  Search this

Chol Maya  Search this

Totonac  Search this

Osage  Search this

Chaticks Si Chaticks (Pawnee)  Search this

Tonkawa  Search this

Otomí (Otomi)  Search this

Diné (Navajo)  Search this

Tlingit  Search this

Mixe  Search this

Chinantec  Search this

Mixtec  Search this

Potawatomi  Search this

Chibcha  Search this

Akimel O'odham (Pima)  Search this

Mehináku (Mehinacu)  Search this

Salish (Flathead)  Search this

Apache  Search this

Tsitsistas/Suhtai (Cheyenne)  Search this

Ponca  Search this

Menominee (Menomini)  Search this

Cahuilla  Search this

Haida  Search this

Karajá (Caraja)  Search this

Cherokee  Search this

Sahnish (Arikara)  Search this

Assiniboine (Stoney)  Search this

Apsáalooke (Crow/Absaroke)  Search this

Caddo  Search this

Kwakwaka'wakw (Kwakiutl)  Search this

Cochiti Pueblo  Search this

Teotihuacán (archaeological culture)  Search this

Isleta Pueblo  Search this

Purepecha (Tarasco)  Search this

Inunaina (Arapaho)  Search this

Iroquois  Search this

Anishinaabe (Chippewa/Ojibwa)  Search this

A:shiwi (Zuni)  Search this

Acoma Pueblo  Search this

Macushi (Macusi)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Lantern slides

Negatives (photographic)

Negatives

Place:

Colombia

Washington

West Virginia

Kansas

Kentucky

New Mexico

Brazil

Ecuador

Missouri

Wisconsin

Oklahoma

Ohio

New York

Georgia

Mexico

Iowa

Arkansas

Illinois

Pennsylvania

Alaska

Date:

1894-1910

Summary:

The collection includes materials from cultures in the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, and Guiana: Acoma Pueblo, Apache, Arapaho, Arikara, Assiniboine, Caddo, Cahuilla, Cherokee, Cheyenne, Chibcha, Chinantec, Chippewa (Ojibwa), Choco, Chol, Chontal, Cochiti Pueblo, Crow, Cuicatec, Eskimo, Flathead, Haida, Hopi, Huastec, Huave, Iowa, Iroquois, Isleta, Karaja, Kwakiutl, Laguna Pueblo, Macusi, Mandan, Maya, Mazahua, Mazatec, Mehinaku, Menomini, Mixe, Mixtec, Navajo, Nez Perce, Osage, Otomi, Ottawa, Pawnee, Pima, Ponca, Potawatomi, Salish, San Blas, San Felipe Pueblo, Sauk & Fox, Shuar, Sioux, Taos Pueblo, Tarasco, Teotihuacan, Tepehua, Tlaxcala, Tlingit, Tonkawa, Totonac, Triqui, Tzental, Tzotzil, Ute, Wampanoag, Zapotec, Zoque, Zuni.

Arrangement note:

Collection arranged by item number.

Biographical/Historical note:

Frederick Starr was born in Auburn, New York, on September 2, 1858. He received a Ph.D. in biology in 1884 at Coe College, where he was later appointed professor of biology. Starr did postgraduate work in anthropology at Yale. In 1889 he was appointed head of Ethnology at the American Museum of Natural History, and in 1892 he was chosen by William Harper to organize the Anthropology Department at the new University of Chicago. Starr remained at the University until his retirement in 1923. Besides his field studies with various Indian tribes in the United States, Starr traveled to Mexico, Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Ecuador, Guiana, Japan, the Philippines, and Africa. He died in Tokyo, Japan, on August 14, 1933. Starr was the author of several books and scholarly articles.

General note:

Starr hired professional photographers Charles B. Lang and Louis Grabic to accompany him on his field trips. One lantern slide of Moses Ladd (Menomini) was taken by William H. Jackson.

Provenance:

Dr. Frederick Starr, Purchased, circa 1929

Restrictions:

Access restricted. Researchers should contact the staff of the NMAI Archives for an appointment to access the collection.

Topic:

Indians of South America -- Brazil  Search this

Indians of Mexico  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southwest  Search this

Indians of South America -- Colombia  Search this

Indians of North America -- Alaska  Search this

Indians of North America -- Basin  Search this

Indians of North America -- Plains  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southeast  Search this

Indians of North America -- Plateau  Search this

Indians of Central America -- Guatemala  Search this

Indians of North America -- Northwest  Search this

Indians of North America -- Northeast  Search this

Indians of North America -- Midwest  Search this

Indians of South America -- Ecuador  Search this

Indians of South America -- Guiana  Search this

Genre/Form:

Negatives

Lantern slides

Identifier:

NMAI.AC.052

Archival Repository:

National Museum of the American Indian

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-052

Photographer:

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Owner:

Pepper, George H. (George Hubbard), 1873-1924  Search this

Source:

Lumholtz, Carl, 1851-1922  Search this

Names:

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Former owner:

Lumholtz, Carl, 1851-1922  Search this

Extent:

588 Photographic prints

190 Copy negatives

Culture:

Hualapai (Walapai)  Search this

Akimel O'odham (Pima)  Search this

Havasupai (Coconino)  Search this

Opata  Search this

Yoeme (Yaqui)  Search this

Otomí (Otomi)  Search this

Cora  Search this

Piipaash (Maricopa)  Search this

Wixarika (Huichol)  Search this

Seri  Search this

Nahua  Search this

Mojave (Mohave)  Search this

Indians of North America  Search this

Tohono O'odham (Papago)  Search this

Yoreme (Mayo)  Search this

Purepecha (Tarasco)  Search this

Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan)  Search this

Tepecano  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographic prints

Copy negatives

Place:

Casa Grande (Ariz.)

Arizona -- photographs

Mexico -- Photographs

Date:

1898-1902

Summary:

This collection contains photographic prints and copy negatives taken by Ales Hrdlicka in Arizona and Mexico between 1898 and 1902. The majority of the photographs were donated by George Pepper to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation in 1923. Native communities that Hrdlicka photographed during his research include--Purepecha (Tarasco), Yoeme (Yaqui), Hualapai (Walapai), Havasupai (Coconino), Piipaash (Maricopa), Mojave (Mahave), Tohono O'odham (Papapgo), Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), Tepecano, Akimel O'odham (Pima), Opata, Cora, Seri, Wixarika (Huichol), Nahua, Otomi and Yoreme (Mayo). Ales Hrdlicka (1869-1943) was born in the Czech Republic moved to the United States in 1881. Hrdlicka became known as the "Father" of Physical Anthropology and worked at the U.S. National Museum (now the National Museum of Natural History).

Scope and Contents:

This collection contains photographic prints taken by Ales Hrdlicka in Arizona and Mexico between 1898 and 1902. It is likely that many of the photographs were taken in 1902 as a part of the Hyde exploring expeditions on behalf of the American Museum of Natural History. Some of these photographs were taken by Carl Lumholtz and not Hrdlicka. Native communities that Hrdlicka photographed during his research include--Purepecha (Tarasco), Yoeme (Yaqui), Hualapai (Walapai), Havasupai (Coconino), Piipaash (Maricopa), Mojave (Mahave), Tohono O'odham (Papapgo), Quechan (Yuma/Cuchan), Tepecano, Akimel O'odham (Pima), Opata, Cora, Seri, Wixarika (Huichol), Nahua, Otomi, and Yoreme (Mayo). Locations photographed in Mexico include--Michoacán, Sonora, Mesa del Encanto and the Ruins of Totoate in Jalisco, Ruins of La Quamada and Ruins of Teul in Zacatecas, Nayarit State, and the central altiplano. Locations photographed in Arizona include--Casa Grande in Pinal County, Fort Yuma Reservation, Supai in Coconino County and the Mission San Xavier del Bac.

The photographs include a large amount of posed portraits of men and women, none of them identified in our collection. Hrdlicka often posed his subjects both facing forward and in profile so that he could better examine their physical attributes.There are some group portraits as well as scenic shots of houses, churches and village views. Hrdlicka also photographed archaeological ruins inlcuding Casa Grande, Mesa del Encanto, Totoate, La Quamada and Teul.

The copy negatives that were made from the prints in the late 1960s by the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation.

Arrangement:

The majority of the photographs have been left in the order that they were originally cataloged. Photographs from the various tribal communities in Arizona and Mexico are in Series 1-16, each community with its own series. The final series, Series 17, contains photographs from various archaeological ruins in Arizona and Mexico.

Biographical / Historical:

Ales Hrdlicka (1869-1943) was born in Bohemia in and came to America when he was thirteen. As a young man, he was trained in medicine at New York's Eclectic Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College, receiving degrees from each. His first professional work was as a private practitioner, but he gave that up in 1894 when he joined the staff of the New York State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. There, in addition to other duties, he began studies of the physical characteristics of inmates. In 1896, in preparation for a research appointment with the Department of Anthropology in the Pathological Institute of the New York State hospitals, Hrdlicka went to Paris and studied with Leon Manouvrier. After his return to America, he worked for a short period with the Pathological Institute and came into contact with G.S. Huntington, of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Hrdlicka arranged and studied Huntington's large collection of skeletal material, thus gaining knowledge of a well-documented collection representing largely normal persons of European ancestry. He furthermore came to the attention of Frederic Ward Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, who arranged for his first anthropological field studies.

Hrdlicka became a member of the Hyde Expeditions to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. In 1898, he traveled to Mexico with Carl Lumholtz to study the Tarahumaras, Huichols, and neighboring tribes. In subsequent years, he returned to Mexico and the Southwest alone and studied physical characteristics and medical conditions of several American Indian tribes. Following this experience and examinations of the Trenton and Lansing skeletal material for Putnam, Hrdlicka was appointed head of the newly formed Division of Physical Anthropology in the United States National Museum in 1903.

In 1905, Hrdlicka returned to the Southwest for studies of Pima and Apache children and, in the following year, traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1908, he worked among a number of Native American tribes, including the Menominee, Oglala Dakota, Quinailt, Hupa, and Mohave, in a study of tuberculosis among them. In 1909, he traveled to Egypt with an expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in order to study living Egyptians and to examine remains of Egypt's past population. The following year took him to Argentina, Peru, and Mexico. In the first of these, he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley.

Between 1912-1914, Hrdlicka undertook a physical anthropological exhibit for the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego and, for this, traveled to eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Peru, and Florida. He also examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed field work of other anthropologists in South and East Africa, St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, the Philippines, eastern Siberia, and the Ukraine. In 1915, for the Department of Justice, he assessed the racial makeup of Chippewas on the Leech Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota and also studied Dakota Indians. In 1917, his field work was directed toward white American families with longtime residence in the United States. In 1918, he carried out a survey of ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1920, he traveled to Hawaii, Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in connection with an appointment to lecture at the Peking Union Medical College. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. In 1925, he carried out work in India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, South Africa, and Europe. In 1927, he was again in Europe to deliver the Huxley Memorial Lecture before the Royal Anthropological Society in Great Britain. Between 1929 and 1938, he traveled frequently to Alaska to carry on an anthropological survey. In 1939, he traveled to Russia and Siberia.

Beginning with much of the skeletal collection of the Army Medical Museum, which had been transferred to the Smithsonian in 1898 before he was appointed there, Hrdlicka amassed a bone collection that included, among many other specimens, the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. Over three hundred publications resulted from his study of this material, his field work, and his study of specimens in other museums. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from examinations of human remains for law enforcement officials to providing information and opinions concerning national origins and traits that were needed to interpret laws and form foreign policy. During World War II, he also advised government officials on policies to be pursued with certain national groups following the war.

In 1918, Hrdlicka founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and remained its editor until 1942. In 1928, he was the major force behind the organization of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and served as its president in 1928-1932. He was also president of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1907, the American Anthroplogical Association in 1925-1927, and the Washington Academy of Sciences in 1928-1929. He was chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1918 and secretary of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council in 1917. In addition, Hrdlicka was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists.

Biographical note courtesy of the National Anthropological Archives, National Museum of Natural History. See Ales Hrdlicka Papers. Edited by Rachel Menyuk, Processing Archivist at the National Museum of the American Indian.

Related Materials:

The majority of Ales Hrdlicka's papers and photographs are located at the National Athropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution. In addition to the Ales Hrdlicka Papers ca. 1887-1943 additional Hrdlicka photographs can be found in photographic lots 8, Division of Physical Anthropology collection; 9, photographs of Indians for the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego; 24, Bureau of American Ethnology, United States National Museum photographs of American Indians; 70, Department of Anthropology portrait file; 78, miscellaneous negatives; 97, Division of Ethnology collection (―USNM‖ Collection); 73-26B, Aleš Hrdlička photographs; 73-26G, miscellany; 77-48, group portraits of International Congress; 79-38, Division of World Archeology collection; 83-41, Division of Physical Anthropology collection of photographs of human bones; and 92-46, anthropology lantern slides.

Provenance:

Although it is unclear when George Pepper received the photographs from Ales Hrdlicka, Pepper donated the majority of the collection of photographs to the Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation (MAI) in 1923. The rest of the photographs were cataloged by the MAI some time in the 1920s but the provenance history is unknown.

Restrictions:

Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).

There are several restricted photographs in Series 2: Yoeme (Yaqui). This have been restricted due to cultural sensitivity.

Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not modified in any way, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian. For more information please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use and NMAI Archive Center's Digital Image request website.

Citation:

Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Aleš Hrdlička photographs from Mexico and Arizona, Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAI.AC.103

See more items in:

Aleš Hrdlička photographs from Mexico and Arizona

Archival Repository:

National Museum of the American Indian

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-103

Measurements:

overall: 23 cm x 26 cm x 12 cm; 9 1/16 in x 10 1/4 in x 4 3/4 in

overall: 9 in x 10 1/4 in x 4 3/4 in; 22.86 cm x 26.035 cm x 12.065 cm

Object Name:

Aneroid Barometer

Date made:

late 19th century

ID Number:

PH.205532

Accession number:

36555

Catalog number:

205532

See more items in:

Medicine and Science: Physical Sciences

Measuring & Mapping

Barometers

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ad-dff1-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_1184578

Creator:

Philippines. Bureau of Science  Search this

Collector:

Bean, Robert Bennett  Search this

Photographer:

Martin, Charles, 1877-1957  Search this

Worcester, Dean Conant  Search this

Extent:

162 (lantern slides)

Culture:

Philippine Negritos  Search this

Subanuns  Search this

Tinguian (Philippine people)  Search this

Moro  Search this

Hanunoo (Philippine people)  Search this

Ifugao (Philippine people)  Search this

Bagobo (Philippine people)  Search this

Igorot (Philippine people)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Lantern slides

Place:

Philippines

Date:

circa 1900-1910

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs relating to Philippine peoples, including Ifugao, Ilongot, Philippine Negrito, Hanunoo (Mangyan), Subanun, Igorot, Tinguian, Samal Moro, and Bagobo. Images depict clothing, body decoration, and scenery, and many are frontal and profile portraits of individuals. The collection also includes some lantern slides of maps of the Philippines, as well as a photocopy of a booklet with the price list for photographs.

Most of the lantern slides were prepared by Charles Martin. Some are from negatives by Martin but others are possibly by researchers with whom he worked, including Philippine Secretary of the Interior Dean C. Worcester.

Biographical/Historical note:

The Philippine Bureau of Science, originally called the Bureau of Government Laboratories, was established to promote Philippine commercial and industrial resources and disseminate scientific and technical information. The Division of Ethnology, originally the Bureau of Non-Christian Tribes, was transferred to the Bureau of Science in 1906, expanding its mission to include the islands' peoples. Charles Martin was an official photographer with the Bureau of Science from around 1901-1915, after which he became a staff photographer with the National Geographic Magazine until 1940.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 81-58B

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional Bureau of Science photographs can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 87-18.

Additional photographs by Worcester can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 8 and Photo Lot 97.

The University of Michigan Library holds Dean C. Worcester's papers and photographs of the Philippines.

The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology holds film by Worcester and Martin.

The Peabody Essex Museum also holds photographs by Charles Martin.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Lantern slides

Citation:

Photo Lot 81-58B, Philippines Bureau of Science photographs of Philippine peoples, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.81-58B

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-81-58b

Physical Description:

clay, meerschaum (overall material)

Measurements:

overall: 1 3/8 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 in; 3.4925 cm x 6.985 cm x 5.08 cm

Object Name:

Pipe Bowl

bowl, pipe, tobacco

bowl, pipe

Other Terms:

Pipe Bowl; Smoking Equipment

Place made:

Europe

Date made:

late 19th century

Subject:

Personal Accessories  Search this

Smoking  Search this

Tobacco Use  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of The Monsignor John M. Cooper Collection of African, American Indian, Oceanic and Philippine Ethnology presented by the Catholic University of America

ID Number:

DL.58.0044

Catalog number:

58.0044

Accession number:

211312

See more items in:

Cultural and Community Life: Domestic Life

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-b63f-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_309139

Physical Description:

horn, reindeer (overall material)

fiber (string material)

Measurements:

overall: 3 in x 7 in x 2 1/2 in; 7.62 cm x 17.78 cm x 6.35 cm

Object Name:

pipe, tobacco

Other Terms:

Pipe; Smoking Equipment

Place made:

Sweden

Lapland

Used:

Lapland

Date made:

1800 - 1900

Subject:

Personal Accessories  Search this

Smoking  Search this

Tobacco Use  Search this

Sweden  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of The Monsignor John M. Cooper Collection of African, American Indian, Oceanic and Philippine Ethnology presented by the Catholic University of America

ID Number:

DL.395725A

Catalog number:

395725A

Accession number:

211312

See more items in:

Cultural and Community Life: Domestic Life

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-cbec-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_312281

Physical Description:

horn, reindeer (overall material)

fiber (string material)

Measurements:

overall: 3/4 in x 6 3/4 in x 3 in; 1.905 cm x 17.145 cm x 7.62 cm

Object Name:

pipe

Other Terms:

Pipe; Smoking Equipment

Place made:

Sweden

Lapland

Used:

Lapland

Date made:

1800 - 1900

Date made:

1800 - 1900

Subject:

Personal Accessories  Search this

Smoking  Search this

Tobacco Use  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of The Monsignor John M. Cooper Collection of African, American Indian, Oceanic and Philippine Ethnology presented by the Catholic University of America

ID Number:

DL.395725B

Catalog number:

395725B

Accession number:

211312

See more items in:

Cultural and Community Life: Domestic Life

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-cc67-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_312282

Physical Description:

fur, reindeer (overall material)

leather, reindeer (overall material)

copper (grommets material)

Measurements:

overall: 1 1/4 in x 6 5/8 in x 2 3/4 in; 3.175 cm x 16.8275 cm x 6.985 cm

Object Name:

pouch, tobacco

bag, tobacco

Other Terms:

Pouch, Tobacco; Smoking Equipment

Place made:

Lapland

Sweden

Date made:

ca 1900

Credit Line:

Gift of The Monsignor John M. Cooper Collection of African, American Indian, Oceanic and Philippine Ethnology presented by the Catholic University of America

ID Number:

DL.395726

Catalog number:

395726

Accession number:

211312

See more items in:

Cultural and Community Life: Domestic Life

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b2-9d5a-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_313611

Physical Description:

Meerschaum (stummel material)

silver (bowl cap; ferrule material)

Measurements:

overall: 1 1/4 in x 3 1/8 in x 2 1/4 in; 3.175 cm x 7.9375 cm x 5.715 cm

Object Name:

bowl, pipe, tobacco

Other Terms:

Pipe Bowl; Smoking Equipment

Place made:

Europe

Date made:

late 19th century

Subject:

Personal Accessories  Search this

Smoking  Search this

Tobacco Use  Search this

Credit Line:

Gift of The Monsignor John M. Cooper Collection of African, American Indian, Oceanic and Philippine Ethnology presented by the Catholic University of America

ID Number:

DL.58.0043

Catalog number:

58.0043

Accession number:

211312

See more items in:

Cultural and Community Life: Domestic Life

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746b3-ce10-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_315094

Creator:

Metcalf, Elizabeth H. (collector and probable photographer)  Search this

Photographer:

Gerhard Sisters  Search this

Names:

Metcalf, Sarah S. (collector and probable photographer)  Search this

Extent:

735 Prints (circa, albumen, platinum, cyanotype, and silver gelatin (some on postcard stock))

150 Postcards (circa, halftone, collotype, and chromolithograph)

560 Negatives (circa, nitrate)

175 Negatives (circa, glass)

85 Lantern slides (circa)

5 Linear feet (Manuscript material :)

Culture:

Bagobo (Philippine people)  Search this

Negritos -- depicted  Search this

Igorot (Philippine people) -- depicted  Search this

Benguets -- depicted  Search this

Moros -- depicted  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Postcards

Negatives

Lantern slides

Photographs

Date:

circa 1890-1944

Scope and Contents note:

The collection comprises photographs documenting peoples of the Philippines, including Benguet, Bogobo, Igorot, Ifugao, Moro, and Negrito people and their environment. ALso included are photographs of the military presence in the Philippines. The photographs, including prints and postcards, were made or collected by Elizabeth H. and Sarah S. Metcalf during their time on the Philippine Islands and at the Louisiana Purchase (1904) and Lewis and Clark Expositions (1905). Images of Philippine peoples depict ceremonies and daily activities, including agriculture, hunting, construction of dwellings, and markets. Additional postcards and photographs in the collection were both made and collected during the Metcalf sisters' travels in Switzerland, Yemen, Algeria, Egypt, Malaysia, Japan, and Hawaii. Many of the postcards and some photographs were commercially made, but most of the photographs appear to have been made by the Metcalfs, including some photographs printed on postcard stock. The collection also includes correspondence, financial documents, artifact descriptions, lecture notes, and many newspaper clippings.

Biographical/Historical note:

Sisters Elizabeth Henshaw and Sarah Sprague Metcalf became interested in the Philippines and Bagobo peoples after attending the Philippine Reservation at the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in Saint Louis in 1904. They were particularly impressed by the Bagobo gong music, and developed acquaintances with several of the participants. The following year, the Metcalfs attended the Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition in Portland, Oregon, and again interacted with the Philippine peoples there, who were mostly Igorot. Middle-aged and unmarried, the sisters set off for Mindanao the following year. They spent several months in Zamboanga before moving to Santa Cruz where they were closer to the Bagobo people. During their stay in the Philippines (1906-1910), the Metcalfs photographed and advocated for their Bagobo friends and amassed an extensive collection of indigenous material culture. Uncertainties relating to the First World War brought the sisters back to the United States in 1910 and Elizabeth presented their ethnological research to the American Anthropological Association the following year. Around 1915, they returned to the Philippines, where they settled in Manila and sold indigenous handicrafts in their "Little Home Shop." Elizabeth and Sarah remained in Manila until their deaths in 1925 and 1939, respectively.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 107

General note:

Biographical information mostly taken from Cherubim A. Quizon, "Two Yankee Women at the St. Louis Fair: The Metcalf Sisters and their Bagobo Sojourn in Mindanao," Philippine Studies 52, no. 4 (2004): 527-555.

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional photographs and material relating to the Metcalf sisters are held in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 97 and the Department of Anthropology records (Manuscript and Pamphlet file).

Artifacts collected by the Metcalf sisters are held in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and in the National Museum of Natural History Department of Anthropology collections in accessions 114868, 124603, 123977, and 57787.

Restrictions:

Original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Dwellings  Search this

Agriculture  Search this

Genre/Form:

Postcards

Photographs

Citation:

Photo lot 107, Elizabeth H. and Sarah S. Metcalf photographs relating to the Philippines, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.107

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-107

Creator:

Folkmar, Daniel, 1861-1932  Search this

Extent:

3 Negatives (glass)

400 Negatives (circa, nitrate)

50 Prints (circa, silver gelatin)

Culture:

Filipinos  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Negatives

Prints

Photographs

Place:

Philippines

Date:

circa 1903-1907

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs made by Daniel Folkmar documenting Philippine people, villages, and agricultural practices. The collection also includes a series of images documenting a religious (Catholic) procession. The photographs were probably made during Folkmar's time with the Philippine Civil Service, 1903-1907. Some photographs relate to Folkmar's manuscript on his experiences in the Philippines, now held in the Manuscript and Pamphlet File in the (Smithsonian's) Department of Anthropology records at the NAA.

Biographical/Historical note:

Daniel Folkmar (1861-1932) was an anthropologist who served as lieutenant governor with the Philippine Civil Service in 1903-1907. Born in Roxbury, Wisconsin, Folkmar studied at several universities including Harvard, Clark, and the Universities of Chicago, Paris, Berlin, and Brussels. In 1904, with the sponsorship of the Philippine Exposition Board, he published an "Album of Philippine Types: Christians and Moros," a series of portraits made in Bilibid Prison in 1903. In 1908, Folkmar returned to the United States and joined the United States Immigration Commission. There, he collaborated with Jeremiah Jenks on the controversial Dictionary of Races which was presented to Congress in 1910.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 105, NAA Photo Lot 108

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional Folkmar photographs (prints and negatives) previously filed in Photo Lot 108 have been relocated and merged with Photo Lot 105. These photographs were also made by Folkmar in the Philippines and were donated by Etta Winters in accession 126010.

Photographs of Japan that were collected by Folkmar are held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 97.

A manuscript and other materials relating to Folkmar are held in the National Anthropological Archives in the records of the Department of Anthropology (Manuscript and Pamphlet File) and MS 3295.

Correspondence from Folkmar held in the National Anthropological Archives is in the records of the Bureau of American Ethnology, records of the Anthropological Society of Washington (MS 4821), the Ales Hrdlicka papers, and the Herbert William Krieger papers.

Artifacts collected by Folkmar are held in the Department of the Anthropology collections in accession 126010

Restrictions:

Original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Agriculture  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo lot 105, Daniel Folkmar photographs of Philippine people, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.105

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-105

Photographer:

Sherman, Penoyer L., Jr  Search this

Extent:

38 Negatives (glass)

47 Mounted prints (silver gelatin)

Culture:

Bisaya (Philippine people)  Search this

Bikols (Philippine people)  Search this

Tagalog (Philippine people)  Search this

Chinese  Search this

Ilokanos (Philippine people)  Search this

Pampangan (Philippine people)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Negatives

Mounted prints

Photographs

Place:

Pangasinan (Philippines)

Philippines

Date:

1900

Scope and Contents note:

Anthropometric photographs of Philippine peoples, made for the Pan-American Exposition by Penoyer L. Sherman on commission from Frank F. Hilder. Depicted are front, side, and back views of largely nude individual. Represented are Vicol (Bicol), Pangasinan, Ilocano, Tagalog, Visayan, Pambango peoples, and indivifuals of Chinese-Tagalog ancestry and Tagalog-Pampanga ancestry. Many of the photographs' mounts are marked with measurements of the depicted individual's stature.

Biographical/Historical note:

In 1900, the United States Government Board of the Pan-American Exposition appointed Frank F. Hilder to travel to the Philippines and gather material for the government's exhibit on American colonial territories at the exposition in Buffalo, New York, the followng year. Hilder was a former British army officer, writer, and at the time employed by the Bureau of American Ethnology. Working under Smithsonian officials who were also exposition officials, Hilder was directed to "obtain such articles and information as will illustrate the natural resources of the islands, the characteristics and mode of life of the inhabitants, and the principal features and methods of government, past or present." Early thinking about the exhibit included the use of lay figures to represent the Philippine non-Christian tribes; and, accordingly, Hilder was instructed to collect a variety of photographs of these people.

When Hilder arrived in Manila, he engaged the services of Penoyer Levi Sherman, a chemist and associate of Dean C. Worcester of the Philippines Commission. Sherman had graduated from the University of Michigan and moved to the Philippines with the Bureau of Goverment Laboratories, for whom he wrote The Gutta Percha and Rubber of the Philippine Islands in 1903. Hilder hired Sherman to make photographs for the exhibition, which he did using Worcester's camera and darkroom; as a result of this loan of equipment, Worcester was then allowed to make his own copy negatives of Sherman's images.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 106A

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional Penoyer L. Sherman photographs held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 138.

Additional photographs collected by Frank F. Hilder for the Pan-American Exposition are held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 97.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Physical anthropology  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo lot 106A, Penoyer L. Sherman photographs of Philippine people, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.106A

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-106a

Donor Name:

Capt. J. C. Dow  Search this

Culture:

Hindu  Search this

Object Type:

Figure

Place:

Philippines

Accession Date:

3 Jun 1905

Topic:

Ethnology  Search this

Accession Number:

044428

USNM Number:

E234017-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3c2e348af-d12e-469f-bbc9-cba1afe9e15d

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8367496

Creator:

Hrdlička, Aleš, 1869-1943  Search this

Correspondent:

American Association of Physical Anthropologists  Search this

Names:

American Journal of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Army Medical Museum (U.S.)  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Institute of Population  Search this

International Congress of Americanists  Search this

Panama-California Exposition (1915 : San Diego, Calif.)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology. Division of Physical Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

206.71 Linear feet (294 boxes, 138 folders, 9 rolled items, and 4 folios)

Culture:

Indians of North America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

Saint Lawrence Island (Alaska) -- Archaeology

Australia

Alaska -- Archaeology

Mexico -- Anthropology

Florida -- Archaeology

Egypt -- Archaeology

Czechoslovakia

Peru -- Physical anthropology

Kodiak Island (Alaska)

Date:

1875-1966

bulk 1903-1943

Summary:

The papers of Aleš Hrdlička, curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, offer considerable insight into the development of physical anthropology in the first half of this century. The papers include honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). In addition, there is material of a personal nature. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the USNM.

Scope and Contents:

This collection is comprised of both professional and personal materials. The professional material includes honors bestowed on Hrdlička, autobiographical notes, correspondence with many of the leading anthropologists of the day, anthropometric and osteometric measurements and observations (forming most of the collection), extensive photographs of Hrdlička's field work, manuscripts, research materials, and "My Journeys" (essentially a diary Hrdlička kept of his field work). The personal material primarily consists of correspondence with his first wife (Marie Dieudonnée Strickler) and other family members, but there are also financial records. The papers date from 1875 to 1966, but the bulk of the materials date from 1903 to 1943, the time of Hrdlička's career at the United States National Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Hrdlička investigated all major questions confronting physical anthropologists of his day (the fossil record of early humans, the arrival of humans in the Americas, human variation, evolution, and eugenics) and made valuable contributions in all these areas. Hrdlička's interests in the establishment of physical anthropology as a distinct and important field, the welfare of the Czech people, early hominids, and variation within the human species are all documented in the collection as are the services he performed for various United States government agencies. He pursued field studies in many different parts of the world, but there are relatively few field notes as such among his papers. There is instead the edited journal "My Journeys," photographs, and physical anthropological forms. There is also relatively little material on his administrative involvement in the USNM. There is no material from Hrdlička's time at the Pathological Institution of the New York State Hospitals; after he resigned, fire destroyed the anthropological records Hrdlička collected as a member of the staff. There are materials in the collection which contradict, or at least complicate, many long-held criticisms of Hrdlička, particularly claims that he was racist and opposed feminist ideas. The collection contains materials of interest to genetic research, including anthropometric measurements, hair clippings and fingerprints.

There are a few items in the collection which are dated earlier than the collection's date span. These are publication dates, and the folders containing the items have been dated accordingly, but they have not affected the dates of the series or collection. There are also a few items which are dated after Hrdlička's death. These dates reflect the fact that the collection was added to by the Department of Physical Anthropology after Hrdlička's death and have been taken into account when formulating dates for the series and collection.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 37 series:

(1) Miscellaneous Personal Papers, 1875-1940

(2) Early Personal Correspondence, 1883-1919

(3) Correspondence, 1885-1953

(4) News Clippings and Printed Matter, 1893-1953

(5) Financial Papers, 1910-1943

(6) Journeys to the Southwestern United States and Mexican Indians, 1898-1919

(7) Journeys to the Dakota, Chippewa, Kickapoo, and Shawnee, 1916-1917

(8) Florida Survey, 1918, 1918-1927

(9) Alaska Archeological Expeditions, 1912-1938 (bulk 1926-1938)

(10) Panama-California Exposition Expeditions, 1912-1914

(11) Journey to Egypt, Europe, and Russia, 1908-1909

(12) Journey to South America, 1910, 1910-1912

(13) Journey to the Far East, 1920, 1900-1930

(14) Journey to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe, 1924-1925

(15) Anthropometric Measurements of Indians Taken at the United States National Museum, 1904-1905, most undated

(16) Bone Studies, 1893-1929, most undated

(17) Old Americans, 1914-1930

(18) Children Who Run on All Fours, 1928-1936

(19) Early Man Studies, 1906-1930

(20) European Ethnic History, 1908-1938

(21) Miscellaneous Research Notes, 1887-1930

(22) Manuscripts of Writings, 1901-1944, most undated

(23) Writings by Other Authors, 1877-1942

(24) Anthropometry, undated

(25) "From My Journeys", 1898-1938

(26) -- American Journal of Physical Anthropology -- , 1918-1931

(27) American Association of Physical Anthropologists, 1924-1931

(28) International Congress of Americanists, 1900-1928

(29) Institute of Population, 1942

(30) Department of Anthropology, 1914-1943

(31) Lecture Notes, 1920-1932

(32) Maps and Charts, 1900-1932

(33) Miscellany, 1895-1954

(34) Index Cards, 1899-1948

(35) Bibliographic Index, undated

(36) Physical Anthropology Folios, undated

(37) Photographs, 1887-1944

Biographical Note:

Aleš Hrdlička was born in Bohemia in 1869 and came to America when he was thirteen. As a young man, he was trained in medicine at New York's Eclectic Medical College and the New York Homeopathic Medical College, receiving degrees from each. His first professional work was as a private practitioner, but he gave that up in 1894 when he joined the staff of the New York State Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. There, in addition to other duties, he began studies of the physical characteristics of inmates. This set in motion developments that would eventually lead him to become one of the world's most prominent anthropologists who has sometimes been referred to as "the founder of physical anthropology in America."

In 1896, in preparation for a research appointment with the Department of Anthropology in the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, Hrdlička went to Paris and studied with Leon Manouvrier. After his return to America, he worked for a short period with the Pathological Institute and came into contact with G.S. Huntington of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York. Hrdlička arranged and studied Huntington's large collection of skeletal material, thus gaining knowledge of a well-documented collection representing largely normal persons of European ancestry. He came to the attention of Frederic Ward Putnam, of the American Museum of Natural History, who arranged for his first anthropological field studies.

It was thus that Hrdlička became a member of the Hyde Expeditions to the American Southwest and northern Mexico. In 1898, he traveled to Mexico with Carl Lumholtz to study the Tarahumaras, Huichols, and neighboring tribes. In subsequent years, he returned to Mexico and the Southwest alone and studied physical characteristics and medical conditions of several American Indian tribes. With this experience and examinations of the Trenton and Lansing skeletal material for Putnam, Hrdlička came fully into the world of anthropology. In 1903, he was appointed head of the newly formed Division of Physical Anthropology in the United States National Museum.

While in his position at the Smithsonian, Hrdlička returned to the Southwest for studies of Pima and Apache children in 1905 and, in the following year, traveled to Florida to examine allegedly ancient remains of man. In 1908, he worked among a number of Indian tribes, including the Menominee, Oglala Dakota, Quinailt, Hupa, and Mohave, in a study of tuberculosis among them. In 1909, he traveled to Egypt with an expedition of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York in order to study living Egyptians and to examine remains of Egypt's past population. The following year took him to Argentina, Peru, and Mexico. In the first of these, he again examined allegedly ancient remains of man. In Peru, he made a large collection of skeletal material near Trujillo, at Pachamac, and in the Chicama Valley.

From 1912-1914, Hrdlicka undertook a physical anthropological exhibit for the Panama-California Exposition in San Diego and, for this, traveled to eastern Siberia, Mongolia, Peru, and Florida. He also examined fossil remains of man in Europe and directed field work of other anthropologists in South and East Africa, St. Lawrence Island in Alaska, the Philippines, eastern Siberia, and the Ukraine. In 1915, for the Department of Justice, he assessed the racial makeup of Chippewas on the Leech Lake and White Earth reservations in Minnesota and also studied Dakota Indians. In 1917, his field work was directed toward white American families with longtime residence in the United States. In 1918, he carried out a survey of ancient sites in eastern Florida for the Bureau of American Ethnology. In 1920, he traveled to Hawaii, Japan, Korea, and Manchuria in connection with an appointment to lecture at the Peking Union Medical College. As director of the American School for Prehistoric Studies in France, he again studied fossil remains of man in Europe in 1922 and 1923. In 1925, he carried out work in India, Ceylon, Java, Australia, South Africa, and Europe. In 1927, he was again in Europe to deliver the Huxley Memorial Lecture before the Royal Anthropological Society in Great Britain. Between 1929 and 1938, he traveled frequently to Alaska to carry on an anthropological survey. In 1939, he traveled to Russia and Siberia.

Beginning with much of the skeletal collection of the Army Medical Museum, which had been transferred to the Smithsonian in 1898 before he was appointed there, Hrdlička amassed a bone collection that included, among many other specimens, the Huntington collection, casts of fossil remains of man, and a large and diverse North American collection. He also gathered a large collection of human brains. Over three hundred publications resulted from his study of this material, his field work, and his study of specimens in other museums. In addition, he was involved in many other activities. For United States government agencies, he provided services ranging from examinations of human remains for law enforcement officials to providing information and opinions concerning national origins and traits that were needed to interpret laws and form foreign policy. During World War II, he also advised government officials on policies to be pursued with certain national groups following the war.

In 1918, Hrdlička founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and remained its editor until 1942. In 1928, he was the major force behind the organization of the American Association of Physical Anthropologists and served as its president from 1928 to 1932. He was also president of the Anthropological Society of Washington in 1907, the American Anthroplogical Association from 1925 to 1927, and the Washington Academy of Sciences from 1928 to 1929. He was chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1918 and secretary of the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council in 1917. From the 1920s to the 1940s Hrdlicka was a member of the American Eugenics Society and prepared exhibits for various eugenics congresses. In addition, Hrdlička was a member of the American Philosophical Society and the National Academy of Sciences. He represented the Smithsonian at several international gatherings of scholars, including meetings of the International Congress of Americanists.

Chronology

1869 March 29 -- Alois Ferdinand Hrdlička (Aleš Hrdlička) born in Humpolec, Bohemia

1882 September -- Emigrated to New York City

1888 -- While stricken with typhoid, met M. Rosenbleuth, a physician who arranged for Hrdlička to enroll at the Eclectic Medical College of New York City

1892 -- Enrolled in the New York Homeopathic Medical College and Hospital Published first article, "Scheme of Examination (Medical)," Publications of the Eclectic Medical College Graduated first in his class from the Eclectic Medical College

1894 -- Graduated first from his class from the Homeopathic Medical College Became research intern at the State Homeopathic Hospital for the Insane in Middletown, New York, where he began his studies in physical anthropology Passed state board examination (allopathic)

1895 -- Joined staff of the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals as associate in anthropology

1896 -- Studied anthropology under Leon Manouvrier in Paris

1896 August 6 -- Married Marie Stickler (Dieudonnée)

1898 March-July(?) -- Accompanied Carl Lumholtz on his expedition to northern Mexico, sponsored by the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH), and visited the Tarahumara, Huichol, and Tepecan Indians

1899 Spring -- Resigned from the Pathological Institute to take charge of physical and medical anthropological research on the Hyde Expeditions of the AMNH to the southwestern United States

1899 August -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, to excavate the site of Pueblo Bonito and to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; visited Grand Gulch caves in southern Utah; included visits to the Navahos and southern Utes

1900 -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to New Mexico, Arizona, and southern Colorado to conduct somatological surveys among the Indians; included visits to the Apaches, Yumas, and Pueblo Indians

1902 January-September -- Hyde expeditions for AMNH to southwestern Arizona, New Mexico, and northern Mexico to conduct somatological surveys; included visits to the Tepecanos, Papagos, Opatas, Pimas, Yaquis, Mayos, Huichols, Otomis, Tepehuanes, Maricopas, Yumas, Yavapais, Paiutes, Walapais, and Havasupais

1902 October-December -- Hyde expedition for the AMNH to Mexico for Hrdlička to complete his somatological investigations; included visits to the Tepehuanes, Coras, Huichols, "Nahuas," "Aztecs," and Tarascans

1903 May 1 -- Became assistant curator in charge of the new Division of Physical Anthropology, Department of Anthropology, at the United States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution

1905 -- Expedition under the auspices of the Bureau of American Ethnology to Arizona and New Mexico to complete the observations on the tribes of this region; Hrdlička especially studied Apache and Pima Indian children

1906 February -- Expedition to western Florida to investigate remains of alleged ancient man

1907 -- President of the Anthropological Society of Washington

1908 -- Expedition to Indian schools and reservations in Wisconsin, Washington, California, Arizona, and South Dakota to study tuberculosis for a report to the International Congress of Tuberculosis

1908 December - 1909 May -- Traveled to Egypt, Greece, Turkey, Hungary, Bohemia, Russia, Poland, and Germany to examine human skeletal remains from an excavation in Egypt by the Metropolitan Museum of Art and to study peoples of the Near East

1910 March 28 -- Promoted to curator in the Division of Physical Anthropology

1910 April-September -- Attended the 17th International Congress of Americanists in Buenos Aires and Mexico City Traveled to Argentina, Brazil, Peru, Mexico, and Panama

1912 -- Planned and directed seven expeditions for the physical anthropology exhibit at the Panama-California Exposition held at San Diego in 1915; expeditions included Hrdlička to Siberia and Mongolia and later to Peru; Riley D. Moore to St. Lawrence Island, Alaska; Philip Newton to the Philippine Islands; Vojtech Suk to Africa; Stanislaw Poniatowski to eastern Siberia; Kazimir Stolyhwo to the Birusa caves in Siberia and to the Ukraine; and Jindřich Matiegka to Bohemia

1912 May-Summer -- Traveled to London to attend 18th International Congress of Americanists Traveled to Siberia and Mongolia for the Panama-California Exposition

1912 September -- Traveled to Geneva for the 14th International Congress of Prehistoric Anthropology and Archaeology

1913 January-April -- Expedition to Peru as part the effort for the Panama-California Exposition

1914 November 18 - 1915 January 18 -- Attended Panama-California Exposition

1915 May -- Research for the Department of Justice at the White Earth and Leech Lake reservations in Minnesota to determine non-Indian mixture among Chippewas

1915 December -- Served as General Secretary for the 19th International Congress of Americanists held in Washington

1916 Fall -- Traveled to Florida to examine remains of supposed ancient man

1917 March-July -- Served as Secretary on the Committee on Anthropology of the National Research Council

1917 Summer -- "Old American" research at Yale University, Harvard University, and the University of Virginia and in Tennessee

1917 August -- Sponsored by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, traveled to Oklahoma to visit the Shawnee Agency in eastern Oklahoma and the Kickapoo Indians in McCloud to search for adequate samples of pure blood Indians

1918 -- Elected to the American Philosophical Society Served as Chairman of Section H of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Founded the American Journal of Physical Anthropology and became its long-time editor Surveyed prehistoric sites on the southwest coast of Florida

1918 October 8 -- Death of his wife Marie

1920 -- Anthropometry published by the Wistar Institute Elected an honorary fellow of the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1920 Summer -- Married Mina (Vilemina) Mansfield

1920 January-May -- Visited Japan, Korea, Manchuria, northern China, Mongolia, and Hawaii Lectured at Peking Union Medical College in China

1920 Fall -- Visited Minnesota Chippewa (at the White Earth Reservation?) to help the Department of Justice setter the question of mixed and pure bloods among the Chippewa

1921 -- Elected to the National Academy of Sciences

1922 -- Visited Spain, France, Germany, Moravia, and England Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from the University of Prague Chairman of the American delegation to the 20th International Congress of Americanists in Rio de Janiero

1923 -- Served three and one-half months as Director of the American School in France for Prehistoric Studies Visited England, Holland, Belgium, France, Germany, Bohemia, Austria, Croatia, and Italy

1925 -- The Old Americans published by Williams and Wilkins Co.

1925 March-October -- Traveled to Australia, Java, India, South Africa, and Europe on a trip sponsored by the Buffalo [New York] Society of Natural Science to obtain cranial measurements of Australian aborigines and Tasmanians, to investigate the Rhodesian Man site in South Africa, to survey the field of early man, and to collect data to support his hypothesis about the peopling of the Earth

1925-1926 -- President of the American Anthropological Association

1926 -- Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from University of Brno and D.Nat.Sc. degree from Brunn University

1926 May-September -- First fieldwork in Alaska: reconnaissance down the Yukon River to its mouth, around the Bering Sea and through the Bering Strait along the Alaskan coast to Point Barrow

1927 -- Received Huxley Memorial Medal and gave Huxley Lecture on "the Neanderthal Phase of Man" before the Royal Anthropological Society of Great Britain

1928 -- Helped found the American Association of Physical Anthropologists (AAPA)

1928-1929 -- President of the Washington Academy of Sciences

1928-1932 -- Served as first president of the AAPA

1929 -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Yukon River from Tanana to its mouth, to St. Lawrence and the Diomede Islands, to Cape Prince of Wales, up to Point Barrow and back to Unalaska Awarded honorary Sc.D. degree from Charles University, Prague

1930 -- Published The Skeletal Remains of Early Man, Vol. 83 Smithsonian Miscellaneous collections Published "Anthropological Survey in Alaska," Forty-sixth Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnology, pp. 21-374

1930 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Kuskokwim River from Bethel down river to Apogak and up river to Stony River

1931 -- Children Who Run on All Fours published by McGraw-Hill Book Co.

1931 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1932 -- Kober Foundation lecturer of Georgetown University

1932 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site, trial excavations at Chief's Point and other sites, and a survey of Kodiak Island

1934 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed Cooks Inlet sites and the mainland opposite the Our Point site

1935 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site

1936 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: excavated at Our (Jones) Point site and surveyed the Dutch Harbor caves, some of the Aleutian Islands, and the mummy cave on Kagamil Island

1937 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands and Commander Islands

1938 Summer -- Fieldwork in Alaska: surveyed the Aleutian Islands, Dutch Harbor caves, and Commander Islands

1939 April 4 -- Testimonial dinner given by the American Association of Physical Anthropologists in honor of his 70th birthday

1939 April-June -- Recuperated in London hospital after suffering a coronary occlusion

1942 March 31 -- Retired from curatorship at United States National Museum, becoming an associate in anthropology

1942 December -- Resigned as editor of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology

1943 -- Alaska Diary published by Cattell Press

1943 September 5 -- Died of heart attack

1944 -- Anthropology of Kodiak Island published by Wistar Institute

1945 -- The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants published by Wistar Institute

1969 -- Tenth Anthropological Congress of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences dedicated to Hrdlička in the 100th anniversary year of his birth

Selected Bibliography

1908 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physiological and Medical Observations Among the Indians of Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico. Bulletin 34, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1908.

1912 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Early Man in South America. Bulletin 52, Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1912.

1919 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Physical Anthropology: Its Scope and Aims. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1919.

1920 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropometry. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1920.

1925 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Old Americans. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins Co., 1925.

1930 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Skeletal Remains of Early Man. Vol. 83, Smithsonian Miscellaneous Collections. City of Washington: The Smithsonian Institution, 1930. Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropological Survey in Alaska. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930.

1931 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Children Who Run on All Fours, and Other Animal-like Behaviors in the Human Child. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1931.

1943 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Alaska Diary, 1926-1931. Lancaster, PA: The Jacques Cattell Press, 1943.

1944 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. Anthropology of Kodiak Island. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1944.

1945 -- Hrdlička, Aleš. The Aleutian and Commander Islands and Their Inhabitants. Philadelphia: The Wistar Institute of Anatomy and Biology, 1945.

Related Materials:

Additional material in the National Anthropological Archives relating to Aleš Hrdlička can be found in the papers of William Louis Abbott, Henry Bascom Collins, Herbert William Krieger, and Frank Spencer; records of the American Anthropological Association, Bureau of American Ethnology, Department of Anthropology of the United States National Museum (National Museum of Natural History), Science Service, Anthropological Society of Washington, and the United States Army Medical Museum (anatomical section, records relating to specimens transferred to the Smithsonian Institution); and glass negatives of Indians collected by the Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution illustrations.

Additional related photographs can be found in Photo Lot 8, Division of Physical Anthropology collection; Photo Lot 9, Photographs of Indians for the Panama-California Exposition, San Diego; Photo Lot 24, Bureau of American Ethnology, United States National Museum photographs of American Indians; Photo Lot 70, Department of Anthropology portrait file; Photo Lot 78, Miscellaneous negatives; Photo Lot 97, Division of Ethnology collection ("USNM" Collection); Photo Lot 73-26B, Aleš Hrdlička photographs relating to the Panama-California Exhibition; Photo Lot 73-26G, Miscellany; Photo Lot 77-48, Group portraits of International Congress; Photo Lot 79-38, Division of World Archeology collection; Photo Lot 83-41, Division of Physical Anthropology collection of photographs of human bones; and Photo Lot 92-46, Anthropology lantern slides.

Related films can be found in the Human Studies Film Archive under the accession numbers HSFA 1982.2.1, 1982.2.2, 1986.12.1, and 2015.13.1.

Hrdlička's extensive collection of reprints is maintained in the Division of Physical Anthropology.

Frank Spencer's doctoral dissertation "Aleš Hrdlička, M.D., 1869-1943: A Chronicle of the Life and Work of an American Physical Anthropologist" (1979) is the only book length biography of Hrdlička. The Frank Spencer papers, 1836-1999, are available at the NAA and contain original correspondence between Hrdlička and his first wife, Marie Strickler; his childhood report card from 1869; copies of family photos obtained from Lucy Miller, Hrdlička's niece; and an audio recording of Hrdlička speaking at Wistar Institute.

Further material may be found in the Smithsonian Institution Archives.

Provenance:

Hrdlička bequeathed his papers to the Smithsonian Institution. The Division of Physical Anthropology maintained them until they were deposited in the National Anthropological Archives in the 1960s. Some papers have come into the collection since then, most recently in 2018. These new accretions came to the collection through Donald Ortner, David Hunt, T. Dale Stewart, the Department of Anthropology, and the University of Alaska.

Restrictions:

The Aleš Hrdlička papers are open for research.

Access to the Aleš Hrdlička papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Human evolution  Search this

Physical anthropology  Search this

Children -- Physical anthropology  Search this

anthropometry  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Fossil hominids  Search this

Citation:

Aleš Hrdlička papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

The Repatriation Office, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, provided funds for the arrangement and description of the Aleš Hrdlička papers

Identifier:

NAA.1974-31

See more items in:

Aleš Hrdlička papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1974-31

Creator:

Schadenberg, Alexander  Search this

Extent:

145 Glass negatives

2 Folders (Manuscript envelope)

Culture:

Filipinos  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Glass negatives

Glass plate negatives

Place:

Philippines -- Ethnology

Philippines -- Fishing

Pasig River (Luzon, Philippines)

Philippines

Date:

circa 1881-1896

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs of the Philippines, including images of Spanish and Philippine people, military personnel, houses and government buildings, churches, villages and towns, rivers and landscapes, and material culture.

Biographical/Historical note:

Alexander Schadenberg (1851-1896) was a chemist and ethnographer, and a natural history enthusiast. Born in Breslau, Germany, he studied chemistry and botany. After receiving his Ph.D., he worked as the assistant director of the Potassic Salt Works in Stassfurt. In 1876, he went to worked as a chemist for the drug company Pablo Sartorius in Manila and in 1879, illness forced him to move back to Breslau.

From 1881 to 1883, Schadenberg and his friend Otto Koch visited southern Mindanao to carry out ethnographic and linguistic studies, basing themselves in the Bagobo village of Sibulan. There, they also made ethnographic and natural history collections. Upon their return to Germany Schadenberg spent several years working on his collections, publishing, lecturing and corresponding with museums and anthropological societies throughout Europe.

Schadenberg later returned to the Philippines and became a partner of Pablo Sartorius. He settled with his family in Vigan in 1885 and continued his excursions among the native people of the islands. After Schadenberg's death in 1896, his collections passed to several museums in Dresden, Vienna, Berlin, and Leyden.

Location of Other Archival Materials:

The Dresden Museum holds the bulk of the photographs donated by Schadenberg's wife. The National Library of Australia holds some of Schadenberg's photographs in the Otley Beyer collection of photographs.

Provenance:

The collection was given to the Smithsonian Institution in 1903 by Dr. A.B. Meyer, Director of the Dresden Museum (Original accession no. USNM 41586). In his letter offering the smaller set of negatives to the Smithsonian, Meyer's writes,"The Dresden Museum recently received a present from the widow of Dr. Schadenberg who lived for years in the Philippines, and with whom together I published, as you will be aware, several works on these islands, some hundreds of negatives, the result of the photographic work of her late husband. Among these are about 150 which are of no value, whatever, for this Museum."

Restrictions:

The original negatives are fragile and not available for viewing. Digital surrogates are available.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Architecture -- Philippines  Search this

Church Interiors  Search this

Church buildings  Search this

Habitations and other structures -- Philippines  Search this

Genre/Form:

Glass plate negatives

Citation:

Photo Lot 152, Alexander Schadenberg photographs of the Philippines, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.152

See more items in:

Alexander Schadenberg photographs of the Philippines

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-152

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

3 Boxes

(9-11 of 18)

Container:

Box 68

Box 69

Box 70

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1909-1913

Scope and Contents:

Includes Daniel Folkmar manuscript on his experiences on the Islands, ca. 1909-13 (several different drafts).

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology / 17.1: Manuscript and Pamphlet File

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref15163

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

(13 of 18)

Container:

Box 71

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1902

Scope and Contents:

Includes a list of photographs by F. F. Hilder and list of Hilder collection as boxed up at Charleston, South Carolina, 1902.

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology / 17.1: Manuscript and Pamphlet File

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref15165

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Container:

Box 71a

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1900

Scope and Contents:

Notebook, Otis T. Mason, "Materials for a Guide to Collections in the Philippine Islands, including notes, illustrations, J. McK. Cattell to Mason, 6/7/00, stating he would try to help him while he (Woodruff) was in the Philippines, and W. J. McGee to Mason, 7/3/00 re Philippine photographs and problems in ethnology and linguistics.

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology / 17.1: Manuscript and Pamphlet File

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref15167

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Extent:

(17 of 18)

Container:

Box 71a

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1898-1907

Scope and Contents:

Notebook, including Charles E. Woodruff to Mason, 11/12/01, stating he would try to help him while he (Woodruff) was in the Phillippines; A. D. Meyer to Mason, 7/7/00 re illustrations and publications concerning the Philippines; Cyrus Adler, 87/00 and D.G. Brinton, 9/30/98, re publications on the Philippines; C. W. Shoemaker to Mason, 2/14/05 re committee of National Academy of Science on scientific research in the Philippines; Edgar H. Mearns to Mason, 3/6/07 re forwarding notebooks on Philippine material; J. B. Sture to William H. Holmes, 4/2/02, re his work in the Philippines; Dean C. Worcester, 6/18/02, with list of photographs; a vocabulary of Lake Lanao Moro, with notes; and other correspondence and notes.

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology / 17.1: Manuscript and Pamphlet File

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref15169

Collection Creator:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. United States National Museum. Department of Anthropology  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1840s

1860-1962

1972

1997

Scope and Contents:

For those who are searching for anthropologically substantive materials, special note should be made of the Manuscript and Pamphlet File. A potpourri of documents, the file includes correspondence, notes, drawings, maps, photographs, printed and processed materials, paper specimens, reports, writings, catalogs, motion picture film (now in the Smithsonian's Human Studies Film Archives), bibliographies, and other types of documents. Of concern is a wide variety of subjects such as anthropological specimens, museology and museums, Smithsonian history, archaeological and ethnological methods, exhibits, expeditions, history of anthropology, and so forth.

The file seems to have been maintained in the Division of Ethnology — in one document it was referred to as Herbert W. Krieger's morgue — and the subject matter is largely ethnological. Nevertheless, some documents relate to archeology and physical anthropology. The file also contains administrative materials, such as records relating to the Department of Anthropology's use of Work Projects Administration workers during the 1930s. In addition, the file is the main location of materials not generally accepted as being strictly anthropological in the modern sense. It includes, for example, material on period costumes, fish and fisheries, whaling, religions, armor, biblical studies, modern appliances, the seal industry, European music and musical instruments, lace, aeronautics, and other similar subjects. In addition, the file includes sets of papers of Edwin H. Hawley ,Walter Hough, Otis T. Mason, Talcott Williams and Thomas Wilson. Some documents, both primary and secondary research materials, concern the following cultural groups and geographic areas: Arabs, Bannock, Baubi, Blackfoot, British Columbia, Caddo, Carib, Chinook, Cochiti, Comanche, Cossacks, Cuna, Delaware, Diegueño, District of Columbia, Dyak, Eskimo, Europe, Fox, Goajira, Haida, Hawaii, Hittites, Hupa, India, Innuit, Iran, Ireland, Jamomadi, Japan, Jivaro, Kabyles, Kiowa, Kirghese, Klamath, Korea, Luiseño, Madagascar, Madiera, Maidu, Makah, Maori, Mataco, Maya, Micmac, Micronesia, Mission, Modoc, Mohave, Mongolia, Moro, Morocco, Naltunnetunne, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Navaho, New Guinea, Nez Perce, Nubia, Omaha, Onandaga, Osage, Oto, Papua, Parsee, Pawnee, Peru, Philippines, Pomo, Pueblo, Puerto Rico, Pygmies, Quichua, Quinaielt, Samoa, Sauk, Seminole, Seri, Shoshoni, Spain, Tahiti, Tesuque, Thailand, Texas, Tolowa, Tonga, Tulalip, Utah, Virginia, Washo, Wichita, Wintun, Yavapai, and Zuni.

Collection Restrictions:

Some materials are restricted.

Access to the Department of Anthropology records requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Department of Anthropology Records, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.XXXX.0311, Subseries 17.1

See more items in:

Department of Anthropology records

Department of Anthropology records / Series 17: Division of Ethnology

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-xxxx-0311-ref53