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A. Scott Crossfield Papers

Creator:: Crossfield, A. Scott (Albert Scott), 1921- Search this

Names:: Eastern Air Lines Search this; National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) Search this; North American Aviation, Inc. Search this

Extent:: 20.23 Cubic feet (42 boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Photographs; Audiotapes; Correspondence; Manuscripts

Date:: 1940 - 2004

Summary:: This collection consists of over nine cubic feet of material documenting Scott Crossfield's aviation career, with emphasis on his involvement with the North American X-15. The following types of material are included: correspondence; reel to reel tapes; papers, manuscripts; newspaper and magazine clippings; aviation manuals; photographs; film; and Crossfield's notes and reports.

Scope and Content note:: This collection encompasses the entirety of Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr.'s career as an engineer, test pilot, airline executive, and speaker and advocate for aerospace education. Records in the collection date from Crossfield's time at college in the 1940s through his death in 2006. Crossfield's papers were donated to the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Archives by the Crossfield family in 2006 and a second batch of material was received in 2008. The collection was received without any apparent organizational scheme, but some items were received in labeled folders and these folder titles were retained when the collection was processed. One group of material was loaned by the family for copying and these items were photocopied and placed within the appropriate folder in the case of documents, or were scanned and entered into the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Archives image database in the case of photographs.

After his retirement from North American Aviation, Inc., Crossfield gave his papers to a former secretary, Marion Brown, so that she could organize them for his use in future writing projects. In February 1973, a U.S. Navy Vought A-7E Corsair II crashed into the apartment building where Brown lived and all of Crossfield's papers in her possession were destroyed. Due to this incident, the collection has more material from Crossfield's time with Eastern Air Lines and onwards, although the prior years are still well represented through records that were either retained in Crossfield's possession or copies that were gathered after the fact. There is correspondence from Crossfield relating to the crash in Box 11 of the collection.

The archival materials in this collection are organized into four series. The first series is composed of personal materials and includes school records, correspondence, personal photographs, records relating to various organizations in which Crossfield was active, information relating to the publication of Crossfield's autobiography, Always Another Dawn, other writings by Crossfield, financial records, subject files assembled by Crossfield, philatelic materials (Crossfield was an active collector and was a founding member and officer of The Aviation Historical Foundation, a philatelic organization), and news clippings. The material in this series is largely organized chronologically. Personal photographs and subject files are organized by topic first and chronologically within each folder and organizations are arranged alphabetically by name first and also chronologically within the individual folders.

The second series contains items relating to Crossfield's professional life, organized chronologically by place of employment. This series includes materials relating to Crossfield's work at Boeing, the U.S. Navy, the Kirsten Wind Tunnel at the University of Washington Aeronautical Laboratory, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), North American Aviation, Inc., Eastern Air Lines, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Crossfield's work as an Independent Technical Advisor, Crossfield's application for the position of Director of the National Air and Space Museum, Crossfield's time as a member of the United States Organizing Committee, and his work with organizations such as the Scott Crossfield Foundation and The Wright Experience. During the later part of his life, Crossfield toured the country extensively giving speeches, presenting awards, etc. and there is a large amount of material relating to these appearances in this part of the collection. These materials arrived already organized chronologically by individual trip and this organizational scheme was retained. Specifically, the professional life series includes flight reports, manuals, drawings, business correspondence, administrative records, presentations and papers, travel itineraries, notebooks, calendars, speeches delivered by Crossfield, and career related photographs (which are broken out as their own subseries). The professional life series also includes a section of miscellaneous professional items including job seeking correspondence, information on the patent for a power wheel braking or driving unit designed by Crossfield, and a folder of Crossfield's résumés.

The third series consists of audiotapes and is organized first by tape format and then chronologically within each category. Subjects of the audiotapes include speeches, a large number of North American X-15 cockpit recordings and radio communications, tape produced for a television program, and autobiographical notes. A number of the audiotapes include no description. With a total of 65 examples in this series, the most common audiotape format in the collection is, by far, 7 inch reel to reel tapes. Other formats in this series include 5 inch reel to reel tapes, 3.125 by 3.5 inch metal audiotape cartridges, and Dictaphone recording belts. Please note that these audio recordings are unavailable to the researcher at the time of processing due to the format and fragility of the tapes.

The fourth series of this collection is comprised of oversized materials and additional materials including galley proofs, news clippings, drawings, charts, professional records, and photographs. The organization of this series mirrors the folder titles found in the rest of the collection.

The researcher should note that the collection also contains several motion picture films relating to the life and career of Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr. These films are not included in the container list but a NASM Archives staff person can assist you regarding access.

Arrangement:: The A. Scott Crossfield Papers are organized into the following series and subseries:

Series I: Personal Materials

1.1 School Records

1.2 Correspondence

1.3 Personal Photographs

1.4 Organizations

1.5 Information Related to the Publication of Always Another Dawn

1.6 Other Writings by Crossfield

1.7 Financial Records

1.8 Subject Files

1.9 Philatelic Materials

1.10 News Clippings

1.11 Miscellaneous Personal Records

Series II: Professional Life

2.1 Boeing

2.2 U.S. Navy

2.3 Kirsten Wind Tunnel, University of Washington Aeronautical Laboratory

2.4 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)

2.5 North American Aviation, Inc.

2.6 Eastern Air Lines

2.7 Hawker Siddeley Aviation

2.8 Independent Technical Advisor

2.9 Application for NASM Director Position

2.10 United States Organizing Committee

2.11 Scott Crossfield Foundation

2.12 The Wright Experience

2.13 Speaking Engagements and Professional Appearances

2.14 Career Related Photographs

2.14 Miscellaneous Professional Records

Series III: Audiotapes

Series IV: Oversized Materials

Biographical/Historical note:: Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr. was born on October 2, 1921, in California. As a young boy, Crossfield was often confined indoors due to health problems related to pneumonia and rheumatic fever. During this time, he dreamed of becoming a pilot and designed and constructed model airplanes. Crossfield took his first airplane ride in 1927, at six years old, in an Alexander Eaglerock A-1 piloted by family friend Charles "Carl" Lienesch. Lienesch also encouraged Crossfield to become an engineer as well as a pilot. Unbeknownst to Crossfield's parents, he began taking flying lessons at the age of 12 at Wilmington Airport under the tutelage of pilot Vaughn McNulty. The family later moved to Washington State and it was there, at the Chehalis Airport, that Crossfield made his first solo flight in a Curtiss Robin. It was not until the summer of 1941, however, that Crossfield officially soloed and earned his pilot's license under the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP).

Crossfield enrolled in the University of Washington in 1940 and worked at the Boeing plant in Seattle, beginning in the fall of 1941, while still pursuing his studies. Crossfield's first assignment at Boeing was as an assembly page clerk. He was later promoted to the position of production expediter and shop salvage engineer. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Crossfield enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps and continued to work at Boeing while he waited for an opening in a cadet class. In February 1942, tired of waiting on the Air Corps and eager to get into combat, Crossfield enlisted in the U.S. Navy instead where he joined the cadet class of May 7, 1942. Crossfield first trained in Seattle, Washington, and later was sent to the Naval Air Training Center in Corpus Christi, Texas, where he earned his Naval Aviator's wings in 1942. During his time in the Navy, Crossfield never fulfilled his ambition to see combat because he was selected instead to remain at Corpus Christi as a flight and gunnery instructor. Crossfield eventually was sent to Hawaii to prepare and train for an invasion of Japan but the war ended before this became necessary. During his time in the U.S. Navy, Crossfield flew the Grumman F6F Hellcat, Vought F4U Corsair, and the North American SNJ Texan, among other aircraft. After he separated from active duty with the Service, Crossfield remained active in the Naval Reserves and was part of an aerobatic team at Sand Point Naval Air Station that flew Goodyear FG-1D Corsairs.

Crossfield returned to his studies at the University of Washington in 1946 and was employed doing tests at the Kirsten Wind Tunnel at the University's Aeronautical Laboratory. Crossfield earned his Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering in 1949 and his master's degree in aeronautical science in 1950. After obtaining his degrees, Crossfield joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) as a research pilot. During his time with NACA, Crossfield flew many aircraft including the Convair XF-92A, Bell X-1, Northrop X-4 Bantam, Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak, Bell X-5, Republic F-84F Thunderstreak, Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, North American F-86 Sabre, and the North American F-100A Super Sabre. Crossfield made history in the Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket on November 20, 1953, as the first pilot to exceed Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound).

In 1955, Crossfield left NACA and joined North American Aviation, Inc. to work on the X-15 program where he would not only serve as the X-15 Project Pilot but also as a Design Specialist, a role in which he was an integral part of the design of both the aircraft and the pressure suit developed by the David Clark Company for the X-15 program. The suit served as a prototype for the spacesuits later worn by astronauts. Crossfield helped to develop the X-15's cockpit, control, and engine systems; structural design; propulsion system; engineered its escape system; and contributed to its handling quality requirements. He also developed the ground control test methodology that would later become standard on the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs. Crossfield piloted the North American X-15 on its first captive flight in March 1959, first glide flight in June 1959, and the first powered flight in September 1959, as well as numerous other test flights, before the X-15 was delivered to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in February 1960. Crossfield also served as Chief Engineering Test Pilot at North American from 1955-1961 before moving to the Space and Information Systems Division first as the Director of Systems Test (1961) then as the Division Director of Test and Quality Assurance (1961-1966) where he was responsible for quality control in all North American projects including the Hounddog Missile (AGM-28, GAM-77), Paragliders for the Gemini program, Apollo Command and Service Module, and the Saturn V launch vehicles, second stage. Crossfield's final position with North American was as the Technical Director, Research, Engineering and Test from 1966-1967.

Crossfield joined Eastern Air Lines in Miami, Florida, as Division Vice President, Flight, Research, and Development, Flight Operations in 1967, a position he held until 1971 when he moved to Washington, DC, to serve as Staff Vice President, Transportation Systems Development (1971-1973). From 1974 to 1975, Crossfield served as Senior Vice President at Hawker Siddeley Aviation's U.S. subsidiary branch, an office he helped to establish. After leaving Hawker Siddeley, Crossfield served for many years as an independent technical advisor to the U.S. Congress. Crossfield also served on the United States Organizing Committee to plan the Air and Space Bicentennial. In the later part of his life, Crossfield traveled extensively to give talks, attend events, and make various professional appearances and it was on a return flight home from one such trip in 2006 that Crossfield was killed when the plane he was piloting was caught in a thunderstorm.

Crossfield was active in various organizations including the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the National Aeronautic Association (NAA), and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), a group in which he was a founding member. Crossfield also created the Scott Crossfield Foundation to support aerospace education. Crossfield was the recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Sperry (Lawrence B.) Memorial Award (1954) and Chanute (Octave) Award (AIAA, 1958), Kincheloe Award (SETP, 1960), Harmon Trophy (1960), Collier (Robert J.) Trophy (1961), NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1993), and the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Trophy for Lifetime Achievement (2000).

Crossfield published his autobiography, Always Another Dawn, in 1960 with Clay Blair, Jr. and is the author of numerous other publications, articles, and technical papers.

Provenance:: Alice Crossfield, Gift, 2006

Restrictions:: No restrictions on access.

Rights:: Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Topic:: North American X-15 Search this; Air pilots Search this; Aeronautics Search this; Aeronautics -- Records Search this

Genre/Form:: Photographs; Audiotapes; Correspondence; Manuscripts

Citation:: A. Scott Crossfield Papers, Accession number 2006-0041, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.; A. Scott Crossfield Papers, Acc. 2006-0041, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: NASM.2006.0041

See more items in:: A. Scott Crossfield Papers

Archival Repository:: National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg28d41031c-4569-4e2e-b114-8a32f81be51e

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nasm-2006-0041

Online Media:

Model, Missile, Regulus I, 1:10

Manufacturer:: Chance Vought Aircraft Search this

Materials:: Wood

Dimensions:: 1:10 scale. Missile is 52 inches long, 32 inches wide at the wings, and on the base is 12 inches high.

Type:: MODELS-Missiles & Rockets

Country of Origin:: United States of America

Credit Line:: Gift of Chance-Vought Aircraft, Inc.

Inventory Number:: A19610047000

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

See more items in:: National Air and Space Museum Collection

Data Source:: National Air and Space Museum

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9568d1461-1e22-4891-8bf3-ded950effc7c

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:nasm_A19610047000

Online Media:

Wright Field Technical Documents Library

Creator:: Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this

Names:: McCook Field, Ohio Search this; United States. Air Force Search this; United States. Air Force Materiel Division Search this; United States. Air Materiel Command Search this; Wright Field, Ohio Search this; Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio) Search this

Extent:: 733.77 Cubic feet (1508 document boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Correspondence; Publications; Reports; Photographs

Date:: 1915-1955

Summary:: Throughout its history the Engineering Division/Materiel Division at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, maintained a catalogued library of technical documents, which was turned over to the Air Force Museum and later donated to the National Air and Space Museum. The collection consists of reports and other documents on a variety of aviation-related topics, including general science (aeronautics, physics, chemistry, etc); military air service personnel, organization, and equipment for both US and foreign air forces; as well as operations, and so on. Currently, the finding aid only covers documents from the D52.1 subject code (Airplanes, arranged alphabetically) and only those that are physically located in the Wright Field Technical Documents Library.

Scope and Contents:: The collection consists of reports and other documents on a variety of aviation-related topics, including general science (aeronautics, physics, chemistry, etc); military air service personnel, organization, and equipment for both US and foreign air forces; as well as operations, and so on. Information on foreign services and equipment is usually from military intelligence reports, although some foreign documents or translations are included. The material also includes a large section of test reports from the Material Division itself.

Arrangement:: Every document in the collection has been assigned a multi-part Wright Field Number. This number is adapted from the Air Force central decimal correspondence filing system. Wright Field Numbers are written in the format:

[Subject Code] [Category Suffix] / [Sequence Number] [Sequence Modifier]

• Subject Code: This number begins with an alpha-numeric subject code. For example, D52.1 (Airplanes, arranged alphabetically).

• Category Suffix: A more specific textual subject reference. For example, in the D52.1 subjects, the suffix is usually a manufacturer name, aircraft name, or a general type of aircraft. (Original Wright Field cataloguers could be inconsistent in how they classified an airplane. For example, a document on a Japanese Mitsubishi A6M could be filed alphabetically under A6M, Mitsubishi, Zeke, Zero, or Misc. Japanese.) It is possible to not have a category suffix.

• Sequence Number: The individual number assigned to the document within its subject code and category. If a document was formerly classified as "Security Information," the sequence number starts with "S," for example "S-1." These are usually filed at the beginning of a range of documents. Sometimes technical manuals are filed using the technical order (TO) number. For example, 01-20EE-3 is the sequence number used for a Boeing B-17 Handbook of Overhaul Instructions, TO-01-20EE-3.

• Sequence Modifier: If there is a revision or multiple parts of a document, this is reflected in a sequence modifier. Ex. Dates, revision numbers, etc.

The documents are arranged alpha-numerically by Wright Field Number in the order of:

Subject Code, Category Suffix, Sequence Number, Sequence Modifier

Example of arrangement by Wright Field Number:

D52.1 / 42

D52.1 Aeronca / 2

D52.1 Boeing / S-1

D52.1 Boeing / 422

D52.1 Boeing / 511 Dec 1, 1941

D52.1 Boeing / 511 vol. 2 March 1, 1943

D52.1 Misc. Japanese / 46

Each record contains the title and source from the index cards. Information from the subject field on the cards appears as a scope and content note.

Currently, the finding aid only covers documents from the D52.1 subject code and only those that are physically located in the Wright Field Technical Documents Library. Please contact the NASM Archives regarding additional documents. Some may be located in the Technical Reference Files, cataloguing information may be only on the index cards, or the document has been catalogued as missing from the collection.

Biographical / Historical:: In 1917, the United States Army Air Service established an aviation engineering section at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio. In 1927, the Engineering Division, as it was then known, moved to nearby Wilbur Wright Field and remained there as the Air Force Materiel Division (AFMD) and Air Materiel Command (AMC) until Wright Field combined with Patterson Field to become Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in 1948. The Engineering Division was responsible for Army Air Services research and development and served as a clearinghouse for information on aviation development worldwide. Throughout its history the Engineering Division/Materiel Division maintained a catalogued library of documents, which was turned over to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson and was later donated to the National Air and Space Museum.

Provenance:: United States Air Force Museum, Transfer, 1962, NASM.XXXX.0428.

Restrictions:: No restrictions on access

Rights:: Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests

Topic:: Military intelligence Search this; Airplanes, Military -- Flight testing Search this; Aeronautics, Military Search this; Aeronautics Search this; Aeronautics, Military -- Research Search this

Genre/Form:: Correspondence; Publications; Reports; Photographs

Identifier:: NASM.XXXX.0428

See more items in:: Wright Field Technical Documents Library

Archival Repository:: National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2124245c3-eb7c-495a-a446-e87ba26d8251

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nasm-xxxx-0428

Pearl Bowser Audiovisual Collection

Names:: Andrade-Watkins, Claire Search this; Bambara, Toni Cade Search this; Dash, Julie Search this; Gerima, Haile Search this; Greaves, William, 1953-2005 Search this; Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989 Search this; Jafa, Arthur Search this; Jones, Robert Earl, 1904-2006 Search this; Massiah, Louis Search this; Micheaux, Oscar, 1884-1951 Search this; Moses, Ethel Search this; Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976 Search this; Sanchez, Sonia, 1934- (poet, reader) Search this; Snead, James A., 1953-1989 Search this; Spence, Louise, 1945- Search this; Tucker, Lorenzo Search this

Donor:: Bowser, Pearl, 1931- Search this

Extent:: approximately 100 Motion picture films; 213 Sound cassettes (7 boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Motion picture films; Sound cassettes; Sound cassette; Oral histories (document genres); 16mm motion picture film; Vhs (videotape format)

Place:: England; Harlem (New York, N.Y.); Roanoke (Va.); Memphis (Tenn.)

Date:: bulk 1920-2001

Biographical / Historical:: Pearl Bowser is a filmmaker, producer, author, lecturer, and highly acclaimed scholar of African American film who is recognized as an authority on the works of Oscar Micheaux, a noted writer, director, and producer of race films from 1919 to 1948.

Born Pearl Johnson on June 25, 1931, in Sugar Hill, Harlem, New York, she was named after her mother (also Pearl Johnson), a domestic worker who had been raised in a Catholic nunnery. On occasional Saturdays, the younger Pearl would accompany her mother to work in apartments in lower Manhattan, where she would assist her by folding handkerchiefs for a small allowance. After moving to a lower part of Harlem when she was about four years old, she met Harlem entrepreneur "Bumpy" Johnson, for whom she and other children in the neighborhood did odd jobs such as counting coins or attending to his ice-cream stand. Johnson, who would sometimes give the children joy rides in his Cadillac, occasionally allowed Pearl and the other children to borrow books from his extensive library, provided that they read them and submitted to a quiz.

As a child, Bowser had several racist encounters. For example, one of her white kindergarten teachers at her elementary school wore gloves in the classroom as to not touch Black pupils. She was also occasionally teased for having a gap between her teeth but felt insulated from sustained bullying because she had several older brothers who sometimes protected her. On a separate occasion, when she was about nine years old, her mother sent her on a trip from New York to the South to visit relatives. Although her mother had purchased tickets for her to be in a Pullman car, when she changed trains in Washington, DC., she was forced to ride in the car behind the engine, which left her covered in soot.

An avid reader, Pearl excelled in elementary and high school and received a scholarship to attend Brooklyn College, where she majored in biology. She supplemented her income by recording the numbers in one of Bumpy Johnson's shops. Disappointed with the quality of the education she was receiving, Bowser withdrew from Brooklyn College, eventually landing a job at CBS where she worked on a team that analyzed Nielsen ratings.

In 1955, Pearl married fellow New Yorker LeRoy Bowser. By the mid-1960s, although Pearl and LeRoy Bowser had separate interests, they both were working simultaneously in the civil rights movement. While LeRoy was active in Brooklyn CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) and went to the South in the summer to teach for what was the beginning of HeadStart, Pearl, along with other production activists, took to the streets documenting African American culture and issues—working to bring these films to schools. Additionally, Bowser wanted to write a cookbook to earn funds for Brooklyn's CORE organization. She was approached by David Davis, the editor of Tuesday Magazine. Tuesday had distribution in the Herald Tribune across the country as a Sunday supplement. As the urban-world magazine exploded in Black communities, "Joan" Bowser's two-page pictorials on Southern cooking with a set of recipes became very popular in the five years she wrote them. Bowser retained copyrights to the articles, and easily completed her cookbook a short time later.

Bowser's colleague at ABC, Charles Hobson, found a used book written by Peter Noble about Black films and Oscar Micheaux. The volume was slim and contained what little information contained in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) files. Hobson and his colleagues wanted to write a book about the topic, and they assigned Bowser to begin the research. As part of the project, Bowser went to California to interview actors who may have been in early Black films or may have worked with Micheaux. What she learned began her intensive scholarship into Micheaux and his fellow filmmakers.

In 1971, she organized her first film festival, the Black Film History Series. In 1979, she organized the nation's first American women's film festival in New York City. She also presented a major retrospective, Independent Black American Cinema 1920-1980, which toured the country during 1981 and 1982. She also directed the Journey Across Three Continents film and lecture series, which toured the country from 1983-1985. Bowser also served as president of the prestigious Flaherty Film Seminar in 1987. In 1989, she, alongside Grant Munro, programmed the 35th Flaherty Film Seminar, which featured films such as Finzan, Zajota and the Boogie Spirit, Daughters of the Dust, and many more. She has also been a judge at the world-renown Pan-African Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESCPACO) in Burkina Faso (formerly known as Upper Volta).

In the 1980s Bowser was awarded an independent artists grant by the Ford Foundation to travel west and collect oral histories from individuals in Oscar Micheaux's orbit, loosely following the route he would have travelled decades earlier. Stopping in cities such as Roanoke, Virginia; Memphis, Tennessee; and Jackson, Mississippi, she collected dozens of oral histories from actors, actresses etc. that knew Oscar Micheaux. Through this research she became an eminent figure in the Black independent film industry. Working as a programmer, she travelled around the United States and the world showing films by domestic and Black filmmakers within the Diaspora.

Despite her wealth of experience working as a programmer, it wasn't until the 1990s that Bowser made her directorial debut with the documentary film Midnight Ramble. Funded by American Experience, the film looks at African Americans and Hollywood movies from 1910 through the 1950s. In 2000, she, along with Louise Spence, co-authored Writing Himself into History: Oscar Micheaux, His Silent Films and His Audiences, a book about the pioneering filmmaker. Additionally, she is founder and director of Chamba Educational Film Services, a film distribution company that specialized in distributing films by African American filmmakers. In the early 1980s, she renamed her company/collection as African Diaspora Images, a collection of historical and contemporary films documenting Black film history. She subsequently joined Third World Newsreel, where she was director of their theater department.

In 2012, Pearl Bowser donated her extensive collection of books, sound cassettes, films, film memorabilia, and papers to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.

Sources:

1940 United States Federal Census; New York, New York, New York, population schedule, p. 61B, house number 1486, family 195, Pearl Bowser; Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012 accessed: 10 Sept 2022); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm: m-t0627-02665

Bowser, Pearl. Pearl Bowser Oral History. Interview by Tuliza Fleming and Jennifer Lyon, July 21, 2011.

Provenance:: Acquired as a donation from Pearl Bowser in 2012.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research. Access to collection materials requires an appointment.

Occupation:: Filmmakers Search this; Actors -- Interviews Search this

Topic:: Documentary films Search this; Film festivals Search this; African American actors Search this; African American actresses Search this; African diaspora Search this; Race films Search this; African American motion picture producers and directors Search this; African American women authors Search this; Meetings Search this; Conferences Search this; Lectures and lecturing Search this; Amateur films Search this; Motion picture soundtracks Search this; Oral history Search this; Radio broadcasts Search this

Genre/Form:: Sound cassette; Oral histories (document genres); 16mm motion picture film; VHS (videotape format)

Citation:: Pearl Bowser Collection, National Museum of African American History and Culture

Identifier:: NMAAHC.A2012.79.AV

See more items in:: Pearl Bowser Audiovisual Collection

Archival Repository:: National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io3209e9c6d-3045-4a0a-941e-6519385b18d5

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmaahc-a2012-79-av

"Amelia Earhart: A Biography" [Rich] Collection

Creator:: Rich, Doris L. Search this

Names:: Earhart, Amelia, 1897-1937 Search this; Mantz, Paul Search this; Rich, Doris L. Search this

Extent:: 3.89 Cubic feet (8 legal document boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Publications; Photographs; Correspondence

Date:: 1890-1990

Summary:: This collection consists of material collected and organized by Doris L. Rich during research in preparation for her 1989 book, Amelia Earhart: A Biography. Materials include reproductions of newspapers, books, periodicals, correspondence, and typed/handwritten notes by Rich.

Scope and Contents:: This collection consists of material collected and organized by Doris L. Rich during research in preparation for her 1989 book, Amelia Earhart: A Biography. Materials include reproductions of newspapers, books, periodicals, correspondence, and typed/handwritten notes by Rich.

Arrangement:: The collection is divided into 5 series, based upon the original order provided by Doris L. Rich.

Series 1: Biographical Files

Series 2: Amelia Earhart Chronology

Series 3: Historical Chronology

Series 4: Book Correspondence

Series 5: Subject Files and Bibliography

Information added by processing archivist is in brackets. Most notably, Doris L. Rich maintained a very formal tone in her correspondence, frequently addressing women by their married name only, ex. Mollison, Mrs. James. The processing archivist has added additonal name information in brackets when possible, ex. [Amy Johnson].

Biographical / Historical:: Amelia Earhart (1897-1937) in 1928 was the first woman to fly (as a passenger) across the Atlantic, and in 1932 the first woman (and second person, after Charles Lindbergh) to fly solo and nonstop across that ocean. She flew many record flights, published several books, and accomplished much for women in aviation before attempting, on June 1, 1937, an around-the-world flight from Miami, Florida, in a twin-engine Lockheed Electra. She and navigator Frederick J. Noonan were flying from Lae, New Guinea, to Howland Island when they disappeared over the Pacific Ocean on July 2, 1937. An exhaustive sea and air search, ordered by President Franklin Roosevelt, was unsuccessful in locating Earhart and Noonan.

Doris L. Rich (1920-2009) was a freelance journalist and photographer in Hong Kong from 1949 to 1967. She taught English in Bangladesh and Ghana before moving to Washington, DC in the late 1970s. Her first book, Amelia Earhart: A Biography, was published by the Smithsonian Press in 1989. In the book, Rich downplays Earhart's disappearance and instead focuses on Earhart's many contributions to the aviation field and her championing of women's rights. The book was proclaimed one of the Notable Books of the Year by the New York Times in 1990 and served as the basis for Amelia Earhart: The Final Flight, a made-for-television movie in 1994.

Provenance:: Doris L. Rich, Gift, 1990, NASM.1991.0003

Restrictions:: No restrictions on access

Rights:: Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests

Topic:: Aeronautics Search this; Women in aeronautics Search this; Women air pilots Search this; Air pilots -- United States -- Biography Search this; Periodicals Search this

Genre/Form:: Publications; Photographs; Correspondence

Citation:: Amelia Earhart: A Biography [Rich] Collection, Acc. NASM.1991.0003, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:: NASM.1991.0003

See more items in:: "Amelia Earhart: A Biography" [Rich] Collection

Archival Repository:: National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2045b5dff-ef1c-4177-b749-309a502ad83a

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nasm-1991-0003

Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection

Collector:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History Search this

Producer:: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Department of Public Programs Search this; America's Jazz Heritage Search this; Smithsonian Institution. Traveling Exhibition Service Search this

Funder:: Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation Search this; Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund Search this; National Endowment for the Arts Search this

Creator:: Smithsonian Institution Search this

Interviewee:: Adams, Joe, 1922- Search this; Aguabella, Francisco, 1925- Search this; Akiyoshi, Toshiko, 1929- Search this; Alvarado, Alfredo Search this; Anderson, Chris, 1926- Search this; Armenteros, Chocolate, 1928- Search this; Armstrong, Howard, 1909-2003 Search this; Ashby, Harold Search this; Atkins, Clarence, 1921- Search this; Avakian, George, 1919- Search this; Baker, David, 1931- Search this; Bank, Danny, 1922- Search this; Barker, Danny, 1909- Search this; Barker, Louise, 1913- Search this; Barron, Kenny Search this; Bass, Fontella Search this; Bates, Peg Leg, 1907- Search this; Bauza, Mario, 1911- Search this; Belli, Remo Search this; Bellson, Louis Search this; Benson, George, 1943- Search this; Berger, Ed Search this; Bert, Eddie, 1922- Search this; Betts, Keter, 1928- Search this; Bey, Chief (James), 1913- Search this; Bishop, Walter, 1927- Search this; Brooks, Cecil Search this; Brown, Oscar, Jr., 1926- Search this; Brown, Velzoe, 1910- Search this; Brubeck, Dave Search this; Bryant, Ardie, 1929- Search this; Bryant, Clora Search this; Bryant, Ray, 1931- Search this; Bufalino, Brenda, 1937- Search this; Bunnett, Jane Search this; Burns, Ralph, 1922-2001 Search this; Burrell, Kenny Search this; Butts, Jimmy, 1917- Search this; Byrd, Charlie, 1925- Search this; Calloway, Cab, 1907- Search this; Camero, Candido, 1921- Search this; Carbonell, Luis Search this; Carrington, Terri Lyne Search this; Carter, Benny, 1907-2003 Search this; Carter, Ron, 1937- Search this; Casey, Al, 1915- Search this; Cheatham, Doc, 1905-1997 Search this; Cheatham, Jeannie, 1917- Search this; Cheatham, Jimmy, 1924- Search this; Claxton, William Search this; Cobb, Jimmy, 1929- Search this; Cohen, Martin, 1939- Search this; Collins, John, 1913- Search this; Columbus, Chris, 1902- Search this; Conover, Willis, 1920- Search this; Costello, Diosa Search this; Cruz, Alfredo Search this; Cruz, Celia, 1920- Search this; Cugat, Xavier, 1900- Search this; D'Rivera, Paquito, 1948- Search this; De Franco, Buddy, 1923- Search this; DeJohnette, Jack Search this; Dejan, Harold, 1909- Search this; Del Puerto, Carlos, 1951- Search this; Di Novi, Gene, 1928- Search this; Diaz Ayala, Cristobal Search this; Donegan, Dorothy, 1922- Search this; Driggs, Frank, 1930- Search this; Dudley, Bessie, 1902- Search this; Edison, Harry, 1915- Search this; Egũes, Richard, 1923-2006 Search this; Farmer, Art, 1928- Search this; Favors, Malachi Search this; Fernandez, Rosita, 1918-2006 Search this; Fernandez, Ruth Search this; Finegan, Bill, 1917- Search this; Flynn, Frank (Marimba player) Search this; Foster, Frank, 1928- Search this; Fournier, Vernel, 1928- Search this; Freeman, Von, 1922- Search this; Fuller, Curtis, 1934- Search this; Fuller, Gil, 1920- Search this; Gensel, John Search this; Gilbert, Peggy Search this; Golson, Benny Search this; Gonzalez, Celina Search this; Goodson, Sadie, 1904- Search this; Green, Urbie Search this; Guerrero, Felix, 1916-2001 Search this; Guines, Tata Search this; Hamilton, Chico, 1921- Search this; Hampton, Slide Search this; Harris, Joe Search this; Harrison, Nelson Search this; Haynes, Roy, 1926- Search this; Heath, Jimmy, 1926- Search this; Heath, Percy, 1923-2005 Search this; Hemphill, Julius, 1938- Search this; Henderson, Bill, 1930- Search this; Henderson, Luther Search this; Hendricks, Jon, 1921- Search this; Hentoff, Nat Search this; Hill, Roger, 1928- Search this; Hinton, Milt, 1910-2000 Search this; Holman, Bill, 1927- Search this; Horn, Shirley, 1934- Search this; Humphries, Roger Search this; Hutcherson, Bobby Search this; Jarvis, Jane, 1915- Search this; Jimenez, Flaco Search this; Johnson, J.J., 1924- Search this; Jones, Elvin Search this; Jones, Hank, 1918-2010 Search this; Jones, Jonah Search this; Jones, Quincy, 1933- Search this; Jordan, Kidd, 1935- Search this; Jordan, Sheila, 1928- Search this; Keepnews, Orrin, 1923- Search this; Kimball, Narvin, 1909- Search this; Klein, Manny, 1908- Search this; Konitz, Lee Search this; Lateef, Yusef, 1920- Search this; Laws, Hubert Search this; LeGon, Jeni, 1916- Search this; LeRoy Neiman Search this; Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010 Search this; Levy, John, 1912-2012 Search this; Lewis, Edna, 1907- Search this; Lewis, Ramsey Search this; Liebman, Dave Search this; Lincoln, Abbey, 1930 - Search this; Liston, Melba Search this; Livelli, Vincent Search this; Longoria, Valerio, 1924-2000 Search this; Lopez, Israel, 1918- Search this; Lucie, Lawrence, 1907- Search this; Lutcher, Nellie, 1912- Search this; Lynton, Charles, 1904- Search this; Mandel, Johnny Search this; Manning, Frank, 1914- Search this; Marsalis, Delfeayo Search this; Marsalis, Ellis Search this; Marsalis, Jason Search this; McGettigan, Betty Search this; McIntosh, Tom, 1927- Search this; McKibbon, Al, 1919- Search this; McKusick, Hal, 1924- Search this; McPartland, Marian Search this; Mendoza, Lydia Search this; Miller, Eric Search this; Miller, Norma, 1919- Search this; Mondello, Toots, 1911- Search this; Moody, James, 1925- Search this; Morgenstern, Dan Search this; Murray, Albert, 1916- Search this; Myers, Amina Search this; Nicholas, Fayard, 1918- Search this; Nicholas, Harold, 1924- Search this; Norvo, Red, 1908-1999 Search this; O'Brien, Peter F. Search this; O'Farrill, Chico, 1921-2001 Search this; Owens, Jimmy, 1943- Search this; Palmier, Remo, 1923- Search this; Peraza, Armando, 1924- Search this; Perez, Graciela Search this; Peterson, Oscar, 1925- Search this; Puente, Tito Search this; Pullen, Don, 1941- Search this; Rachell, Yank Search this; Ray, Carline, 1925- Search this; Reed, Leonard, 1907- Search this; Richards, Red, 1912- Search this; Rivers, Sam Search this; Robinson, Charles Search this; Robinson, Les, 1912- Search this; Rogers, Shorty, 1924- Search this; Rollins, Sonny Search this; Ross, Annie, 1930- Search this; Royal, Marshall, 1912-1995 Search this; Rugolo, Pete, 1915- Search this; Russell, George, 1923-2009 Search this; Rutherford, Rudy Search this; Sager, Jane, 1914- Search this; Santamaria, Mongo, 1917- Search this; Scott, Jimmy Search this; Settle, Cucell, 1914- Search this; Shaw, Artie, 1910-2004 Search this; Slyde, Jimmy, 1927- Search this; Smith, Hale G. Search this; Smith, Johnny Search this; Stoll, Jerrold "Jerry" Keith , 1923-2004 Search this; Taylor, Arthur, 1929- Search this; Taylor, Billy Search this; Teagarden, Norma, 1911- Search this; Terry, Clark Search this; Thielemans, Toots Search this; Tinney, Al, 1921- Search this; Toro, Yomo Search this; Tucker, Bobby, 1923-2008 Search this; Tyner, McCoy Search this; Valdes, Bebo, 1918- Search this; Valdez, Carlos, 1926- Search this; Valdez, Chucho, 1941- Search this; Valentin, Val, 1920- Search this; Valeria, Chuy Search this; Van Gelder, Rudy Search this; Van Lake, Turk, 1918- Search this; Viola, Al, 1919- Search this; Walton, Cedar, 1934- Search this; Wein, George Search this; Wess, Frank, 1922- Search this; Weston, Randy, 1926- Search this; White, Andrew, 1942- Search this; Wilder, Joe, 1922- Search this; Willcox, Spiegle, 1902- Search this; Williams, Claude, 1908-2004 Search this; Williams, John, 1905- Search this; Wilson, Gerald, 1918- Search this; Wilson, Nancy, 1937- Search this; Wofford, Mike Search this; Woods, Phil Search this; Ybarra, Eva Search this; Yoshida, George, 1922- Search this; Young, Al (Saxophinist) Search this; Young, Lee, 1917- Search this; Young, Webster, 1932- Search this

Interviewer:: Baker, Lida Search this; Bluiett, Hamiett Search this; Brower, William Search this; Brown, Anthony Search this; Burstein, Julie Search this; Carner, Gary Search this; Cole, Tom Search this; Coleman, Steve Search this; Corporan, Hector Search this; Crease, Bob Search this; Dantzler, Russ Search this; Elie, Lolis Search this; Fernandez, Raul Search this; Fochios, Steve Search this; Frank, Rusty Search this; Geremia, Paul, 1944- Search this; Haddix, Chuck Search this; Harris, Barry Search this; Holley, Eugene Search this; Jackson, Reuben Search this; Jenkins, Willard Search this; Kimery, Kennith Search this; Kirchner, Bill Search this; Levin, Floyd, 1922-2007 Search this; Lopez, Rene Search this; McDaniel, Ted Search this; McDonough, John Search this; Murphy, Molly Search this; Newton, James Search this; O'Meally, Bob Search this; Ouelette, Dan Search this; Pelote, Vincent Search this; Placksin, Sally Search this; Porter, Lewis Search this; Pullman, Peter Search this; Ritz, David Search this; Rodrique, Jessie Search this; Schoenberg, Loren Search this; Schwartz, Scott Search this; Smith, Ernie Search this; Sneed, Ann Search this; Stitt, Katea Search this; Talbot, Bruce Search this; Tucker, Sherrie Search this; Watson, Matt Search this; White, Michael Search this; Whitfield, Weslia Search this; Willard, Patricia Search this; Williams, James Search this; Wong, Herb Search this; Yamazaki, Paul Search this; Zimmerman, James Search this

Extent:: 39 Cubic feet (56 boxes)

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Compact discs; Sound recordings; Oral history; Audiotapes; Interviews

Date:: 1992-2014

Scope and Contents:: Audiotapes, CDs and digital files: an ongoing project to interview and preserve the memories of people important in the jazz world, including jazz musicians, singers, dancers, producers, arrangers, and others. A list of interviewees and interviewers follows.

The following is a list of the individuals who conducted the interviews.

1. Brown, Anthony

2. Baker, Lida

3. Burstein, Julie

Interviewer

2. Bluiett, Hamiet

Arrangement:: This collection is arranged into six series.

Series 1, DAT and CD Original Interview Recordings, 1992-2012

Series 2, Cassette Reference and Master Interview Tapes, 1992-2012

Series 3, Audio CD Reference Copies, 2000-2012

Series 4, Video/CD, 1994-2012

Series 5, Transcripts and Abstracts, 1992-2014

Series 6, Supplemental Documentation, 1992-2012

Biographical / Historical:: The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program, a project of "America's Jazz Heritage, A Partnership of the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution" initiative was created in 1992. More than 150 in-depth oral history interviews were conducted from 1992 through 2002. The collection was transferred to the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History in 2000. Now part of the National Museum of American History's American Music History Initiatives, the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program continues to conduct interviews as funding is available.

The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program was established to document significant jazz musicians, performers, producers, and business associates in their own words and voices. Program staff contacted and worked with potential interviewees to arrange for interviews. Each interview was conducted by a jazz authority and was recorded on digital audiotape by a professional audio engineer. The interviews averaged 6 hours in length and covered a wide range of topics including early years, initial involvement in music, generally, and jazz specifically, as well as experiences in the jazz music world, including relationships to musicians. The original DAT interview tapes were then dubbed to audiocassettes and CD to create protection and access copies. More recent interviews have been recorded using fully digital technology and the interviews are preserved and made availbel as digital files.

A number of the interviews were conducted as part of the Ella Fitzgerald Oral History Project of the Jazz Oral History Program. Funded by the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, these interviews focus on the life and work of Ella Fitzgerald. The National Endowments for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program continues to support new interviews with NEA Jazz Masters.

For more information about jazz concerts, education, collections, Jazz Appreciation Month, and the Jazz Master orchestra, visit Smithsonian Jazz.

Provenance:: The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research. Researchers must use reference copies.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions. Release forms exist for most interviews.

Topic:: Dancers Search this; Music -- 20th century Search this; Jazz Search this; Musicians -- United States Search this; Jazz musicians -- United States Search this

Genre/Form:: Compact discs; Sound recordings; Oral history -- 1990-2000; Audiotapes -- 1990-2000; Interviews -- 2000-2010; Interviews -- 1990-2000

Citation:: [Interviewee name] Interview, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection, 1992-2014, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Sponsor:: The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program and supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Identifier:: NMAH.AC.0808

See more items in:: Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection

Archival Repository:: Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89ce666f6-61ae-465c-b2e7-262c9c4d7bfe

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0808

Online Media:

No Image Available

Oyster Bay -- Planting Fields Arboretum

Landscape architect:: Olmsted Brothers Search this; Greenleaf, James L., 1857-1933 Search this

Creator:: Byrne, James, Mrs Search this; Coe, William Robertson Search this; Coe, Mai Rogers Search this; Coe Hall Search this; Planting Fields Search this; State University Of New York Search this; Long Island State Park Commission Search this; Walker & Gillette Search this; Lowell & Sargent Search this; Lewis & Valentine Search this

Engineer:: Greenleaf, James L., 1857-1933 Search this

Collection Creator:: Lewis & Valentine Company Search this

Collection Donor:: Lewis, Hewlett Withington Search this

Type:: Archival materials

Related Materials:: Records related to this site can be found at the Frederick Law Olmsted National Historic Site, Olmsted Job Number 06645, William R. Coe.

Collection Restrictions:: Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:: Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Citation:: Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, Lewis & Valentine Company Records.

Identifier:: AAG.LVC, File NY279

See more items in:: Lewis & Valentine company records; Lewis & Valentine company records / Garden Images / United States of America / New York

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Gardens

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6c348230a-e851-4846-bd33-114fd50ecff8

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aag-lvc-ref774

[Planting Fields Arboretum]

Creator:: Byrne, James, Mrs Search this; Coe, William Robertson Search this; Coe, Mai Rogers Search this; Coe Hall Search this; Planting Fields Search this; State University Of New York Search this; Long Island State Park Commission Search this; Walker & Gillette Search this; Lowell & Sargent Search this; Lewis & Valentine Search this

Engineer:: Greenleaf, James L., 1857-1933 Search this

Landscape architect:: Greenleaf, James L., 1857-1933 Search this; Olmsted Brothers Search this

Collection Creator:: Lewis & Valentine Company Search this

Collection Donor:: Lewis, Hewlett Withington Search this

Extent:: 1 Slide (black-and-white.)

Type:: Archival materials; Slides

Place:: New York (State) -- Oyster Bay; United States of America -- New York -- Nassau County -- Oyster Bay

Date:: [1930?]

General:: This photograph may be from 1918-1921, the period of construction of Coe Hall, since the photograph depicts scaffolding and construction.

Collection Restrictions:: Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:: Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Topic:: Spring Search this; Sculpture Search this; Ponds Search this; Wooden boxes Search this; Standard Search this; Box Search this; Perennials Search this; Edging plants Search this; Urns Search this; Formal gardens Search this; Jardinieres Search this; Barrels Search this; Trees Search this; Construction sites Search this; Walls, brick Search this

Collection Citation:: Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, Lewis & Valentine Company Records.

Identifier:: AAG.LVC, Item NY279001

See more items in:: Lewis & Valentine company records; Lewis & Valentine company records / Garden Images / United States of America / New York / NY279: Oyster Bay -- Planting Fields Arboretum

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Gardens

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6131de183-2bc4-4a81-8e8b-e0abc216ce42

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aag-lvc-ref775

Online Media:

Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman papers

Creator:: Fleischman, Lawrence A. (Lawrence Arthur), 1925-1997 Search this

Names:: American Federation of Arts Search this; Archives of American Art Search this; Corcoran Gallery of Art Search this; Detroit Institute of Arts Search this; Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum Search this; Kennedy Galleries Search this; Kraushaar Galleries Search this; M. Knoedler & Co. Search this; Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.) Search this; Midtown Galleries (New York, N.Y.) Search this; Milwaukee Art Center Search this; Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.) Search this; National Gallery of Art (U.S.) Search this; Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts Search this; Philadelphia Museum of Art Search this; United States Information Agency Search this; University of Michigan. Museum of Art Search this; Whitney Museum of American Art Search this; Allston, Washington, 1779-1843 Search this; Arms, John Taylor, 1887-1953 Search this; Bailey, Grace Search this; Bailey, Truman E., 1902?-1959 Search this; Bohrod, Aaron Search this; Burchfield, Charles Ephraim, 1893-1967 Search this; Culver, Charles B. (Charles Beach), 1908-1967 Search this; Eakins, Thomas, 1844-1916 Search this; Evergood, Philip, 1901-1973 Search this; Fleischman, Barbara Search this; Gentle, Esther, 1900- Search this; Krentzin, Earl, 1929- Search this; Marin, John, 1870-1953 Search this; Pollack, Peter, 1909-1978 Search this; Rattner, Abraham Search this; Richardson, Constance, 1905- Search this; Richardson, Edgar Preston, 1902-1985 Search this; Ryder, Albert Pinkham, 1847-1917 Search this; Sellers, Charles Coleman, 1903- Search this; Watkins, Franklin Chenault, 1894-1972 Search this

Extent:: 4.9 Linear feet

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Typescripts; Photographs

Date:: 1837-1984; bulk 1935-1979

Summary:: The papers of art collectors, art patrons, and philanthropists Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman measure 4.9 linear feet and date from 1837 to 1984, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1935-1979. The papers are comprised mostly of correspondence with artists, museums, and arts organizations. Also found are scattered biographical materials, artists' autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans, exhibition files, notes and writings, printed material, and photographs.

Scope and Contents:: The papers of art collectors, art patrons, and philanthropists Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman measure 4.9 linear feet and date from 1837 to 1984, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1935-1979. The papers are comprised mostly of correspondence with artists, museums, and arts organizations. Also found are scattered biographical materials, artists' autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans, exhibition files, notes and writings, printed material, and photographs.

One folder of biographical material includes a biographical account and a certificate of appreciation from the Common Council for the City of Detroit.

The bulk of the collection is comprised of correspondence documenting the Fleischman's art related activities and interests primarily during the 1950s and 1960s. Individual correspondents include Aaron Bohrod, Charles E. Burchfield, Charles B. Culver, Philip Evergood, Earl Krentzin, John Marin, Jr., Abraham Rattner and Esther Gentle, Peter Pollack, Edgar P. and Constance Richardson, Charles Coleman Sellers, and Franklin Watkins. One letter from Charles E. Burchfield includes four etching plates used to create the color print of Hot September Wind.

Arts organizations and galleries represented in the correspondence include the American Federation of Arts, the Archives of American Art, the Arts Commission of the City of Detroit, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Detroit Institute of Art, Kennedy Galleries, M. Knoedler and Co., Inc., Kraushaar Galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Midtown Galleries, the Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the School of the Society of Arts and Crafts, the United States Information Agency, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Winterthur Museum.

Autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans include letters written by artists Washington Allston (addressed to Thomas Sully), Albert Pinkham Ryder, and John Taylor Arms.

Exhibition files document the various exhibitions of art work from the Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman Collection at the University of Michigan Museum of Art; the Detroit Institute of Art; in Central and South America; in Greece, Israel and Russia; and at the Milwaukee Art Center. The files contain letters, notes, printed material, and photographs.

Three folders of notes and writings include "Introduction to Earl Krentzin Catalog" by Lawrence Fleischman and "Selection of Excerpts from the Soviet Press and Radio Attacking U. S. Culture" by unidentified authors.

Scattered printed material includes miscellaneous clippings and catalogs not connected with the Exhibition Files series. There is also a book John Marin: The Man and his Work by E. M. Benson that was autographed by Marin to the Fleischmans in 1953.

Photographs include portrait photographs of Lawrence Fleischman, photographs of Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman with colleagues, of art work from the Fleischman Collection, of Truman and Grace Bailey in their studio, and a copy photograph of Thomas Eakins as a boy.

Arrangement:: The collection is arranged as 7 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1958 (Box 1; 1 folder)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1949-1984 (Boxes 1-4, 7; 3.8 linear feet)

Series 3: Autograph Letters, 1837-1942 (Box 4; 4 folders)

Series 4: Exhibition Files, 1953-1960 (Boxes 4-5, 7; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 5: Notes and Writings, 1957-1962 (Box 5; 3 folders)

Series 6: Printed Material, 1935-1969 (Box 5-6; 6 folders)

Series 7: Photographs, 1953-1965 (Box 6; 13 folders)

Biographical / Historical:: Lawrence Fleischman (1925-1997) of New York City was an American art collector, patron, philanthropist, and benefactor. He and his wife, Barbara Greenberg Fleischman, assembled an impressive collection of art and artifacts that they shared with the public as part of their philanthropic activities aimed at fostering a wider appreciation of the arts around the world.

Lawrence Fleischman was born on February 14, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Stella and Arthur Fleischman, the owner of a large carpet business. He attended the Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois, and studied engineering at Purdue University. In 1942, he interrupted his studies to volunteer for service in the U.S. Army during World War II. While serving in France, he met a doctor who further fostered Fleischman's ever growing interest in American art. Following the war, he graduated with a degree in physics from the University of Detroit. Fleischman met Barbara Greenberg in Detroit and they were married in 1948.

Beginning in the late 1940s, Fleischman established a fledgling television station, developed holdings in real estate, and began purchasing art work. Initially the Fleischmans collected undervalued 20th century American art and were friends with several artists, including John Marin, Charles Burchfield, Stuart Davis, and Ben Shahn. They also expanded the scope of their collection to include 19th century American works.

During the 1950s, Lawrence Fleischman realized how there were few American art historians and college departments, as well as a lack of primary source material. Fleischman worked with Edgar P. Richardson, then director of the Detroit Institute of Art, to raise funds and they founded the Archives of American Art at the Detroit Institute of Art in 1954. The Archives of American Art was, and still is, dedicated to the collection, preservation, and study of primary source records that document the history of the visual arts in the United States. Lawrence A. Fleischman is a founding Trustee of the AAA and served as the Chairman of the Board from 1958 to 1966. His wife, Barbara joined the Board of Trustees in 1997 and served as Chair from 2003 to 2007. She is a Trustee Emerita.

Lawrence Fleischman's business and philanthropic interests included the Arthur Fleischman Carpet Company, the Lee Plaza Hotel-Motel in Detroit, Art Adventurers, the Art School of the Society of Arts and Crafts in Detroit, the Friends of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Cultural Committee of the United States Information Agency, and the Art Commission of Detroit, which governed the Detroit Institute of Art. He also served as an officer of the Board for many of the arts-related organizations.

In 1996, the Fleischmans moved their family from Detroit to New York City, where Lawrence Fleischman became a partner in the Kennedy Galleries.

The Fleischmans philanthropic activities include generous support of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Art, the Cleveland Museum, the British Museum, the Vatican Museum, and lifelong support of the Archives of American Art.

Lawrence Fleischman died on January 31, 1997 in London, England. Barbara Fleischman lives in New York City and continues to be an active supporter of the visual arts.

Related Materials:: Among the Archives holdings are two oral history interviews with Lawrence A. Fleischman. The first was conducted by Paul Cummings in 1970 and the second conducted by Gail Stavitsky in 1994 . Both interviews have transcripts available.

Separated Materials:: The Archives of Art also holds microfilm of material lent for microfilming, the majority of which was later donated, except for five letters on reel D197. These include one postcard from Constance Richardson, 1956; one letter from Constance Richardson, 1957; one letter from Franklin Watkins, 1955; one letter from Lawrence Fleischman to Wilbur H. Hunter, 1960; and one letter from Richard D. Tucker, 1960. This material remains with lender and is not described in the collection container inventory.

Provenance:: The Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman papers were donated in several accretions by Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman from 1954 to 2007. Letters were also loaned for microfilming in 1965, but nearly all of them were subsequently donated.

Restrictions:: Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:: Painters -- United States Search this

Topic:: Painting, American Search this; Art patrons Michigan Detroit Search this; Artists' studios -- Photographs Search this; Philanthropists Search this; Art -- Collectors and collecting -- United States Search this

Genre/Form:: Typescripts; Photographs

Citation:: Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman Papers, 1837-1984. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:: Funding for the digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art.

Identifier:: AAA.fleilawr

See more items in:: Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman papers

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw92905ad60-9c85-493f-90b7-272f1486ef69

EDAN-URL:: ead_collection:sova-aaa-fleilawr

Online Media:

Rocket Motor, Liquid Fuel, James H. Wyld, Serial No. 1, Variant

Manufacturer:: Reaction Motors, Inc. Search this

Materials:: Rods, Chrome-plated steel; cooling jacket, nickel-plated brass; nuts, steel; motor, proper (threaded interior cylinder), non-ferrous metal; retainer rings, steel; hex nut on component No. 3, aluminum; B-nut, brass; nozzle, non-ferrous metal, possibly plated copper or brass; nozzle sleeves or collars (two), brass