Search Results

Creator:

Crossfield, A. Scott (Albert Scott), 1921-  Search this

Names:

Eastern Air Lines  Search this

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)  Search this

North American Aviation, Inc.  Search this

Extent:

20.23 Cubic feet (42 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Audiotapes

Correspondence

Manuscripts

Date:

1940 - 2004

Summary:

This collection consists of over nine cubic feet of material documenting Scott Crossfield's aviation career, with emphasis on his involvement with the North American X-15. The following types of material are included: correspondence; reel to reel tapes; papers, manuscripts; newspaper and magazine clippings; aviation manuals; photographs; film; and Crossfield's notes and reports.

Scope and Content note:

This collection encompasses the entirety of Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr.'s career as an engineer, test pilot, airline executive, and speaker and advocate for aerospace education. Records in the collection date from Crossfield's time at college in the 1940s through his death in 2006. Crossfield's papers were donated to the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Archives by the Crossfield family in 2006 and a second batch of material was received in 2008. The collection was received without any apparent organizational scheme, but some items were received in labeled folders and these folder titles were retained when the collection was processed. One group of material was loaned by the family for copying and these items were photocopied and placed within the appropriate folder in the case of documents, or were scanned and entered into the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Archives image database in the case of photographs.

After his retirement from North American Aviation, Inc., Crossfield gave his papers to a former secretary, Marion Brown, so that she could organize them for his use in future writing projects. In February 1973, a U.S. Navy Vought A-7E Corsair II crashed into the apartment building where Brown lived and all of Crossfield's papers in her possession were destroyed. Due to this incident, the collection has more material from Crossfield's time with Eastern Air Lines and onwards, although the prior years are still well represented through records that were either retained in Crossfield's possession or copies that were gathered after the fact. There is correspondence from Crossfield relating to the crash in Box 11 of the collection.

The archival materials in this collection are organized into four series. The first series is composed of personal materials and includes school records, correspondence, personal photographs, records relating to various organizations in which Crossfield was active, information relating to the publication of Crossfield's autobiography, Always Another Dawn, other writings by Crossfield, financial records, subject files assembled by Crossfield, philatelic materials (Crossfield was an active collector and was a founding member and officer of The Aviation Historical Foundation, a philatelic organization), and news clippings. The material in this series is largely organized chronologically. Personal photographs and subject files are organized by topic first and chronologically within each folder and organizations are arranged alphabetically by name first and also chronologically within the individual folders.

The second series contains items relating to Crossfield's professional life, organized chronologically by place of employment. This series includes materials relating to Crossfield's work at Boeing, the U.S. Navy, the Kirsten Wind Tunnel at the University of Washington Aeronautical Laboratory, the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), North American Aviation, Inc., Eastern Air Lines, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Crossfield's work as an Independent Technical Advisor, Crossfield's application for the position of Director of the National Air and Space Museum, Crossfield's time as a member of the United States Organizing Committee, and his work with organizations such as the Scott Crossfield Foundation and The Wright Experience. During the later part of his life, Crossfield toured the country extensively giving speeches, presenting awards, etc. and there is a large amount of material relating to these appearances in this part of the collection. These materials arrived already organized chronologically by individual trip and this organizational scheme was retained. Specifically, the professional life series includes flight reports, manuals, drawings, business correspondence, administrative records, presentations and papers, travel itineraries, notebooks, calendars, speeches delivered by Crossfield, and career related photographs (which are broken out as their own subseries). The professional life series also includes a section of miscellaneous professional items including job seeking correspondence, information on the patent for a power wheel braking or driving unit designed by Crossfield, and a folder of Crossfield's résumés.

The third series consists of audiotapes and is organized first by tape format and then chronologically within each category. Subjects of the audiotapes include speeches, a large number of North American X-15 cockpit recordings and radio communications, tape produced for a television program, and autobiographical notes. A number of the audiotapes include no description. With a total of 65 examples in this series, the most common audiotape format in the collection is, by far, 7 inch reel to reel tapes. Other formats in this series include 5 inch reel to reel tapes, 3.125 by 3.5 inch metal audiotape cartridges, and Dictaphone recording belts. Please note that these audio recordings are unavailable to the researcher at the time of processing due to the format and fragility of the tapes.

The fourth series of this collection is comprised of oversized materials and additional materials including galley proofs, news clippings, drawings, charts, professional records, and photographs. The organization of this series mirrors the folder titles found in the rest of the collection.

The researcher should note that the collection also contains several motion picture films relating to the life and career of Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr. These films are not included in the container list but a NASM Archives staff person can assist you regarding access.

Arrangement:

The A. Scott Crossfield Papers are organized into the following series and subseries:

Series I: Personal Materials

1.1 School Records

1.2 Correspondence

1.3 Personal Photographs

1.4 Organizations

1.5 Information Related to the Publication of Always Another Dawn

1.6 Other Writings by Crossfield

1.7 Financial Records

1.8 Subject Files

1.9 Philatelic Materials

1.10 News Clippings

1.11 Miscellaneous Personal Records

Series II: Professional Life

2.1 Boeing

2.2 U.S. Navy

2.3 Kirsten Wind Tunnel, University of Washington Aeronautical Laboratory

2.4 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA)

2.5 North American Aviation, Inc.

2.6 Eastern Air Lines

2.7 Hawker Siddeley Aviation

2.8 Independent Technical Advisor

2.9 Application for NASM Director Position

2.10 United States Organizing Committee

2.11 Scott Crossfield Foundation

2.12 The Wright Experience

2.13 Speaking Engagements and Professional Appearances

2.14 Career Related Photographs

2.14 Miscellaneous Professional Records

Series III: Audiotapes

Series IV: Oversized Materials

Biographical/Historical note:

Albert Scott "Scotty" Crossfield, Jr. was born on October 2, 1921, in California. As a young boy, Crossfield was often confined indoors due to health problems related to pneumonia and rheumatic fever. During this time, he dreamed of becoming a pilot and designed and constructed model airplanes. Crossfield took his first airplane ride in 1927, at six years old, in an Alexander Eaglerock A-1 piloted by family friend Charles "Carl" Lienesch. Lienesch also encouraged Crossfield to become an engineer as well as a pilot. Unbeknownst to Crossfield's parents, he began taking flying lessons at the age of 12 at Wilmington Airport under the tutelage of pilot Vaughn McNulty. The family later moved to Washington State and it was there, at the Chehalis Airport, that Crossfield made his first solo flight in a Curtiss Robin. It was not until the summer of 1941, however, that Crossfield officially soloed and earned his pilot's license under the Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), Civilian Pilot Training Program (CPTP).

Crossfield enrolled in the University of Washington in 1940 and worked at the Boeing plant in Seattle, beginning in the fall of 1941, while still pursuing his studies. Crossfield's first assignment at Boeing was as an assembly page clerk. He was later promoted to the position of production expediter and shop salvage engineer. After the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941, Crossfield enlisted in the U.S. Army Air Corps and continued to work at Boeing while he waited for an opening in a cadet class. In February 1942, tired of waiting on the Air Corps and eager to get into combat, Crossfield enlisted in the U.S. Navy instead where he joined the cadet class of May 7, 1942. Crossfield first trained in Seattle, Washington, and later was sent to the Naval Air Training Center in Corpus Christi, Texas, where he earned his Naval Aviator's wings in 1942. During his time in the Navy, Crossfield never fulfilled his ambition to see combat because he was selected instead to remain at Corpus Christi as a flight and gunnery instructor. Crossfield eventually was sent to Hawaii to prepare and train for an invasion of Japan but the war ended before this became necessary. During his time in the U.S. Navy, Crossfield flew the Grumman F6F Hellcat, Vought F4U Corsair, and the North American SNJ Texan, among other aircraft. After he separated from active duty with the Service, Crossfield remained active in the Naval Reserves and was part of an aerobatic team at Sand Point Naval Air Station that flew Goodyear FG-1D Corsairs.

Crossfield returned to his studies at the University of Washington in 1946 and was employed doing tests at the Kirsten Wind Tunnel at the University's Aeronautical Laboratory. Crossfield earned his Bachelor of Science degree in aeronautical engineering in 1949 and his master's degree in aeronautical science in 1950. After obtaining his degrees, Crossfield joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) as a research pilot. During his time with NACA, Crossfield flew many aircraft including the Convair XF-92A, Bell X-1, Northrop X-4 Bantam, Douglas D-558-1 Skystreak, Bell X-5, Republic F-84F Thunderstreak, Convair F-102 Delta Dagger, North American F-86 Sabre, and the North American F-100A Super Sabre. Crossfield made history in the Douglas D-558-2 Skyrocket on November 20, 1953, as the first pilot to exceed Mach 2 (twice the speed of sound).

In 1955, Crossfield left NACA and joined North American Aviation, Inc. to work on the X-15 program where he would not only serve as the X-15 Project Pilot but also as a Design Specialist, a role in which he was an integral part of the design of both the aircraft and the pressure suit developed by the David Clark Company for the X-15 program. The suit served as a prototype for the spacesuits later worn by astronauts. Crossfield helped to develop the X-15's cockpit, control, and engine systems; structural design; propulsion system; engineered its escape system; and contributed to its handling quality requirements. He also developed the ground control test methodology that would later become standard on the Mercury, Gemini, and Apollo space programs. Crossfield piloted the North American X-15 on its first captive flight in March 1959, first glide flight in June 1959, and the first powered flight in September 1959, as well as numerous other test flights, before the X-15 was delivered to the U.S. Air Force (USAF) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in February 1960. Crossfield also served as Chief Engineering Test Pilot at North American from 1955-1961 before moving to the Space and Information Systems Division first as the Director of Systems Test (1961) then as the Division Director of Test and Quality Assurance (1961-1966) where he was responsible for quality control in all North American projects including the Hounddog Missile (AGM-28, GAM-77), Paragliders for the Gemini program, Apollo Command and Service Module, and the Saturn V launch vehicles, second stage. Crossfield's final position with North American was as the Technical Director, Research, Engineering and Test from 1966-1967.

Crossfield joined Eastern Air Lines in Miami, Florida, as Division Vice President, Flight, Research, and Development, Flight Operations in 1967, a position he held until 1971 when he moved to Washington, DC, to serve as Staff Vice President, Transportation Systems Development (1971-1973). From 1974 to 1975, Crossfield served as Senior Vice President at Hawker Siddeley Aviation's U.S. subsidiary branch, an office he helped to establish. After leaving Hawker Siddeley, Crossfield served for many years as an independent technical advisor to the U.S. Congress. Crossfield also served on the United States Organizing Committee to plan the Air and Space Bicentennial. In the later part of his life, Crossfield traveled extensively to give talks, attend events, and make various professional appearances and it was on a return flight home from one such trip in 2006 that Crossfield was killed when the plane he was piloting was caught in a thunderstorm.

Crossfield was active in various organizations including the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), the National Aeronautic Association (NAA), and the Society of Experimental Test Pilots (SETP), a group in which he was a founding member. Crossfield also created the Scott Crossfield Foundation to support aerospace education. Crossfield was the recipient of numerous awards and honors including the Sperry (Lawrence B.) Memorial Award (1954) and Chanute (Octave) Award (AIAA, 1958), Kincheloe Award (SETP, 1960), Harmon Trophy (1960), Collier (Robert J.) Trophy (1961), NASA Distinguished Service Medal (1993), and the National Air and Space Museum (NASM) Trophy for Lifetime Achievement (2000).

Crossfield published his autobiography, Always Another Dawn, in 1960 with Clay Blair, Jr. and is the author of numerous other publications, articles, and technical papers.

Provenance:

Alice Crossfield, Gift, 2006

Restrictions:

No restrictions on access.

Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.

Topic:

North American X-15  Search this

Air pilots  Search this

Aeronautics  Search this

Aeronautics -- Records  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Audiotapes

Correspondence

Manuscripts

Citation:

A. Scott Crossfield Papers, Accession number 2006-0041, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

A. Scott Crossfield Papers, Acc. 2006-0041, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NASM.2006.0041

See more items in:

A. Scott Crossfield Papers

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg28d41031c-4569-4e2e-b114-8a32f81be51e

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nasm-2006-0041

Creator:

Dale, Dianne  Search this

Polk, P. H., 1898-1985  Search this

Names:

Barry, Marion, 1936-2014  Search this

Dale, Almore M., 1911-1984  Search this

Dale, Dianne  Search this

Dale, John Henry, Jr., 1888-1973  Search this

Dale, Lucille Emma Patterson, 1889-1973  Search this

Dale, Marie Howard, 1914-2011  Search this

Dale, Norman Edward, 1908-1991  Search this

Garner, Araminta Dale, 1913-1987  Search this

Patterson, Frederick D. (Frederick Douglass), 1901-1988  Search this

Patterson, Wilhelmina Bessie, 1888-1962  Search this

Extent:

6 Linear feet (9 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Photographs

Programs

Clippings

Correspondence

Ephemera

Postcards

Place:

Anacostia (Washington, D.C.)

Date:

1866 - 1990.

Summary:

The Dale-Patterson family papers, which date from 1866 to 2010 and measure 6 linear feet, document the personal and professional lives of the Dale-Patterson family who came to live in Hillsdale, Anacostia, area of Washington, D.C., in 1892.

Scope and Contents note:

The Dale-Patterson family papers, which date from 1866 to 1990 and measure 6 linear feet, document the personal and professional lives of the Dale-Patterson family who came to live in Hillsdale, Anacostia, area of Washington, D.C., in 1892. The collection is comprised of correspondence, photographs, clippings, and ephemera.

Arrangement note:

The collection is arranged in four series:

Series 1: Dale-Patterson Family papers Series 2: Charles Qualls papers Series 3: Community Organizations Series 4: Subject Files

Biographical/Historical note:

The Dale family came to Washington, DC in 1886 when John Henry Dale, Sr., a gifted self-taught man, obtained a position as clerk in the newly contracted Pension Bureau building at 5th and G Streets, NW. First they lived near 13th Street and Florida Avenue, NW, then moved to Howard Road in Anacostia. Dale built a house at 2619 Nichols Avenue, now Martin Luther King, Jr. Avenue, drawing the plans and supervising the construction. The Dales and only one other family lived in this solidly built house for 100 years before it was sold to a church group and demolished.

General Note:

Finding Aid Note: This finding aid is associated with a MARC collection-level record.361883

Provenance:

The Dale-Patterson Family collection was donated to the Anacostia Community Museum on April 07, 2013.

Restrictions:

Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist at acmarchives@si.edu.

Rights:

The Dale-Patterson Family collection is the physical property of the Anacostia Community Museum. Literary and copyright belong to the author/creator or their legal heirs and assigns. Rights to work produced during the normal course of Museum business resides with the Anacostia Community Museum. For further information, and to obtain permission to publish or reproduce, contact the Museum Archives.

Topic:

African Americans  Search this

African American families  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Programs

Clippings

Correspondence

Ephemera

Postcards

Citation:

Dale-Patterson Family collection, Anacostia Community Museum Archives, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Dianne Dale.

Identifier:

ACMA.06-074

See more items in:

Dale-Patterson Family collection

Archival Repository:

Anacostia Community Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/qa7c29572e9-2bd6-4b2a-8982-b527693b7885

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-acma-06-074

Measurements:

overall: 5 1/4 in x 1/2 in; x 13.335 cm x 1.27 cm

Object Name:

?

handpiece

Other Terms:

?; Dentistry

Credit Line:

Gift of the S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Company

ID Number:

MG.M-09524

Catalog number:

M-09524

Accession number:

232230

See more items in:

Medicine and Science: Medicine

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a5-8232-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmah_731919

Subject of:

Boeing Corporation, American, founded 1916  Search this

Tuskegee Airmen, 1941 - 1946  Search this

Maycie Herrington, American, 1918 - 2016  Search this

Paul Adams, American, 1920 - 2013  Search this

Charles E. McGee, American, 1919 - 2022  Search this

Nancy Leftenant-Colon, American, born 1920  Search this

Wilbur Mason, American, 1924 - 2016  Search this

Samuel Wesley Henderson, American, 1921 - 2016  Search this

Cyril O. Bryon, American, 1920 - 2015  Search this

George M. Boyd, American, 1926 - 2018  Search this

William J. Childs, American, 1923 - 2013  Search this

Alexander Jefferson, American, 1921 - 2022  Search this

Leroy Eley, American, 1927 - 2012  Search this

O. Oliver Goodall, American, 1922 - 2010  Search this

Charles A. Lane, American, 1925 - 2013  Search this

Thurston L. Gaines Jr., American, 1922 - 2016  Search this

Lee A. Archer Jr., American, 1919 - 2010  Search this

Earl Martin, American, 1924 - 2019  Search this

Franklin J. Macon, American, 1923 - 2020  Search this

Rusty Burns, American, 1925 - 2022  Search this

Asa D. Herring Jr., American, 1926 - 2022  Search this

James E. Randall, American, 1926 - 2019  Search this

William H. Holloman III, American, 1924 - 2010  Search this

Robert Holts, American, 1924 - 2021  Search this

Leonard Hall, American, 1926 - 2013  Search this

James Harvey, American, born 1923  Search this

Dr. Roscoe C. Brown, American, 1922 - 2016  Search this

Samuel C. Hunter Jr., American, 1919 - 2013  Search this

Leo R. Gray, American, 1924 - 2016  Search this

Quentin Smith, American, 1918 - 2013  Search this

Oscar C. Gadson Jr., American, 1919 - 2021  Search this

James C. Warren, American, 1923 - 2014  Search this

Robert Ashby, American, 1926 - 2021  Search this

Claude R. Platte Jr., American, 1921 - 2013  Search this

Milton Williams Jr., American, 1922 - 2017  Search this

Used by:

Tuskegee Institute, American, founded 1881  Search this

Medium:

steel, aluminum, copper alloy, wood, polyester, rubber, plastic

Dimensions:

H x W x D (2011.82.1): 114 × 386 × 300 in. (289.6 × 980.4 × 762 cm)

H x W x D (2011.82.2 baggage claim door): 21 1/2 × 30 3/4 × 2 3/4 in. (54.6 × 78.1 × 7 cm)

Type:

training aircraft

Date:

ca. 1944

Topic:

African American  Search this

Aeronautics  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Military  Search this

Tuskegee Airmen  Search this

World War II  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture

Object number:

2011.82.1-.2

Restrictions & Rights:

No Known Copyright Restrictions

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Transportation Vehicles

Exhibition:

Defending Freedom, Defining Freedom: The Era of Segregation, 1876-1968

On View:

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Concourse 2, C 2053

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5e994f4e9-bef9-41b4-86d9-a2b0ce43f9fc

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2011.82.1-.2

Creator:

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)  Search this

Names:

McCook Field, Ohio  Search this

United States. Air Force  Search this

United States. Air Force Materiel Division  Search this

United States. Air Materiel Command  Search this

Wright Field, Ohio  Search this

Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (Ohio)  Search this

Extent:

733.77 Cubic feet (1508 document boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Correspondence

Publications

Reports

Photographs

Date:

1915-1955

Summary:

Throughout its history the Engineering Division/Materiel Division at Wright Field in Dayton, Ohio, maintained a catalogued library of technical documents, which was turned over to the Air Force Museum and later donated to the National Air and Space Museum. The collection consists of reports and other documents on a variety of aviation-related topics, including general science (aeronautics, physics, chemistry, etc); military air service personnel, organization, and equipment for both US and foreign air forces; as well as operations, and so on. Currently, the finding aid only covers documents from the D52.1 subject code (Airplanes, arranged alphabetically) and only those that are physically located in the Wright Field Technical Documents Library.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of reports and other documents on a variety of aviation-related topics, including general science (aeronautics, physics, chemistry, etc); military air service personnel, organization, and equipment for both US and foreign air forces; as well as operations, and so on. Information on foreign services and equipment is usually from military intelligence reports, although some foreign documents or translations are included. The material also includes a large section of test reports from the Material Division itself.

Arrangement:

Every document in the collection has been assigned a multi-part Wright Field Number. This number is adapted from the Air Force central decimal correspondence filing system. Wright Field Numbers are written in the format:

[Subject Code] [Category Suffix] / [Sequence Number] [Sequence Modifier]

• Subject Code: This number begins with an alpha-numeric subject code. For example, D52.1 (Airplanes, arranged alphabetically).

• Category Suffix: A more specific textual subject reference. For example, in the D52.1 subjects, the suffix is usually a manufacturer name, aircraft name, or a general type of aircraft. (Original Wright Field cataloguers could be inconsistent in how they classified an airplane. For example, a document on a Japanese Mitsubishi A6M could be filed alphabetically under A6M, Mitsubishi, Zeke, Zero, or Misc. Japanese.) It is possible to not have a category suffix.

• Sequence Number: The individual number assigned to the document within its subject code and category. If a document was formerly classified as "Security Information," the sequence number starts with "S," for example "S-1." These are usually filed at the beginning of a range of documents. Sometimes technical manuals are filed using the technical order (TO) number. For example, 01-20EE-3 is the sequence number used for a Boeing B-17 Handbook of Overhaul Instructions, TO-01-20EE-3.

• Sequence Modifier: If there is a revision or multiple parts of a document, this is reflected in a sequence modifier. Ex. Dates, revision numbers, etc.

The documents are arranged alpha-numerically by Wright Field Number in the order of:

Subject Code, Category Suffix, Sequence Number, Sequence Modifier

Example of arrangement by Wright Field Number:

D52.1 / 42

D52.1 Aeronca / 2

D52.1 Boeing / S-1

D52.1 Boeing / 422

D52.1 Boeing / 511 Dec 1, 1941

D52.1 Boeing / 511 vol. 2 March 1, 1943

D52.1 Misc. Japanese / 46

Each record contains the title and source from the index cards. Information from the subject field on the cards appears as a scope and content note.

Currently, the finding aid only covers documents from the D52.1 subject code and only those that are physically located in the Wright Field Technical Documents Library. Please contact the NASM Archives regarding additional documents. Some may be located in the Technical Reference Files, cataloguing information may be only on the index cards, or the document has been catalogued as missing from the collection.

Biographical / Historical:

In 1917, the United States Army Air Service established an aviation engineering section at McCook Field in Dayton, Ohio. In 1927, the Engineering Division, as it was then known, moved to nearby Wilbur Wright Field and remained there as the Air Force Materiel Division (AFMD) and Air Materiel Command (AMC) until Wright Field combined with Patterson Field to become Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in 1948. The Engineering Division was responsible for Army Air Services research and development and served as a clearinghouse for information on aviation development worldwide. Throughout its history the Engineering Division/Materiel Division maintained a catalogued library of documents, which was turned over to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson and was later donated to the National Air and Space Museum.

Provenance:

United States Air Force Museum, Transfer, 1962, NASM.XXXX.0428.

Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Rights:

Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests

Topic:

Military intelligence  Search this

Airplanes, Military -- Flight testing  Search this

Aeronautics, Military  Search this

Aeronautics  Search this

Aeronautics, Military -- Research  Search this

Genre/Form:

Correspondence

Publications

Reports

Photographs

Identifier:

NASM.XXXX.0428

See more items in:

Wright Field Technical Documents Library

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg2124245c3-eb7c-495a-a446-e87ba26d8251

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nasm-xxxx-0428

Names:

Andrade-Watkins, Claire  Search this

Bambara, Toni Cade  Search this

Dash, Julie  Search this

Gerima, Haile  Search this

Greaves, William, 1953-2005  Search this

Gunn, Bill, 1934-1989  Search this

Jafa, Arthur  Search this

Jones, Robert Earl, 1904-2006  Search this

Massiah, Louis  Search this

Micheaux, Oscar, 1884-1951  Search this

Moses, Ethel  Search this

Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976  Search this

Sanchez, Sonia, 1934- (poet, reader)  Search this

Snead, James A., 1953-1989  Search this

Spence, Louise, 1945-  Search this

Tucker, Lorenzo  Search this

Donor:

Bowser, Pearl, 1931-  Search this

Extent:

approximately 100 Motion picture films

213 Sound cassettes (7 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Motion picture films

Sound cassettes

Sound cassette

Oral histories (document genres)

16mm motion picture film

Vhs (videotape format)

Place:

England

Harlem (New York, N.Y.)

Roanoke (Va.)

Memphis (Tenn.)

Date:

bulk 1920-2001

Biographical / Historical:

Pearl Bowser is a filmmaker, producer, author, lecturer, and highly acclaimed scholar of African American film who is recognized as an authority on the works of Oscar Micheaux, a noted writer, director, and producer of race films from 1919 to 1948.

Born Pearl Johnson on June 25, 1931, in Sugar Hill, Harlem, New York, she was named after her mother (also Pearl Johnson), a domestic worker who had been raised in a Catholic nunnery. On occasional Saturdays, the younger Pearl would accompany her mother to work in apartments in lower Manhattan, where she would assist her by folding handkerchiefs for a small allowance. After moving to a lower part of Harlem when she was about four years old, she met Harlem entrepreneur "Bumpy" Johnson, for whom she and other children in the neighborhood did odd jobs such as counting coins or attending to his ice-cream stand. Johnson, who would sometimes give the children joy rides in his Cadillac, occasionally allowed Pearl and the other children to borrow books from his extensive library, provided that they read them and submitted to a quiz.

As a child, Bowser had several racist encounters. For example, one of her white kindergarten teachers at her elementary school wore gloves in the classroom as to not touch Black pupils. She was also occasionally teased for having a gap between her teeth but felt insulated from sustained bullying because she had several older brothers who sometimes protected her. On a separate occasion, when she was about nine years old, her mother sent her on a trip from New York to the South to visit relatives. Although her mother had purchased tickets for her to be in a Pullman car, when she changed trains in Washington, DC., she was forced to ride in the car behind the engine, which left her covered in soot.

An avid reader, Pearl excelled in elementary and high school and received a scholarship to attend Brooklyn College, where she majored in biology. She supplemented her income by recording the numbers in one of Bumpy Johnson's shops. Disappointed with the quality of the education she was receiving, Bowser withdrew from Brooklyn College, eventually landing a job at CBS where she worked on a team that analyzed Nielsen ratings.

In 1955, Pearl married fellow New Yorker LeRoy Bowser. By the mid-1960s, although Pearl and LeRoy Bowser had separate interests, they both were working simultaneously in the civil rights movement. While LeRoy was active in Brooklyn CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) and went to the South in the summer to teach for what was the beginning of HeadStart, Pearl, along with other production activists, took to the streets documenting African American culture and issues—working to bring these films to schools. Additionally, Bowser wanted to write a cookbook to earn funds for Brooklyn's CORE organization. She was approached by David Davis, the editor of Tuesday Magazine. Tuesday had distribution in the Herald Tribune across the country as a Sunday supplement. As the urban-world magazine exploded in Black communities, "Joan" Bowser's two-page pictorials on Southern cooking with a set of recipes became very popular in the five years she wrote them. Bowser retained copyrights to the articles, and easily completed her cookbook a short time later.

Bowser's colleague at ABC, Charles Hobson, found a used book written by Peter Noble about Black films and Oscar Micheaux. The volume was slim and contained what little information contained in the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) files. Hobson and his colleagues wanted to write a book about the topic, and they assigned Bowser to begin the research. As part of the project, Bowser went to California to interview actors who may have been in early Black films or may have worked with Micheaux. What she learned began her intensive scholarship into Micheaux and his fellow filmmakers.

In 1971, she organized her first film festival, the Black Film History Series. In 1979, she organized the nation's first American women's film festival in New York City. She also presented a major retrospective, Independent Black American Cinema 1920-1980, which toured the country during 1981 and 1982. She also directed the Journey Across Three Continents film and lecture series, which toured the country from 1983-1985. Bowser also served as president of the prestigious Flaherty Film Seminar in 1987. In 1989, she, alongside Grant Munro, programmed the 35th Flaherty Film Seminar, which featured films such as Finzan, Zajota and the Boogie Spirit, Daughters of the Dust, and many more. She has also been a judge at the world-renown Pan-African Film and Television Festival of Ouagadougou (FESCPACO) in Burkina Faso (formerly known as Upper Volta).

In the 1980s Bowser was awarded an independent artists grant by the Ford Foundation to travel west and collect oral histories from individuals in Oscar Micheaux's orbit, loosely following the route he would have travelled decades earlier. Stopping in cities such as Roanoke, Virginia; Memphis, Tennessee; and Jackson, Mississippi, she collected dozens of oral histories from actors, actresses etc. that knew Oscar Micheaux. Through this research she became an eminent figure in the Black independent film industry. Working as a programmer, she travelled around the United States and the world showing films by domestic and Black filmmakers within the Diaspora.

Despite her wealth of experience working as a programmer, it wasn't until the 1990s that Bowser made her directorial debut with the documentary film Midnight Ramble. Funded by American Experience, the film looks at African Americans and Hollywood movies from 1910 through the 1950s. In 2000, she, along with Louise Spence, co-authored Writing Himself into History: Oscar Micheaux, His Silent Films and His Audiences, a book about the pioneering filmmaker. Additionally, she is founder and director of Chamba Educational Film Services, a film distribution company that specialized in distributing films by African American filmmakers. In the early 1980s, she renamed her company/collection as African Diaspora Images, a collection of historical and contemporary films documenting Black film history. She subsequently joined Third World Newsreel, where she was director of their theater department.

In 2012, Pearl Bowser donated her extensive collection of books, sound cassettes, films, film memorabilia, and papers to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.

Sources:

1940 United States Federal Census; New York, New York, New York, population schedule, p. 61B, house number 1486, family 195, Pearl Bowser; Ancestry.com. 1940 United States Federal Census [database on-line]. Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012 accessed: 10 Sept 2022); citing National Archives and Records Administration microfilm: m-t0627-02665

Bowser, Pearl. Pearl Bowser Oral History. Interview by Tuliza Fleming and Jennifer Lyon, July 21, 2011.

Provenance:

Acquired as a donation from Pearl Bowser in 2012.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Access to collection materials requires an appointment.

Occupation:

Filmmakers  Search this

Actors -- Interviews  Search this

Topic:

Documentary films  Search this

Film festivals  Search this

African American actors  Search this

African American actresses  Search this

African diaspora  Search this

Race films  Search this

African American motion picture producers and directors  Search this

African American women authors  Search this

Meetings  Search this

Conferences  Search this

Lectures and lecturing  Search this

Amateur films  Search this

Motion picture soundtracks  Search this

Oral history  Search this

Radio broadcasts  Search this

Genre/Form:

Sound cassette

Oral histories (document genres)

16mm motion picture film

VHS (videotape format)

Citation:

Pearl Bowser Collection, National Museum of African American History and Culture

Identifier:

NMAAHC.A2012.79.AV

See more items in:

Pearl Bowser Audiovisual Collection

Archival Repository:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io3209e9c6d-3045-4a0a-941e-6519385b18d5

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmaahc-a2012-79-av

Collection Creator:

Brogi, Giacomo  Search this

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Memmert, Heinrich  Search this

Reichard & Lindner.  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 6

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

There may be usage or copyright restrictions on some material in this collection. Reproduction fees for commercial use.

Collection Citation:

Archives Center Portrait Collection, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Archives Center Portrait Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e2f63ce7-199b-4162-9e35-1b9b02029fdb

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0392-ref550

Collector:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Producer:

National Museum of American History (U.S.). Department of Public Programs  Search this

America's Jazz Heritage  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Traveling Exhibition Service  Search this

Funder:

Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation  Search this

Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund  Search this

National Endowment for the Arts  Search this

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution  Search this

Interviewee:

Adams, Joe, 1922-  Search this

Aguabella, Francisco, 1925-  Search this

Akiyoshi, Toshiko, 1929-  Search this

Alvarado, Alfredo  Search this

Anderson, Chris, 1926-  Search this

Armenteros, Chocolate, 1928-  Search this

Armstrong, Howard, 1909-2003  Search this

Ashby, Harold  Search this

Atkins, Clarence, 1921-  Search this

Avakian, George, 1919-  Search this

Baker, David, 1931-  Search this

Bank, Danny, 1922-  Search this

Barker, Danny, 1909-  Search this

Barker, Louise, 1913-  Search this

Barron, Kenny  Search this

Bass, Fontella  Search this

Bates, Peg Leg, 1907-  Search this

Bauza, Mario, 1911-  Search this

Belli, Remo  Search this

Bellson, Louis  Search this

Benson, George, 1943-  Search this

Berger, Ed  Search this

Bert, Eddie, 1922-  Search this

Betts, Keter, 1928-  Search this

Bey, Chief (James), 1913-  Search this

Bishop, Walter, 1927-  Search this

Brooks, Cecil  Search this

Brown, Oscar, Jr., 1926-  Search this

Brown, Velzoe, 1910-  Search this

Brubeck, Dave  Search this

Bryant, Ardie, 1929-  Search this

Bryant, Clora  Search this

Bryant, Ray, 1931-  Search this

Bufalino, Brenda, 1937-  Search this

Bunnett, Jane  Search this

Burns, Ralph, 1922-2001  Search this

Burrell, Kenny  Search this

Butts, Jimmy, 1917-  Search this

Byrd, Charlie, 1925-  Search this

Calloway, Cab, 1907-  Search this

Camero, Candido, 1921-  Search this

Carbonell, Luis  Search this

Carrington, Terri Lyne  Search this

Carter, Benny, 1907-2003  Search this

Carter, Ron, 1937-  Search this

Casey, Al, 1915-  Search this

Cheatham, Doc, 1905-1997  Search this

Cheatham, Jeannie, 1917-  Search this

Cheatham, Jimmy, 1924-  Search this

Claxton, William  Search this

Cobb, Jimmy, 1929-  Search this

Cohen, Martin, 1939-  Search this

Collins, John, 1913-  Search this

Columbus, Chris, 1902-  Search this

Conover, Willis, 1920-  Search this

Costello, Diosa  Search this

Cruz, Alfredo  Search this

Cruz, Celia, 1920-  Search this

Cugat, Xavier, 1900-  Search this

D'Rivera, Paquito, 1948-  Search this

De Franco, Buddy, 1923-  Search this

DeJohnette, Jack  Search this

Dejan, Harold, 1909-  Search this

Del Puerto, Carlos, 1951-  Search this

Di Novi, Gene, 1928-  Search this

Diaz Ayala, Cristobal  Search this

Donegan, Dorothy, 1922-  Search this

Driggs, Frank, 1930-  Search this

Dudley, Bessie, 1902-  Search this

Edison, Harry, 1915-  Search this

Egũes, Richard, 1923-2006  Search this

Farmer, Art, 1928-  Search this

Favors, Malachi  Search this

Fernandez, Rosita, 1918-2006  Search this

Fernandez, Ruth  Search this

Finegan, Bill, 1917-  Search this

Flynn, Frank (Marimba player)  Search this

Foster, Frank, 1928-  Search this

Fournier, Vernel, 1928-  Search this

Freeman, Von, 1922-  Search this

Fuller, Curtis, 1934-  Search this

Fuller, Gil, 1920-  Search this

Gensel, John  Search this

Gilbert, Peggy  Search this

Golson, Benny  Search this

Gonzalez, Celina  Search this

Goodson, Sadie, 1904-  Search this

Green, Urbie  Search this

Guerrero, Felix, 1916-2001  Search this

Guines, Tata  Search this

Hamilton, Chico, 1921-  Search this

Hampton, Slide  Search this

Harris, Joe  Search this

Harrison, Nelson  Search this

Haynes, Roy, 1926-  Search this

Heath, Jimmy, 1926-  Search this

Heath, Percy, 1923-2005  Search this

Hemphill, Julius, 1938-  Search this

Henderson, Bill, 1930-  Search this

Henderson, Luther  Search this

Hendricks, Jon, 1921-  Search this

Hentoff, Nat  Search this

Hill, Roger, 1928-  Search this

Hinton, Milt, 1910-2000  Search this

Holman, Bill, 1927-  Search this

Horn, Shirley, 1934-  Search this

Humphries, Roger  Search this

Hutcherson, Bobby  Search this

Jarvis, Jane, 1915-  Search this

Jimenez, Flaco  Search this

Johnson, J.J., 1924-  Search this

Jones, Elvin  Search this

Jones, Hank, 1918-2010  Search this

Jones, Jonah  Search this

Jones, Quincy, 1933-  Search this

Jordan, Kidd, 1935-  Search this

Jordan, Sheila, 1928-  Search this

Keepnews, Orrin, 1923-  Search this

Kimball, Narvin, 1909-  Search this

Klein, Manny, 1908-  Search this

Konitz, Lee  Search this

Lateef, Yusef, 1920-  Search this

Laws, Hubert  Search this

LeGon, Jeni, 1916-  Search this

LeRoy Neiman  Search this

Leonard, Herman, 1923-2010  Search this

Levy, John, 1912-2012  Search this

Lewis, Edna, 1907-  Search this

Lewis, Ramsey  Search this

Liebman, Dave  Search this

Lincoln, Abbey, 1930 -  Search this

Liston, Melba  Search this

Livelli, Vincent  Search this

Longoria, Valerio, 1924-2000  Search this

Lopez, Israel, 1918-  Search this

Lucie, Lawrence, 1907-  Search this

Lutcher, Nellie, 1912-  Search this

Lynton, Charles, 1904-  Search this

Mandel, Johnny  Search this

Manning, Frank, 1914-  Search this

Marsalis, Delfeayo  Search this

Marsalis, Ellis  Search this

Marsalis, Jason  Search this

McGettigan, Betty  Search this

McIntosh, Tom, 1927-  Search this

McKibbon, Al, 1919-  Search this

McKusick, Hal, 1924-  Search this

McPartland, Marian  Search this

Mendoza, Lydia  Search this

Miller, Eric  Search this

Miller, Norma, 1919-  Search this

Mondello, Toots, 1911-  Search this

Moody, James, 1925-  Search this

Morgenstern, Dan  Search this

Murray, Albert, 1916-  Search this

Myers, Amina  Search this

Nicholas, Fayard, 1918-  Search this

Nicholas, Harold, 1924-  Search this

Norvo, Red, 1908-1999  Search this

O'Brien, Peter F.  Search this

O'Farrill, Chico, 1921-2001  Search this

Owens, Jimmy, 1943-  Search this

Palmier, Remo, 1923-  Search this

Peraza, Armando, 1924-  Search this

Perez, Graciela  Search this

Peterson, Oscar, 1925-  Search this

Puente, Tito  Search this

Pullen, Don, 1941-  Search this

Rachell, Yank  Search this

Ray, Carline, 1925-  Search this

Reed, Leonard, 1907-  Search this

Richards, Red, 1912-  Search this

Rivers, Sam  Search this

Robinson, Charles  Search this

Robinson, Les, 1912-  Search this

Rogers, Shorty, 1924-  Search this

Rollins, Sonny  Search this

Ross, Annie, 1930-  Search this

Royal, Marshall, 1912-1995  Search this

Rugolo, Pete, 1915-  Search this

Russell, George, 1923-2009  Search this

Rutherford, Rudy  Search this

Sager, Jane, 1914-  Search this

Santamaria, Mongo, 1917-  Search this

Scott, Jimmy  Search this

Settle, Cucell, 1914-  Search this

Shaw, Artie, 1910-2004  Search this

Slyde, Jimmy, 1927-  Search this

Smith, Hale G.  Search this

Smith, Johnny  Search this

Stoll, Jerrold "Jerry" Keith , 1923-2004  Search this

Taylor, Arthur, 1929-  Search this

Taylor, Billy  Search this

Teagarden, Norma, 1911-  Search this

Terry, Clark  Search this

Thielemans, Toots  Search this

Tinney, Al, 1921-  Search this

Toro, Yomo  Search this

Tucker, Bobby, 1923-2008  Search this

Tyner, McCoy  Search this

Valdes, Bebo, 1918-  Search this

Valdez, Carlos, 1926-  Search this

Valdez, Chucho, 1941-  Search this

Valentin, Val, 1920-  Search this

Valeria, Chuy  Search this

Van Gelder, Rudy  Search this

Van Lake, Turk, 1918-  Search this

Viola, Al, 1919-  Search this

Walton, Cedar, 1934-  Search this

Wein, George  Search this

Wess, Frank, 1922-  Search this

Weston, Randy, 1926-  Search this

White, Andrew, 1942-  Search this

Wilder, Joe, 1922-  Search this

Willcox, Spiegle, 1902-  Search this

Williams, Claude, 1908-2004  Search this

Williams, John, 1905-  Search this

Wilson, Gerald, 1918-  Search this

Wilson, Nancy, 1937-  Search this

Wofford, Mike  Search this

Woods, Phil  Search this

Ybarra, Eva  Search this

Yoshida, George, 1922-  Search this

Young, Al (Saxophinist)  Search this

Young, Lee, 1917-  Search this

Young, Webster, 1932-  Search this

Interviewer:

Baker, Lida  Search this

Bluiett, Hamiett  Search this

Brower, William  Search this

Brown, Anthony  Search this

Burstein, Julie  Search this

Carner, Gary  Search this

Cole, Tom  Search this

Coleman, Steve  Search this

Corporan, Hector  Search this

Crease, Bob  Search this

Dantzler, Russ  Search this

Elie, Lolis  Search this

Fernandez, Raul  Search this

Fochios, Steve  Search this

Frank, Rusty  Search this

Geremia, Paul, 1944-  Search this

Haddix, Chuck  Search this

Harris, Barry  Search this

Holley, Eugene  Search this

Jackson, Reuben  Search this

Jenkins, Willard  Search this

Kimery, Kennith  Search this

Kirchner, Bill  Search this

Levin, Floyd, 1922-2007  Search this

Lopez, Rene  Search this

McDaniel, Ted  Search this

McDonough, John  Search this

Murphy, Molly  Search this

Newton, James  Search this

O'Meally, Bob  Search this

Ouelette, Dan  Search this

Pelote, Vincent  Search this

Placksin, Sally  Search this

Porter, Lewis  Search this

Pullman, Peter  Search this

Ritz, David  Search this

Rodrique, Jessie  Search this

Schoenberg, Loren  Search this

Schwartz, Scott  Search this

Smith, Ernie  Search this

Sneed, Ann  Search this

Stitt, Katea  Search this

Talbot, Bruce  Search this

Tucker, Sherrie  Search this

Watson, Matt  Search this

White, Michael  Search this

Whitfield, Weslia  Search this

Willard, Patricia  Search this

Williams, James  Search this

Wong, Herb  Search this

Yamazaki, Paul  Search this

Zimmerman, James  Search this

Extent:

39 Cubic feet (56 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Compact discs

Sound recordings

Oral history

Audiotapes

Interviews

Date:

1992-2014

Scope and Contents:

Audiotapes, CDs and digital files: an ongoing project to interview and preserve the memories of people important in the jazz world, including jazz musicians, singers, dancers, producers, arrangers, and others. A list of interviewees and interviewers follows.

The following is a list of the individuals who conducted the interviews.

1. Brown, Anthony

2. Baker, Lida

3. Burstein, Julie

Interviewer

2. Bluiett, Hamiet

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into six series.

Series 1, DAT and CD Original Interview Recordings, 1992-2012

Series 2, Cassette Reference and Master Interview Tapes, 1992-2012

Series 3, Audio CD Reference Copies, 2000-2012

Series 4, Video/CD, 1994-2012

Series 5, Transcripts and Abstracts, 1992-2014

Series 6, Supplemental Documentation, 1992-2012

Biographical / Historical:

The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program, a project of "America's Jazz Heritage, A Partnership of the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund and the Smithsonian Institution" initiative was created in 1992. More than 150 in-depth oral history interviews were conducted from 1992 through 2002. The collection was transferred to the Archives Center of the National Museum of American History in 2000. Now part of the National Museum of American History's American Music History Initiatives, the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program continues to conduct interviews as funding is available.

The Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program was established to document significant jazz musicians, performers, producers, and business associates in their own words and voices. Program staff contacted and worked with potential interviewees to arrange for interviews. Each interview was conducted by a jazz authority and was recorded on digital audiotape by a professional audio engineer. The interviews averaged 6 hours in length and covered a wide range of topics including early years, initial involvement in music, generally, and jazz specifically, as well as experiences in the jazz music world, including relationships to musicians. The original DAT interview tapes were then dubbed to audiocassettes and CD to create protection and access copies. More recent interviews have been recorded using fully digital technology and the interviews are preserved and made availbel as digital files.

A number of the interviews were conducted as part of the Ella Fitzgerald Oral History Project of the Jazz Oral History Program. Funded by the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation, these interviews focus on the life and work of Ella Fitzgerald. The National Endowments for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program continues to support new interviews with NEA Jazz Masters.

For more information about jazz concerts, education, collections, Jazz Appreciation Month, and the Jazz Master orchestra, visit Smithsonian Jazz.

Provenance:

The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Researchers must use reference copies.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions. Release forms exist for most interviews.

Topic:

Dancers  Search this

Music -- 20th century  Search this

Jazz  Search this

Musicians -- United States  Search this

Jazz musicians -- United States  Search this

Genre/Form:

Compact discs

Sound recordings

Oral history -- 1990-2000

Audiotapes -- 1990-2000

Interviews -- 2000-2010

Interviews -- 1990-2000

Citation:

[Interviewee name] Interview, Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection, 1992-2014, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Sponsor:

The interviews were made for the Smithsonian Institution under the auspices of the Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program and supported by America's Jazz Heritage, funded by the Lila Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund, the Smithsonian Institution, and the National Endowment for the Arts Jazz Masters Oral Histories Program. Additional interviews were conducted with support from the Ella Fitzgerald Charitable Foundation.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0808

See more items in:

Smithsonian Jazz Oral History Program Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89ce666f6-61ae-465c-b2e7-262c9c4d7bfe

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0808

Interviewee:

Murphy, W.B.  Search this

Norris, Alice  Search this

Norris, E. E.  Search this

Prior, Joseph  Search this

Meehan, Vincenta  Search this

Mercer, Richard  Search this

Meyers, Peter H.  Search this

Mulcahy, Paul  Search this

Welsh, Dick  Search this

White, Richard  Search this

Rindlaub, Jean  Search this

Rombach, Scott  Search this

Shaub, Harold  Search this

Weir, Chris  Search this

Coulson, Zoe  Search this

Gearon, Dan  Search this

Cronin, Betty  Search this

Conill, Alicia  Search this

Conlon, Robert  Search this

Conill, Rafael  Search this

Jordan, James  Search this

McNutt, James  Search this

McGovern, R. Gordon  Search this

Goerke, Donald E.  Search this

Holmes, Martha  Search this

Haber, Bernie  Search this

Jones, Caroline Robinson, 1942-2001 (advertising executive)  Search this

Adams, Anthony  Search this

Baum, Herbert M.  Search this

Bergin, John F.  Search this

Bair, Dean  Search this

Interviewer:

Griffith, Barbara S., Dr.  Search this

Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Campbell Soup Company  Search this

Names:

Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn, Inc  Search this

Connill Advertising  Search this

Extent:

12 Cubic feet (25 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Clippings

Audiotapes

Interviews

Commercials

Ephemera

Videotapes

Oral history

Tear sheets

Date:

1904-2015

bulk 1904-1989

Summary:

This collection is the result of a year-long study of Campbell's "Red and White" Soups advertising and marketing, supported in part by a grant from the Campbell Soup Company. Thirty-one oral history interviews were conducted by Dr. Barbara Griffith for the project, and a variety of related materials were gathered by the Center for Advertising History staff. The objective of the project was to create a collection that provides documentation, in print and media, of the history and development of advertising for Campbell's Red and White Soups in the decades following World War II.

Scope and Contents:

This collection is the result of a year-long study of Campbell's "Red and White" Soups advertising and marketing campaigns. Oral histories conducted by Smithsonian Institution staff with individuals involved with the Campbell's Soup Corporation and its advertising campaigns form the core of the collection. Also included are clippings and background research files, abstracts of the oral history interviews, television and radio commercials, company publications, and promotional items and packaging.

A 2015 addition to the collection was born digital and consists of materials from the groundbreaking "Real Life Campaign" which featured inter-racial couples as well as a gay couple. These materials include storyboards, scripts, consumer feedback both postive and negative, focus group material, labels, commercials, supporting documentation on the development and implementation of the campaign. These materials are available in the Smithsonian Institution DIgital Asset Management System (DAMS).

Arrangement:

Collection is organized into nine series.

Series 1, Research Files, 1939-1989

Series 2, Interviewee Files, 1989-1990

Series 3, Oral Histories, 1989-1990

Series 4, Television Commercials, 1957-1990

Series 5, Radio Commercials, 1966-1975

Series 6, Print Advertisements, 1905-1989

Series 7, Promotional Items and Packaging, 1968-1991

Series 8, Company Publications, 1983-1988

Series 9, Real Life Campaign, 2015

Biographical / Historical:

The Campbell Soup Company's "Red and White" advertising campaigns are remarkable not only for their longevity, but for the consistency of the advertising message. Since 1898, when the red and white label was incorporated, the packaging and the message have changed only marginally. When Andy Warhol painted his pop art Campbell Soup cans in the early 1960s, he presented an immediately recognizable image with which all of America could identify.

Campbell's condensed soups, first marketed in 1897, have become a staple of the 20th century American household. The Joseph Campbell Preserve Company, a canning concern which grew out of an 1869 business partnership between a fruit merchant and an ice box manufacturer, was well established by the time Arthur Dorrance succeeded Joseph Campbell as president. When Dorrance's nephew, John T. Dorrance, a chemical engineer and organic chemist trained at MIT, developed a process for making condensed soup, the company was faced with the task of successfully marketing the revolutionary new convenience food. The soup won a gold medallion for excellence at the 1900 Paris Exposition, and the company incorporated the image on its labels and in its advertising.

In the developing consumer culture which began to grow during and after the industrial revolution, women were identified as the primary consumers of household goods and services. Homemakers have been the target of Campbell' s Red & White advertising since its inception, and this focus is reflected both in the content and the placement of the advertising. The identification of a predominately female consumer market was also influential in the creation of a widely recognized and long-lived symbol, the Campbell Kids, created in 1904 by Grace Gebbie Drayton. The Kids were meant to convey a sense of wholesomeness and physical well-being associated with eating Campbell Soups.

The advertising of the early teens and twenties most often consisted of black and white or two-color depictions of the can and the product, often accompanied by images of the rosy-cheeked Kids. A large portion of the ad was devoted to narrative description of the soups' healthful properties, suggesting that"Campbell Soups Give Vigor and Strength", "I Couldn't Keep House Without Campbell's Tomato Soup", and "If Every Woman Realized How Much Her Husband Likes Soup - She Would Serve It Everyday".

The advertising of the 1930s tended towards idealized illustrations of women and children; the Kids were less visible during the 1930s and 1940s, deemed too "chucklesome" for the Depression years, and too old-fashioned during World War II. Ad copy continued its appeal to women's sense of responsibility for the well-being of husbands and children, with slogans suggesting "It Takes a Bright and Sparkling Flavor to Attract Children", "When a Man Says It's Good, It's Good", and "Wouldn 't I Be Silly to make It Myself?"

Campbell broadened the scope of its advertising by sponsoring radio programming, beginning in 1931 with the "Hollywood Hotel" program on CBS. Later radio sponsorships included the George Burns and Gracie Allen show, "Campbell Playhouse", "Amos and Andy", the "Jack Carson Show", "Hildegarde", and "Edward R. Murrow with the News", among others . The jingle "M'm M'm Good" was first aired during the radio broadcasts of this period, and was reinforced in the print advertising. Beginning in 1950, Campbell began to sponsor television shows, continuing its focus on women and children as primary purchasers and consumers of suop. Most notable among these sponsorships were "The Donna Reed Show" and "Lassie" . Print ads of the 1950s featuring Johnny Carson, Donna Reed, and the cast of the Lassie Show helped to reinforce the Company's sponsorship of these popular shows.

In 1954, Campbell moved its $10 million dollar condensed soup account from Ward Wheelock Company, the Philadelphia firm which had handled the account since 1910, to Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn (BBDO) of New York. By 1966, BBDO account executives urged "selective but not major" use of the Kids and the slogan "M'm M'm Good", choosing instead to employ advertising that stressed health claims and fitness issues rather than the wholesome, comforting associations of hot soup. The Kids became more athletic and less rotund.

Reflecting changes in American social and family structures Campbell' s advertising, began to depict the working wife and the busy schedules of a family "on the go". A 1960 ad declares "Good Things Begin to Happen When Working Girls Have Soup and Crackers" or "Somethings Happened to Supper". In light of the women 's movement, which was gaining momentum during this period, Campbell advertising remained decidedly traditional. In the 1970s, "Give Me the Campbell Life" recognized women 's expanded roles as working mothers, but "They Always Eat Better When You Remember the Soup" and "Get Your Campbells Worth" reveal a more conservative pitch to homemakers responsibilities. Other societal changes are suggested in the advertising, for instance, the "Soup is Good Food" and "Health Insurance" campaigns of the 1980s reflected a new emphasis on health and fitness.

In 1981 the company transferred the soup account to another New York firm, Backer Spielvogel and Bates . The 1980s saw a renewed emphasis on network primetime, strategic radio advertising (where ads for hot soup are tagged to reports of rain or snow, or are aired just before the noon lunch hour), and regional marketing of specialized products or packaging designed to appeal to local tastes and changing nutritional standards. These new products have engendered some changes in Campbell' s time-honored red and white label to emphasize the "new and improved" characteristics of the products

In 2015, Campbells developed the "Real Life" campaign. This campaign was groundbreaking in many ways. The commercials portrayed not only inter-racial couples but also a gay couple, two fathers and their son. This campaign had a product tie in with the 2015 release of the new installment in the motion picture franchise, Star Wars. The campaign received commentary from the public both pro and con. Campbells continued the campaign without revising or pulling any of its commercials. While running in selected markets, the campaign made nationwide headlines and pointed up the continuing change in the make-up of the American family.

Provenance:

Paul N. Mulcahy, V.P. Marketing Services, Campbell Soup Company,1990. Made for the National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution by the Center for Advertising History, 1989-1990.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Broadcast advertising  Search this

advertising -- Food  Search this

Soups -- advertising  Search this

Advertising agencies  Search this

Advertising departments  Search this

Advertising campaigns  Search this

Sex role in advertising  Search this

Radio advertising  Search this

Women in advertising  Search this

Television advertising  Search this

Art directors  Search this

Advertising executives  Search this

Genre/Form:

Clippings

Audiotapes -- 1980-1990

Interviews -- 1980-1990

Commercials

Ephemera -- 20th century

Videotapes

Oral history

Tear sheets

Citation:

Campbell Soup Advertising Oral History and Documentation Project, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0367

See more items in:

The Campbell Soup Advertising Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b769193b-0861-4b41-89d1-8b6c8328534b

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0367

Series Collector:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Series Donor:

Becker, John M.  Search this

Gay Officers Action League. GOAL  Search this

Heritage of Pride (HOP)  Search this

Rohrbaugh, Richard  Search this

Series Creator:

Hirsch, Leonard  Search this

Guest, Barbara  Search this

Barna, Joseph T.  Search this

Guest, Michael E.  Search this

Cruse, Howard, 1944-2019  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1975-2017, undated

Scope and Contents:

This material was donated by Adele (Del) Brown. This material is memorabilia, newsletters, and ephemera from Changing Herizons, Incorporated, a 501(c)3 that was known as Herizon, a membership only "women's social club" in Binghamton, New York, a, "lesiban community center, dance club, and safe lesbian and woman-centered social space" that was open from 1975-1991. Brown supplied this biographical note, "Producer of 1980's lesbian-feminist culture (including women's music concerts, Herizon homemovies, photography, and collage) and, in 1981, one of the first women to work on Capitol Hill as a broadcast news 'cameraman' (field producer/videographer.) She was also a radio producer, sound engineer, university instructor, media tech specialist, editor, queer media collector, writer, and advocate for social justice. As an active Herizon member (1982-1991) Del Brown worked to build, and document, this andmark 501c membership-only "women's social club." Herizon served as a lesbian community center, dance club, and safe lesbian and woman-centered social space, from 1975-1991 in Binghamton, NY." This series contains material from the 1987 and 1993 marches on Washington for Gay and Lesbian civil rights. This series also contains correspondence and photographs from Brown's friend Steven F. Sleap. Sleap was a puppeteer. This series is arranged chronologically with the Sleap material at the end.

Series Restrictions:

The collection is open for research use.

Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow.

Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1146, Series 23

See more items in:

Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep84fe9447f-d135-44fa-9f73-4d4a5ca676ee

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1146-ref1926

Creator:

Fleischman, Lawrence A. (Lawrence Arthur), 1925-1997  Search this

Names:

American Federation of Arts  Search this

Archives of American Art  Search this

Corcoran Gallery of Art  Search this

Detroit Institute of Arts  Search this

Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur Museum  Search this

Kennedy Galleries  Search this

Kraushaar Galleries  Search this

M. Knoedler & Co.  Search this

Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Midtown Galleries (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Milwaukee Art Center  Search this

Museum of Modern Art (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

National Gallery of Art (U.S.)  Search this

Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts  Search this

Philadelphia Museum of Art  Search this

United States Information Agency  Search this

University of Michigan. Museum of Art  Search this

Whitney Museum of American Art  Search this

Allston, Washington, 1779-1843  Search this

Arms, John Taylor, 1887-1953  Search this

Bailey, Grace  Search this

Bailey, Truman E., 1902?-1959  Search this

Bohrod, Aaron  Search this

Burchfield, Charles Ephraim, 1893-1967  Search this

Culver, Charles B. (Charles Beach), 1908-1967  Search this

Eakins, Thomas, 1844-1916  Search this

Evergood, Philip, 1901-1973  Search this

Fleischman, Barbara  Search this

Gentle, Esther, 1900-  Search this

Krentzin, Earl, 1929-  Search this

Marin, John, 1870-1953  Search this

Pollack, Peter, 1909-1978  Search this

Rattner, Abraham  Search this

Richardson, Constance, 1905-  Search this

Richardson, Edgar Preston, 1902-1985  Search this

Ryder, Albert Pinkham, 1847-1917  Search this

Sellers, Charles Coleman, 1903-  Search this

Watkins, Franklin Chenault, 1894-1972  Search this

Extent:

4.9 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Typescripts

Photographs

Date:

1837-1984

bulk 1935-1979

Summary:

The papers of art collectors, art patrons, and philanthropists Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman measure 4.9 linear feet and date from 1837 to 1984, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1935-1979. The papers are comprised mostly of correspondence with artists, museums, and arts organizations. Also found are scattered biographical materials, artists' autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans, exhibition files, notes and writings, printed material, and photographs.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of art collectors, art patrons, and philanthropists Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman measure 4.9 linear feet and date from 1837 to 1984, with the bulk of the materials dating from 1935-1979. The papers are comprised mostly of correspondence with artists, museums, and arts organizations. Also found are scattered biographical materials, artists' autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans, exhibition files, notes and writings, printed material, and photographs.

One folder of biographical material includes a biographical account and a certificate of appreciation from the Common Council for the City of Detroit.

The bulk of the collection is comprised of correspondence documenting the Fleischman's art related activities and interests primarily during the 1950s and 1960s. Individual correspondents include Aaron Bohrod, Charles E. Burchfield, Charles B. Culver, Philip Evergood, Earl Krentzin, John Marin, Jr., Abraham Rattner and Esther Gentle, Peter Pollack, Edgar P. and Constance Richardson, Charles Coleman Sellers, and Franklin Watkins. One letter from Charles E. Burchfield includes four etching plates used to create the color print of Hot September Wind.

Arts organizations and galleries represented in the correspondence include the American Federation of Arts, the Archives of American Art, the Arts Commission of the City of Detroit, the Corcoran Gallery of Art, the Detroit Institute of Art, Kennedy Galleries, M. Knoedler and Co., Inc., Kraushaar Galleries, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Midtown Galleries, the Museum of Modern Art, the National Gallery of Art, the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, the School of the Society of Arts and Crafts, the United States Information Agency, the Whitney Museum of American Art, and the Winterthur Museum.

Autograph letters purchased by the Fleischmans include letters written by artists Washington Allston (addressed to Thomas Sully), Albert Pinkham Ryder, and John Taylor Arms.

Exhibition files document the various exhibitions of art work from the Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman Collection at the University of Michigan Museum of Art; the Detroit Institute of Art; in Central and South America; in Greece, Israel and Russia; and at the Milwaukee Art Center. The files contain letters, notes, printed material, and photographs.

Three folders of notes and writings include "Introduction to Earl Krentzin Catalog" by Lawrence Fleischman and "Selection of Excerpts from the Soviet Press and Radio Attacking U. S. Culture" by unidentified authors.

Scattered printed material includes miscellaneous clippings and catalogs not connected with the Exhibition Files series. There is also a book John Marin: The Man and his Work by E. M. Benson that was autographed by Marin to the Fleischmans in 1953.

Photographs include portrait photographs of Lawrence Fleischman, photographs of Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman with colleagues, of art work from the Fleischman Collection, of Truman and Grace Bailey in their studio, and a copy photograph of Thomas Eakins as a boy.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged as 7 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1958 (Box 1; 1 folder)

Series 2: Correspondence, 1949-1984 (Boxes 1-4, 7; 3.8 linear feet)

Series 3: Autograph Letters, 1837-1942 (Box 4; 4 folders)

Series 4: Exhibition Files, 1953-1960 (Boxes 4-5, 7; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 5: Notes and Writings, 1957-1962 (Box 5; 3 folders)

Series 6: Printed Material, 1935-1969 (Box 5-6; 6 folders)

Series 7: Photographs, 1953-1965 (Box 6; 13 folders)

Biographical / Historical:

Lawrence Fleischman (1925-1997) of New York City was an American art collector, patron, philanthropist, and benefactor. He and his wife, Barbara Greenberg Fleischman, assembled an impressive collection of art and artifacts that they shared with the public as part of their philanthropic activities aimed at fostering a wider appreciation of the arts around the world.

Lawrence Fleischman was born on February 14, 1925 in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Stella and Arthur Fleischman, the owner of a large carpet business. He attended the Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois, and studied engineering at Purdue University. In 1942, he interrupted his studies to volunteer for service in the U.S. Army during World War II. While serving in France, he met a doctor who further fostered Fleischman's ever growing interest in American art. Following the war, he graduated with a degree in physics from the University of Detroit. Fleischman met Barbara Greenberg in Detroit and they were married in 1948.

Beginning in the late 1940s, Fleischman established a fledgling television station, developed holdings in real estate, and began purchasing art work. Initially the Fleischmans collected undervalued 20th century American art and were friends with several artists, including John Marin, Charles Burchfield, Stuart Davis, and Ben Shahn. They also expanded the scope of their collection to include 19th century American works.

During the 1950s, Lawrence Fleischman realized how there were few American art historians and college departments, as well as a lack of primary source material. Fleischman worked with Edgar P. Richardson, then director of the Detroit Institute of Art, to raise funds and they founded the Archives of American Art at the Detroit Institute of Art in 1954. The Archives of American Art was, and still is, dedicated to the collection, preservation, and study of primary source records that document the history of the visual arts in the United States. Lawrence A. Fleischman is a founding Trustee of the AAA and served as the Chairman of the Board from 1958 to 1966. His wife, Barbara joined the Board of Trustees in 1997 and served as Chair from 2003 to 2007. She is a Trustee Emerita.

Lawrence Fleischman's business and philanthropic interests included the Arthur Fleischman Carpet Company, the Lee Plaza Hotel-Motel in Detroit, Art Adventurers, the Art School of the Society of Arts and Crafts in Detroit, the Friends of the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York, the Cultural Committee of the United States Information Agency, and the Art Commission of Detroit, which governed the Detroit Institute of Art. He also served as an officer of the Board for many of the arts-related organizations.

In 1996, the Fleischmans moved their family from Detroit to New York City, where Lawrence Fleischman became a partner in the Kennedy Galleries.

The Fleischmans philanthropic activities include generous support of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the Detroit Institute of Art, the Cleveland Museum, the British Museum, the Vatican Museum, and lifelong support of the Archives of American Art.

Lawrence Fleischman died on January 31, 1997 in London, England. Barbara Fleischman lives in New York City and continues to be an active supporter of the visual arts.

Related Materials:

Among the Archives holdings are two oral history interviews with Lawrence A. Fleischman. The first was conducted by Paul Cummings in 1970 and the second conducted by Gail Stavitsky in 1994 . Both interviews have transcripts available.

Separated Materials:

The Archives of Art also holds microfilm of material lent for microfilming, the majority of which was later donated, except for five letters on reel D197. These include one postcard from Constance Richardson, 1956; one letter from Constance Richardson, 1957; one letter from Franklin Watkins, 1955; one letter from Lawrence Fleischman to Wilbur H. Hunter, 1960; and one letter from Richard D. Tucker, 1960. This material remains with lender and is not described in the collection container inventory.

Provenance:

The Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman papers were donated in several accretions by Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman from 1954 to 2007. Letters were also loaned for microfilming in 1965, but nearly all of them were subsequently donated.

Restrictions:

Use of original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Occupation:

Painters -- United States  Search this

Topic:

Painting, American  Search this

Art patrons Michigan Detroit  Search this

Artists' studios -- Photographs  Search this

Philanthropists  Search this

Art -- Collectors and collecting -- United States  Search this

Genre/Form:

Typescripts

Photographs

Citation:

Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman Papers, 1837-1984. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art.

Identifier:

AAA.fleilawr

See more items in:

Lawrence and Barbara Fleischman papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw92905ad60-9c85-493f-90b7-272f1486ef69

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-fleilawr

Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Former owner:

National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Physical Sciences  Search this

Names:

Burka, S. W.  Search this

Rowland, Henry Augustus  Search this

Extent:

0.1 Cubic feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Transparencies

Photographs

Place:

Moon

Date:

ca. 1910-1920.

Scope and Contents:

Collection designated for miscellaneous glass plates, unidentified and/or of unknown provenance. The plates included here are indexed, but additional items may be added to the collection. There are eight plates, both negatives and positives; subjects include a man with cog railway tracks(?), two images of an observatory and two of the moon, and four identical images (two negatives and two positives) of Henry A. Rowland with his ruling engine.

Arrangement:

Divided into two series.

Series 1: Silver Gelatin Plates (8 x 10)

Series 2: Silver Gelatin Plates (4 x 5)

Provenance:

Immediate source of acquisition unknown. Found in collections, November 12, 1986.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Cog railways  Search this

Ruling engines  Search this

Observatories  Search this

Genre/Form:

Transparencies

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Glass -- 1910-1920

Citation:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0246

See more items in:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep841daf1f1-d21a-4886-be74-20de3abdf648

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0246

Collection Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection / Series 1: Silver Gelatin Plates (8 x 10)

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89d14eb94-4266-449e-ad5d-bc3402103627

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0246-ref17

Collection Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection / Series 1: Silver Gelatin Plates (8 x 10)

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81c00f0b2-a312-4fb6-8453-4c5c03b05220

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0246-ref18

Collection Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection / Series 1: Silver Gelatin Plates (8 x 10)

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8095a65dc-293b-4659-a6b5-961c979e2257

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0246-ref19

Collection Creator:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Container:

Box 1, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection, National Museum of American History.

See more items in:

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection

Archives Center Glass Plate Collection / Series 1: Silver Gelatin Plates (8 x 10)

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b3f9db55-dd87-4574-8a74-720aa853406a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0246-ref20

Materials:

Canvas and hemp rope

Dimensions:

3-D (Flat): 102.2 × 48.3 × 3.8cm (40 1/4 × 19 × 1 1/2 in.)

3-D: 96.5 x 45.7cm, 0.9kg (38 x 18 in., 2lb.)

Type:

EQUIPMENT-Mission Support

Date:

1931-1933

Credit Line:

Transferred from the USAF Museum

Inventory Number:

A20030068012

Restrictions & Rights:

Usage conditions apply

See more items in:

National Air and Space Museum Collection

Location:

Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center in Chantilly, VA

Hangar:

Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar

Data Source:

National Air and Space Museum

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nv9dfcd7b0c-2db0-48b0-9544-c985687a09e9

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nasm_A20030068012

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-02-18T19:44:00.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_-Y55gSYyam8

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2019-10-24T15:30:00.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_06thpoe3Xfo

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2020-02-28T16:30:00.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_1qVCxXjDbEc