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Former owner:

Hite, Isaac, Jr  Search this

Hunnewell, F. W. (Francis Welles)  Search this

Brumback family  Search this

Restoration landscape architect:

Favretti, Rudy J.  Search this

Owner:

National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States  Search this

Creator:

Garden Club of Virginia  Search this

Collection Creator:

Garden Club of America  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Belle Grove (Middletown, Virginia)

United States of America -- Virginia -- Frederick County -- Middletown

Scope and Contents:

The folder includes worksheets and photocopies of articles about the property.

General:

Major Isaac Hite Jr., who fought with the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War, and his first wife Eleanor (Nelly) Conway Madison, a sister of President James Madison, built the Federal style house beginning in 1794, using limestone quarried on the 483 acre property. The landscape plan included groves of trees for shade and was influenced by the less formal 18th century English gardens that complement rather than contrast with the natural setting. The fields would have been planted in grain for livestock, including cattle and Merino sheep. During Hite's lifetime the property was expanded to 7,500 acres and included a distillery and several mills. The house has a south façade of dressed limestone, and is in the pavilion style favored by Thomas Jefferson. There are several outbuildings. The only records of the garden show light foundation plantings around the house and a latticework fence.

During the Civil War, Belle Grove Plantation was the setting of the Battle of Cedar Creek on October 19, 1864, in which Union General Philip Sheridan defeated Confederate General Jubal Early.

The Brumback family owned the property from 1907 to 1929. Francis Welles Hunnewell purchased the property in 1929 and bequeathed it to the National Trust for Historic Preservation in 1964.

In 1983, the Garden Club of Virginia voted to restore the gardens at Belle Grove Plantation, using funds raised in their annual garden walks. The gardens were restored to the style of circa 1820. University of Connecticut Professor Emeritus Rudy J. Favretti (Fellow in the American Society of Landscape Architects) designed the restoration. Restoration included pruning the trees to restore light to the house and open the view of the Blue Ridge and Allegheny Mountains and replacing the large foundation plantings including diseased boxwoods with low-growing plants. In addition, an overgrown herb garden was converted to a demonstration garden comprised of plants used in cooking, medicine and commerce in the 19th century, with restored latticework fencing on three sides and post and rail fencing on the fourth side.

Belle Grove Plantation, now 283 acres, is operated by the National Trust for Historic Preservation and open to the public. Sites on the grounds include the ice house, old hall, dairy, smokehouse, blacksmiths shop, demonstration garden, slave cemetery, and agricultural fields. There is also a library of local, architectural, crafts and agricultural history, and an artifacts collection.

Persons associated with the property include Major Isaac Hite (former owner, 1794-1836) and descendents of the Hite family, the Brumback family (former owner, 1907-1929), Francis Welles Hunnewell (former owner, 1929), Rudy J. Favretti (1983, restoration landscape architect) and the National Trust for Historic Preservation (owner, 1964-present)

Related Materials:

Belle Grove Plantation related holdings consist of 2 folders (1 3 x 4 in. lantern slide and 3 35mm slides)

See also the National Trust for Historic Preservation.

See others in:

Hollerith Collection, ca. 1970?

Collection Restrictions:

Access to original archival materials by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:

Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Topic:

Gardens -- Virginia -- Middletown  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Sponsor:

A project to describe images in this finding aid received Federal support from the Smithsonian Collections Care Initiative, administered by the National Collections Program.

Identifier:

AAG.GCA, File VA094

See more items in:

The Garden Club of America collection

The Garden Club of America collection / Series 1: United States Garden Images / Virginia

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Gardens

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/kb6a1c3d45f-f402-49e6-afa3-7d7766b16b38

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref18856

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-02-25T15:40:54.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_MqwMxk1Hj54

Creator:

Colonna, Farrell: Design.  Search this

Fleckner, John A., 1941-  Search this

Farrell, John, 1944-  Search this

Crew, Spencer R., 1949-  Search this

Colonna, Ralph, 1937-  Search this

Extent:

2.1 Cubic feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Packaging

Oral history

Labels

Design drawings

Audiocassettes

Date:

1975-1997

Summary:

Original artwork and final prints of wine labels, files on work for other clients, plus audio tapes of an interview of Farrell.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of eight series, the largest, Series I, being the wine labels. This series is arranged alphabetically by the name of the producer and each winery is in a separate folder. At times the name of the wine is different than the name of the producer and sometimes the winery produces wines under more than one name. If there is more than one name or if the name of the wine is different than the name of the producer, these other names are listed in parentheses following the name of the winery. Often the name of the winery changes, usually in minor way such as changing the designation from cellars or winery to vineyards or some combination of these terms. To the extent possible, the latest name is used. All wines produced by each winery are in the same folder. The labels consist of various preliminary drawings, more refined drawings and presentations, mounted presentations and printed labels and loose printed labels. Some or all of these types may be available for each winery. In some cases there is no indication whether or not Colonna, Farrell received the commission to create the final designs, as the only way we have of knowing that is if the final printed label is in the collection.

Series II consists of designs for various presentations to The Monterey Vineyard. The first folder contains drawings and some design mockups. The remaining four folders of the series each contains a special presentation of mounted designs. Series III is a set of handmade containers containing designs created by the firm. These special cases were carried by John Farrell and Ralph Colonna when they visited wineries to make a presentation in an attempt to obtain new business.

Series IV consists of one folder containing ideas for labels that cannot be attributed to any particular winery and older labels that were collected for inspiration. Series V is a folder containing work for clients not in the wine business. Series VI contains company information such as letterhead, a brochure and an article. Series VII is miscellaneous material and Series VIII is an interview of John Farrell conducted by John Fleckner and Spencer Crew of the National Museum of American History on April 17, 1997. There are two sets of tapes, an original and a duplicate, and only the duplicate is to be used by researchers.

Arrangement:

The collection is divided into eight series.

Biography:

John Farrell was born on Long Island, New York in 1944 and grew up in Minneapolis/St. Paul where his family had moved in early 1945. He had an early interest in art and design and started doing commercial design work while still in high school and continued to support himself as a designer in college. He attended the University of Minnesota. from 1962 through 1964 when he transferred to California State University-Hayward, from which he graduated after majoring in Art/Design. After college he moved to Denver to take a design position and then, in 1971, started a business there. In 1972 he did graduate work in design at Denver University, but did not receive a degree. Mr. Farrell wanted to return to California and in 1974 he followed his dream, settling in the Napa Valley.

Mr. Farrell started working out of his home, visiting local printers to find out who was working with them. When the printers told him "the wineries" he started talking to wine people. He said that he found a real need in Napa to put together packaging and help what were then local farming people with small businesses. Because of his skills, he was able to offer his clients a complete package, from the start of the design process to the finish.

Ralph Colonna was also born on the East Coast, in Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania in 1937. His family moved to California in 1944 when his father was transferred there and he grew up in the Upland, Ontario area of the Los Angeles Basin. He majored in advertising and graphic design at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California in 1957-58, but did not graduate. From 1958 to 1961 Mr. Colonna worked for a number of design firms, until he started his own firm in Westwood in 1961. The firm moved a number of times as it grew to its maximum size of forty people. He sold the studio in 1971 and moved to the Napa Valley where he opened a gourmet cookware store, which still exists, at "Vintage 1870", an old warehouse and winery, in Yountville. While he had the store, Mr. Colonna did some graphics work for other stores in the area. The store was sold in 1978 so he could concentrate on the design business that he had started with Mr. Farrell.

John Farrell and Ralph Colonna met in 1974 and John Farrell showed his work to Ralph Colonna, who liked the work. In 1975 Mr. Colonna said he had been asked to make a presentation for a package design system to Domaine Chandon, which was just being built. Mr. Colonna and Mr. Farrell collaborated on the presentation, but did not get the job. However they enjoyed working together and decided to work together on some other projects though they kept their businesses independent.

History:

Messrs. Farrell and Colonna started to share work space and costs in 1975 and in 1976 decided to go into business in St. Helena together. In those early days, it was easy to set up a design shop and Mr. Farrell likes to say that it could be done for less than $100, as all that was needed was a T square and a drawing board.

Jeffery Caldewey had an office in the same building and was also doing early label design. In 1976 they all decided to join forces to avoid useless competition. Initially the company was a partnership called Colonna, Caldewey, Farrell: Designers. When Mr. Caldewey left the company in 1982 and went out on his own, the name of the business was changed to Colonna, Farrell: Design, the name under which it operated until October, 1999 when the name was changed to CF.NAPA. The business was incorporated in California in 1981 under the name of Design Research Institute Inc. As the company grew, it moved several times in St.Helena and in October, 1999 it moved to Napa after merging with LA6A, which also has offices in Cincinnati, Chicago and New York.

Once Messrs. Colonna and Farrell established themselves as credible package designers, many area wineries wanted to get to know them and their company. The company put together presentations and the principals went to various wineries to promote themselves. In effect they were salesmen as well as designers, but it enabled them to build relationships with various well known wineries such as Beringer, Mondavi, and Sutter Home, even though they might not be the sole supplier of design.

The wine business, however, began to change. New owners came in, many of whom had not been in the wine business before but had been doctors, brokers, etc. They were often looking for a life style change more than they were trying to make a lot of money. The idea was to live in a beautiful place and have a small business. Colonna, Farrell worked with these new people and they became a large part of the company's business.

The early Colonna Farrell designs parroted what was being done in French labeling at the time. This was a traditional look and helped establish credibility. But this changed for a number of reasons: the wineries wanted to look different from each other and Colonna, Farrell: Design didn't want to be identified with any particular "look". This led the company to establish relationships with various designers, illustrators, photographers and artists in general, in order to make its product designs more unique, a practice that continues to this day, though most of the design work is created by employees of the company.

After a while, many of the larger wineries began to be acquired by companies that were not from the Napa Valley. Often these were large conglomerates or distilleries such as Hiram Walker and Seagrams and the wineries were only a small portion of their business. This changed the complexion of many established wineries.

It also changed the way Colonna, Farrell did business, as the headquarters of the parent companies often were not in the Napa Valley. Messrs. Farrell and Colonna felt they had to pursue business where the headquarters were. This meant traveling to meet the decision makers and impress them with the company's range of services. It also led to new types of work for the company, though the focus was still in beverages. Most importantly, it meant that the principals did less and less design work and more and more sales and marketing and administration. But it also led to creating a business that was not totally dependent on the principals.

At the same time the nature of design work was changing. When the company was started, most of the work was done by hand, but today computers play a much larger role in the design process. A similar pivotal change was occurring in the printing industry as new technology allowed labels to change from simple rectangular shapes to die cuts, embossing, foil stamps, and other fanciful and complex techniques.

The company is now also involved in packaging design so that every facet of the identity of the winery is controlled. This includes, in addition to the labels, packaging, bottle shape, shipper cartons, gift packs, and promotional materials. The company also has the capability of dealing with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms and comparable regulators overseas. The business is still evolving and is now going beyond design into marketing and Colonna, Farrell, as a leader in the industry, is also evolving.

Related Materials:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, ca. 1724-1977 (Subject Category: Wine)

Provenance:

This collection was donated to the National Museum of American History, Archives Center on November 17, 1997 by John Farrell and Ralph Colonna, the principals of CF.NAPA, previously know as Colonna, Farrell: Design.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Wine labels  Search this

Wine and wine making  Search this

Genre/Form:

Packaging

Oral history

Labels

Design drawings

Audiocassettes

Citation:

Colonna, Farrell Wine Label Collection, 1975-1997, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0626

See more items in:

Colonna, Farrell Wine Label Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8c66cce96-012e-4789-9b22-3467d3614239

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0626

Creator:

Smithsonian Channel  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2013-07-29T16:02:37.000Z

YouTube Category:

Entertainment  Search this

See more by:

smithsonianchannel

Data Source:

Smithsonian Channel

YouTube Channel:

smithsonianchannel

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_btsMYVl10jg

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Container:

Box 10, Folder 6

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1940

Series Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Sports, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Sports

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Sports / 4: Schedules, Score Cards, Calendars, Almanacs and Programs,

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b920e31b-76ce-4433-a05b-557b58f01dfd

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-sports-ref739

Creator:

Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958  Search this

Sylestine, Harden  Search this

Extent:

5,400 Items (cards )

4 Boxes

Culture:

Alibamu  Search this

Coushatta (Koasati)  Search this

Alabama Indians  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Dictionaries

Date:

1906-1913

Scope and Contents:

Alabama-English, 2433 typed cards in 2 boxes; English-Alabama, approximately 3000 typed and autograph A. cards in 2 boxes. Includes terms written in pencil and marked "(K)," which may be terms in Koasati. Informants are Harden Sylestine and others.

Swanton's arrangement of the Alabama-English section is generally alphabetical, with many terms grouped together by stesm. The cards have been stamped with consecutive numbers 1-2433, and Swanton's order has been preserved. Cards that had been clipped together now have a second number, beginning with 1 for the first in a clipped group (e.g., if cards 25-27 were found clipped together, they would now be numbered 25-1, 26-2, 27-3).

The Alabama-English section (with sequentially numbered cards) contains utterances identifiable by a following number in parentheses. If the number does not begin with zero, apparently if refers to Swanton's page numbers in his rough field notes (M 4151 "second set"). Numbers beginning with zero seem to refer to the"first set," MS 4151-- Karen Lupardus, August 18, 1978.

Biographical / Historical:

The note by Swanton preceding Alabama-English section reads? "The material marked (H) was furnished by an Alabama Indian, Harden Sylestine, who translated in his own way. His translation is usually preserved lest a mistake be made in altering; the material is to be corrected later. This includes all of my Alabama material except 12 pages of text by native informants and a vocabulary which for the most part duplicates what has been given."

Local Numbers:

NAA MS 2435

Place:

Texas Polk County

Other Archival Materials:

Related Collection: Manuscript 4151

Related Collection: Manuscript 7360

Related Collection: Manuscript 7361

Topic:

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Indians of North America -- Southern states  Search this

Genre/Form:

Dictionaries

Citation:

Manuscript 2435, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.MS2435

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a7cf5734-ebaa-4e0c-82f2-e8a0b15d0fe6

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-ms2435

Collection Creator:

Freer, Charles Lang, 1856-1919  Search this

Container:

Box 40, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository.

Collection Citation:

Charles Lang Freer Papers. FSA A.01. National Museum of Asian Art Archives. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Gift of the estate of Charles Lang Freer.

See more items in:

Charles Lang Freer Papers

Charles Lang Freer Papers / Series 2: Correspondence / 2.2: Charles Lang Freer Letterpress Books, 1892-1910

Archival Repository:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/dc37b952b61-31b5-4100-bedf-0cc0c07dc9de

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-fsa-a-01-ref646

Published by:

MelPat Associates, American, 1965 - 1986  Search this

Created by:

C. Melvin Patrick, American, died 1985  Search this

Subject of:

Charles Richard Drew, American, 1904 - 1950  Search this

President Lyndon Baines Johnson, American, 1908 - 1973  Search this

Roy Wilkins, American, 1901 - 1981  Search this

National Pan-Hellenic Council, American, founded 1930  Search this

Hubert Horatio Humphrey Jr., American, 1911 - 1978  Search this

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., American, 1929 - 1968  Search this

Dr. Benjamin Elijah Mays, American, 1894 - 1984  Search this

Ebenezer Baptist Church, American, founded 1886  Search this

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, American, founded 1957  Search this

Sen. Edward Brooke, American, born 1919  Search this

Joseph Davies Tydings, American, 1928 - 2018  Search this

Lawrence Warren Pierce, American, born 1924  Search this

Bertram L. Baker, American, 1898 - 1985  Search this

Wayne L. Morse, American, 1900 - 1974  Search this

Harry Belafonte Jr., American, 1927 - 2023  Search this

Coretta Scott King, American, 1927 - 2006  Search this

Rev. Ralph David Abernathy, American, 1926 - 1990  Search this

Gordon Parks, American, 1912 - 2006  Search this

Morehouse College, American, founded 1867  Search this

Percy Ellis Sutton, American, 1920 - 2009  Search this

Bayard Rustin, American, 1912 - 1987  Search this

Eugene Nickerson, American, 1918 - 2002  Search this

Leonard Farbstein, American, 1902 - 1993  Search this

Senator Robert F. Kennedy, American, 1925 - 1968  Search this

The Girl Friends, Inc., American, founded 1927  Search this

Floyd McKissick, American, 1922 - 1991  Search this

Interracial Council for Business Opportunity, American, founded 1963  Search this

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, American, founded 1909  Search this

National Urban League, American, founded 1910  Search this

Harold Robert Perry, American, 1916 - 1991  Search this

Zeta Phi Beta Sorority, American, founded 1920  Search this

National Newspaper Publishers Association, American, founded 1827  Search this

Omega Psi Phi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

International Free and Accepted Modern Masons, Inc. and Order of the Eastern Star, American, founded 1950  Search this

Improved Benevolent and Protective Order of the Elks of the World, American, founded 1898  Search this

New York Jets, American, founded 1960  Search this

Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry  Search this

National Association of Negro Musicians, Inc., founded 1919  Search this

National Medical Association, American, founded 1895  Search this

National Dental Association, American, founded 1913  Search this

Joan Murray  Search this

Philippa Schuyler, American, 1931 - 1967  Search this

Berry Gordy Jr., American, born 1929  Search this

Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1906  Search this

Shriners International, American, founded 1870  Search this

Sen. Edward Brooke, American, born 1919  Search this

Sidney Poitier, Bahamian American, 1927 - 2022  Search this

Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc., American, founded 1911  Search this

Inez Yeargan Kaiser, American, 1918 - 2016  Search this

Pearl Bailey, American, 1918 - 1990  Search this

Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Incorporated, founded 1908  Search this

National Council of Negro Women, founded 1935  Search this

Lambda Kappa Mu Sorority, Inc., American, founded 1937  Search this

National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs, Inc., American, founded 1935  Search this

National Funeral Directors and Morticians Association, Inc., American, founded 1924  Search this

Robert J. Mangum, American, 1920 - 2014  Search this

369th Veterans Association, American  Search this

National Association of Market Developers, American, founded 1953  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper

Dimensions:

H x W x D: 12 × 8 7/8 × 3/16 in. (30.5 × 22.5 × 0.5 cm)

Type:

magazines (periodicals)

Place made:

Harlem, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Date:

1968

Topic:

African American  Search this

Advertising  Search this

Associations and institutions  Search this

Baptist  Search this

Black Press  Search this

Business  Search this

Communities  Search this

Football  Search this

Fraternal organizations  Search this

Fraternities  Search this

Funeral customs and rites  Search this

Government  Search this

HBCUs (Historically Black Colleges and Universities)  Search this

Journalism  Search this

Labor  Search this

Mass media  Search this

Men  Search this

Political organizations  Search this

Politics  Search this

Professional organizations  Search this

Religion  Search this

Sororities  Search this

Sports  Search this

U.S. History, 1961-1969  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Women  Search this

Women's organizations  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Anne B. Patrick and the family of Hilda E. Stokely

Object number:

2012.167.3

Restrictions & Rights:

Public domain

Proper usage is the responsibility of the user.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Documents and Published Materials-Published Works

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd5f7b7586d-84ee-4f44-b24e-aa264dcdee1f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.167.3

Creator:

National Museum of American History  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-12-19T19:49:02.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

American History  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianAmHistory

Data Source:

National Museum of American History

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianAmHistory

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_6fLv3OuSVdQ

Collection Creator:

Sklarek, Norma Merrick, 1926-2012  Search this

Container:

Box 5

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1984

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research. Access to collection materials requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

The NMAAHC Archives can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions apply and limit reproduction for other purposes.

Collection Citation:

Norma Merrick Sklarek Archival Collection, 1944-2008. National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Norma Merrick Sklarek Archival Collection

Norma Merrick Sklarek Archival Collection / Series 7: Published Materials, 1965-2004 (Bulk: 1980-1993) / 7.1: Books and Periodicals, 1965, 1983-1984

Archival Repository:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io3d09f616e-cf64-47f3-a255-ac40dee0a367

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmaahc-a2018-23-ref92

Creator:

Dibner Library  Search this

Kulp, Roy C.  Search this

Former owner:

National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Cultural History  Search this

Extent:

3.66 Cubic feet (11 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Account books

Business records

Place:

Pennsylvania -- 18th century

Pennsylvania -- 19th century

Date:

1755-1904

Scope and Contents:

Thirty-nine account books of farmers, store owners, and artisans living in Pennsylvania, 1755-1904. The books mainly record daily transactions with customers or suppliers and are handwritten in varying conditions of legibility and preservation.

Arrangement:

Divided into nine series, each related to a Pennsylvania county.

Series 1: Berks County

Series 2: Bucks County

Series 3: Chester County

Series 4: Chichester County

Series 5: Clinton County

Series 6: Lancaster County

Series 7: Lehigh County

Series 8: Montgomery County

Series 9: Northhampton County

Provenance:

Collection donated by Roy C. Kulp.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Occupation:

Blacksmiths  Search this

Weavers  Search this

Topic:

Artisans  Search this

Business  Search this

Carpet makers  Search this

Wagoners  Search this

Carpenters  Search this

Coopers  Search this

Commerce  Search this

Farmers  Search this

Distilleries  Search this

Forge shops  Search this

Tanners  Search this

Storekeepers  Search this

Tavern keepers  Search this

Merchants  Search this

Lime kiln  Search this

Millers  Search this

Retail trade  Search this

Shoemakers  Search this

Sawmills  Search this

Genre/Form:

Account books -- 19th century

Account books -- 18th century

Business records

Citation:

Roy C. Kulp Collection of Account Books, 1755-1904, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0149

See more items in:

Roy C. Kulp Collection of Account Books

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep88332f5a3-7b1e-46b3-9edf-d5bdf7db9fd8

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0149

Collection Creator:

Dibner Library  Search this

Kulp, Roy C.  Search this

Container:

Box 6, Folder 1

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Roy C. Kulp Collection of Account Books, 1755-1904, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

See more items in:

Roy C. Kulp Collection of Account Books

Roy C. Kulp Collection of Account Books / Series 6: Lancaster County

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85a02be9c-8484-4c1b-aa77-1d65a36bb1dc

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0149-ref57

Creator:

Metzig, William, 1893-1989  Search this

Names:

Cooper-Hewitt Design Archive  Search this

Dutton  Search this

Fawcett  Search this

Fieldcrest Mills Inc.  Search this

Heubelin, Inc.  Search this

Pelikan Ink Company  Search this

Popov Distilling Company  Search this

Metzig, William, 1893-1989  Search this

Donor:

Murgio, Matthew, Mrs.  Search this

Extent:

16 Cubic feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Clippings

Book jackets

Photographs

Slides

Drawings

Transparencies

Brochures

Advertisements

Date:

circa 1925-1979

Scope and Contents:

The materials in this collection span the years from the late 1920s to the 1970s and document Metzig's work in Germany and the United States. Little background and biographical information is available.

Project files : More than 500 examples of the designer's work, including letterheads, logos, trademarks, brochures, book jackets, magazine covers and layouts, certificates, awards, and product labels.

Printed Materials : Includes articles written by Metzig and a copy of his publication, "Art Lettering and Design," which was done for the International Correspondence Schools of Pennsylvania in 1957. This collection does not include any business records or correspondence.

Other Visual Materials : Photographs, slides, and transparencies of many of Metzig's designs.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged into three record groups: 1) printed materials; 2) project files; and 3) other visual materials. Project files are arranged in alphabetical order by name of client. Extensive files for projects done for distilleries and publishing companies are alphabetized separately.

Biographical / Historical:

Graphic designer and artist. Born Hanover, Germany, 1893. Metzig apprenticed with a lithographer prior to establishing his own studio in the 1920s. He designed trademarks, logos, letterheads, brochures, and posters for clients. He is best known for his work for Pelikan Ink Company.

He also designed book covers, magazine covers, and page layouts. In the 1930s, Metzig became known as a leading calligrapher and advertising artist in Germany. He immigrated to the United States in 1939 and settled in New York where he taught calligraphy and did freelance graphic design until his death in 1989.

Provenance:

The collection was donated by Mr. Metzig's daughter, Mrs. Matthew Murgio, and a former student and friend of Metzig's, Lili Wronker, 1990.

Restrictions:

Permission of staff required to photograph materials.

Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Occupation:

Illustrators  Search this

Topic:

Magazine covers -- Design  Search this

Posters -- Design  Search this

Greeting cards -- Design  Search this

Works of art  Search this

Graphic arts -- United States  Search this

Calligraphy  Search this

Graphic arts -- Germany  Search this

Graphic designers  Search this

advertising  Search this

Letterheads -- Design  Search this

Packaging -- Design  Search this

Labels -- Design  Search this

Logos (Symbols) -- Design  Search this

Graphic artists  Search this

Trademarks -- Design  Search this

Corporate image -- Design  Search this

Pamphlets -- Design  Search this

Book jackets -- Design -- United States  Search this

Genre/Form:

Clippings

Book jackets

Photographs -- 20th century

Slides

Drawings

Transparencies

Brochures

Advertisements

Citation:

William Metzig Papers, ca. 1925-1979, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1269

See more items in:

William Metzig Papers

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8ce369c1c-f477-43e0-9f8a-da8e4e9a1b5a

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1269

Variant company name:

Est. 1824  Search this

Company Name:

Reed & Barton  Search this

Related companies:

Taunton Britannia Mfg.  Search this

Notes content:

One item OVERSIZE ; goldsmiths, silversmiths and bronze founders ; unique covers ; 1908 ; silverplate ; pewter ware ; communion ware ; chests and cases ; lavatory sets ; trophies ; hotel silver ; church goods ; silver plated bread baskets, bowls and compotiers ; tea ware ; serving trays ; after dinner coffee sets ; water pitchers ; sandwich plates ; silver plated flatware ; unique photos of period style flatware, bowls ; see also: "Standard of Living," by Marina Moskowitz (2004); this book has an entire chapter on silverplate flatware and deals extensively with Reed & Barton

Includes:

Trade catalog and price lists

Black and white images

Physical description:

17 pieces; 2 boxes

Language:

English

Type of material:

Trade catalogs

Trade literature

Place:

Taunton, Massachusetts, United States

Date:

1900s

Topic (Romaine term):

Brass; bronze and specialty metals  Search this

Cutlery  Search this

Foods and beverage products and processing equipment (including brewing; distilleries; beer; wine; etc.)  Search this

Hotel; bar and restaurant supplies  Search this

Metalwork products (architectural and ornamental)  Search this

Religious paraphernalia  Search this

Silverware  Search this

Topic:

"Hotels -- Furniture, equipment, etc."  Search this

Architectural metal-work  Search this

Art metal-work  Search this

Bars (Drinking establishments)  Search this

Beverage industry  Search this

Brass  Search this

Bronze  Search this

Cutlery  Search this

Distilleries  Search this

Food industry and trade  Search this

Metal-work  Search this

Metals  Search this

Religious articles  Search this

Religious medals  Search this

Religious supplies industry  Search this

Restaurants  Search this

Silverware  Search this

Silverwork  Search this

Record ID:

SILNMAHTL_9777

Location:

Trade Literature at the American History Museum Library

Collection:

Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collections

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:SILNMAHTL_9777

Company Name:

H. J. Heinz Co.  Search this

Notes content:

Food products ; "The Heinz Book of Meat Cookery" (1937, includes numerous recipes) ; "The Story of Food Preservation" by Edith Elliott Swank (1943) ; Heinz 57 1939 New York World's Fair catalog ; materials related to the "Heinz Baby Food" branch, including letters to consumers explaining the terms of a joint savings program with "Sears Baby Shops", coupons for Heinz products, and two pamphlets titled "Bright Start: A Guide to Infant Feeding" and "The Building Blocks of Infant Feeding"

Includes:

Trade catalog and samples

Black and white images

Color images

Types of samples:

Coupons for ketchup, sauces, and vinegar

Physical description:

13 pieces; 1 box

Language:

English

Type of material:

Trade catalogs

Trade literature

Place:

Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

Date:

1900s

Topic (Romaine term):

Fairs and exhibitions  Search this

Foods and beverage products and processing equipment (including brewing; distilleries; beer; wine; etc.)  Search this

Topic:

Beverage industry  Search this

Distilleries  Search this

Fairs  Search this

Food industry and trade  Search this

Trade shows  Search this

Record ID:

SILNMAHTL_20515

Location:

Trade Literature at the American History Museum Library

Collection:

Smithsonian Libraries Trade Literature Collections

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:SILNMAHTL_20515

Biogeographical Region:

82 - Northern South America  Search this

Collector:

J. Hoock  Search this

Place:

Regina, Distillerie Aubin, French Guiana, South America - Neotropics

Collection Date:

28 Feb 1956

Taxonomy:

Plantae Monocotyledonae Poales Poaceae Panicoideae

Published Name:

Hymenachne donacifolia (Raddi) Chase

Barcode:

00684582

USNM Number:

3413007

See more items in:

Botany

Flowering plants and ferns

Guiana Shield

Data Source:

NMNH - Botany Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3dff03cb7-c0c8-4ea5-ad8c-e2f92d50fccf

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhbotany_10759930

Type:

Archival materials

Collection Restrictions:

Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2018 Smithsonian Folklife Festival, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2018 Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2018 Smithsonian Folklife Festival / Armenia / Audio

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bk5f57a5aa6-8bfa-49b8-9534-6ef68a58e8bb

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-2018-ref1234

Type:

Archival materials

Description:

Nestled at the crossroads of Asia and Europe, Armenia is a small, resilient country. Markers of its complex history punctuate the rugged landscapes: highland slopes sprinkled with thousands of petroglyphs, fortress-like churches from the earliest days of Christianity, and skeletons of enormous Soviet-era factories. Twentieth-century Armenia has been characterized by massive displacement caused by conflict and shifting borders, resulting in one of the world's largest diaspora populations.

It is the Armenian population of the diaspora which is celebrated at the 2018 Folklife Festival program Armenia: Creating Home. Included in the program are two case studies which offer a glimpse into Armenian culture, a culture greatly influenced by its surroundings, heritage, and an ongoing dialogue with its many diasporas. Both the foodways presentations and the artisan craft traditions highlight the importance of economic and cultural sustainability in the face of change. It is these practices which create home—both in concept and in form.

The exuberant hospitality of Armenian cooking, eating, and drinking is a source of great cultural pride. Both the established traditions of feasting as well as innovative cooking techniques continue to energize the Armenian food scene and engage outsiders. During the Folklife Festival, Armenian cooks taught visitors how to create the essential components of a feast: baking lavash flatbread in tonirs (wood-fired ovens), making traditional cheeses, and grilling khorovats (skewered meats). Winemakers demonstrated both traditional production methods as well as new techniques to create Armenian wines, including cultivation of ancient varietals, the aging of wine in karas (large clay urns), and a pioneering winery incubator model to encourage the growth of small labels. In discussion groups, cooks and winemakers shared their experiences with traditional recipes and the ways in which foodways and wine-related enterprises shape their cultural identity and create a pathway for exchange—both within Armenia's boundaries and across the diaspora communities.

Music and dance are another integral part of these festivities, including both traditional folk songs and the introduction of jazz. The combination of these two traditions is evident in contemporary music; the collaboration between Armenian and diasporan Armenian musicians resonates with the exchange and influence of diverse musical experiences.

The revitalization of Armenian craft was highlighted in the artisan craft traditions showcased at the Festival, where the intersection of technology and handmade traditions became visible. Working in clay, fabric, metal, stone, and wood, skilled craftspeople incorporated memory and experience into pottery and tonirs (clay ovens), knot-tied carpets and needlework arts, window grates and fences, khachkars (carved cross stones), wood carvings, and jewelry. Visual artists and artisans built interactive installations, juxtaposing tradition and innovation. Discussion sessions explored the function of craft, not only for its utilitarian and economic value, but as a continually evolving cultural expression using tangible objects to craft meaning for their unique way of life.

Particularly in periods of marked change and shifting populations throughout Armenia's history, each of these traditions has been a life-affirming testament to the longstanding power of social and cultural life. From the physical production of food and craft for everyday use to the memories and emotions these traditions convey, the program challenges visitors to explore their own notions of home while experiencing distinctive features of Armenian culture.

Armenia program partners included the Government of the Republic of Armenia, the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography in the National Academy of Sciences of Armenia, the My Armenia Cultural Heritage Tourism Program, funded by USAID and implemented by the Smithsonian Institution, the U.S. Embassy in Armenia, and the Embassy of Armenia to the United States of America.

PRODUCTION

Curators: Levon Abrahamian, Halle Butvin, Satenik Mkrtchyan, Ruzanna Tsaturyan

Program Coordinator: Arlene Reiniger

Armenia-based Program Coordinator: Nairi Khatchadourian

Diaspora Research and Project Coordinator: Milena Oganesyan

Interns: Sofiya Boroday, Armine Kalbakian, Alik Kandakarjian, Micaela Nerguizian, Russell Star-Lack

Presenters: Liana Aghajanian, Niery Grace Bardakjian, Hamazasp Danielyan, Jim Deutsch, Eteri Hovhannisyan, Lucineh Hovhaness Kassarjian, Ashken Khudaverdyan, Hratch Kozibeyokian, Harutyun Marutyan, Sabrina Papazian, Susanna Safaryan, Gayane Shagoyan, Aghasi Tadevosyan, Ruzanna Torozyan, Karine Vann, Rose Abrahamian

Dance Advisor: Carolyn Rapkievian

Program Lead Volunteer: Zakiya Williams

PARTICIPANTS

Ara and Onnik Dinkjian (Music)Onnik Dinkjian, vocals, composer

Ara Dinkjian, oud, composer

Arloopa ExperienceKhazhak Hobosyan

Armen Hyusnunts Quartet (Music) Armen Hyusnunts, tenor and soprano saxophone

Joshua Davis, bass

Karen Kocharyan, drums

Vardan Ovsepain, keyboard

Arto Tunçboyaciyan, vocals, percussion

Ayrogi Shadow Theater (Puppeteers)Sergei Jilavyan

Armen Kerobyan

Armen Kirakosyan

Artur Kocharyan

Karen Mamikonyan

Bakers, Lavash Makers Anna Tepanosyan

Hasmik Khachatryan

Varduhi Poghosyan

Blacksmith Gagik Martirosyan

Garik Papoyan

Hovhannes Mnoyan

CalligraphyRuben Malayan

Carpet weaversDianna Hovhannisyan

Artak Tadevosyan

Sahkanush Stepanyan

Haykanush Stepanyan

Goris Wool, Goris Women's Development Resource Center

Armine Amaryan

Tatev Hayrapetyan

Cheesemakers Greta Grigoryan

Gayane Khachatryan

Chefs, Cooks Antranig Kilislyan

Gayane Khachatryan (Khatchatryan)

Hasmik Khachatryan

Carrie Nahabedian

Hripsime Toumanyan

Clay, Pottery, Tonir (Bread Oven)Vahagn Hambardzumyan

Zara Gasparyan

Harutyun Marutyan

Gegham Gharibyan

Gyumri is Our Home Public Art Initiative (Shirak)Stepan Kakosyan

Gagik Mkhitaryan

Lilit Simonian

Arsen Vardanyan

Mamikon Varderesyan

Larisa Zhamakochyan

Hrayrq Dance GroupStepan Kakosyan

Arsen Vardanyan

Mamikon Varderesyan

Larisa Zhamakochyan

Kayt Band (Music)Grigor Davtyan

Grigor Kartashyan, zurna

Vache Pashinyan, drums

Menq Dance GroupMariam Hovhannisyan

Stepan Toroyan

Miqayel Voskanyan and Friends (Music)Gurgen Ghazaryan, bass

Movses Ghazaryan, drums

Davit Melkonyan, saxophone

Arman Pestmaldjyan, keyboards

Lusine Voskanyan, manager

Mikayel Voskanyan, tar

NeedleworkArmine Poghosyan

Ayda Sandurian

Gayane Hovsepyan

Houri Iyjian Abkejian

Salbie Iyjian

Maral Shohmahlian-Berberian

Seda Hovakimyan

Nur Qanon Ensemble (Music)Eteri Hovhannisyan

Tsovinar Hovhannisyan

Meri Musinyan

Kristine (Christine) Yengoyan

PANALÎ Panali (Music) Arman Jalalyan, drums

Vahagn Hayrapetyan, piano

Armen Hyusnunts, tenor and soprano saxophone

Gagik Khodavirdi, electric guitar

Edgar Sahakyan, bass

Arto Tunçboyaçiyan, percussion, vocals

Artak Gevorgyan

Samvel Galstian Group (Music)Joshua Davis, bass

Samvel Galstian, vocals

Karen Kocharyan, drums

Vardan Ovsepian, keyboards

Secret Trio (Music)Ara Dinkjian, oud

Ismail Lumanovski, clarinet

Tamer Pinarbasi, ganon (qanun, kanun, ganoun)

Stone carvingBogdan Hovhannisyan

Gayane Manucharyan

Karen Ghazaryan

Ruben Ghazaryan

Time Out (Music)Joshua Davis, bass

Vahagn Hayrapetyan, piano

Armen Hyusnunts, tenor and soprano saxophone

Karen Kocharyan, drums

Vahagn Hayrapetyan AVA Trio (Music) Vahagn Hayrapetyan, keyboard, saxophone

Armen Hyusnunts, tenor and soprano saxophone

Arto Tunçboyaciyan, vocals, percussion

Vardan Ovsepian Trio (Music)Joshua Davis, bass

Vardan Ovsepian, keyboards

Karen Kocharyan, drums

WinemakersNicole Hassoun, Jos. A. Magnus, Co. Distillery, DC

Vahe Keushguerian, WineWorks, Yerevan

Victoria Aslanian, ArmAs, Aragatsotn

Grigori Avetisyan, Kataro, Syunik

Juliana Del Aguila, Karas, Armavir

Varuzhan Mouradian, Van Ardi, Aragatsotn

Hovakim Saghatelyan, Trinity Canyon Vineyards, Vayots Dzor

Woodcarving Armen Ohanyan

Vahagn Amiryan

Zulal (Music) Teni Apelian

Yeraz Markarian

Anaïs Tekerian

Collection Restrictions:

Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.

Collection Rights:

Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2018 Smithsonian Folklife Festival, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2018 Smithsonian Folklife Festival

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/bk53a9fbbef-088c-4097-8e4c-28fd6705b960

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-2018-ref2

Creator:

DeWolf, James, 1764-1837  Search this

Names:

Bellin, J.H.  Search this

DeWolf, George  Search this

Elfelt, Peter  Search this

Oliver, Louis  Search this

Extent:

1.8 Cubic feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Correspondence

Place:

Cuba

Caribbean

Rhode Island

West Indies

Date:

1757-1947

Scope and Contents:

The Papers of the DeWolf Family shed light on one of the wealthiest New England families in the 18th-19th centuries who made their fortune by engaging in each part of the transatlantic slave trade. This collection is comprised of photographs, correspondence, publications, and business records including daily logs and ship manifests. Included in the collection are ship business records and documents from multiple countries including Cuba, the Netherlands, China, and India.

Arrangement:

The materials in this collection have been kept at the folder level and separated into five series. The materials have been ordered and organized based on the content.

Biographical / Historical:

Rhode Island dominated the North American transatlantic slave trade, led by the DeWolf family of Bristol. They financed their wealthy lifestyle by engaging in each part of the triangular trade, which involved the shipping of natural resources from the Caribbean to America and Europe for manufacturing, then using them to fund the purchase of enslaved persons. The DeWolf family owned numerous sugar and coffee plantations in Cuba. Sugar from the Cuba plantations was made into molasses, transported to Rhode Island in DeWolf vessels, and transformed into rum in DeWolf-owned distilleries. The rum was then taken to Africa and used as payment for enslaved captives, who were eventually sold in Cuba and other southern ports for tremendous profit. Between 1769 and 1820, it is believed the DeWolf-owned vessels carried more than 12,000 enslaved Africans across the Middle Passage. The profit generated from these trade endeavors allowed the family to start a bank and insurance company.

The first patriarch of the DeWolf family was Mark Anthony DeWolf (1726-1792). Mark emigrated from Guadeloupe Island in the West Indies after serving as a deckhand on a slave trading ship owned by privateer Simeon Potter. Mark married Potter's sister Abigail and they had 15 children. Their son James DeWolf, born on March 18, 1764 in Bristol, was most apt to take over the family business. James, like his father, worked as a slave trader, privateer, and a politician, including time as an U. S. Senator for Rhode Island. During the Revolutionary War, DeWolf served as a sailor on a private armed vessel that was twice captured by the British. By his early twenties, his past experiences saw him promoted to the rank of captain of a ship. James married Nancy Ann Bradford, daughter of the Massachusetts governor William Bradford, in 1790. Together they had 11 children.

In 1791, DeWolf was indicted for murdering an enslaved woman on his ship. The enslaved woman may have had smallpox and DeWolf claimed that she threatened the lives of all the enslaved persons and crew members on board. DeWolf and two crew members agreed to throw the woman overboard to her death. Judge John Jay discovered the story and reported it to President George Washington who gave orders for DeWolf's immediate arrest, citing violation of the Federal Slave Trade Law of 1790. DeWolf fled to the West Indies and by 1795 the charges were dropped. The judge declared that "this act of James De Wolfe was morally evil, but at the same time physically good and beneficial to a number of beings." Further, it was the "least" of the "two evils," and the accusations against DeWolf were "groundless."

Buoyed by the acquittal, DeWolf's family continued their criminal activity within the slave trading business. In 1794, Congress outlawed Americans carrying slaves between foreign countries or into countries that had statutes against the trade. In order to circumvent these laws, DeWolf called in a favor with Thomas Jefferson to appoint his brother-in-law, Charles Collins, a customs inspector. Collins ignored many of the slave ships moving in and out of the harbor that in turn allowed the DeWolf family to continue profiting from human suffering. DeWolf funneled his slave trading efforts through Cuba, the only open Caribbean trade port with American access. DeWolf continually shipped men, women, and children from American soil to Cuba.

In 1808, Congress banned the importation of enslaved into the United States and DeWolf turned to new ventures to keep his wealth, including privateering. During the War of 1812, his ship Yankee was the most successful privateer of the war, capturing prizes worth over three million dollars. In order to continue to profit off slavery, DeWolf founded the Arkwright Mill in Coventry, Rhode Island, which became a pioneer in the processing and manufacturing of cotton harvested by enslaved people. The family also maintained plantations in Cuba, and James' nephew, George DeWolf, continued trading enslaved persons at least until 1820 when it became punishable by death. From 1817-1821, DeWolf served as a member of the Rhode Island State House of Representatives; he was promoted to Speaker of the House from 1819-1821. In 1821, he was elected a U.S Senator for Rhode Island and served five years of his six-year term. He resigned and returned to the State House of Representatives from 1829 until his death in 1837. James DeWolf died in New York City on December 21, 1837. It was reported at his death that he was the second wealthiest man in America.

Historical Timeline

1726 -- Mark Anthony DeWolf was born

1764 -- James DeWolf was born in Bristol, Rhode Island, son of Mark Anthony and Abigail DeWolf

1775-83 -- James DeWolf served as a sailor in the Revolutionary War

1790 -- James DeWolf married Nancy Bradford, daughter of Massachusetts Governor William Bradford

1791 -- James DeWolf was indicted for murdering an enslaved woman on his slaving ship

1792 -- Mark Anthony DeWolf died leaving the business to his son, James

1795 -- All charges against James in the death of an enslaved woman on-board his ship in 1791 were dismissed

1808 -- Congress abolishes the African slave trade

1812 -- James DeWolf built the Arkwright Mills in Coventry, Rhode Island. He also served a privateer in the War of 1812

1817 -- James DeWolf began serving as a representative in the Rhode Island House of Representatives

1819 -- DeWolf began serving as the Speaker of the House in Rhode Island State General Assembly

1821-25 -- James DeWolf served as U.S. Senator for Rhode Island

1829 -- James DeWolf returned as a member of the State House of Representatives

1837 -- James DeWolf died in New York City, New York

Provenance:

Acquired through a purchase by the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture.

Restrictions:

Portions of this collection are restricted from use as means to further preserve the collection. Digital surrogates are available for portions of this collection.

Rights:

The NMAAHC Archives can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions may apply and limit reproduction for other purposes.

Topic:

Slavery  Search this

Domestic Slave Trade  Search this

Middle Passage  Search this

Sugar  Search this

Transatlantic Slave Trade  Search this

Coffee  Search this

Rum  Search this

United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783  Search this

United States -- History -- Colonial period -- Societies  Search this

Photography  Search this

Shipping  Search this

United States -- History -- 1815-1861  Search this

United States -- History -- 1783-1815  Search this

United States -- History -- 1865-1921  Search this

Genre/Form:

Correspondence

Citation:

Historical Records of the DeWolf Family, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAAHC.A2018.17.2

See more items in:

Historical Records of the DeWolf Family

Archival Repository:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io3fc558353-14d8-4cec-ac12-ddf21cf9a8d4

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmaahc-a2018-17-2

Collection Creator:

DeWolf, James, 1764-1837  Search this

Container:

Box 3, Folder 6

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Date:

1809

Collection Restrictions:

Portions of this collection are restricted from use as means to further preserve the collection. Digital surrogates are available for portions of this collection.

Collection Rights:

The NMAAHC Archives can provide reproductions of some materials for research and educational use. Copyright and right to publicity restrictions may apply and limit reproduction for other purposes.

Collection Citation:

Historical Records of the DeWolf Family, National Museum of African American History and Culture, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Historical Records of the DeWolf Family

Historical Records of the DeWolf Family / Series 3: Businesss Records, 1757-1899; undated / 3.2: Receipts and Business Documents, 1757-1899; undated

Archival Repository:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/io3297aaa0c-9c08-4f2f-84e7-27c9355d6209

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmaahc-a2018-17-2-ref100