Search Results

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2017-04-25T00:59:23.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_5HhgAkygVzU

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Conversations and talks

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2021-10-25T16:17:29.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_p6swvl1xPMA

Creator:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery  Search this

Type:

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2021-05-20T23:30:14.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Art, Asian  Search this

See more by:

FreerSackler

Data Source:

Freer Gallery of Art and Arthur M. Sackler Gallery

YouTube Channel:

FreerSackler

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_40xoNsVO-4M

Donor:

Archivo General de Puerto Rico  Search this

Collector:

Puerto Rico. Division of Community Education. Department of Education  Search this

Extent:

1 Cubic foot (32 map folders)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Screen prints

Posters

Place:

Puerto Rico -- 20th century

Date:

1955-2005, undated

Summary:

Collection consists of 378 posters documenting the social, cultural, and educational issues for Puerto Rico of Puerto Rico for nearly fifty years.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of 378 posters, the majority of which are approximately 22" x 28" documenting social, cultural, and educational issues for Puerto Rico. The posters were widely displayed throughout Puerto Rico and provide a window into the lives of the residents for fifty years. The collection is divided into three series. Series one documents events primarily for holidays. Series two provides information relating to the type of social services available to the residents. Economic and employment issues are documented in series three.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into three series.

Series 1, Events, 1955-1990, undated

Series 2, Social Services, 1971-2005, undated

Series 3, Economics and Employment, 1987-1989, undated

Biographical / Historical:

The Puerto Rican Division of Community Education [DIVEDCO] provided resources primarily for the island's poor and rural residents. Created in 1949, it employed community leaders, artists, and writers to develop programs and cultural works that addressed many of the issues and concerns of the Puerto Rican community.

See: Wikipedia for more information.

Related Materials:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Teodoro Vidal Collection, NMAH.AC.0712

Division of Community Life Dissertation Series: Lange, Yvonne, Santos: The Household Wooden Saints of Puerto Rico, NMAH.AC.0197

Spanish Language Broadcasting Collection, NMAH.AC.1404

Goya Foods, Incorporated Collection, NMAH.AC.0694

Manuel Quiles Films, NMAH.AC.0765

Frank Espada Photographs, NMAH.AC.1395

Archives Center Business Americana Collection, NMAH.AC.0404

Graciela Papers, NMAH.AC.1425

Maidenform Collection, NMAH.AC.0585

Edward J. Orth Memorial Archives of the New York World's Fair, NMAH.AC.0560

Provenance:

The posters were donated to the Archives Center, National Museum of American History by the Archivo General de Puerto Rico through Nelly V. Cruz Rodriguez on May 19, 1997.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Puerto Rico in art -- 20th century  Search this

Health attitudes -- 20th century -- Puerto Rico  Search this

Health education -- 1940-1980 -- Puerto Rico  Search this

Social conditions -- 20th century -- Puerto Rico  Search this

Cultural policy -- 20th century -- Puerto Rico  Search this

Modernity and society -- Puerto Rico  Search this

Genre/Form:

Screen prints

Posters -- 20th century

Citation:

Puerto Rico Division of Community Education Poster Collection, 1940-1990, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.0615

See more items in:

Puerto Rico Division of Community Education [DIVEDCO] Poster Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8612da7ec-6306-4f79-bb22-8ac39686b5b8

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0615

Author:

Smith, Alexander J.  Search this

Object Type:

Smithsonian staff publication

Year:

2023

Citation:

Smith, Alexander J. 2023. "Ecosystem Transitions and State Changes Rapidly Alter the Coastal Carbon Landscape: Evidence From the Chesapeake Bay Region." PhD, The College of William and Mary.

Identifier:

168574

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:slasro_168574

Author:

Authors (Dissertation)  Search this

Compiler:

Authors Quinary (Dissertation)  Search this

Editor:

Authors Secondary (Dissertation)  Search this

Series_editor:

Authors Tertiary (Dissertation)  Search this

Object Type:

Smithsonian staff publication

Year:

1000

Citation:

Authors (Dissertation). 1000. "Title (Dissertation)." Degree Type (Dissertation), Institution (Dissertation). https://doi.org/DOI (Dissertation).

Identifier:

166382

DOI:

https://doi.org/DOI (Dissertation)

https://doi.org/Container DOI (Dissertation)

ISBN:

ISSN ISBN (Dissertation)

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:slasro_166382

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

Lectures

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2014-10-16T19:49:21.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_bYzGB0MTBX0

Creator:

Lemelson Center, National Museum of American History  Search this

Type:

Conversations and talks

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2015-09-28T19:17:15.000Z

YouTube Category:

Film & Animation  Search this

Topic:

American History  Search this

See more by:

LemelsonCenter

Data Source:

Lemelson Center, National Museum of American History

YouTube Channel:

LemelsonCenter

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_96Qh9SAVH4o

Collection Creator:

Segura, Joe (Joseph M)  Search this

Container:

Box 11, Folder 31

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

2002

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is open for research. Access to original papers requires an appointment and is limited to the Archives' Washington, D.C. Research Center. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies. Contact References Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:

Segura Publishing Company records, 1976-2014. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Segura Publishing Company records

Segura Publishing Company records / Series 8: Joe Segura papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9cce7a4a6-423b-4dfa-89db-d46c460d4408

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-segurjoe-ref539

Creator:

Adams, William  Search this

Spaulding, Albert C. (Albert Clanton), 1914-1990  Search this

Correspondent:

Aberle, David F. (David Friend), 1918-2004  Search this

Ackerman, Robert  Search this

Adams, Richard N. (Richard Newbold), 1924-  Search this

Aginsky, Bernard W. (Bernard Willard), 1905-  Search this

Baby, Raymond S.  Search this

Baerreis, David A., 1916-1989  Search this

Baker, George W.  Search this

Bartlett, Katherine  Search this

Bascom, William  Search this

Baumhoff, Martin A.  Search this

Beardsley, Richard K. (Richard King), 1918-1978  Search this

Beaubien, Paul L.  Search this

Bell, Robert E. (Robert Eugene), 1914-2006  Search this

Bennett, Wendell Clark, 1905-1953  Search this

Binford, Lewis R. (Lewis Roberts), 1931-2011  Search this

Black, Glenn A. (Glenn Albert), 1900-1964  Search this

Boggs, Stephen Taylor  Search this

Bozeman, Tandy  Search this

Braidwood, Robert J. (Robert John), 1907-2003  Search this

Brew, J. O. (John Otis), 1906-1988  Search this

Buettner-Janusch, John, 1924-1992  Search this

Byers, Douglas S., 1903-1978  Search this

Campbell, John M.  Search this

Carneiro, Robert  Search this

Carr, John F.  Search this

Champe, John L. (John Leland), 1895-  Search this

Clark, J. Desmond (John Desmond), 1916-2002  Search this

Coe, Joffre Lanning  Search this

Collier, Donald, 1911-1995  Search this

Collins, Henry B. (Henry Bascom), 1899-1987  Search this

Conklin, Harold C., 1926-2016  Search this

Conner, Stuart W.  Search this

Coon, Carleton S. (Carleton Stevens), 1904-1981  Search this

Corbett, John M.  Search this

Cotter, John Lambert  Search this

Cressman, Luther S., 1897-1994  Search this

Culbert, T. Patrick  Search this

De Laguna, Frederica, 1906-2004  Search this

Deuel, Thorne, 1890-  Search this

Dickinson, J.C.  Search this

Dillingham, Beth  Search this

Dockstader, Frederick J.  Search this

Dole, Gertrude Evelyn, 1915-2001  Search this

Ehrich, Robert W.  Search this

Eiseley, Loren C., 1907-1977  Search this

Erasmus, Charles  Search this

Euler, Robert  Search this

Evans, Clifford, Jr.  Search this

Fagan, Brian  Search this

Fejos, Paul, 1897-1963  Search this

Fenenga, Franklin  Search this

Fenton, William N. (William Nelson), 1908-2005  Search this

Fitting, James E.  Search this

Fitzhugh, William W., 1943-  Search this

Ford, James Alfred, 1911-1968  Search this

Ford, Richard I.  Search this

Gabel, Creighton  Search this

Giddings, Louis  Search this

Greengo, Robert E.  Search this

Griffin, James B. (James Bennett), 1905-1997  Search this

Gunnerson, James A.  Search this

Gurland, John  Search this

Hamilton, Henry W.  Search this

Harp, Elmer  Search this

Heizer, Robert F. (Robert Fleming), 1915-1979  Search this

Henry, Ardell A.  Search this

Hewes, Gordon Winant, 1917-  Search this

Hodson, F.R.  Search this

Horne, Stephen  Search this

Howard, James H., 1925-1982 (James Henri)  Search this

Hruska, Robert J.  Search this

Hughes, Jack T.  Search this

Hull, W.C.  Search this

Hurt, Wesley R.  Search this

Huscher, Harold A., 1908-1992  Search this

Jelinek, Arthur J. (Arthur Julius), 1928-  Search this

Jennings, Jesse D. (Jesse David), 1909-1997  Search this

Johnson, Frederick, 1904-1994  Search this

Kaemlein, Wilma  Search this

Kaplan, Bernice  Search this

Kennard, Edward A. (Edward Allan), 1907-1989  Search this

Kerr, Clark  Search this

Kivett, Marvin F.  Search this

Krieger, Alex D. (Alex Dony), 1911-1991  Search this

Krogman, Wilton Marion, 1903-1987  Search this

Kunstadter, Peter  Search this

Lasker, Gabriel Ward  Search this

Laughlin, William S.  Search this

Leech, Florence  Search this

Lilban, Richard W.  Search this

Linton, Ralph, 1893-1953  Search this

Lister, Robert H. (Robert Hill), 1915-1990  Search this

Malouf, Carling I. (Carling Isaac), 1916-2007  Search this

Martin, Paul S. (Paul Sidney), 1899-1974  Search this

Mayer-Oakes, William J., 1923-2005  Search this

McGregor, John  Search this

McKern, W. C. (Will Carleton), 1892-  Search this

Meggers, Betty Jane  Search this

Miller, George (Omaha)  Search this

Muirhead, George  Search this

Neumann, Georg K. (Georg Karl), 1907-1971  Search this

Newman, Marshall T. (Marshall Thornton), 1911-1994  Search this

Norbeck, Edward, 1915-1991  Search this

Oakley, Kenneth Page, 1911-  Search this

Omwake, Henri Geiger, 1907-1967  Search this

Osborne, Douglas  Search this

Pilling, Arnold R.  Search this

Quilter, Jeffrey, 1949-  Search this

Reed, Charles A.  Search this

Reed, Erik Kellerman, 1914-1990  Search this

Ritchie, William A. (William Augustus), 1903-1995  Search this

Roberts, Frank H. H. (Frank Harold Hanna), 1897-1966  Search this

Rouse, Irving, 1913-2006  Search this

Rowe, John Howland, 1918-2004  Search this

Ruppé, Reynold J., 1917-1993  Search this

Schumacher, Paul J. F.  Search this

Schwartz, Douglas W., 1929-  Search this

Sears, William H.  Search this

Sebeok, Thomas A. (Thomas Albert), 1920-2001  Search this

Smith, Allen H.  Search this

Smith, Carlyle S. (Carlyle Shreeve), 1915-1993  Search this

Smith, Hale G.  Search this

Smith, Marion W.  Search this

Solecki, Ralph S.  Search this

Spier, Leslie, 1893-1961  Search this

Spuhler, J.N.  Search this

Stephenson, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1919-  Search this

Strong, William Duncan, 1899-1962  Search this

Struever, Stuart  Search this

Sturtevant, William C.  Search this

Swanson, Earl H., Jr. (Earl Herbert), 1927-1975  Search this

Tax, Sol, 1907-1995  Search this

Taylor, Walter W., Jr.  Search this

Thomas, David Hurst  Search this

Tolstoy, Paul  Search this

Tong, Marvin E. (Marvin Enoch), 1922-1981  Search this

Ward, Lauriston  Search this

Washburn, S. L. (Sherwood Larned), 1911-2000  Search this

Waterman, Alan T.  Search this

Watson, Patty Jo, 1932-  Search this

Wauchope, Robert  Search this

Webb, William S. (William Snyder), 1882-1964  Search this

Wedel, Waldo R. (Waldo Rudolph), 1908-1996  Search this

Wenner-Gren, Axel, 1881-1961  Search this

Wheeler, Richard  Search this

White, Leslie A., 1900-1975  Search this

Will, George W.  Search this

Williams, Stephen  Search this

Wolfe, Alvin W. (Alvin William), 1928-  Search this

Wood, W. Raymond  Search this

Woodbury, Natalie Ferris Sampson  Search this

Woodbury, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1917-2009  Search this

Yellen, John E., 1942-  Search this

Extent:

4.5 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Place:

North America

South Dakota

Alaska

Date:

1940s-1980s

Summary:

The Albert Clanton Spaulding Papers consist of correspondence, field project data, manuscripts, and teaching notes documenting his work at the University of Michigan, University of California Santa Barbara, the National Science Foundation, and field work at the Arzberger Site and Agattu.

Scope and Contents:

The Albert Clanton Spaulding Papers consist of correspondence, field project data, manuscripts, and teaching notes documenting his work at the University of Michigan, University of California Santa Barbara, the National Science Foundation, and field work at the Arzberger Site and Agattu. Although it has been noted that there are significant and inexplicable lucunae in Spaulding's papers, they nevertheless touch on most phases of his professional life. There is, however, relatively little field material.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

1. Correspondence, 1948-1982; 2. manuscript of Spaulding writings; 3. material concerning students; 4. site reports and field project data; 4. material regarding conferences and committees; 6. material related to work as National Science Foundation archeology program director; 7. student notebooks and dissertation; 8. material regarding the Arzberger site; 9. administrative material regarding the University of Michigan; 10. academic papers collected by Spaulding, teaching aids, and lecture notes; 11. Philip C. Phillips and Gordon R. Willey file; 12. James A. Ford file; 13. correspondence regarding publications; 14. miscellany; 15. photographs

Biographical note:

Albert C. Spaulding was trained at Montana State University (B.A. in economics, 1935), the University of Michigan (M.A. in ahthropology, 1937), and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1946). In 1946-1947, he taught at the University of Kansas and was an assistant curator at the university's Museum of Anthropology. From 1947-1961, he taught at the University of Michigan and was curator of that university's Museum of Anthropology. In 1959-1961, Spaulding was first program director for the History and Philosophy of Science Program of the National Science Foundation and the NAS program director for anthropology. In 1963-1966, he was professor and chairman of the anthropology department at the University of Oregon. In 1967-1971, he became dean of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara and continued at that institution as professor of anthropology until 1983. Spaulding served the Society for Amercian Archeology as associate editor, secretary, vice president, and president. In 1964, he was vice president for Section H of American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Although Spaulding carried out several significant field projects, he is best rememberd for his theoretical and methodological concerns. In relating his first archeological field work, he declared: "My fundamental interest at the time (and now) was clarification of the basic concepts of archeology, which led me into explicit definitions of archaeological problems in terms of relationship between or among well-defined variables." Spaulding produced many articles and book reviews in which he dealt with such problems. Some of the best-known appeared in the pages of American Antiquity in 1953 and 1954 when be debated James A. Ford in general terms concerning teh most productive methods of archeology in general and the nature of archeological types and methods of defining them in particular. Because of his espousal of rigor in method, Spaulding is considered on of the main forerunners of the "new archeology" of the 1960s. For his work, he received the SAA distinguished Service Award in 1981.

Restrictions:

The Albert Clanton Spaulding papers are open for research.

Access to the Albert Clanton Spaulding papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Citation:

Albert Clanton Spaulding papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1997-12

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3808d85f3-876e-4f0d-99a4-a84e673bfcee

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1997-12

Creator:

De Laguna, Frederica, 1906-2004  Search this

McClellan, Catharine  Search this

Swanton, John Reed, 1873-1958  Search this

Guédon, Marie Françoise  Search this

Emmons, George Thornton  Search this

Correspondent:

Stearns, Mary Lee  Search this

Aberle, David F. (David Friend), 1918-2004  Search this

Arensberg, Conrad M. (Conrad Maynadier), 1910-1997  Search this

Baird, Melissa  Search this

Balzer, Marjorie  Search this

Bersch, Gretchen  Search this

Birket-Smith, Kaj  Search this

Black, Lydia  Search this

Boas, Franz, 1858-1942  Search this

Chowning, Ann  Search this

Clark, J. Desmond (John Desmond), 1916-2002  Search this

Codere, Helen F., 1917-2009  Search this

Collins, Henry B. (Henry Bascom), 1899-1987  Search this

Colton, Harold Sellers, 1881-1970  Search this

Conklin, Harold C., 1926-2016  Search this

Corbett, John M.  Search this

Darnell, Regna  Search this

Dauenhauer, Nora  Search this

Dauenhauer, Richard  Search this

Davenport, William  Search this

Dockstader, Frederick J.  Search this

Drucker, Philip, 1911-1982  Search this

Du Bois, Cora Alice, 1903-1991  Search this

Duff, Wilson, 1925-  Search this

Fair, Susan  Search this

Fitzhugh, William W., 1943-  Search this

Foster, George McClelland, 1913-  Search this

Garfield, Viola Edmundson, 1899-1983  Search this

Giddings, James Louis  Search this

Gjessing, Gutorm, 1906  Search this

Grinev, Andrei V.  Search this

Hanable, William S.  Search this

Hara, Hiroko, 1934-  Search this

Haury, Emil W. (Emil Walter), 1904-1992  Search this

Heizer, Robert F. (Robert Fleming), 1915-1979  Search this

Helm, June, 1924-  Search this

Herskovits, Melville J. (Melville Jean), 1895-1963  Search this

Holtved, Erik  Search this

Jenness, Diamond, 1886-1969  Search this

Kahn, Mimi  Search this

Kan, Sergei  Search this

Krauss, Michael E., 1934-  Search this

Kroeber, A. L. (Alfred Louis), 1876-1960  Search this

Larsen, Helge, 1905-1984  Search this

Leer, Jeff  Search this

Lindgren, E. J. (Ethel John), 1904-1988  Search this

Lomax, Alan, 1915-2002  Search this

Low, Jean  Search this

Mathiassen, Therkel, 1892-1967  Search this

Mead, Margaret, 1901-1978  Search this

Olson, Wallace  Search this

Rainey, Froelich G. (Froelich Gladstone), 1907-1992  Search this

Riddell, Francis A. (Francis Allen), 1921-2002  Search this

Ritchie, William A. (William Augustus), 1903-1995  Search this

Schneider, William  Search this

Schumacher, Paul J. F.  Search this

Shinkwin, Anne D.  Search this

Spier, Leslie, 1893-1961  Search this

Spiro, Melford E., 1920-2014  Search this

Underhill, Ruth, 1883-1984  Search this

VanStone, James W.  Search this

Weiner, Annette B., 1933-  Search this

Weitzner, Bella, 1891?-1988  Search this

White, Leslie A., 1900-1975  Search this

Woodbury, Natalie Ferris Sampson  Search this

Woodbury, Richard B. (Richard Benjamin), 1917-2009  Search this

Workman, Karen Wood  Search this

Workman, William B.  Search this

Names:

American Anthropological Association  Search this

Bryn Mawr College  Search this

Photographer:

Smith, Harlan Ingersoll, 1872-1940  Search this

Extent:

2 Map drawers

38 Linear feet (71 document boxes, 1 half document box, 2 manuscript folders, 4 card file boxes, 1 flat box, and 1 oversize box)

Culture:

Yakutat Tlingit  Search this

Tutchone  Search this

Tsimshian  Search this

Indians of North America -- Subarctic  Search this

Tlingit  Search this

Tanana  Search this

Kawchodinne (Hare)  Search this

Ahtna (Ahtena)  Search this

Athapascan Indians  Search this

Northern Athabascan  Search this

Chugach  Search this

Kalaallit (Greenland Eskimo)  Search this

Indians of North America -- California  Search this

Eyak  Search this

Indians of North America -- Northwest Coast of North America  Search this

Degexit'an (Ingalik)  Search this

Arctic peoples  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Map drawers

Manuscripts

Maps

Field notes

Correspondence

Photographs

Sound recordings

Place:

Alaska -- Archaeology

Aishihik (Yukon)

Angoon (Alaska)

Alaska -- Ethnology

Chistochina (Alaska)

Greenland

Copper River (Alaska)

Klukshu (Yukon)

Hoonah (Alaska)

Kodiak Island (Alaska)

Klukwan (Alaska)

Saint Lawrence River Valley

New Brunswick -- Archaeology

Yukon Island (Alaska)

Date:

1890-2004

bulk 1923-2004

Summary:

These papers reflect the professional and personal life of Frederica de Laguna. The collection contains correspondence, field notes, writings, newspaper clippings, writings by others, subject files, sound recordings, photographs, and maps. A significant portion of the collection consists of de Laguna's correspondence with family, friends, colleagues, and students, as well as her informants from the field. Her correspondence covers a wide range of subjects such as family, health, preparations for field work, her publications and projects, the Northwest Coast, her opinions on the state of anthropology, and politics. The field notes in the collection mainly represent de Laguna and her assistants' work in the Northern Tlingit region of Alaska from 1949 to 1954. In addition, the collection contains materials related to her work in the St. Lawrence River Valley in Ontario in 1947 and Catherine McClellan's field journal for her research in Aishihik, Yukon Territory in 1968. Most of the audio reels in the collection are field recordings made by de Laguna, McClellan, and Marie-Françoise Guédon of vocabulary and songs and speeches at potlatches and other ceremonies from 1952 to 1969. Tlingit and several Athabaskan languages including Atna, Tutchone, Upper Tanana, and Tanacross are represented in the recordings. Also in the collection are copies of John R. Swanton's Tlingit recordings and Hiroko Hara Sue's recordings among the Hare Indians. Additional materials related to de Laguna's research on the Northwest Coast include her notes on clans and tribes in Series VI: Subject Files and her notes on Tlingit vocabulary and Yakutat names specimens in Series X: Card Files. Drafts and notes for Voyage to Greenland, Travels Among the Dena, and The Tlingit Indians can be found in the collection as well as her drawings for her dissertation and materials related to her work for the Handbook of North American Indians and other publications. There is little material related to Under Mount Saint Elias except for correspondence, photocopies and negatives of plates, and grant applications for the monograph. Of special interest among de Laguna's writings is a photocopy of her historical fiction novel, The Thousand March. Other materials of special interest are copies of her talks, including her AAA presidential address, and the dissertation of Regna Darnell, a former student of de Laguna's. In addition, materials on the history of anthropology are in the collection, most of which can found with her teaching materials. Although the bulk of the collection documents de Laguna's professional years, the collection also contains newspaper articles and letters regarding her exceptional performance as a student at Bryn Mawr College and her undergraduate and graduate report cards. Only a few photographs of de Laguna can be found in the collection along with photographs of her 1929 and 1979 trips to Greenland.

Scope and Contents:

These papers reflect the professional and personal life of Frederica de Laguna. The collection contains correspondence, field notes, writings, newspaper clippings, writings by others, subject files, sound recordings, photographs, and maps.

A significant portion of the collection consists of de Laguna's correspondence with family, friends, colleagues, and students, as well as her informants from the field. Her correspondence covers a wide range of subjects such as family, health, preparations for field work, her publications and projects, the Northwest Coast, her opinions on the state of anthropology, and politics. Among her notable correspondents are Kaj Birket-Smith, J. Desmond Clark, Henry Collins, George Foster, Viola Garfield, Marie-Françoise Guédon, Diamond Jenness, Michael Krauss, Therkel Mathiassen, Catharine McClellan, and Wallace Olson. She also corresponded with several eminent anthropologists including Franz Boas, William Fitzhugh, J. Louis Giddings, Emil Haury, June Helm, Melville Herskovitz, Alfred Kroeber, Helge Larsen, Alan Lomax, Margaret Mead, Froelich Rainey, Leslie Spier, Ruth Underhill, James VanStone, Annette Weiner, and Leslie White.

The field notes in the collection mainly represent de Laguna and her assistants' work in the Northern Tlingit region of Alaska from 1949 to 1954. In addition, the collection contains materials related to her work in the St. Lawrence River Valley in Ontario in 1947 and Catharine McClellan's field journal for her research in Aishihik, Yukon Territory in 1968. Most of the audio reels in the collection are field recordings made by de Laguna, McClellan, and Marie-Françoise Guédon of vocabulary and songs and speeches at potlatches and other ceremonies from 1952 to 1969. Tlingit and several Athapaskan languages including Atna, Tutochone, Upper Tanana, and Tanacross are represented in the recordings. Also in the collection are copies of John R. Swanton's Tlingit recordings and Hiroko Hara's recordings among the Hare Indians. Additional materials related to de Laguna's research on the Northwest Coast include her notes on clans and tribes in Series VI: Subject Files and her notes on Tlingit vocabulary and Yakutat names specimens in Series 10: Card Files.

Drafts and notes for Voyage to Greenland, Travels Among the Dena, and The Tlingit Indians can be found in the collection as well as her drawings for her dissertation and materials related to her work for the Handbook of North American Indians and other publications. There is little material related to Under Mount Saint Elias except for correspondence, photocopies and negatives of plates, and grant applications for the monograph. Of special interest among de Laguna's writings is a photocopy of her historical fiction novel, The Thousand March.

Other materials of special interest are copies of her talks, including her AAA presidential address, and the dissertation of Regna Darnell, a former student of de Laguna's. In addition, materials on the history of anthropology are in the collection, most of which can found with her teaching materials. The collection also contains copies of photographs from the Harriman Alaska Expedition of 1899. Although the bulk of the collection documents de Laguna's professional years, the collection also contains newspaper articles and letters regarding her exceptional performance as a student at Bryn Mawr College and her undergraduate and graduate report cards. Only a few photographs of de Laguna can be found in the collection along with photographs of her 1929 and 1979 trips to Greenland.

Arrangement:

Arranged in 12 series: (1) Correspondence, 1923-2004; (2) Field Research, 1947-1968; (3) Writings, 1926-2001; (4) Teaching, 1922-1988; (5) Professional Activities, 1939-2001; (6) Subject Files, 1890-2002; (7) Writings by Others, 1962-2000; (8) Personal, 1923-2000; (9) Photographs, 1929-1986; (10) Card Files; (11) Maps, 1928-1973; (12) Sound Recordings, 1904-1973

Biographical / Historical:

Frederica Annis Lopez de Leo de Laguna was a pioneering archaeologist and ethnographer of northwestern North America. Known as Freddy by her friends, she was one of the last students of Franz Boas. She served as first vice-president of the Society for American Archaeology (SAA) from 1949 to 1950 and as president of the American Anthropological Association (AAA) from 1966-1967. She also founded the anthropology department at Bryn Mawr College where she taught from 1938 to 1972. In 1975, she and Margaret Mead, a former classmate, were the first women to be elected to the National Academy of Sciences.

Born on October 3, 1906 in Ann Arbor, Michigan, de Laguna was the daughter of Theodore Lopez de Leo de Laguna and Grace Mead Andrus, both philosophy professors at Bryn Mawr College. Often sick as a child, de Laguna was home-schooled by her parents until she was 9. She excelled as a student at Bryn Mawr College, graduating summa cum laude with a degree in politics and economics in 1927. She was awarded the college's prestigious European fellowship, which upon the suggestion of her parents, she deferred for a year to study anthropology at Columbia University under Boas. Her parents had recently attended a lecture given by Boas and felt that anthropology would unite her interests in the social sciences and her love for the outdoors.

After a year studying at Columbia with Boas, Gladys Reichard, and Ruth Benedict, de Laguna was still uncertain whether anthropology was the field for her. Nevertheless, she followed Boas's advice to spend her year abroad studying the connection between Eskimo and Paleolithic art, which would later became the topic of her dissertation. In the summer of 1928, she gained fieldwork experience under George Grant MacCurdy visiting prehistoric sites in England, France, and Spain. In Paris, she attended lectures on prehistoric art by Abbe Breuil and received guidance from Paul Rivet and Marcelin Boule. Engaged to an Englishman she had met at Columbia University, de Laguna decided to also enroll at the London School of Economics in case she needed to earn her degree there. She took a seminar with Bronislaw Malinowski, an experience she found unpleasant and disappointing.

It was de Laguna's visit to the National Museum in Copenhagen to examine the archaeological collections from Central Eskimo that became the turning point in her life. During her visit, she met Therkel Mathiassen who invited her to be his assistant on what would be the first scientific archaeological excavation in Greenland. She sailed off with him in June 1929, intending to return early in August. Instead, she decided to stay until October to finish the excavation with Mathiassen, now convinced that her future lay in anthropology. When she returned from Greenland she broke off her engagement with her fiancé, deciding that she would not able to both fully pursue a career in anthropology and be the sort of wife she felt he deserved. Her experiences in Greenland became the subject of her 1977 memoir, Voyage to Greenland: A Personal Initiation into Anthropology.

The following year, Kaj Birket-Smith, whom de Laguna had also met in Copenhagen, agreed to let her accompany him as his research assistant on his summer expedition to Prince William Sound and Cook Inlet. When Birket-Smith fell ill and was unable to go, de Laguna was determined to continue on with the trip. She convinced the University of Pennsylvania Museum to fund her trip to Alaska to survey potential excavation sites and took as her assistant her 20 year old brother, Wallace, who became a geologist. A close family, de Laguna's brother and mother would later accompany her on other research trips.

In 1931, the University of Pennsylvania Museum hired de Laguna to catalogue Eskimo collections. They again financed her work in Cook Inlet that year as well as the following year. In 1933, she earned her PhD from Columbia and led an archaeological and ethnological expedition of the Prince William Sound with Birket-Smith. They coauthored "The Eyak Indians of the Copper River Delta, Alaska," published in 1938. In 1935, de Laguna led an archaeological and geological reconnaissance of middle and lower Yukon Valley, traveling down the Tanana River. Several decades later, the 1935 trip contributed to two of her books: Travels Among the Dena, published in 1994, and Tales From the Dena, published in 1997.

In 1935 and 1936, de Laguna worked briefly as an Associate Soil Conservationist, surveying economic and social conditions on the Pima Indian Reservation in Arizona. She later returned to Arizona during the summers to conduct research and in 1941, led a summer archaeological field school under the sponsorship of Bryn Mawr College and the Museum of Northern Arizona.

By this time, de Laguna had already published several academic articles and was also the author of three fiction books. Published in 1930, The Thousand March: Adventures of an American Boy with the Garibaldi was her historical fiction book for juveniles. She also wrote two detective novels: The Arrow Points to Murder (1937) and Fog on the Mountain (1938). The Arrow Points to Murder is set in a museum based on her experiences at the University of Pennsylvania Museum and the American Museum of National History. Fog on the Mountain is set in Cook Inlet and draws upon de Laguna's experiences in Alaska. Both detective novels helped to finance her research.

De Laguna began her long career at Bryn Mawr College in 1938 when she was hired as a lecturer in the sociology department to teach the first ever anthropology course at the college. By 1950, she was chairman of the joint department of Sociology and Anthropology, and in 1967, the chairman of the newly independent Anthropology Department. She was also a visiting professor at the University of Pennsylvania (1947-1949; 1972-1976) and at the University of California, Berkeley (1959-1960; 1972-1973.)

During World War II, de Laguna took a leave of absence from Bryn Mawr College to serve in the naval reserve from 1942 to 1945. As a member of WAVES (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service), she taught naval history and codes and ciphers to women midshipmen at Smith College. She took great pride in her naval service and in her later years joined the local chapter of WAVES National, an organization for former and current members of WAVES.

In 1950, de Laguna returned to Alaska to work in the Northern Tlingit region. Her ethnological and archaeological study of the Tlingit Indians brought her back several more times throughout the 1950s and led to the publication of Under Mount Saint Elias in 1972. Her comprehensive three-volume monograph is still considered the authoritative work on the Yakutat Tlingit. In 1954, de Laguna turned her focus to the Atna Indians of Copper River, returning to the area in 1958, 1960, and 1968.

De Laguna retired from Bryn Mawr College in 1972 under the college's mandatory retirement policy. Although she suffered from many ailments in her later years including macular degeneration, she remained professionally active. Five decades after her first visit to Greenland, de Laguna returned to Upernavik in 1979 to conduct ethnographic investigations. In 1985, she finished editing George Thornton Emmons' unpublished manuscript The Tlingit Indians. A project she had begun in 1955, the book was finally published in 1991. In 1986, she served as a volunteer consultant archaeologist and ethnologist for the U. S. Forest Service in Alaska. In 1994, she took part in "More than Words . . ." Laura Bliss Spann's documentary on the last Eyak speaker, Maggie Smith Jones. By 2001, de Laguna was legally blind. Nevertheless, she continued working on several projects and established the Frederica de Laguna Northern Books Press to reprint out-of-print literature and publish new scholarly works on Arctic cultures.

Over her lifetime, de Laguna received several honors including her election into the National Academy Sciences in 1976, the Distinguished Service Award from AAA in 1986, and the Lucy Wharton Drexel Medal from the University of Pennsylvania in 1999. De Laguna's work, however, was respected by not only her colleagues but also by the people she studied. In 1996, the people of Yakutat honored de Laguna with a potlatch. Her return to Yakutat was filmed by Laura Bliss Spann in her documentary Reunion at Mt St. Elias: The Return of Frederica de Laguna to Yakutat.

At the age of 98, Frederica de Laguna passed away on October 6, 2004.

Sources Consulted

Darnell, Regna. "Frederica de Laguna (1906-2004)." American Anthropologist 107.3 (2005): 554-556.

de Laguna, Frederica. Voyage to Greenland: A Personal Initiation into Anthropology. New York: W.W. Norton Co, 1977.

McClellan, Catharine. "Frederica de Laguna and the Pleasures of Anthropology." American Ethnologist 16.4 (1989): 766-785.

Olson, Wallace M. "Obituary: Frederica de Laguna (1906-2004)." Arctic 58.1 (2005): 89-90.

Related Materials:

Although this collection contains a great deal of correspondence associated with her service as president of AAA, most of her presidential records can be found in American Anthropological Association Records 1917-1972. Also at the National Anthropological Archives are her transcripts of songs sung by Yakutat Tlingit recorded in 1952 and 1954 located in MS 7056 and her notes and drawings of Dorset culture materials in the National Museum of Canada located in MS 7265. The Human Studies Film Archive has a video oral history of de Laguna conducted by Norman Markel (SC-89.10.4).

Related collections can also be found in other repositories. The University Museum of the University of Pennsylvania holds materials related to work that de Laguna carried out for the museum from the 1930s to the 1960s. Materials relating to her fieldwork in Angoon and Yakutat can be found in the Rasmuson Library of the University of Alaska, Fairbanks in the papers of Francis A. Riddell, a field assistant to de Laguna in the early 1950s. Original photographs taken in the field in Alaska were deposited in the Alaska State Library, Juneau. Both the Archive of Folk Culture at the Library of Congress and the American Philosophical Library have copies of her field recordings and notes. The American Museum of Natural History has materials related to her work editing George T. Emmons' manuscript. De Laguna's papers can also be found at the Bryn Mawr College Archives.

Provenance:

These papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Frederica de Laguna.

Restrictions:

Some of the original field notes are restricted due to Frederica de Laguna's request to protect the privacy of those accused of witchcraft. The originals are restricted until 2030. Photocopies may be made with the names of the accused redacted.

Rights:

Contact repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Anthropology -- History  Search this

Genre/Form:

Manuscripts

Maps

Field notes

Correspondence

Photographs

Sound recordings

Citation:

Frederica de Laguna papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.1998-89

See more items in:

Frederica de Laguna papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3363424fd-e665-498b-a37c-9f4a81302a35

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1998-89

Creator:

Gellert, Hugo, 1892-1985  Search this

Names:

American Artists' Congress  Search this

Art of Today Gallery (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Artist's Committee of Action (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Artists Coordination Committee (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Artists Council  Search this

Artists for Victory, Inc.  Search this

Committee to Defend V.J. Jerome  Search this

Hungarian Word, Inc.  Search this

National Society of Mural Painters (New York, N.Y.)  Search this

Derkovits, Gyula, 1894-1934  Search this

Evergood, Philip, 1901-1973  Search this

Fast, Howard, 1914-2003  Search this

Fiene, Ernest, 1894-  Search this

Gellert, Ernest  Search this

Gellert, Lawrence, 1898-1979  Search this

Gottlieb, Harry, 1895-  Search this

Gropper, William, 1897-1977  Search this

Kent, Rockwell, 1882-1971  Search this

Lie, Jonas, 1880-1940  Search this

Refregier, Anton, 1905-  Search this

Reisman, Philip, 1904-  Search this

Sequenzia, Sofia  Search this

Extent:

6.9 Linear feet

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Interviews

Photographs

Date:

1916-1986

Summary:

The papers of graphic artist, muralist, and activist Hugo Gellert measure 6.9 linear feet and date from 1916 to 1986. They document his career as an artist and organizer for the radical political left through an interview, legal papers, financial records, family papers, artifacts, correspondence, writings, organizational records, extensive printed materials (many of them illustrated by Gellert), photographs, and artwork.

Scope and Content Note:

The papers of graphic artist, muralist, and activist Hugo Gellert measure 6.9 linear feet and date from 1916 to 1986. They document his career as an artist and organizer for the radical left through an oral interview conducted by Sofia Sequenzia, legal papers, financial records, family papers, artifacts, correspondence, writings, organizational records, clippings, exhibition catalogs, various printed materials illustrated by Gellert, pamphlets, periodicals, mass mailings, photographs, and artwork.

Biographical Material includes an audio interview with Gellert; official documents related to memberships, property, and legal matters; financial documents that include bills, receipts, and contracts related to professional activities; papers of Gellert's brothers, Lawrence and Ernest; and artifacts. Correspondence is with other artists, writers, publishers, activists, friends, and family, including Ernest Fiene, Rockwell Kent, Harry Gottlieb, William Gropper, Philip Evergood, Howard Fast, and Jonas Lie. Writings include essays, book projects, notes, and notebooks written by Gellert; and stories and articles by other authors, including typescripts of early twentieth-century Hungarian short stories collected by Gellert.

Organizational Records are related to political and art organizations in which Gellert was an active organizer, officer, and in some cases, a founder. Because of his central role in many of these organizations, records often contain unique documentation of their activities. Records are found for the American Artists Congress, the Art of Today Gallery, the Artists Committee of Action, the Artists Coordination Committee, the Artists Council, Artists for Victory, Inc., the Committee to Defend V.J. Jerome, Hungarian Word, Inc., the National Society of Mural Painters, and other organizations.

Printed materials include a variety of political publications and periodicals with illustrations by Gellert, including New Masses, Art Front, Magyar Szo, and American Dialog; clippings related to his career, exhibition catalogs, political pamphlets, Hungarian literature, and mass mailings received from political organizations. Photographs contain a few personal photographs but are mostly news and publicity photographs, many of which depict prominent Communists and other newsmakers. Artwork includes sketches, drawings, designs, prints, and production elements for Gellert's artwork, as well as prints and drawings by Philip Reisman, Gyula Derkovits, and Anton Refregier.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into 7 series:

Missing Title

Series 1: Biographical Material, 1917-1982 (Box 1 and OV 9; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 2: Correspondence, circa 1920-1986 (Boxes 1-2, 8; 0.8 linear feet)

Series 3: Writings, circa 1916-1970 (Boxes 2 and 8; 0.7 linear feet)

Series 4: Organizational Records, circa 1920-1977 (Boxes 3, 8, and OV 9; 1 linear foot)

Series 5: Printed Materials, circa 1920-1986 (Boxes 4-6, 8, and OV 9; 3 linear feet)

Series 6: Photographs, circa 1920-1959 (Boxes 6-7; 0.5 linear feet)

Series 7: Artwork, 1927-1981 (Box 7, OV 10; 0.4 linear feet)

Biographical Note:

Graphic artist, muralist, and activist Hugo Gellert was born Hugo Grünbaum in Budapest, Hungary in 1892, the oldest of six children. His family immigrated to New York City in 1906, eventually changing their family name to Gellert.

Gellert attended art school at Cooper Union and the National Academy of Design. As a student, he designed posters for movies and theater, and also worked for Tiffany Studios. A number of student art prizes with cash awards enabled him to travel to Europe in the summer of 1914, where he witnessed the outbreak of World War I, an experience which helped shape his political beliefs. Aesthetically, he was also influenced by a folk revival among Hungarian artists at the time of his trip, and was more impressed, he later said, with the street advertising in Paris than he was with the cubism he saw in the Louvre.

Returning to the United States, Gellert became involved in the Hungarian-American workers' movement, and contributed drawings to its newspaper, Elöre (Forward). He remained involved in Hungarian-American art and activism throughout his life, including membership in the anti-fascist group, the Anti-Horthy League. When members of the fascist Horthy government unveiled a statue of a Hungarian hero in New York in 1928, Gellert hired a pilot and dropped leaflets on the group, a stunt for which he was arrested. In the 1950s, Gellert served as director of Hungarian Word, Inc., a Hungarian-language publisher in New York.

Gellert's political commitment and art remained deeply intertwined throughout his life, as he continually sought to integrate his commitment to Communism, his hatred of fascism, and his dedication to civil liberties. Throughout the 1910s and 1920s, he contributed artwork to several magazines of the radical left, including Masses and its successors Liberator and New Masses, both of which featured Gellert's artwork on their inaugural issue. Through Masses, he came to know other radicals such as Mike Gold, John Reed, Louise Bryant, Max Eastman, Floyd Dell, Anton Refregier, William Gropper, Harry Gottlieb, Bob Minor, and Art Young, and with them he followed the events of the Bolshevik revolution in Russia with sympathy and growing political fervor.

His brother, Ernest Gellert, also a socialist and activist, was drafted into the military but refused to serve. He died of a gunshot wound under suspicious circumstances while imprisoned at Fort Hancock, New Jersey, as a conscientious objector. Traumatized by this event, Gellert fled to Mexico to avoid conscription. In 1920 to 1922, he taught art at the Stelton School in New Jersey, a radical, utopian community school. He participated in the cultural scene of Greenwich Village, working on set designs, publications, and graphic art for political productions. He founded the first John Reed Club in 1929 with a group of Communist artists and writers including Anton Refregier, Louis Lozowick, and William Gropper. Initially, the group held classes and exhibitions, and provided services for strikes and other working-class activism. Later, John Reed Clubs formed around the country and became a formal arm of the United States Communist Party (CPUSA).

In the late 1920s, Gellert became a member of the National Society of Mural Painters (which, partly due to Gellert's activism in the group, became the Mural Artists' Guild local 829 of the United Scenic Artists Union of the AFL-CIO in 1937. Other members included Rockwell Kent, Anton Refregier, Arshile Gorky, and Marion Greenwood). In 1928, he created a mural for the Worker's Cafeteria in Union Square, NY. Later murals include the Center Theater in Rockefeller Center, the National Maritime Union Headquarters, the Hotel and Restaurant Workers' Union Building, NYC, the interior of the Communications Building at the 1939 World's Fair, and the Seward Park Housing Project in 1961.

In 1932, Gellert was invited to participate in a mural exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art, and submitted a political mural about the robber barons of contemporary American politics and industry called Us Fellas Gotta Stick Together - Al Capone. The museum attempted to censor the mural, along with the murals of William Gropper and Ben Shahn. Other artists threatened to boycott the exhibition over the censorship and were successful in restoring them to the show.

The cooperation of artists in this controversy foreshadowed a larger protest in 1934, organized by Gellert, Saul Belman, Stuart Davis, and Zoltan Hecht, when Diego Rivera's pro-labor mural was destroyed at Rockefeller Center. After the incident, the group formed the Artists' Committee of Action and continued to fight censorship and advocate for artists' interests and welfare. They also co-published the magazine Art Front with the Artists' Union, a labor organization. Gellert served for a time as editor of Art Front, and chairman of the Artists' Committee of Action.

Gellert was active in producing both art and strategic policy for the cultural arm of the CPUSA, and he worked to mobilize the non-communist left, often referred to as the Popular Front. In 1933 he illustrated Karl Marx's Capital in Lithographs, and in 1935, he wrote a Marxist, illustrated satire called Comrade Gulliver, An Illustrated Account of Travel into that Strange Country the United States of America. Other published graphic works include Aesop Said So (1936) and a portfolio of silkscreen prints entitled Century of the Common Man (1943).

Other artist groups he helped to found and/or run include the American Artist's Congress, a Communist organization founded with Max Weber, Margaret Bourke-White, Stuart Davis, Yasuo Kuniyoshi, Harry Sternberg, and others, which held symposia and exhibitions between 1936 and 1942; the Artists' Coordination Committee, an umbrella group of national organizations which sought protections for federally-employed and unionized artists; Artists for Victory, Inc., which formed in 1942 to mobilize artists in support of the war effort; and the Artists' Council, formed after the war to advocate for artists' welfare and employment.

Gellert maintained his loyalty to the Communist party throughout the post-war period despite growing disillusionment in the Popular Front over the actions of Josef Stalin, and despite the intense anti-communist crusades in the late 1940s and 1950s. He was investigated by the House of Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) and was nearly deported. He spent a number of years during this period in his wife's native Australia. Returning to the United States in the early 1950s, he threw his efforts into the defense of others who faced prison, deportation, and the blacklist following the HUAC hearings. He established The Committee to Defend V.J. Jerome in 1951 when Jerome, the cultural commissioner of CPUSA, was convicted under the Smith Act. The writer Dorothy Parker was the group's treasurer.

In 1954, Gellert established the Art of Today Gallery in New York City with Rockwell Kent and Charles White to provide an exhibition venue for blacklisted artists. Exhibitions included Maurice Becker, Henry Glintenkamp, Harry Gottlieb, Kay Harris, and Rockwell Kent. Gellert served as the gallery's secretary until it closed in 1957.

In the 1960s until his death in 1985, Gellert continued his activism through involvement in grassroots political organizations. Unlike many of his radical contemporaries, Gellert lived to see the revival of some of the ideas of the progressive era of the thirties in the countercultural years of the late 1960s and early 1970s. There were retrospectives of his work in Moscow in 1967 and in his native Budapest in 1968, and he appeared in Warren Beatty's film Reds in 1981.

Sources used for this essay include James Wechsler's 2003 dissertation "The Art and Activism of Hugo Gellert: Embracing the Spectre of Communism," his essay "From World War I to the Popular Front: The Art and Activism of Hugo Gellert," ( Journal of Decorative and Propaganda Arts number 24, Spring 2002), and Jeff Kisseloff's biographical essay for the 1986 Hugo Gellert exhibition at the Mary Ryan Gallery.

Related Material:

Among the holdings of the Archives of American Art are an oral history with Hugo Gellert from 1984, a recording of a lecture Gellert gave at the Whitney Museum of American Art in 1985, and additional records of Artists for Victory, Inc., 1942-1946.

The Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University holds additional papers of Hugo Gellert.

Provenance:

A portion of the papers were donated in 1970 by Hugo Gellert. Additional papers were donated by Gellert and his wife, Livia Cinquegrana, in 1983 and 1986.

Restrictions:

The collection has been digitized and is available online via AAA's website.

Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Topic:

Artists' writings  Search this

Politics in art  Search this

Works of art  Search this

Muralists -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Graphic artists -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Illustrators -- New York (State) -- New York  Search this

Genre/Form:

Interviews

Photographs

Citation:

Hugo Gellert papers, 1916-1986. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing and digitization of this collection was provided by the Terra Foundation for American Art

Identifier:

AAA.gellhugo

See more items in:

Hugo Gellert papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9eb96ed42-b751-47f6-a0ca-038014c8800e

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-aaa-gellhugo

Creator:

Arensberg, Conrad M. (Conrad Maynadier), 1910-1997  Search this

Names:

Brooklyn College  Search this

Columbia University  Search this

Harvard University  Search this

Massachusetts Institute of Technology  Search this

Correspondent:

Appell, George N.  Search this

Beatty, John  Search this

Chapple, Eliot D.  Search this

Comitas, Lambros  Search this

Coon, Carleton S. (Carleton Stevens), 1904-1981  Search this

Curry, Donald  Search this

Dillon, Wilton  Search this

Ehrich, Robert W.  Search this

Fried, Morton H. (Morton Herbert), 1923-1986  Search this

Gamburd, Geraldine DeNering  Search this

Garrison, Vivian, 1933-2013  Search this

Goodell, Grace E.  Search this

Halpern, Joel Martin  Search this

Haskell, Edward F.  Search this

Iberall, Arthur S.  Search this

Kimball, Solon T.  Search this

Landes, Ruth, 1908-1991  Search this

Lomax, Alan, 1915-2002  Search this

Mencher, Joan P., 1930-  Search this

Niehoff, Arthur H., 1921-  Search this

Richardson, Frederick L.W.  Search this

Steward, Julian Haynes, 1902-1972  Search this

Tax, Sol, 1907-1995  Search this

Tootell, Geoffrey M. B. (Geoffrey Matthew Bemis)  Search this

Warner, William Lloyd  Search this

Whyte, William Foote, 1914-2000  Search this

Winner, Irene  Search this

Zenner, Walter P.  Search this

Extent:

33.3 Linear feet (83 document boxes)

Culture:

Irish  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Periodicals

Lecture notes

Reports

Syllabi

Photographs

Field notes

Correspondence

Place:

India

Europe

Ireland

Date:

1931-1997

Summary:

This collection contains the professional papers of Conrad M. Arensberg, anthropologist, university professor, and anthropological consultant. Included are correspondence; published and unpublished writings; research materials, including notes, correspondence, diaries, charts, drafts, interviews, research plans, reports, project proposals, and bibliographic cards; speeches; pamphlets; articles from newspapers and periodicals; course materials, including bibliographies, lecture notes, reading lists, assignments, exams, project proposals, and syllabi; curriculum vitae; date books; scholarly papers and publications of other scholars; and photographs.

Scope and Contents:

This collection contains the professional papers of Conrad M. Arensberg, anthropologist, university professor, and anthropological consultant. Included are correspondence; published and unpublished writings; research materials, including notes, correspondence, diaries, charts, drafts, interviews, research plans, reports, project proposals, and bibliographic cards; speeches; pamphlets; articles from newspapers and periodicals; course materials, including bibliographies, lecture notes, reading lists, assignments, exams, project proposals, and syllabi; curriculum vitae; date books; scholarly papers and publications of other scholars; and photographs.

The materials in this collection document Arensberg's career as a university professor, his relationships with colleagues across a spectrum of disciplines, and his contributions to the field of anthropology. As a respected member of the anthropological community, Arensberg received a voluminous amount of correspondence from his peers, who often included copies of their most recent papers. He kept many of these works, which, along with his annotations, can be found throughout the collection. It appears he used these papers in a variety of ways, including as resources for his classes or as reference materials. Arensberg's own work is reflected in his writings and research files. Arensberg's Ireland research, despite its importance to his career and to the field of anthropology as a whole, has a minimal presence in the collection. Located in Series 3. Research Files, the subseries containing Arensberg's Ireland material primarily consists of photocopies of his correspondence, field notes, and diaries during this time. His role as a professor, rather than as a researcher or writer, is the most well-represented in the collection. Arensberg formed lasting relationships with many of his students, as evidenced by his continued correspondence with many of them long after their years at Columbia.

Arrangement:

The collection is organized into 8 series:

Series 1) Correspondence, 1933-1994

Series 2) Writings, 1936-1983

Series 3) Research files, 1931-1984

Series 4) Professional activities, 1933-1990

Series 5) Teaching files, 1938-1983

Series 6) Biographical files, 1946-1997

Series 7) Subject files, 1934-1979

Series 8) Photographs, undated

Biographical Note:

Conrad M. Arensberg was born on September 12, 1910 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Academically inclined from a young age, he graduated first in his class at Shadyside Academy in Pittsburgh. His early success earned him admittance to Harvard College. Arensberg studied anthropology and graduated summa cum laude in 1931.

As a graduate student at Harvard University, Arensberg was asked to join a project being conducted in Ireland by Harvard's Anthropology Department. Alongside W. Lloyd Warner and Solon T. Kimball, Arensberg spent three years studying rural Irish life in County Clare. This research resulted in his doctoral dissertation, "A Study in Rural Life in Ireland as Determined by the Functions and Morphology of the Family," which was later published as The Irish Countryman in 1937. His work was groundbreaking in the field of anthropology, and his study of County Clare "became a model for other community studies... requiring that researchers study a target culture from the inside, making meticulous notes on everything they saw, heard or experienced." Arensberg reshaped the way that anthropologists approached fieldwork and opened doors for the study of modern industrial societies.

Arensberg had a long teaching career. He first became a university professor in 1938 at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and remained a professor for the rest of his life, teaching at MIT, Brooklyn College, Barnard College, Columbia University, the University of Florida, and the University of Virginia. At Columbia, Arensberg worked alongside such notable anthropologists as Margaret Mead, Charles Wagley, and Marvin Harris.

Arensberg officially retired in 1979, but he continued to collaborate with his colleagues, counsel past students, and participate in professional associations until his death. He passed away on February 10, 1997 in Hazlet, New Jersey.

Sources Consulted

Comitas, Lambros. 2000. "Conrad Maynadier Arensberg (1910-1997)." American Anthropologist 101(4): 810-813.

Curriculum Vitae—Amended Posthumously. Series 6. Biographical Files. Conrad M. Arensberg papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.

Thomas, Robert McG. Jr. 1997. "Conrad Arensberg, 86, Dies; Hands-On Anthropologist." New York Times, February 16: 51.

Chronology

1910 September 12 -- Born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

1931 -- B.A. from Harvard College

1932-1934 -- Traveled to Ireland to study rural life in County Clare as part of the Harvard Irish Mission

1933-1936 -- Junior Fellow, The Society of Fellows, Harvard University

1933-1994 -- Member and Fellow, American Anthropological Association

1934 -- Ph.D. in Anthropology from Harvard University

1937 -- Published The Irish Countryman, the result of his work in Ireland

1938-1940 -- Occasional consultant, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Bureau of American Ethnology

1938-1941 -- Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences and Economics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

1940 -- Founded (with others) the Society for Applied Anthropology

1941-1946 -- Associate Professor and Chairman, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, Brooklyn College

1943-1946 -- Captain, Major, AUS, Military Intelligence Service

1946-1952 -- Associate Professor of Sociology, Chairman (until 1949) Department of Sociology, Barnard College, Columbia University

1951-1952 -- Research Director, UNESCO, Institute for the Social Sciences, Cologne, Germany

1951-1952 -- Editor, Point Four Manual, American Anthropological Association

1952-1953 -- Associate Professor of Anthropology, The Graduate Faculty of Political Science, Columbia University

1953-1970 -- Professor of Anthropology, Chairman (1956-1959), Department of Anthropology, Columbia University

1962-1978 -- Co-Director (with Alan Lomax) of Columbia University's Cross-Cultural Surveys of Social Structure and Expressive Behavior

1970-1979 -- Buttenwieser Professor of Human Relations, Columbia University

1979-1997 -- Buttenwieser Professor Emeritus of Human Relations, Columbia University

1980 -- President, American Anthropological Association

1991 -- First recipient, "Conrad M. Arensberg Award" of the Society for the Anthropology of Work

1997 February 10 -- Died in Hazlet, New Jersey

Related Materials:

Arensberg is listed as a correspondent in the following collections at the Smithsonian Institution's National Anthropological Archives: John Lawrence Angel papers; Papers of Carleton Stevens Coon; Ethel Cutler Freeman papers; Frederica de Laguna papers; Ruth Landes papers; William Duncan Strong papers.

For oral history interviews with Arensberg, see the following collections:

-The Smithsonian Institution's Human Studies Film Archives "Video Dialogues in Anthropology: Conrad Arensberg and Lambros Comitas, 1989." In this video oral history conducted by anthropologist Lambros Comitas, Arensberg comments on his training in anthropology, the individuals who were influential in his career, and the geographical areas where he conducted his fieldwork.

-The National Anthropological Archives Manuscript (MS) 2009-15. May Mayko Ebihara conducted this oral history interview with Arensberg on March 7, 1984 as part of a larger oral history project with anthropologists.

For more concerning Arensberg's work with interaction theory, see the Frederick L.W. Richardson papers at the National Anthropological Archives. Richardson worked closely with Eliot Chapple and Conrad Arensberg on theories concerning human interaction.

For correspondence and other information related to Arensberg's Ireland research, see: Solon Toothaker Kimball Papers, Special Collections, Teachers College, Columbia University; and Solon Toothaker Kimball Papers, The Newberry Library, Chicago.

Additional materials concerning Arensberg's research and personal life can be found among the papers of his wife, anthropologist Vivian "Kelly" Garrison. See the Vivian E. Garrison papers at the National Anthropological Archives.

Provenance:

These papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by Vivian E. Garrison Arensberg in 2011.

Restrictions:

The Conrad M. Arensberg papers are open for research.

Files containing Arensberg's students' grades have been restricted, as have his students' and colleagues' grant and fellowships applications. For preservation reasons, the computer disk containing digital correspondence files from Joel Halpern is restricted.

Access to the Conrad M. Arensberg papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Peasants  Search this

Management  Search this

Ethnology  Search this

Ethnic groups  Search this

Family  Search this

Urban policy  Search this

Social interaction  Search this

Industrial relations  Search this

Political anthropology  Search this

Linguistics  Search this

Applied anthropology  Search this

Economic anthropology  Search this

Genre/Form:

Periodicals

Lecture notes

Reports

Syllabi

Photographs

Field notes

Correspondence

Citation:

Conrad M. Arensberg papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

The papers of Conrad M. Arensberg were processed with the assistance of a Wenner-Gren Foundation Historical Archives Program grant awarded to Vivian E. Garrison Arensberg.

Identifier:

NAA.2011-17

See more items in:

Conrad M. Arensberg papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw37ac2b245-98ed-4b7c-a620-cb61f8d237ec

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2011-17

Correspondent:

Fallers, Lloyd  Search this

Evans-Pritchard, Edward Evans  Search this

Forde, Cyril Daryll, 1902-  Search this

Godelier, Maurice  Search this

Fortes, Meyer  Search this

Hansen, Judith  Search this

Goody, Jack  Search this

Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978  Search this

Herskovits, Melville J. (Melville Jean), 1895-1963  Search this

Merriam, Alan P. (Alan Parkhurst), 1923-1980  Search this

Fenton, William N. (William Nelson), 1908-2005  Search this

Winter, Edward H.  Search this

Tax, Sol, 1907-1995  Search this

Southall, Aidan, 1920-2009  Search this

Richards, Audrey  Search this

Peristiany, John  Search this

Narroll, Raoul  Search this

Murdock, George Peter, 1897-1985  Search this

Moore, Joseph G.  Search this

Bascom, William Russell, 1912-1981  Search this

Creator:

Schneider, Harold Kenneth, 1925-1987  Search this

Names:

Society for Economic Anthropology (U.S.)  Search this

Extent:

21 Sound tape reels

10.3 Linear feet

Culture:

Suk (African people)  Search this

Pokot  Search this

Turu  Search this

Nyaturu (African people)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Sound tape reels

Place:

Africa

Date:

1919-1960

bulk 1949-1960

Summary:

Harold K. Schneider was an economic anthropologist specialized in Africa. He was trained at Northwestern University (Ph.D., 1953) and taught at Lawrence University (1953-1970) and Indiana University (1970-1987). The Schneider papers comprise mainly sets of documents relating to fieldwork in East Africa. The collection includes a few original fieldnotes, complete copies of expanded typscript versions of the notes, collations of data on subject categories, lexicons and other linguistic material, indexes, maps, and a few photographs. Also among the material are translations of German sources and copies of notes based on archival material, particularly material produced in colonial district offices. A small quantity of material concerning Africa generally reflects Schneider's broad interest in Africa and African pastoral economies.

Scope and Contents:

The papers of Harold K. Schneider are primarily comprised of documents relating to his fieldwork in East Africa. One part concerns the Pokot (Suk), a pastoral people of Kenya, among whom Schnieder conducted fieldwork in 1951-1952 and about whom he wrote his dissertation. Another part concerns the Turu, a pastoral people of Tanzania, whom Schneider visited in 1959-1960.

The collection includes original fieldnotes, complete copies of expanded typescript versions of the notes, collations of data by subject categories, lexicons and other linguistic material, indexes, maps and a few photographs. Also among the materials are translations of German documents, copies of archival items, and notes from archival research, especially in records of colonial district offices. A small quantity of material concerning Africa in general reflects Schneider's broad interests in Africa and African pastoral economies. There are also a number of sound recordings, mainly recordings of Schneider's own lectures but also including a lecture by historian George Stocking.

There is also an alphabetical file based on personal names that includes correspondence, obituaries and publications. Notable contacts include William R. Bascom, G. Boulogne, John Bucklew, Stephan Borhegyi, E.E. Evans-Pritchard, Father Delbert Ewing, Lloyd A. Fallers, George Fathauer, William N. Fenton, Daryll Forde, Meyer Fortes, H.A. Fosbrooke, Padraic Frucht, Alexander Galloway, James Gibbs, Maurice Godelier, J.R. Good, Melville J. Herskovits, Hubert H. Humphrey, Father Raymond F. Kelly, Edward E. LeClair, Jr., Alan P. Merriam, James Moody, Joseph G. Moore, Leonard Moss, Raoul Narroll, Maxine Nimitz, J. Peristiany, Nathan M. Pusey, Audry I. Richards, Chandler W. Rowe, Aidan W. Southall, Kathleen Stahl, Roy Swanson, Curtis W. Tarr, Sol Tax, and E.H. Winter.

Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into 6 series: 1. Personal name file (includes correspondence); 2. Pokot Material; 3. Turu Material; 4. Other Materials (comprising draft manuscripts, conference papers, lecture notes and typescripts of Turu fieldnotes; 5. General Africa Materials; 6. Sound recordings.

Biographical Note:

Harold K. Schneider was an economic anthropologist who specialized in Africa. He began his undergraduate studies at Macalester College, attended Seabury-Western Theological Seminary (1946-48), then returned to Macalester to complete his degree, majoring in sociology with a minor in biology (B.A., 1949). He received his Ph.D. in anthropology from Northwestern University (where he studied with Melville Herskovits) in 1953. Following his fieldwork among the Pokot of Kenya, Scheider accepted a position as instructor of anthropology at Lawrence University (1953-1970). He conducted fieldwork among the Turu of Tanzania in 1959-60, from which he further developed his theories in economic anthropology. He served as the president of the Central States Anthropological Society (1965); as founding president of the Society for Economic Anthropology (1982-84); and as associate editor for American Ethnologist (1980-84). In 1970, he joined the faculty of Indiana University, where he remained until his death on May 2, 1987.

1925 -- Born in Aberdeen, South Dakota, on August 24, 1925

1946-48 -- Attends Seabury-Western Theological Seminary

1949 -- Receives his B.A. in sociology from Macalester College

1948 -- Marries Carol Snyder on September 11, 1948

1951-52 -- Receives a Fulbright grant to conduct fieldwork among the Pokot (Suk) of Kenya

1953 -- Receives his Ph.D. in Anthropology from Northwestern University

1953-70 -- Begins as an Instructor at Lawrence University

1959-60 -- Receives the National Science Foundation research grant to conduct fieldwork among the Turu of Tanzania

1961 -- Chairman of the anthropology department at Lawrence University

1965 -- President of the Central States Anthropological Society

1970 -- Professor of Anthropology at Indiana University at Bloomington

1980-84 -- Associate editor for American Ethnologist

1980-82 -- First president of the Society for Economic Anthropology

1987 -- Remains employed at Indiana University until his death on May 2.

Separated Materials:

Films from this collection were transferred to the Human Studies Film Archives (Harold K. Schneider films, HSFS.1995.06).

Provenance:

Received from Carol S. Schneider in 1987 and 1994.

Restrictions:

The Harold K. Schneider papers are open for research.

Access to the Harold K. Schneider papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Uriha -- Turu  Search this

Language and languages -- Documentation  Search this

Citation:

Harold K. Schneider Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Digitization and preparation of a portion of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund

Identifier:

NAA.1994-19

See more items in:

Harold K. Schneider papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a1cf8d11-6455-451c-aec1-c3c0aca1c17c

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-1994-19

Collection Creator:

Hills, Patricia  Search this

Extent:

0.9 Linear feet (Box 39)

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1974-2019

Scope and Contents:

The teaching files series contains syllabi and course materials related to Hills' role as an instructor, as both adjunct and visiting faculty at various institutions, and later during her tenure at Boston University. Also included is correspondence related to teaching including theses and dissertations defended with Hills as a reader.

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Writings by Patricia Hills: The donor has retained all intellectual rights, including copyright, that she may own.

Collection Citation:

Patricia Hills Papers, circa 1900-2022, bulk 1968-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

AAA.hillspat, Series 9

See more items in:

Patricia Hills papers

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9fbd0b2cc-ed31-46a7-9b0d-e2bb654af4ea

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-hillspat-ref1302

Collection Creator:

Hills, Patricia  Search this

Container:

Box 39, Folder 3

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1982-2014

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Writings by Patricia Hills: The donor has retained all intellectual rights, including copyright, that she may own.

Collection Citation:

Patricia Hills Papers, circa 1900-2022, bulk 1968-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Patricia Hills papers

Patricia Hills papers / Series 9: Teaching Files

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9203c17f9-f32a-4367-afb6-56abb40f1fdd

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-hillspat-ref1305

Collection Creator:

Hills, Patricia  Search this

Container:

Box 31, Folder 18

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 2009-2012

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Writings by Patricia Hills: The donor has retained all intellectual rights, including copyright, that she may own.

Collection Citation:

Patricia Hills Papers, circa 1900-2022, bulk 1968-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Patricia Hills papers

Patricia Hills papers / Series 4: Boston University Files / Fundraising

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw93af71551-a958-49aa-abac-5b46ed9bd0ba

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-hillspat-ref948

Collection Creator:

Hills, Patricia  Search this

Container:

Box 43, Folder 39

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1970-1971

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Writings by Patricia Hills: The donor has retained all intellectual rights, including copyright, that she may own.

Collection Citation:

Patricia Hills Papers, circa 1900-2022, bulk 1968-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Patricia Hills papers

Patricia Hills papers / Series 2: Project Files / Eastman Johnson / Writings

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9331f963f-f4dd-4ae6-a661-4b188bec5176

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-hillspat-ref1506

Collection Creator:

Hills, Patricia  Search this

Container:

Box 43, Folder 40

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1969-1971

Collection Restrictions:

This collection is temporarily closed to researchers due to archival processing. Contact Reference Services for more information.

Collection Rights:

The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Writings by Patricia Hills: The donor has retained all intellectual rights, including copyright, that she may own.

Collection Citation:

Patricia Hills Papers, circa 1900-2022, bulk 1968-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Patricia Hills papers

Patricia Hills papers / Series 2: Project Files / Eastman Johnson / Writings

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Art

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw905f47eb0-136d-473d-b0eb-2ee6e0a186e4

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aaa-hillspat-ref1507

Donor Name:

No Information  Search this

Length - Object:

78 cm

Width - Object:

12.5 cm

Culture:

Athabascan (Athabaskan) (?)  Search this

Object Type:

Knife Sheath

Place:

United States (not certain), North America

Accession Date:

1991

Topic:

Ethnology  Search this

Accession Number:

999999

USNM Number:

ET1843-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/3b653d88d-f1ea-43c2-ae92-fe8d950f520f

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8497627