Search Results

Landscape architect:

Evelyn, John  Search this

Former owner:

Arundel, Thomas Howard Earl of  Search this

Collection Creator:

Garden Club of America  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Albury Park (Guildford, Surrey, England)

United Kingdom -- England -- Surrey -- Guildford

Scope and Contents:

The folder includes a worksheet and photocopies of articles about the garden.

General:

Designed by John Evelyn in the mid- to late 17th century, the gardens at Albury Park owed much to the vision of owner Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. Working in the spirit of the Renaissance, Evelyn attempted to create something comparable to the Italian gardens of the previous century, highlighting terraces, water features, and classical sculpture. Two 400-yard-long terraces remain today. The upper terrace includes a semi-circular arcaded bay, overlooking a pool. This bay forms the entrance to a grotto and leads to a tunnel through the hillside. The lower terrace has a central doorway leading to an underground bathhouse. Many changes to Evelyn's original design were made in the 1920s, including draining of a long,rectangular canal below the terraces and the planting of many trees. Albury Park was visited during the Garden Club of America's June 1929 tour to England. A complete copy of the GCA tour itinerary was printed in the Bulletin of the Garden Club of America (Fourth Series, No. 5), September 1929, pp. 6-25.

Persons associated with the garden include: John Evelyn (landscape architect, ca. 1655-1670); and Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel (former owner, 17th century).

Related Materials:

Albury Park related holdings consist of 1 folder (5 glass lantern slides)

Collection Restrictions:

Access to original images by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:

Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens.

Topic:

Gardens -- England -- Surrey -- Guildford  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Identifier:

AAG.GCA, File ENG002

See more items in:

The Garden Club of America collection

The Garden Club of America collection / Series 2: International Garden Images / United Kingdom -- England

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Gardens

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref4468

Architect:

Barry, Charles Sir, 1795-1860  Search this

Landscape architect:

Barry, Charles Sir, 1795-1860  Search this

Former owner:

Sutherland, George Granville Leveson-Gower Duke of, 1786-1861  Search this

Astor, Waldorf Astor Viscount, 1879-1952  Search this

Astor, Nancy Witcher Langhorne Astor Viscountess, 1879-1964  Search this

Gardener:

Fleming, John  Search this

Bridgeman, Charles  Search this

Garden designer:

Jellicoe, Geoffrey Sir, 1900-1996  Search this

Collection Creator:

Garden Club of America  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Cliveden (Taplow, Maidenhead, Berkshire, England)

United Kingdom -- England -- Berkshire -- Maidenhead -- Taplow

Scope and Contents:

The folder includes worksheets, photocopied book excerpts, and additional information about the house and garden.

General:

Cliveden is an historically significant estate set on 130-foot high banks above the River Thames, with its grounds sloping down to the river. Comprising about 375 acres, the estate's current mansion was built in 1851 by architect Charles Barry for George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, the 2nd Duke of Sutherland. Notable owners in the early 20th century included Waldorf and Nancy Astor. The estate's gardens include about 180 acres, while the rest of the property is woodland and paddocks. Highlights of the gardens include a formal four-acre parterre, topiary, a water garden, an herbaceous plant "Secret" garden (replacing an earlier rose garden designed by Geoffrey Jellicoe), a lime tree avenue, and a maze. Temples, pavilions, follies, and sculpture complement the plant material. The property is currently owned by the National Trust (Great Britain), which leases the mansion as a hotel. Cliveden was visited during the Garden Club of America's June 1929 tour to England. A complete copy of the GCA tour itinerary was printed in the Bulletin of the Garden Club of America (Fourth Series, No. 5), September 1929, pp. 6-25.

Persons associated with the property include Sir Charles Barry (architect and landscape architect, 1851); George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 2nd Duke of Sutherland (former owner, 1850-1861); John Fleming (gardener, ca. 1851); Charles Bridgeman (gardener, ca. 1720); Waldorf and Nancy Astor, Viscount and Viscountess Astor (former owners, 1906-1942); and Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe (garden designer, 1959).

Related Materials:

Cliveden related holdings consist of 1 folder (6 lantern slides)

Collection Restrictions:

Access to original images by appointment only. Researcher must submit request for appointment in writing. Certain items may be restricted and not available to researchers. Please direct reference inquiries to the Archives of American Gardens: aag@si.edu.

Collection Rights:

Archives of American Gardens encourages the use of its archival materials for non-commercial, educational and personal use under the fair use provision of U.S. copyright law. Use or copyright restrictions may exist. It is incumbent upon the researcher to ascertain copyright status and assume responsibility for usage. All requests for duplication and use must be submitted in writing and approved by Archives of American Gardens.

Topic:

Gardens -- England -- Berkshire -- Maidenhead -- Taplow  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Institution, Archives of American Gardens, The Garden Club of America collection.

Identifier:

AAG.GCA, File ENG006

See more items in:

The Garden Club of America collection

The Garden Club of America collection / Series 2: International Garden Images / United Kingdom -- England

Archival Repository:

Archives of American Gardens

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-aag-gca-ref4476

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 4, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref103

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 8, Folder 7

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref210

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 12, Folder 22

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref325

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 13, Folder 11

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref338

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 2, Folder 6

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref51

Collection Creator:

Morehouse, Harold E., 1894-1973  Search this

Container:

Box 3, Folder 15

Type:

Archival materials

Text

Collection Restrictions:

No restrictions on access

Collection Rights:

Permissions Requests

Collection Citation:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies Collection, Acc. XXXX-0450, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection

Harold E. Morehouse Flying Pioneers Biographies collection / Series 1.1: Biographies of Flying Pioneers 1.1

Archival Repository:

National Air and Space Museum Archives

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0450-ref91

Published by:

Playbill, American, founded 1884  Search this

Written by:

James Baldwin, American, 1924 - 1987  Search this

Printed by:

Unidentified  Search this

Edited by:

Blake Ross  Search this

Subject of:

Lorraine Hansberry, American, 1930 - 1965  Search this

Kenny Leon, American, born 1956  Search this

Denzel Washington, American, born 1954  Search this

LaTanya Richardson Jackson, American, born 1949  Search this

Sophie Okonedo, British, born 1968  Search this

Ethel Barrymore Theatre, American, founded 1928  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper with metal

Dimensions:

H x W x D (2015.64.14.1 Closed): 8 9/16 × 5 3/8 × 3/16 in. (21.7 × 13.7 × 0.5 cm)

H x W x D (2015.64.14.1 Open): 8 9/16 × 10 3/8 × 7/8 in. (21.7 × 26.3 × 2.2 cm)

H x W x D (2015.64.14.2 Closed): 9 × 4 1/4 (22.8 × 10.8 × 0.1 cm)

H x W x D (2015.64.14.2 Open): 9 × 12 5/8 × 1 in. (22.8 × 32 × 2.5 cm)

L x W (2015.64.14.3): 9 1/16 × 4 1/16 in. (23 × 10.3 cm)

Type:

theater programs

Date:

April 2014

Topic:

African American  Search this

Actors  Search this

Broadway Theatre  Search this

Domestic life  Search this

Drama (Theatre)  Search this

Families  Search this

Poverty  Search this

Race discrimination  Search this

Race relations  Search this

Segregation  Search this

Theatre companies  Search this

Tragedy (Theatre)  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Kathleen M. Kendrick

Object number:

2015.64.14.1-.3

Restrictions & Rights:

Playbill used by permission. All rights reserved, Playbill Inc.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Memorabilia and Ephemera

Exhibition:

Taking the Stage

On View:

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Culture/Fourth Floor, 4 054

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd56bcb8360-0dcf-45bb-baf3-3795638a0ac4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2015.64.14.1-.3

Author:

King, Ron 1932-  Search this

Author:

Fisher, Roy 1930-  Search this

Jekyll, Walter Jamaican song and story  Search this

Circle Press  Search this

Smithsonian Libraries Artists' Books DSI  Search this

Physical description:

1 portfolio (15 unbound sections) color illustrations, music 45 x 34 x 12 cm

Type:

Books

Artists' books

Artists' books (books).)

Artists' books (books)

Private press books (Publishing)

Place:

England

London

Great Britain

Date:

1992

Topic:

Anansi (Legendary character)  Search this

Puppets  Search this

Rod puppets  Search this

Artists' books  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1026824

Author:

Foer, Jonathan Safran 1977-  Search this

Book designer:

De Bondt, Sara  Search this

Author:

Schulz, Bruno 1892-1942 Sklepy cynamonowe English  Search this

Smithsonian Libraries Artists' Books DSI  Search this

Publisher:

Visual Editions,  Search this

Physical description:

139 leaves, pages 137-139 22 cm

Type:

Books

Artists' books

Experimental fiction, American

Artists' books (books).)

Die cutting

Experimental fiction

Place:

England

Great Britain

Date:

2011

21st century

Topic:

Artists' books  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1042737

Author:

March, T C  Search this

Physical description:

vii, [1], 112, 16 pages, 1 unnumbered leaf of plates illustrations (some color), 1 color plate (wood engravings) 23 cm

Type:

Books

Pictorial bindings

Printed boards

Publishers' paper bindings

Wood engravings

Place:

Great Britain

Date:

1862

19th century

Topic:

Dried flower arrangement  Search this

Flower arrangement  Search this

Gardens--Design  Search this

Specimens  Search this

Color  Search this

Call number:

SB449 .M315 1862

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_271787

Artist:

Gilbert Stuart, 3 Dec 1755 - 9 Jul 1828  Search this

Sitter:

Rufus King, 24 Mar 1755 - 29 Apr 1827  Search this

Medium:

Oil on panel

Dimensions:

Panel: 77.5 x 64.8 x 0.3cm (30 1/2 x 25 1/2 x 1/8")

Frame: 108.6 x 95.9 x 11.4cm (42 3/4 x 37 3/4 x 4 1/2")

Type:

Painting

Date:

1819-1820

Topic:

Interior  Search this

Printed Material\Document  Search this

Home Furnishings\Furniture\Table  Search this

Home Furnishings\Furniture\Seating\Chair\Armchair  Search this

Rufus King: Male  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\State Legislator\New York  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\US Senator\New York  Search this

Rufus King: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Statesman\Signer of Constitution  Search this

Rufus King: Politics and Government\Vice-Presidential Candidate  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; this acquisition was made possible by a generous contribution from the James Smithson Society

Object number:

NPG.88.1

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:

Out of Many: Portraits from 1600 to 1900

On View:

NPG, East Gallery 140

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4639ebdf4-0917-4dd4-a8ed-11d2a87ccf42

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_NPG.88.1

Published by:

Playbill, American, founded 1884  Search this

Edited by:

Judy Samuelson  Search this

Subject of:

Anna Deavere Smith, American, born 1950  Search this

George Costello Wolfe, American, born 1954  Search this

Cort Theatre, American, founded 1912  Search this

Medium:

ink on paper with metal

Dimensions:

H x W x D (Closed): 8 3/8 × 5 7/16 × 1/8 in. (21.2 × 13.8 × 0.3 cm)

H x W x D (Open): 8 3/8 × 10 11/16 × 3/4 in. (21.2 × 27.1 × 1.9 cm)

Type:

theater programs

Place printed:

New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place used:

Crown Heights, Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America

Place depicted:

Los Angeles, California, United States, North and Central America

Date:

April 1994

Topic:

African American  Search this

Broadway Theatre  Search this

Drama (Theatre)  Search this

Justice  Search this

Race relations  Search this

Resistance  Search this

U.S. History, 1969-2001  Search this

Urban life  Search this

Violence  Search this

Credit Line:

Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Kathleen M. Kendrick

Object number:

2015.64.12

Restrictions & Rights:

Playbill used by permission. All rights reserved, Playbill Inc.

See more items in:

National Museum of African American History and Culture Collection

Classification:

Memorabilia and Ephemera

Exhibition:

Taking the Stage

On View:

NMAAHC (1400 Constitution Ave NW), National Mall Location, Culture/Fourth Floor, 4 054

Data Source:

National Museum of African American History and Culture

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57f7188d5-f979-4816-b77a-88a67a066e71

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmaahc_2015.64.12

Creator:

Pullman Palace Car Co.  Search this

Donor:

Pullman-Standard  Search this

Names:

Lincoln, Robert Todd  Search this

Pullman, George M., 1831-1897  Search this

Extent:

128.5 Cubic feet (147 boxes)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Glass plate negatives

Photographs

Date:

circa 1882-1955

Summary:

Collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily early railroad Americana, including interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design.

Scope and Contents:

The collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design. Historians, designers, railroad enthusiasts, model railroad hobbyists, scholars, and others will find this collection useful.

The glass plate negatives in this collection were produced using the wet collodion process, which was introduced to the United States in 1855 and used into the 1880s. The plates were coated with chemicals, sensitized, exposed and developed, all while the plate was wet. Later, Pullman photographers used the dry collodion process. This process involved using glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin. This process had shorter exposure times.

George Pullman assembled a variety of photographers to document his company's work. The photography was primarily used as a record of work, especially for the Operating Department and Manufacturing Department at Pullman, as well as for prospective corporate customers.

Before establishing an in-plant photographic department in 1888, Pullman relied on local photographers. Some of the photographers included John Jex Bardwell, Wylie Dennison, Henry R. Koopman, J. W. Taylor, Thomas S. Johnson, Wylie Dennison, John P. Van Vorst, Clayton Ford Smith, Joseph McAllister, Melvin C. Horn, Ernie Stutkus, and Donald J. O'Barski. Many of the photographers signed the glass plates using their initials. For example, John P. Van Vorst signed his J.P.V.V.

Photography of Pullman activities began in the Detroit Shops (property of the Detroit Car & Manufacturing Co. which was purchased by Pullman in 1873 and operated as the Detroit Shops of Pullman) in the 1870s and expanded to include photographing the town of Pullman, steel car construction, shop accidents, workers, panoramic views, and in some instances, for company publications. In-plant photography was started with Wylie Dennison in 1888. Dennison was the first full-time Pullman photographer, and he created the Pullman Photographic Department. Dennison instituted the practice of recording each photograph, noting the negative number, description of the car, the type of view (typically one interior view and one exterior view) and lot number. All of Dennison's photography was done outside in the daylight.

The negative numbers assigned to the glass plates were identified with a "lot" number. The lot number identified the production order, and in later years, the plan number was added, designating the layout of the car. Photographing one car out of each new lot was the intital practice, but over-time, the Photographic Department began taking six or more views of the interior and exterior as well as end views.

Lot numbers include:

Lots 1 - 500 (Pullman Car Works - Chicago)

Lots 1 - 500 (Detroit Car Works)

Lots 500 plus (can be freight and passenger mixed)

Lots 1000 to 4999 (Pullman passenger equipment)

Lots 5000 to 5999 (Pullman freight equipment)

Lots 5000 + Haskell and Barker (Pullman overlap)

Lots 6000 to 7000+ (Pullman and P-S passenger)

Lots 8000 to 9999 (Pullman freight equipment)

Lots 10000+ (Pullman freight equipment)

Series 1, Original prints, circa 1880-1949, are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. The original prints begin with number 7343 and end with number 33091. The photographs document Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private, and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior views of the cars, and there are some views of porters and passengers. There is some documentation of the workmen constructing the cars. The prints are primarily 8" by 10" black-and-white and were originally bound into books and backed on linen. The prints were unbound at some time. Many of the original prints bear an embossed stamp "Built by Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation Chicago." Some photographs are sepia-tone and there are no negatives for these prints.

Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955, consists of prints made from the glass plate negatives by the Smithsonian photographic services office. The copy prints were originally stored in loose binders but were re-housed into folders and arranged numerically according to the original Pullman Company number. The number is typically found in the lower right corner of the image. The copy prints are black-and-white and are either 5" x 7" or 8" x 10".

Series 3, Film negatives, 1917-1955, consists of film negatives (4" x 5" and 8" x 10") that are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. In some instances, information on the enclosure includes the type of car (e.g. sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). In some instances, "repro," or "broken glass" are recorded. For negatives that did not conform to the Pullman numbering system, the container list provides additional information. For example, Haskell and Barker Car Company (Haskell and Barker merged with the Pullman Company in 1922) machine shop views, or Pullman cars in St. Paul, Minnesota are recorded in the collection inventory listing.

Series 4, Glass plate negatives, [circa 1882-1948], is divided into two subseries, Subseries 1, 6" x 8" negatives and Subseries 2, 8" x 10" negatives. The series consists of approximately 13,500 glass plate negatives arranged by Pullman Company negative number. The negatives document primarily Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior and exterior views of the cars and some views of porters and passengers. The interior views include details such as seating, window treatments, lighting fixtures, bathroom fixtures, wood paneling, marquetry work, fabrics, floor treatments, and other furnishings. There is some documentation of the construction of the cars by workmen in the factory.

The negative numbers and lot numbers are etched on the glass plates. Overall the series is in good condition, although there are some broken plates which have been separated. The negatives are not inclusive and some plates are missing, or there are two copies. If plates are missing or additional copies exist, this is noted in the collection inventory. In some instances, plates are labeled 3937 and then 3937-A. This numbering distinguished two different views/angles of the same car.

Many of the envelope enclosures contain the negative number, sometimes preceed by the letter "P" (e.g. P9597), lot number (L4700), and in some instances, text describing the negative. Text typically includes the type of car (sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). If a copy print was created from the negative plate, the enclosure is stamped "printed." However, this practice was not consistent. Plates that were not printed are occasionally noted, but not with any consistency.

The 6" by 8" glass plates numbered 82-4130 to 82-4167, represent numbers assigned by the Office of Photographic Services, Smithsonian Institution. Previously labeled "Pullman" on the enclosures, the plates primarily document engines and passenger cars for the New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad, 1870-1890 and undated. The plates do not have Pullman negative numbers etched in the lower left or right corners and it is unclear if these plates belong to this collection.

Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated include bound, typescript indices to the Pullman negatives. Created by the National Museum of American History, Division of Transportation (now known as the Division of Work and Industry), the indices include listings by railroad, private cars, freight cars, street cars and rapid transit, and Pullman negatives. The indices provide the name of the railroad/railway (e.g. Chicago & Alton), type of car (e.g. coal car or box car), number, lot, remarks (e.g. baggage area), year, type of view (e.g. exterior or interior) and frame number (for the laser disc).

One index is a supplemental guide listing sepia tone prints for which no negative exists in our collection. The indices for the negative listings on laser discs one and two are available. However, the actual lasers discs are missing.

References

Horn, Don. "The Pullman Photographers," Railroad Heritage, No. 7, 2003, pp. 5-13.

Arnold, Rus. "This Negative File was a Sleeper." Technical Photography. May 1970, pp. 21-XX.

Pullman State Historic Site, http://www.pullman-museum.org/theCompany/timeline.html (last accessed April 18, 2011)

Arrangement:

The collection is arranged into five series.

Series 1, Original prints, 1904-1949

Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955

Series 3, Film negatives, undated

Series 4, Glass plate negatives, circa 1882-1948

Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated

Biographical / Historical:

Recognizing a market for luxurious rail travel, George M. Pullman, who had earlier experimented with sleeping car construction and was wealthy from the provisioning and transporting of Colorado miners in the early 1860s, incorporated the Pullman's Palace Car Company in 1867. By the 1870s his operations were already national and included the operation of sleeping cars under contract with the nation's railroads, the manufacture of cars at the Detroit Works, and the creation of subsidiary firms serving Great Britain and Europe. In the three decades before the turn of the century, the prosperous company grew enormously and included a much heralded model company town adjacent to the new car works at Pullman, Illinois. Acclaim turned to condemnation following the nationwide strike that originated at the Pullman Car Works in 1894. Pullman died in 1897, two years before his company absorbed its last major competitor, the Wagner Palace Car Company, which had been financed by the Vanderbilts.

The Pullman's Palace Car Company entered the twentieth century with a new name, the Pullman Company, and a new president, Robert Todd Lincoln. An extremely profitable virtual monopoly, the Pullman Company began replacing its wood cars with safer all steel bodied models (heavyweights) in its newly segregated manufacturing department and at the same time (1906) came under the regulation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. From 1918 to 1920, the United States Railroad Administration, citing the war emergency, assumed control of the operating arm of the firm, renamed the Pullman Car Lines for the duration of federal control.

The Pullman Company reached its peak during the 1920s, manufacturing new heavyweight cars at a rapid pace. Seeking to expand its freight car production, Pullman merged with the Haskell and Barker Car Company in 1922. Edward F. Carry and his Haskell and Barker associates assumed the presidency and other executive positions in the enlarged Pullman Company. More reorganization took place in 1924, when the Pullman Company Manufacturing Department became a distinct firm, the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation, and in 1927, when a parent or holding company, Pullman Incorporated, was created to oversee the two subsidiary firms. In 1929, following Carry's death, President David A. Crawford engineered the merger of the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation with the Standard Steel Car Company, forming the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company.

During the first three decades of the twentieth century Pullman sought to impede the unionization of its workers by offering new benefits, including a pension plan in 1914, a death benefit plan in 1922, and a plan of group insurance in 1929. F. L. Simmons' Industrial Relations Department, created in 1920, also directed the formation of company-sponsored occupationally-based unions under the plan of employee representation. A. Philip Randolph's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and other unions would not successfully organize company workers until the New Deal Railway Labor Act of 1934 forbade corporate interference in union matters. The Depression marked the end of Pullman prosperity. Both the number of car orders and sleeping car passengers declined precipitously. The firm laid off car plant and service workers, reduced fares, and introduced such innovations as the single occupancy section in an effort to fill its cars. During this decade the firm built fewer new cars, but it added air conditioning to its existing heavyweights and remodeled many into compartment sleepers.

In 1940, just as orders for lightweight cars were increasing and sleeping car traffic was growing, the United States Department of Justice filed an anti-trust complaint against Pullman Incorporated in the U. S. District Court at Philadelphia (Civil Action No. 994). The government sought to separate the company's sleeping car operations from its manufacturing activities. In 1944 the court concurred, ordering Pullman Incorporated to divest itself of either the Pullman Company (operating) or the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company (manufacturing). After three years of negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of fifty-seven railroads for around forty million dollars. Carroll R. Harding was named president of this new Pullman Company. The new Pullman Company started out optimistically in 1947 with good passenger traffic figures, but the years following brought steady and marked decline. Regularly scheduled lines were cancelled; all shops except St. Louis and Chicago were closed; employees were furloughed, and major railroad owners such as the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad totally or partially withdrew from service. On January 1, 1969, at the age of 102, the Pullman Company ceased operation, though it maintained a small central office staff to wind up affairs and handle an equal pay-for-equal-work lawsuit (Denver Case) that continued in the courts until 1981.

John H. White (1933-), historian and curator, collected the Pullman photographs in 1969. White was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated with a bachelors of arts in history from Miami University Ohio in 1958. Shortly after receiving his degree, He joined the staff of the Smithsonian Institution as Assistant Curator of the Division of Transportation, Department of Science and Technology, Museum of History and Technology. White later became Associate Curator of the Division, 1961-1966, Curator, 1967-1985, and Senior Historian, 1986-1989. White specialized in land transportation, particularly the history of railroads.

White worked closely with Arthur Detmers Dubin (1923-) to acquire the Pullman photographs for the museum. Dubin was an avid train enthusiast and collector, and he frequently used the Pullman "archives" for his own research on railroads. Dubin was born in Chicago, Illinois and began his architectural education at the University of Michigan in 1941 but his education was interrupted by World War II, and he served with distinction in the United States Army until 1946. After completing his studies in 1949, Dubin joined his father's and uncle's architectural firm, Dubin and Dubin, as a second--eneration architect. The leadership of the firm soon passed to Arthur and his brother, Martin David, and in 1965 they were joined by John Black and in 1966 by John Moutoussamy. Arthur's life--ong interest in trains and transportation and their implications for architecture is evident in transit stations commissions and service on transportation--elated advisory boards (Dubin was a member of the Illinois Railroad Commission), as well as in his writings and personal collections.

In July, 1966, Dubin contacted then Vice President of Public Relations at Pullman-Standard E. Preston Calvert about the history and future of the photographic negative plates. Dubin appealed to Calvert to preserve these materials. Dubin and White were also in contact by correspondence and in June, 1967, White contacted Calvert also, stating that the Chicago Historical Society or Illinois State Historical Society should be offered the plates as a first option. Failing a local Illinois repository accepting the materials, White indicated that the Smithsonian would accept the negatives.

During the spring of 1968, White, working with Dubin and Nora Wilson, editor of the company's publications, coordinated a visit by White to Chicago to examine the photographic negatives at the Pullman Car Works factory in south Chicago. In April 1968, White examined the vast collection of glass plate negatives (approximately 20,000). From April, 1968 to August, 1969, Pullman-Standard and the Smithsonian negotiated acquisition details, including shipping and related costs. In August, 1969, White returned to complete the task of sorting the glass plates, discarding broken plates, and weeding repetitive views. He selected approximately 13,500 glass plates. Views of Pullman towns were donated to the Chicago Historical Society. Dubin appraised the photographic plates and film negatives, presumably on behalf of Pullman-Standard, and estimated the plates to be worth between $54,000 and $67,500 dollars.

References

Historical note courtesy Martha T. Briggs and Cynthia H. Peters, Guide to Pullman Company Archives, The Newberry Library, Chicago, 1995.

Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Area Architects Oral History Project http://www.artic.edu/aic/resources/resource/734?search_id=1 (last accessed on February 23, 2011)

John H. White papers, 1959-1989, Record Unit 007384, Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C.

Telephone conversation of Alison Oswald, archivist, with John H. White, April 14, 2011.

Related Materials:

Materials in the Archives Center

Pullman Palace Car Company Materials, 1867-1979 (AC0181)

John H. White, Jr. Railroad Reference Collection, 1880s-1990 (AC0523)

Materials in Other Organizations

•Art Institute of Chicago

•Bombardier Corporation

•California State Railroad Museum

•Chicago History Museum

•Arthur Dubin Collection at Lake Forest College

•Illinois Railway Museum

•Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives

Pullman-Standard Railroad Car Manufacturing Company Personnel Records—Personnel Record Series CRA 314 This index of employee names was created from the original personnel cards housed at Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives from the Indiana locations. Although the records are not complete from the Michigan City plant for the entire period from 1912 to the 1970's, there may be information that will assist researchers with finding key details of a family member. The Hammond Pullman plant was merged with the Haskell Barker Company of Michigan City in 1922.

•Newberry Library, Chicago

The Pullman Company archives at the Newberry Library consists of 2,500 cubic feet of records from the Pullman Company and Pullman heirs. The collection is comprised of business archives of the Pullman Palace Car Company from 1867 and includes records of the entire firm up to the 1924 split into operating (sleeping car operation, service, and repair) and manufacturing companies. From 1924 to 1981 the records chronicle the activities of the operating company only.

•Pennsylvania State Archives

•Pullman State Historic Site

•Pullman Technology (Harvey, Illinois)

•Smithsonian Institution Archives

•South Suburban Genealogical & Historical Society (South Holland, Illinois)

Provenance:

The collection was donated by Pullman-Standard Company, through Nora Wilson, editor of employee publications for the Department of Public Relations and Advertising, on October 8, 1969.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Gloves must be worn when handling unprotected photographs and negatives. Special arrangements required to view original glass plate and film negatives due to cold storage. Using negatives requires a three hour waiting period. Contact the Archives Center at 202-633-3270. Unrestricted access to photographic prints and other portions of the collection.

Rights:

Copyright held by the Smithsonian Institution.

Topic:

Freight cars  Search this

Railroads -- Dining-car service  Search this

Roomette car  Search this

Hospital cars  Search this

Dining cars  Search this

Hotel car  Search this

Sleeping cars (Railroads)  Search this

Local transit  Search this

Genre/Form:

Glass plate negatives

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Acetate film -- 1890-1900

Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Acetate film -- 1900-1950

Citation:

Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

John and Ellen Thompson provided financial support for processing the collection.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1175

See more items in:

Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1175

Author:

Hall, Charles Francis, 1821-1871  Search this

Collection Creator:

Field, Cyrus  Search this

Hall, Charles Francis, 1821-1871  Search this

Franklin, John, 1786-1847  Search this

Royal Geographic Society.  Search this

Everett, Edward, 1794-1865  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (Ink on paper, 17.0" x 11".)

Container:

Box 1, Folder 2

Type:

Archival materials

Diaries

Place:

Arctic regions -- Discovery and exploration

Date:

1858 - 1863

Scope and Contents:

Scrapbook of Newspaper clippings on polar exploration.

Local Numbers:

AC0702-0000020

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Explorers  Search this

Genre/Form:

Diaries -- 19th century

Collection Citation:

Charles Francis Hall Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:

Charles Francis Hall Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0702-ref12

Artist:

Mather Brown, 7 Oct 1761 - 25 May 1831  Search this

Sitter:

Thomas Jefferson, 13 Apr 1743 - 4 Jul 1826  Search this

Medium:

Oil on canvas

Dimensions:

Stretcher: 90.8 × 72.4cm (35 3/4 × 28 1/2")

Frame (Verified): 102.2 x 82.2 x 5.7cm (40 1/4 x 32 3/8 x 2 1/4")

Type:

Painting

Place:

United Kingdom\England\Greater London\London

Date:

1786

Topic:

Interior  Search this

Printed Material\Papers  Search this

Artwork\Sculpture\Statue  Search this

Costume\Headgear\Hat\Cap\Phrygian cap  Search this

Human Figures\Symbolic Figure\Liberty  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Male  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Law and Law Enforcement\Lawyer  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Congressman\Continental congressman  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Statesman\Colonial Statesman\Signer of Declaration  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Vice-President of US  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Natural Resources\Agriculturist\Farmer  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Visual Arts\Architect  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\President of US  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Cabinet Member\Secretary of State  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Diplomat\Minister  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Science and Technology\Inventor  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\US Congressman\Virginia  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Politics and Government\Governor\Virginia  Search this

Thomas Jefferson: Education\Founder\University  Search this

Portrait  Search this

Credit Line:

National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; bequest of Charles Francis Adams; frame conserved with funds from the Smithsonian Women's Committee

Object number:

NPG.99.66

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

National Portrait Gallery Collection

Data Source:

National Portrait Gallery

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm48ff09ed3-ede7-4ee8-b6dc-9a56921712a6

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:npg_NPG.99.66

Medium:

Silver

Dimensions:

5 × 1 1/8 in. (12.7 × 2.9 cm)

Style:

Rococo Revival

Type:

Bouquet holders

Origin:

Great Britain, possibly

Date:

ca. 1830-1920

Period:

Victorian (1837-1901)

Topic:

bouquet holders  Search this

bouquetiers  Search this

porte-bouquets  Search this

porte-fleurs  Search this

Posy holders  Search this

silver  Search this

tussie-mussies  Search this

costume accessories  Search this

decorative arts  Search this

fashion  Search this

Victoriana  Search this

Credit Line:

Smithsonian Gardens, Horticultural Artifacts Collection. Gift of Frances Jones Poetker.

Accession number:

FJP.1987.002

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

Horticultural Artifacts Collection

Data Source:

Smithsonian Gardens

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/aq4f0914a25-7358-4dc7-a60d-79581d5c6594

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:hac_FJP.1987.002

Medium:

Brass, silver plating

Dimensions:

4 3/4 × 1 1/2 in. (12.1 × 3.8 cm)

Style:

Rococo Revival

Type:

Bouquet holders

Origin:

Birmingham, England, possibly

Date:

ca. 1830-1920

Period:

Victorian (1837-1901)

Topic:

bouquet holders  Search this

bouquetiers  Search this

porte-bouquets  Search this

porte-fleurs  Search this

Posy holders  Search this

tussie-mussies  Search this

costume accessories  Search this

decorative arts  Search this

fashion  Search this

Victoriana  Search this

Credit Line:

Smithsonian Gardens, Horticultural Artifacts Collection. Gift of Frances Jones Poetker.

Accession number:

FJP.1987.015

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

Horticultural Artifacts Collection

Data Source:

Smithsonian Gardens

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/aq41648ca59-dade-4e58-bb02-c0ceda453089

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:hac_FJP.1987.015

Medium:

Silver, mother of pearl

Dimensions:

5 3/4 × 1 in. (14.6 × 2.5 cm)

Style:

Naturalism

Type:

Bouquet holders

Origin:

Great Britain, possibly

Date:

ca.1830-1920

Period:

Victorian (1837-1901)

Topic:

bouquet holders  Search this

bouquetiers  Search this

mother of pearl  Search this

porte-bouquets  Search this

porte-fleurs  Search this

Posy holders  Search this

silver  Search this

tussie-mussies  Search this

costume accessories  Search this

decorative arts  Search this

fashion  Search this

Victoriana  Search this

Credit Line:

Smithsonian Gardens, Horticultural Artifacts Collection. Gift of Frances Jones Poetker.

Accession number:

FJP.1987.037

Restrictions & Rights:

CC0

See more items in:

Horticultural Artifacts Collection

Data Source:

Smithsonian Gardens

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/aq4bc0e4ee7-3302-4b41-a050-f59b2b3f8591

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:hac_FJP.1987.037