Photographs used to illustrate John Reed Swanton's "The Indians of the Southeastern United States" depicting American Indians of the Southeast and their dwellings, food preparation, and ceremonies.
Biographical/Historical note:
John Reed Swanton (1873-1958) was an ethnologist and ethnohistorian with the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) from 1900 until his retirement in 1944. Swanton spent his first few years at the BAE studying the Haida and Tlingit groups of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, and published a number of significant articles on the language, ethnography, and folklore of Northwest Coast Indians. His focus then shifted to the American Indians of the Southeastern United States, where his interest remained for the rest of his career. In addition to conducting ethnographic fieldwork in the Southeast, Swanton studied extensively the history of the area in order to better understand its indigenous cultures and is considered a pioneer in the field of ethnohistory. During his career Swanton published numerous articles and several major works on Southeastern American Indians, including the reference work The Indians of the Southeastern United States (1946), a Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin (No. 137).
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot R87-2Q
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Additional photographs published in BAE Bulletin 137 can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 80-39.
Photographs made by Swanton can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 76 and the BAE historical negatives.
The National Anthropological Archives hold more than 200 manuscripts created or collected by Swanton, in the Numbered Manuscripts.
Objects collected by Swanton, including potsherds from various sites in Southeastern United States can be found in the Department of Anthropology in accessions 111748, 113252, 122679, 129788, 165802, and 062577.
Contained in:
Smithsonian Institution Bureau of American Ethnology photograph collections, undated
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research.
Access to the collection requires an appointment.
Rights:
Copy prints in this collection that represent photographs not held by the National Anthropological Archives are for reference only.
Photo Lot R87-2Q, John Reed Swanton photograph collection of illustrations for "The Indians of the Southeastern United States", National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution.
The collection is made up of illustrations prepared for new printings of James Mooneyʹs "Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians," John Reed Swantonʹs "Indians of the Southeastern United States," and John C. Ewers's "The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture" in the Classics of Smithsonian Anthropology series. It includes images of maps, Kiowa, Blackfeet, and Native Americans of the American Southeast, and ANative American artwork and other artifacts. Images of Native people include photographs, portraits, and drawings. There are also textual publication materials, including layout and notated reprint, available with the collection.
Biographical/Historical note:
The aim of the Classics of Smithsonian Anthropology series, which is comprised of reprinted BAE publications, was to appeal to a more popular audience. The series began in 1979 with the publication of "Calendar History of the Kiowa Indians" and "Indians of the Southeastern United States." "The Horse in Blackfoot Indian Culture" was published the following year.
Local Call Number(s):
NAA Photo Lot 80-39, NAA Photo Lot 80-6
Reproduction Note:
Copy prints made by Smithsonian Institution, circa 1979.
Location of Other Archival Materials:
Photo Lot 80-6 has been relocated and merged with Photo Lot 80-39. These photographs were also made and collected for the Classics of Smithsonian Anthropology publications and form part of this collection.
Originals for some of these images, as well as additional photographs by John Swanton, can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 76 and 87-2Q.
Originals for some of these images, as well as additional photographs by James Mooney, can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 74 and 14 as well as NAA MS 2531.
Originals for some of these images, as well as additional photographs by John C. Ewers, can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in the papers of John Canfield Ewers.
Photographs of Southeastern Native American people, homes, ceremonial grounds, and events made circa 1900s-1910s by John Reed Swanton. The lantern slides include images of southeastern rivers and bayous and historical maps. Additionally, there are a number of slides with notes and charts relating to linguistic comparisons.
Arrangement:
Swanton's original order has been maintained. The photographs are in alphabetical order by language group or tribe. Lantern slides are listed at the end.
Biographical/Historical note:
John Reed Swanton (1873-1958) was an ethnologist and ethnohistorian with the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) from 1900 until his retirement in 1944. Swanton spent his first few years at the BAE conducting research among the Haida and Tlingit communities of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska, and published a number of significant articles on the language, ethnography, and folklore of Northwest Coast Tribes. His focus then shifted to Native Americans of the Southeastern United States.
In addition to conducting ethnographic fieldwork in the Southeast, Swanton studied the history of the area in order to better understand its indigenous cultures and is considered a pioneer in the field of ethnohistory. During his career Swanton published numerous articles and several major works on Southeastern Native Americans, including the reference work The Indians of the Southeastern United States, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 137, 1946.
Location of Other Archival Materials:
The National Anthropological Archives holds more than 200 manuscripts created or collected by Swanton.
Photographs relating to Swanton's work with the Tlingit are held in National Anthropological Archives Photo Lot 24.
The anthropology collections of the National Museum of Natural History hold objects collected by Swanton, including potsherds from various sites in Southeastern United States (accessions 111748, 113252, 122679, 129788, 165802, and 062577).
Restrictions:
The original nitrate negatives are in cold storage and require advanced notice for viewing.
MS 4658 Field notes and ethnographic material on Alabama, Choctaw, and Koasati (latter incomplete), plus a partial Southeast comparative ethnology of southeastern U.S.
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Field notes
Date:
1936-1940 (part)
Scope and Contents:
Shelf list: Box 1. Alabama, Choctaw, and Koasati field notes. Box 2. Ethnographic material on Alabama and Koasati, plus incomplete manuscript on ethnography of southeastern U.S. Box 3. Miscellaneous notes on Alabama and Koasati. Detailed list of contents accompanies main catalog card.
Arrangement:
Divided into 15 series:
(1) Alibamu field notes, miscellaneous subjects July 2 - August 27, 1940;
(2) Alibamu field notes, miscellaneous subjects June 7 - July 28,
(3) Choctaw field notes on native medicinal practices. July 12 - July 17,
(4) Choctaw (at least in part) field notes on medicinal plants July - July 27,
(5) Alabama, Choctaw, Koasati?? field notes, miscellaneous notes from published sources, and questions,
(6) Alibamu? field notes on folktales July 31 - August 11,
(7) Questions,
(8) Alabama ethnographic material ,
(9) Koasati culture summary,
(10) Comparative Southeast ethnographic material ,
(11) Linguistic notes,
(12) Tribal names and kinship charts,
(13) Lyda Averill Taylor Photographs,
(14) Miscellaneous notes,
(15) Indian artifacts from Harrington, Texas,
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4658
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Genre/Form:
Field notes
Citation:
Manuscript 4658, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Some relate to the green corn celebration, Livingston, Texas, July 1938. Others are photographs of Alibamu from the collection of the Museum of the American Indian, taken in 1909. Photographs not viewable online.
Arrangement:
50 items
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4658 (13)
Place:
Texas Livingston
Genre/Form:
Photographs
Clippings
Collection Citation:
Manuscript 4658, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Articles
Notes
Scope and Contents:
Includes: Ms. on comparative Southeast ethnography, with information from the Alabama, Catawba, Cherokee, Chickasaw, Chitimacha, Choctaw, Creek, Koasati, Natchez, Seminole, Tunica, and Yuchi. (Koasati material from field work; data on the rest of the tribes from published sources). 73 pages; typed, with pages 3-40 missing (this seems to be the Koasati data, probably among notes loaned to Dan Jacobson by LAT). Also includes 4 pages trait list. List of clans present in tribes listed above. 2 pages with 2 carbon copies. List of dances present in tribes listed above. 2 pages comparative Seminole-Chickasaw ethnography. 27 pages.
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Vocabulary
Date:
1906-1913?
Scope and Contents:
Autograph note by Swanton with Creek Manuscript number 1806 includes statement, "Alibamo [sic] Notes obtained in Texas;" refers to these notes (formerly with number 1806).
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4926
Local Note:
Swanton worked with the Alibamu between 1906 and 1913, according to BAE-AR 28, page 12; AR 30, page 18; AR 32, page 18; AR 33, page 18; and Ar 34, page 12-13.
Autograph document and typescript copy with autograph annotations
Place:
Texas
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Genre/Form:
Vocabulary
Citation:
Manuscript 4926, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Date:
1912-1931
Biographical / Historical:
Swanton worked with the Koasati in Polk County, Texas in 1912-1931, according to Bureau of American Ethnology-AR 34, page 13; AR 38, page 6; AR 41, page 7, 31 and 105; and AR 48, page 31.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2436
Local Note:
typescript and autograph document
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Citation:
Manuscript 2436, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Dictionaries
Date:
1906-1913
Scope and Contents:
Alabama-English, 2433 typed cards in 2 boxes; English-Alabama, approximately 3000 typed and autograph A. cards in 2 boxes. Includes terms written in pencil and marked "(K)," which may be terms in Koasati. Informants are Harden Sylestine and others.
Swanton's arrangement of the Alabama-English section is generally alphabetical, with many terms grouped together by stesm. The cards have been stamped with consecutive numbers 1-2433, and Swanton's order has been preserved. Cards that had been clipped together now have a second number, beginning with 1 for the first in a clipped group (e.g., if cards 25-27 were found clipped together, they would now be numbered 25-1, 26-2, 27-3).
The Alabama-English section (with sequentially numbered cards) contains utterances identifiable by a following number in parentheses. If the number does not begin with zero, apparently if refers to Swanton's page numbers in his rough field notes (M 4151 "second set"). Numbers beginning with zero seem to refer to the"first set," MS 4151-- Karen Lupardus, August 18, 1978.
Biographical / Historical:
The note by Swanton preceding Alabama-English section reads? "The material marked (H) was furnished by an Alabama Indian, Harden Sylestine, who translated in his own way. His translation is usually preserved lest a mistake be made in altering; the material is to be corrected later. This includes all of my Alabama material except 12 pages of text by native informants and a vocabulary which for the most part duplicates what has been given."
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2435
Place:
Texas Polk County
Other Archival Materials:
Related Collection: Manuscript 4151
Related Collection: Manuscript 7360
Related Collection: Manuscript 7361
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Genre/Form:
Dictionaries
Citation:
Manuscript 2435, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
1912-1920
Scope and Contents:
With interlinear English translation. Section VI includes "Sentences" and sections XII and XXIV of autograph document only include "Words that differ in Koasati and Alabama."
Biographical / Historical:
Swanton worked with the Koasati in 1912-1920, according to Bureau of American Ethnology-AR 34, page 13; AR 38, page 6; AR 41, page 7. The typescript was received in Bureau of American Ethnology Archives September 16, 1920 (according to old catalog card).
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 1818
Local Note:
Informants: Stories "I-XVI and XXXIII-XXXVI from Jackson Langley; the rest from his mother Salin Langley."
The handwritten texts were formerly filed under Manuscript file Number 4145, and were added to this file in 1970.
autograph document
typescript document
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Citation:
Manuscript 1818, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
1906-1930
Scope and Contents:
Contents: "Population of Koasati village." Manuscript document with A. title by Swanton. 2 pages. Kinship terms. Autograph document 4 pages. Koasati words and phrases. 14 pages. Koasati texts with interlinear English "collected Jul. 23-Aug. 1, 1930, from Jackson Langley." [Kinder, Louisiana (Cf. Number 4154)] Autograph document. 36 pages. Koasati stories, and ethnographic notes on the Koasati, Alabama, and Tunica; in English. Autograph document. 33 pages. Lists of names and clan affiliations of the Koasati and Alabama in Louisiana. Autograph and Manuscript Document. 5 pages. "Census of the Alibamo [sic] and Koasati in Polk County, Texas 1910," with names and clan affiliations. Autograph document. 25 pages. Typescript Document with Autograph and Manuscript annotations. 11 pages. List of Alibamu and Koasati English and native names. Autograph documet. 2 pages.
Biographical / Historical:
Swanton worked with the Alibamu in 1906-1913, and with the Koasati from 1912-1930, according to Bureau of American Ethnology-AR 28, page 13; AR 34, page 13-14; and AR 48, page 5.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4153
Local Note:
A. note S. by Swanton indicates that he made this material available to Lyda A. Taylor for her study of the Koasati.
Indians of North America -- Southern States Search this
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Pages
Date:
1912-1920 ?
Scope and Contents:
With interlinear English translation. Contents: Note by Swanton about informants. Autograph document. 1 page. Stories I-XXII (no story XV). Autograph document. 149 pages. (numbered 1-59, 52-134). Photostats of Autograph Document of stories IV-XIII and XVI-XXII, made before they were corrected by Jackson Langley. 62 sheets (2 pages photostated per sheet). (Photostats are poor quality and cannot be recopied.) (Formerly in Manuscript 1801.) Stories I-XXII (no story XV). Typescript Document with A. interlinear English translation. 63 pages. Received in Bureau of American Ethnology Archives from Swanton in 1920. (Formerly in Manuscript 1816.) Story XIV with short vocabulary from George Henry. (This vocabulary, which is in the original Autograph document is not included in the above typescript.) Typescript Document. 2 pages. (Formerly in Manuscript 1801.) Stories I-III. Typescript Document. 7 pages. (Formerly in Manuscript 1801.)
Biographical / Historical:
Swanton began working with the Koasati in Polk County, Texas in 1912, according to Bureau of American Ethnology-AR 34, page 13. The terminal date for this file is given as 1920 since the typescripts of stories I-XXII were received in Bureau of American Ethnology Archives in 1920.
Informants: Charlie Thompson, "later chief of the Alabama Indians in Texas," "who thought he knew Koasati" reviewed afterwards by Swanton with Jackson Langley of Kinder, Louisiana, and Langley's corrections added.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 4154
Local Note:
autograph and typescript document
photostats of autograph document
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Citation:
Manuscript 4154, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Includes photographs of individual tribal members, artifacts; and the following archeological sites: Hawikku (Hawikuh), Zuni Pueblo, New Mexico; Mill Creek, Tehama County, California; Coachilla Valley, California; Sandal Cave, New Mexico; Eagle Canyon, Texas; Thea Heye Cave, Pyramid Lake, Nevada; Crown Peak, Chisos Mountains, Texas; Pueblo Grande, Nevada; Salt Caves, St. Thomas, Nevada; Chuckawalla Cave, Nevada; Lovelock Cave, Pershing County, Nevada; other sites in Nevada; cacti in Brewster County, Texas and California; archaeological sites in Arkansas, Florida, Missouri, New York, and Tennessee Collection also includes a variety of scenic shots in different states; shots of persons, identified and unidentified; personal photographs of Harrington, his son, and one of his wives (ELH); and photographs taken during his expeditions to Cuba and Ecuador. Includes photographs of the Alibamu, Apache, Catawba, Cherokee, Chitimacha, Choctaw, Chumash, Comanche, Delaware, Iowa, Iroquois, Kaw, Kickapoo, Kiowa, Klamath, Koasati, Maidu, Mattaponi, Mohegan, Nanticoke, Narragansett, Navajo, Niantic (Nyantic),Ojibwa (Chippewa), Osage, Paiute, Pamunkey, Peoria, Pit River, Potawatomi, Quapaw, Sac and Fox (Sauk and Fox), Seminole, Shawnee, Tolowa, Tulare, Wampanoag, Wichita, Wyandot, Yara, and Zuni tribes.
Arrangement note:
Collection arranged by format and item number.
Biographical/Historical note:
Mark Raymond Harrington was born on the campus of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor on July 6, 1882. He received his BS in 1907 and his MA in 1908 from Columbia University, where he studied under Franz Boas. He met George Heye while working at Covert's Indian store in New York in 1908 and Heye hired him shortly thereafter. Harrington spent from 1908-1911 visiting and collecting from tribes in the east and Midwest for Heye. From 1911-1915 Harrington was assistant curator at the University of Pennsylvania Museum. From 1916-1917 he conducted archeological surveys in Cuba and Arkansas, after which he spent a short time in the U.S. Army during the First World War. After his return in 1919 he started a series of archeological surveys in Tennessee, Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Nevada, and Texas. Harrington worked for George G. Heye as an archaeologist, ethnologist, field collector, and curator, primarily along the eastern seaboard, in the south, Midwest, west, Cuba and Ecuador, from 1908 to 1928. He then joined the staff of the Southwest Museum as curator until his retirement in 1964. He died in San Fernando, California on June 30, 1971. Harrington is the author of many books and several hundred articles. A partial bibliography can be found in the Mark Raymond Harrington manuscript collection in the archives of the National Museum of the American Indian, Cultural Resource Center, Suitland, Maryland.
General note:
NMAItest
Restrictions:
Access restricted. For information on this collection consult the NMAI photo archivist at 301-238-1400 or NMAIphotos@si.edu.
Rights:
Copyright restrictions apply. Contact archives staff for information.
