May Mayko Ebihara's oral history interviews with Conrad Arensberg (3/7/84); Harold Conklin (1/26/82); William Davenport (8/19/82); James B. Griffin (10/7/81); Jane Richardson Hanks (8/6/82); Lucien M. Hanks (8/7/82); Robert Heizer and George Foster (10/2/74); Charles Hocket (8/25/81); Thomas Kirsch (8/25/81); Alfred Kroeber, et al. on Sapir (dub 5/11/1959); Floyd Lounsbury (1/27/82); David Mandelbaum (11/9/78); Margaret Mead (12/8/66); Mervyn Meggitt; Robert and Beatrice Miller (7/29/86); Horace Miner (10/7/81); George P. Murdock (8/20/82); Robert Murphy (10/17/80); John V. Murra (8/24/81); Leopold Pospisil (1/28/82); Irving Rouse (1/27/82); Lauriston Sharp (5/6/82); Edward Shils (11/19/83); Robert J. Smith (8/26/81). Also includes typewritten transcripts for some of the above, as well as for interviews with Theodore Stern and David H. French. The collection also contains notes on anthropology departments at Columbia University, University of Chicago, University of Michigan, and University of Pennsylvania.
Local Numbers:
NAA MS 2009-15
Other Archival Materials:
May Ebihara's Reed College bachelor's thesis (1955), "An Ethnohistorical Study of the Shoshoni Indians of the Northern Basin," was received with the collection and transferred to the John Wesley Powell Library of Anthropology.
The Albert Clanton Spaulding Papers consist of correspondence, field project data, manuscripts, and teaching notes documenting his work at the University of Michigan, University of California Santa Barbara, the National Science Foundation, and field work at the Arzberger Site and Agattu.
Scope and Contents:
The Albert Clanton Spaulding Papers consist of correspondence, field project data, manuscripts, and teaching notes documenting his work at the University of Michigan, University of California Santa Barbara, the National Science Foundation, and field work at the Arzberger Site and Agattu. Although it has been noted that there are significant and inexplicable lucunae in Spaulding's papers, they nevertheless touch on most phases of his professional life. There is, however, relatively little field material.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Arrangement:
1. Correspondence, 1948-1982; 2. manuscript of Spaulding writings; 3. material concerning students; 4. site reports and field project data; 4. material regarding conferences and committees; 6. material related to work as National Science Foundation archeology program director; 7. student notebooks and dissertation; 8. material regarding the Arzberger site; 9. administrative material regarding the University of Michigan; 10. academic papers collected by Spaulding, teaching aids, and lecture notes; 11. Philip C. Phillips and Gordon R. Willey file; 12. James A. Ford file; 13. correspondence regarding publications; 14. miscellany; 15. photographs
Biographical note:
Albert C. Spaulding was trained at Montana State University (B.A. in economics, 1935), the University of Michigan (M.A. in ahthropology, 1937), and Columbia University (Ph.D., 1946). In 1946-1947, he taught at the University of Kansas and was an assistant curator at the university's Museum of Anthropology. From 1947-1961, he taught at the University of Michigan and was curator of that university's Museum of Anthropology. In 1959-1961, Spaulding was first program director for the History and Philosophy of Science Program of the National Science Foundation and the NAS program director for anthropology. In 1963-1966, he was professor and chairman of the anthropology department at the University of Oregon. In 1967-1971, he became dean of the College of Letters and Science at the University of California at Santa Barbara and continued at that institution as professor of anthropology until 1983. Spaulding served the Society for Amercian Archeology as associate editor, secretary, vice president, and president. In 1964, he was vice president for Section H of American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Although Spaulding carried out several significant field projects, he is best rememberd for his theoretical and methodological concerns. In relating his first archeological field work, he declared: "My fundamental interest at the time (and now) was clarification of the basic concepts of archeology, which led me into explicit definitions of archaeological problems in terms of relationship between or among well-defined variables." Spaulding produced many articles and book reviews in which he dealt with such problems. Some of the best-known appeared in the pages of American Antiquity in 1953 and 1954 when be debated James A. Ford in general terms concerning teh most productive methods of archeology in general and the nature of archeological types and methods of defining them in particular. Because of his espousal of rigor in method, Spaulding is considered on of the main forerunners of the "new archeology" of the 1960s. For his work, he received the SAA distinguished Service Award in 1981.
Restrictions:
The Albert Clanton Spaulding papers are open for research.
Access to the Albert Clanton Spaulding papers requires an appointment.
Alan Harwood is a Professor Emeritus at University of Massachusetts, Boston in the Anthropology Department. Trained in social anthropology he has studied illness and healing in Tanzania and communities in New York City and Boston. Harwood was the founding editor of Medical Anthropology Quarterly (new series, 1986-1991) and series editor of Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology (1999-2004) The bulk of this collection is composed of Alan Harwood's 1962-1964 ethnographic research among the Safwa in Tanzania (then known as Tanganyika); his research on health beliefs and medical practices of residents in a low-income area of the Bronx, New York (1967-1970); and his research in Boston, Massachusetts on different ethnic groups' conceptions of health (1994-1995). Also among his papers are materials from his involvement in the Centers for Disease Control and American Anthropological Association (AAA) Workgroup on "The Use of Race & Ethnicity as Scientific Categories" at the 1994 AAA meeting.
Scope and Contents:
The bulk of the collection is composed of Alan Harwood's ethnographic research among the Safwa in Tanzania (then known as Tanganyika); his research on health beliefs and medical practices of residents in a low-income area of the Bronx, New York; and his research in Boston, Massachusetts on different ethnic groups' conceptions of health. The few photographs in the collection are aerial views of Isyesye, where he conducted his Safwa research, and images from Utengule taken by White Fathers and dating from the 1940s. The collection also contains Harwood's linguistic recordings of Kimalila and of Kisafwa and Kinyiha spoken in various dialects. In addition, the collection contains sound recordings of Safwa ceremonies and an audio letter from Harold Conklin, Mario Bick, Georgeda Buchbinder Bick, and Michiko Takaki. Also among his papers are his correspondence as the editor of Medical Anthropology Quarterly and of Ethnicity and Medical Care; materials from his involvement in the Centers for Disease Control and American Anthropological Association (AAA) Workgroup on "The Use of Race & Ethnicity as Scientific Categories" at the 1994 AAA meeting; and letters of recommendation (restricted until 2056) that Harwood wrote for students and colleagues. In addition, the collection contains Harwood's course notes as an undergraduate student at Harvard and as a graduate student at University of Michigan and Columbia University. The collection also contains Harwood's research notes on North Luzon as Conklin's student research assistant at Columbia University. Harwood's correspondence is spread throughout the collection and filed by project. Among his notable correspondents are Harold Conklin and Joseph Greenberg. Their letters can be found with the Safwa materials.
Arrangement:
Arranged into 8 series: (1) Safwa Research, 1961-1970; (2) Bronx Research, 1957-1986; (3) Boston Research, 1993-1996; (4) Professional Activities, 1975-2001; (5) Student Files, 1953-1962; (6) Microfilm; (7) Photographs, circa 1940s & 1963; (8) Sound Recordings, 1962-1964
Biographical/Historical note:
Alan Harwood was born on March 20, 1935 in Tarrytown, New York. He earned his undergraduate degree, magna cum laude, in Social Relations from Harvard University in 1957 and attended the London School of Economics on a one year fellowship the following year. When he returned to the United States, he began his graduate studies in anthropology at the University of Michigan, earning his M.A. in 1960. He went on to Columbia University for his doctorate, which he was awarded in 1967.
Under a pre-doctoral fellowship funded by the Social Science Research Council, Harwood conducted ethnographic research on the Safwa of the southwestern region of Tanganyika (now known as Tanzania). From September 1962 to 1964, Harwood carried out his research mainly in the village of Isyesye, near Mbeya, Southern Highlands Region. At the time, witchcraft accusations were common, and it thus became the subject of his dissertation, Witchcraft, Sorcery, and Social Categories among the Safwa, later published in 1970.
In 1967, Harwood was hired by the Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center (formerly called the Neighborhood Medical Care Demonstration) in Bronx, New York. From 1967 to 1970, he directed a study on the health, illness, and medical beliefs and practices of residents in a low-income area of the south Bronx. One of the articles produced from this research was Harwood's "The Hot-Cold Theory of Disease: Implications for Treatment of Puerto Rican Patients" (1971). Harwood also looked at spiritism among the Puerto Rican community, which led to his publication, Rx: Spiritist as Needed: A Study of a Puerto Rican Community Mental Health Resource (1977).
From 1994 to 1995, Harwood was the co-principal investigator of a study conducted under the Tufts New England Medical Center on conceptions of health and well-being among 4 ethnic groups in Boston: African Americans, Mandarin-speaking Chinese Americans, Irish Americans, and Puerto Ricans. Harwood led the group studying Irish Americans.
In addition to his research, Harwood was the founding editor of Medical Anthropology Quarterly (new series, 1986-1991) and series editor of Cambridge Studies in Medical Anthropology (1999-2004) and of Studies in Medical Anthropology (2004-2006). He also edited Ethnicity and Medical Care (1981), a book geared towards health professionals.
In 1971, Harwood spent a year in New Zealand as a visiting senior lecturer at the University of Auckland. From 1972 to 2002, he was a professor of Anthropology at the University of Massachusetts, Boston. During his tenure, he also served as adjunct professor in the Department of Psychology (1993-2002) and as associate dean for Undergraduate Education, College of Arts and Sciences (1998-2001). In addition, he was a lecturer in the Department of Social Medicine at Harvard Medical School (1992-present).
In 1982, Harwood was honored with the Wellcome Medal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland for Research in Anthropology as Applied to Medical Problems. He is also a Fellow of the American Anthropological Association and of the Society for Applied Anthropology.
Restrictions:
Materials that identify the participants in Harwood's Bronx and Boston studies are restricted until 2056.
Rights:
Contact repository for terms of use.
Topic:
Language and languages -- Documentation Search this
Ethnographic Study of New York City Health Areas 24 and 26 --This applied project was carried out in cooperation with a comprehensive primary-care health center [Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center, originally called the Montefiore Neighborhood Medical Care Demonstration] located in the South Bronx, and the data therefore focus particularly on health, illness, and medical beliefs and practices. Funded by the Office of Economic Opportunity (OEO), the health center was mandated to raise health levels of residents of the two Health Areas. I began the research in August 1967 as a regular
employee of the Research Department of the health center and then received a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. As Principal Investigator of that grant, I hired and trained a research team of local residents and expanded the study to 11 randomly selected multi-unit buildings in the area. Researchers visited households in these buildings over the course of approximately a year, gathering data through participant observation, formal interviewing, and process recording. (For more on the setting and methodology of this study, see Harwood 1977: 6-33.) This Carnegie-funded part of the research ran from 1968 to 1970.
Data from this study are in three different forms:
(1) Process and participant observation data gathered from households during the course of the study were recorded on 3" x 5" multi-copy slips, which are filed chronologically, by household, and by topic;
(2) Data from formal interviews or from specific data-gathering projects (e.g., contents of medicine cabinets, dietary practices, immunization status of children, medical records from the health center of participants in the study) were recorded on specific questionnaire sheets or in spiral notebooks;
(3) Information from the first two sources was transferred by researchers onto data analysis sheets for quantitative treatment.
In addition to these data, this set of materials contains research reports, correspondence, and business files from the project. It also includes questionnaires, code sheets, punch cards, and printouts from a census of the two Health Areas, which was carried out before I joined the Research Department of the center.
Besides providing basic data on health status and healthcare practices, additional information in the archive about housing, schooling, shopping, and working provides a vivid portrait of people living in a low-income area of New York City during the late-1960's period of the "Great Society." The archive also invites methodological inquiry by including information suitable for comparing observational data with data from medical records and census interviews on the same families. - Alan Harwood
Correspondence, memos, research proposals, and personnel files for the study can be found in Subseries: Business Files. The subseries also contains materials relating to other research and activities of the health center. These include health center reports; materials relating to an Albert Einstein College of Medicine community medicine course, which Harwood helped prepare and teach; and testimony by Harwood and other representatives of the health center to the Senate Select Committee on Nutrition and Human Needs on the housing condition of the South Bronx.
Process and participant observation data collected by Harwood and his research team are located under Subseries: Data Slips. Because the data slips contain identifying information of households in the study, the entire subseries is restricted. Other data and the analyses of data (some of which are restricted) are located in Subseries: Research Files along with papers and reports by Harwood, reports by colleagues, census data, and reference materials. Among the papers by Harwood are drafts of his article "The Hot-Cold Theory of Disease: Implications for Treatment of Puerto Rican Patients" and his paper that he presented at the 1970 American Anthropological Association meeting, "Participant Observation and Census Data in Urban Research."
One of the healthcare practices Harwood looked at in the study was spiritism among the Puerto Rican community. Although his book Rx: Spiritist as Needed: A Study of a Puerto Rican Community Mental Health Resource is not in the collection, Subseries: Research Files does contain a draft of his paper "Puerto Rican Spirtism as a Community Mental Health Resource" along with his field notes and writings by others on the subject.
It should be noted that during the study, the health center changed its name from the Neighborhood Medical Care Demonstration (NMCD) to the Martin Luther King, Jr. Health Center.
Arrangement:
Folders in this series are organized by topic.
SUBSERIES: BUSINESS FILES
SUBSERIES: METHODOLOGY
SUBSERIES: RESEARCH FILES
SUBSERIES: DATA SLIPS (RESTRICTED UNTIL 2056)
Collection Restrictions:
Materials that identify the participants in Harwood's Bronx and Boston studies are restricted until 2056.
Collection Rights:
Contact repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Alan Harwood Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Digitization and preparation of materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
Boston Health and Well-being Project --Funded by the Kaiser Family Foundation through the Health Institute at the Tufts New England Medical Center in 1994-95, this study focused on people's ideas of health and well-being in four ethnic groups in the Boston area (Irish, Puerto Rican, African American, and Mandarin-speaking Chinese; a fifth group, Jamaicans, was dropped early on in the project for lack of appropriate interviewers). The data were gathered by means of two open-ended interviews with eight respondents per ethnic group, four each from lower and higher income families within the group. I was leader of the Irish team, with interviews carried out by Ann Rath, Ed.D., and Jamie Saris, Ph.D. The planning group for the study was interdisciplinary (epidemiologists, medical sociologists, a social psychologist, a psychologist, and myself). Except for the social psychologist (Elliot Mischler) and myself, all planners were quantitatively oriented, though the project was supposed to be qualitative in design. Largely for that reason, data analysis proceeded by creating a coding system using categories established before reading and analyzing the interviews, so that the bulk of analysis time for the study was consumed transcribing and coding interviews, rather than digesting what the interviewees' ideas and concerns were. So far as I know, only a few scattered articles, each one treating a single ethnic group, were published from this rich data cache. However, my strong conviction is that nothing valid can be said about any one ethnic group without comparing interviews across groups and across income categories. Thinking I would do such an analysis in about 1999, I requested copies of a complete set of uncoded interviews. However, I never published anything from this project. The bulk of the archive consists of these uncoded interviews. Additional material includes code books, coded interviews from Irish-American respondents, and correspondence regarding the project.
Clearly, the value of this archive is its trove of unanalyzed material on concepts of health and well-being from respondents in the two income and four ethnic groups, with the
consequent possibility of comparing the relative importance of socioeconomic vs. cultural forces in creating different perspectives on these matters. - Alan Harwood
Filed in the beginning of Subseries: Interview Transcripts is the complete set of interview transcripts that Harwood had collected. While most of the interviews in this set are uncoded, some coded interview transcripts are also mixed in. The coded set of interviews with Irish American respondents begins with folder "IA001 #1." Several computer disks that were filed with the coded Irish American interviews have been separated and are restricted. The disks contain the Irish American interview transcripts, all of which exist in hard copy form in this series. The disks also contain files from Ethnograph, the software used to code the interviews. A description of the background and methodology of the study can be found toward the end of the series. To make sense of the folder titles for the interview transcripts, please refer to the key below:
AA = African Americans
CA = Chinese Americans
IA = Irish Americans
JA = Jamaican Americans
PR = Puerto Ricans
M = Male
F = Female
AR = Ann Rath
JS = Jamie Saris
AH = Alan Harwood
Arrangement:
SUBSERIES: INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPTS
SUBSERIES: PROJECT FILES
Collection Restrictions:
Materials that identify the participants in Harwood's Bronx and Boston studies are restricted until 2056.
Collection Rights:
Contact repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Alan Harwood Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Digitization and preparation of materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
This series documents some of Harwood's professional activities outside of his research. This includes correspondence relating to his work as editor of Ethnicity and Medical Care and series editor of Medical Anthropology Quarterly and materials relating to his participation in the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) & AAA workgroup on "The Use of Race & Ethnicity as Scientfic Categories."
Restrictions:
Letters of recommendation that Harwood wrote for former students and colleagues are restricted.
Collection Rights:
Contact repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Alan Harwood Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Digitization and preparation of materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
