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Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife (1987)  Search this

Shuttleworth, Daphne (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Jah Honey and the Unconquered People (Musical group)  Search this

Banda Salvadorena  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (VHS))

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Washington (D.C.)

El Salvador

China

Mexico

Local Numbers:

FP-1987-1/2VHS-0012

General:

Tape 20

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.).

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Reggae music  Search this

Operas, Chinese  Search this

Dance  Search this

Sword-dance  Search this

Games  Search this

Pinatas  Search this

Food habits  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1987, Item FP-1987-1/2VHS-0012

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1987-ref1462

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife (1987)  Search this

Shuttleworth, Daphne (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Cephas, John  Search this

Jackson, John, 1924-2002  Search this

Harris, Bill, 1925-1988  Search this

Fuertes de Colombia (Musical group)  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (VHS))

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Washington (D.C.)

Michigan

Virginia

Colombia

Texas

Local Numbers:

FP-1987-1/2VHS-0020

General:

Tape 6

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.).

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Blues (Music)  Search this

Jazz  Search this

Stoves  Search this

Food habits  Search this

Blues (Music)  Search this

World music -- Colombia.  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1987, Item FP-1987-1/2VHS-0020

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1987-ref1465

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Introduction:

America's Many Voices - the third in a series of Cultural Conservation programs that began in 1985 - addressed the importance of language in the preservation of cultural traditions. Spanish speakers from Texas, Chinese speakers from New York, Lao speakers from Virginia and Maryland, and English speakers from North Carolina challenged Festival audiences to hear the beauty of their voices, to understand the social significance of their languages, and to grasp meanings sometimes not easily translated. The theme was chosen to coincide with the Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, and looked back in part to the wisdom of the early patriots for guidance concerning present-day social problems and issues. In 1987, as in 1787, America's linguistic diversity and cultural variety were seen by some as threats to national unity and by others as a primary resource for national strength; the Festival advocated the latter approach.

In addition to musical performances from several of the featured communities and a full program of narrative sessions, ongoing demonstrations included (in the Mexican American area) saddle making, barbacoa cookery, toymaking, quilting, and a sacred procession each day of the Matachines group from Laredo, Texas, through the Cultural Conservation area; (in the Appalachian American area), the skills and lore of tobacco farming and the stories of hunters and their dogs; (in the Chinese American area), toymaking, face painting, and occupation lore of laundry operatators. The Lao American area included floral arts, weaving, wood carving, basket making, rocket making, and, on Sunday June 28, an all day celebration of Boun Bang Fai, the Lao Rocket Festival, which included religious ceremonies, sports, music, dance, and a rocket competition.

Frank Proschan was Curator of the Cultural Conservation program and Todd DeGarmo was Program Coordinator.

Fieldworkers and consultants:

Fieldworkers

Norma Cantú, Fay Chiang, Glenn Hinson, Mary Anne McDonald, Mario Montaño, Kingsavanh Pathammavong, Frank Proschan

Research Assistance

Charles Camp, Carol Kulig, Susan Levitas, Mary Scherbatskoy, John Kuo Wei Tchen, Margaret Yuen

Presenters:

Charles Camp, Norma Cantú, Fay Chiang, Carol Compton, Mary Greene, Glenn Hinson, Suzi Jones, Susan Levitas, Alfred Lui, Tim Lloyd, Mario Montaño, Phouratsamy Naughton, Kingsavanh Pathammavong, Suzanne Seriff, Mary Scherbatskoy, John Kuo Wei Tchen, Wang Chang Wei

Participants:

Appalachian Americans

Bessie Mae Eldreth, 1913-, ballad singer, cook, Boone, North Carolina

Colonel Francis, tobacco farmer, Crumpler, North Carolina

Laura Milton Hodges, teacher, tobacco farmer, cultural spokesperson, Vilas, North Carolina

Roy Lee Hodges, Jr., tobacco farmer, Vilas, North Carolina

Jack Lawrence, Sr., fox hunter, Boone, North Carolina

Arvie Miller, 1930-, storekeeper, tobacco farmer¬, Boone, North Carolina

Judy Norris, 1939-, tobacco farmer, Sugar Grove, North Carolina

R. Dudley Norris, 1938-, tobacco farmer, Sugar Grove, North Carolina

Jean Reid, 1961-, ballad singer, Lenoir, North Carolina

Arvill Scott, 1953-, tobacco farmer, musician, Lansing, North Carolina

Rita Francis Scott, 1953-, tobacco farmer, musician, Lansing, North Carolina

Joseph Spencer Stephens, 1936-, storekeeper, tobacco farmer, Creston, North Carolina

R. Howard Woodring, 1937-, coon hunter, Boone, North Carolina

Chinese Americans

Danny Chang, cook, New York, New York

Kui Wu Chen, 1943-, calligrapher, face and palm reader, New York, New York

Chinatown Senior Center Orchestra, musicians, New York, New York -- Chinatown Senior Center Orchestra, musicians, New York, New YorkJ.L. Jong Olmos Chan, musician, New York, NYLeong Nan Li, musician, New York, NYTon P. Hom, 1916-, musician¬, New York, NYPeter S. Lee, musician, New York, NYChing To Hau, musician¬, New York, NYPan Sau Chan, musician¬, New York, NYHon Cheung Tsang, musi¬cian, New York, NY

Shu-Min Fung, 1941-, dancer, Brooklyn, New York

Mei-Jiun Mai, dancer, Scotch Plains, New Jersey

Gum Wong Troy, 1923-, laundry worker, Rockville, Maryland

May King Troy, 1924-, cook, Rockville, Maryland

Ngan Hang Tung, 1923-, Peking Opera master, New York, New York

Yung-ching Yeh, 1942-, children's games, New York, New York

Chan Shek Yu, shopkeeper, Scotch Plains, New Jersey

Margaret Yuen, 1952-, dancer, cultural spokesperson, New York, New York

Lao Americans

Soulisack Bannavong, 1965-, woodcarver, Silver Spring, Maryland

Bout Chanthavilay, 1930-, weaver, Alexandria, Virginia

Khamvay Insixiengmay, 1939-, weaver, Woodbridge, Virginia

Phouangphaka Khamvongsa, 1942-, cook, candle maker, Springfield, Virginia

So Khamvongsa, 1919-, musician, Springfield, Virginia

Bounmy Kittiphanh, 1937-, Buddhist monk, Catlett, Virginia

Onechanh Luthongchak, 1945-, mohlam singer, Takoma Park, Maryland

Chandaphone Mingsisouphanh, 1954-, Buddhist monk, Catlett, Virginia

Thinat Nachampasack, 1950-, musician, Springfield, Virginia

Sangvane Pathammavong, floral arts, Arlington, Virginia

Vath Phimmakaysone, 1940-, basket maker, cultural spokesperson, Hyattsville, Maryland

Khampiang Simmanakhot, 1952-, musician, Walkersville, Maryland

Bounsavath Soulamany, 1930-, rocket maker, Alexandria, Virginia

Sing Soulamany, 1942-, weaver, Alexandria, Virginia

Thongtanh Souvannaphanh, 1937-, musician, Springfield, Virginia

Mexican Americans

Cipriano Cedillo, 1915-, toymaker, -- barbacoa -- cook, Laredo, Texas

Los Matachines de Ladrillero, -- sacred processional dancers, Laredo, Texas -- Los Matachines de Ladrillero, sacred processional dancers, Laredo, TexasFlorencio Ortiz, Jr., Matachines musician, Laredo, TexasTeresita Gonzales, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasGuadalupe Ortiz, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasJavier Castillo, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasJuan Castillo, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasAlonzo Ortiz, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasMaximo Morales, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasPete Ortiz, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasViviano Solano, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasLeticia Layton, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasMelissa Gonzales, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasErica Velasquez, Matachines dancer, Laredo, TexasCarlo Ortiz, Matachines dancer, Laredo, Texas

José Martinez-Coronado, 1923-, saddle maker, leather worker, Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico

Cecilio Santos, 1950-, -- banisteria -- , woodcarver, Laredo, Texas

Maria Paredes Solis, 1923-, quilt maker, San Ygnacio, Texas

Collection Restrictions:

Access by appointment only. Where a listening copy or viewing copy has been created, this is indicated in the respective inventory; additional materials may be accessible with sufficient advance notice and, in some cases, payment of a processing fee. Older papers are housed at a remote location and may require a minimum of three weeks' advance notice and payment of a retrieval fee. Certain formats such as multi-track audio recordings and EIAJ-1 videoreels (1/2 inch) may not be accessible. Contact the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections at 202-633-7322 or rinzlerarchives@si.edu for additional information.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1987, Series 2

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1987-ref18

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Introduction:

The Smithsonian has long counted on Washington area residents as an audience for its many museums and programs. In this first of a planned multi-year program, tables were turned as traditional musicians from local black, Hispanic and Asian American communities told Festival visitors about the social organizations and the multi-cultural urban context within which their aesthetic expressions flourish. Washington, the residential city beyond the national monuments, burgeons with cultures transplanted from beyond urban, state, and national boundaries as well as with hybrid traditions newly rooted in an urban environment. Over the next several years the Office of Folklife Programs intended to explore the fascinating, vital, and variegated pool of cultures that enliven the Washington metropolitan area. The 1987 program gave special emphasis to music among Washington's communities.

Music is a central part of festive occasions and celebrations as well as an integral feature of everyday life. People mark what they feel is distinctive and valuable through the use of music, frequently accompanied by dance and ritual. For instance, various Asian communities of Washington have maintained some of the seasonal ceremonies of their homelands, such as Lao or Chinese New Year's celebrations. These elaborate and colorful ceremonial events incorporate music, costumes, parades, food, and dance and draw community members from the entire eastern seaboard.

African American gospel music thrives in a variety of forms in Washington, ranging from the harmonies of traditional quartet groups to the sounds of more contemporary soloists, ensembles, and choirs, some of which blend classical techniques with more traditional black gospel music. Hundreds of churches support numerous choirs, smaller family groups, and other ensembles and soloists who provide their memberships with gospel music. Gospel music is central to a variety of community events in addition to regular services: for example, pastor, choir, and church anniversary celebrations, as well as funerals are filled with gospel music.

Particularly within Washington's growing Latino community, sharing of traditions has resulted in a synthesis or pan-ethnic style, celebrating a multicultural heritage. In this urban milieu Hispanic, Caribbean, and African musicians constantly create new urban performance forms by drawing fragments from known repertoires and styles and transforming them into new expressions through the use of new harmonies, updated texts, and changes in tempo, rhythmic configurations, or performance style.

Phyllis M. May-Machunda served as Curator of the Metropolitan Washington program and Camila Bryce-Laporte as Assistant Program Coordinator.

The Metropolitan Washington program was made possible in part by the Music Performance Trust Funds, a non-profit organization created by U.S. recording companies to fund live and free performances (Trustee: Martin A. Paulson).

Fieldworkers:

Camila Bryce-Laporte, Arnaé Burton, Olivia Cadaval, Mia Gardener, Richard Kennedy, Michael Licht, Phyllis M. May-Machunda, Daniel Sheehy, Daphne Shuttleworth, Nicholas R. Spitzer, Kazadi wa Mukuna

Presenters:

Arnaé Burton, Kathy Bullock, Alicia María González, Richard Kennedy, David T. Lee, Von Martin, Oscar Ordenes, Daniel Sheehy, Nicholas R. Spitzer, Richard Spottswood, Nap Turner, Kazadi wa Mukuna, Pearl Williams-Jones

Participants:

John Cephas and Phil Wiggins, blues, Washington, D.C.

Choraliers, 1st Baptist Church of Deanwood, gospel, Washington, D.C.

Comparsa Panameña, Panamanian costume band, Washington, D.C.

Conrado Rosales y la Banda Salvadorena, Salvadoran music, Washington, D.C.

Cubanakán, Afro-Cuban music, Washington, D.C.

Hazel Dickens, traditional southern mountain music, Washington, D.C.

Emmanuel Choraleers, gospel, Washington, D.C.

The Four Echoes, gospel, New Carrolton, Maryland

The Garcia Family, Mexican children's games, Washington, D.C.

Great Change Ensemble, gospel, Seat Pleasant, Maryland

Grupo Batuque, Brazilian samba band, Silver Spring, Maryland

Han Sheng Chinese Opera Institute, Peking opera, Washington, D.C.

Bill Harris, 1925-, blues, Washington, D.C.

Lisa Henderson, 1958-, gospel, Washington, D.C.

Image, soca, calypso music, Dale City, Virginia

John Jackson (1924-) & James Jackson, blues, Fairfax Station, Virginia

Flory Jagoda, Ladino music, Falls Church, Virginia

Jah Honey & the Unconquered People, reggae music, Washington, D.C.

The Junkyard Band, go-go music, Washington, D.C.

Kankouran, West African drumming, Washington, D.C.

Khmer Traditional Music Ensemble, traditional Cambodian music, Silver Spring, Maryland

Kings of Harmony, gospel, Lanham, Maryland

Djimo Kouyate, Mandingo griot music, Washington, D.C.

Los Fuertes de Colombia, Colombian music, Silver Spring, Maryland

James Kika Makubuya, 1945-, Ganda music, Washington, D.C.

Mattie Johnson & the Stars of Faith, gospel, Washington, D.C.

McCollough Kings of Harmony Spiritual Band, gospel brass band, Washington, D.C.

Mt. Bethel Baptist Church Choral Choir, gospel, Washington, D.C.

Nguyen Dinh Nghia & Daughters, traditional Vietnamese music, Vienna, Virginia

ODADAA!, Ga music, Alexandria, Virginia

Kambo Oholara, Macujumbe stilt walker, Washington, D.C.

Ollantay, Bolivian urban music, Arlington, Virginia

Potomac Valley Boys, bluegrass, Leesburg, Virginia

Prophecy, gospel, Washington, D.C.

Alberto Rios y sus Paraguayos, Paraguayan music, Washington, D.C.

Ross School, Salvadoran children's games, Washington, D.C.

Rumiñahui, Andean music from Ecuador, Wheaton, Maryland

St. Augustine Gospel Choir, gospel, Washington, D.C.

St. Teresa of Avila Choir, gospel, Washington, D.C.

Sons of Grace, United House of Prayer, gospel, Washington, D.C.

The Sounds of Africa, Zairian urban music, Silver Spring, Maryland

Don Stover, traditional banjo music, Brandywine, Maryland

The Teagle Family, gospel, Laurel, Maryland

Trinidad Steel Band, calypso pan music, Washington, D.C.

Don Vails & the Salvation Corps, gospel, Hyattsville, Maryland

Vision, gospel, Hyattsville, Maryland

Collection Restrictions:

Access by appointment only. Where a listening copy or viewing copy has been created, this is indicated in the respective inventory; additional materials may be accessible with sufficient advance notice and, in some cases, payment of a processing fee. Older papers are housed at a remote location and may require a minimum of three weeks' advance notice and payment of a retrieval fee. Certain formats such as multi-track audio recordings and EIAJ-1 videoreels (1/2 inch) may not be accessible. Contact the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections at 202-633-7322 or rinzlerarchives@si.edu for additional information.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1987, Series 3

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1987 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1987-ref26

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Tennessee Program 1986 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Peiser, Judy (field worker)  Search this

Bowman, David (field worker)  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound recording (compact audio cassette)

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Type:

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Sound cassettes

Place:

Tennessee

Date:

1981 March 18

Local Numbers:

FP-1986-CT-0091

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1986 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1986, Item FP-1986-CT-0091

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1986 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1986 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Japan: Rice in Japanese Folk Culture / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1986-ref1281

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Schweitzer, E. (field worker)  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound recording (compact audio cassette)

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

Date:

1988 June 27

1988

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-CT-0571

Publication, Distribution, Etc. (Imprint):

United States 1988

General:

ROCKVILLE CHINESE SCHOOL; ALAN BAPTIST ORIG.TAPE #57/58

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, June 27, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Migration  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-CT-0571

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref1802

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife (1988)  Search this

Artist:

Povilioniene, Veronika  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (U-matic))

Type:

Archival materials

Contents:

ORIGINAL OPENING CEREMONY #2; CHINESE LION DANCE; VERONIKA POVILIONIENE- LITHUANIAN SONG; OXEN PULL IN MASSACHUSETTS AREA; BOCCE COURT PREPARATION

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-3/4UMA-0097-7

General:

DVD copy

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. All Restrictions Apply.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-3/4UMA-0097-7

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2119

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife (1988)  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (U-matic))

Type:

Archival materials

Contents:

ORIGINAL STAFF PHOTO- BOTH SESSIONS; D.C. PROGRAM- CHINESE BRUSH PAINTING

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-3/4UMA-0107

General:

DVD copy

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. All Restrictions Apply.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-3/4UMA-0107

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2129

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (U-matic))

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Washington (D.C.)

Contents:

CHINESE BRUSH PAINTING AND RIBBON DANCE

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-3/4UMA-0131

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. All Restrictions Apply.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-3/4UMA-0131

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2150

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Artist:

Singing Angels  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (U-matic))

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Washington (D.C.)

Contents:

D.C.AREA- SINGING ANGELS, CHINESE LION DANCE, TRINIDADIAN COSTUME MAKERS; NET MAKER; CHINESE COOKING; CALIGRAPHY

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-3/4UMA-0133

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. All Restrictions Apply.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-3/4UMA-0133

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2152

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Item (videocassette (U-matic))

Type:

Archival materials

Place:

Washington (D.C.)

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-3/4UMA-0158

General:

COMMERCIAL VIDEO- DEEPFOCUS PRODUCTIONS, P.O. BOX 315, FRANKLIN LAKES, NJ O7417; 201/891-8240 SEWING WOMAN- COMMERCIAL VIDEO- CHINESE IMMIGRANT

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. FOR OFFICE VIEWING USE ONLY.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Chinese Americans  Search this

Sewing  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-3/4UMA-0158

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2169

Creator:

Smith, Winston (field worker)  Search this

Performer:

Hoyem, Richard, 1949-  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound recording (compact audio cassette)

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Afro-Caribbean  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound recordings

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

New York

Jamaica

Date:

1988 August 12

Contents:

RICHARD HOYEN- CHINESE/JAMAICAN WORKED IN COMMUNITY FOR MANY YEARS; CONROY ALLISON- ADVERTISING SALES REPRESENTATIVE FOR JAMAICAN STATION TAPE 4 OF 10

Local Numbers:

FP-1988-CT-0682

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: New York, United States, August 12, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1988-CT-0682

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref1892

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Lau, K.Y.  Search this

Performer:

Lau, K.Y.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0058

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Food habits  Search this

Migration  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0058

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2023

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Lee, P.G.  Search this

Performer:

Lee, P.G.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0056

General:

tape 1

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Migration  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0056

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2078

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Lee, P.G.  Search this

Performer:

Lee, P.G.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0057

General:

tape 2

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Migration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0057

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2079

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Zhang, Wei-Na  Search this

Performer:

Zhang, Wei-Na  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0059

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Food habits  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Migration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0059

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2080

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Lu, Z.P.  Search this

Performer:

Lu, Z.P.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0060

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Crafts & decorating.  Search this

Migration  Search this

Emigration & immigration  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0060

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2081

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Fang, L.  Search this

Performer:

Fang, L.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0061

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Storytelling  Search this

Oral history  Search this

Storytelling  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0061

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2082

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Pei, C.C.  Search this

Wei, M.  Search this

Performer:

Pei, C.C.  Search this

Wei, M.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0062

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Theater  Search this

Games  Search this

Drama  Search this

Tai chi  Search this

Games  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0062

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2083

Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Festival of American Folklife. Metropolitan Washington Program 1988 Washington, D.C.  Search this

Chen, Mau-Thai (field worker)  Search this

Artist:

Pei, C.C.  Search this

Performer:

Pei, C.C.  Search this

Collection Creator:

Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Extent:

1 Sound cassette (analog.)

Culture:

Americans  Search this

Chinese Americans  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Sound cassettes

Place:

United States

Washington (D.C.)

China

Local Numbers:

FP-1990-CT-0063

General:

tape 2

Date/Time and Place of an Event Note:

Recorded in: Washington (D.C.), United States, February, 1988.

Restrictions:

Restrictions on access. Some duplication is allowed. Use of materials needs permission of the Smithsonian Institution.

Collection Rights:

Copyright and other restrictions may apply. Generally, materials created during a Festival are covered by a release signed by each participant permitting their use for personal and educational purposes; materials created as part of the fieldwork leading to a Festival may be more restricted. We permit and encourage such personal and educational use of those materials provided digitally here, without special permissions. Use of any materials for publication, commercial use, or distribution requires a license from the Archives. Licensing fees may apply in addition to any processing fees.

Topic:

Oral history  Search this

Tai chi  Search this

Collection Citation:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

CFCH.SFF.1988, Item FP-1990-CT-0063

See more items in:

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife

Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 1988 Festival of American Folklife / Series 5: Migration to Metropolitan Washington: Making a New Place Home / Fieldwork

Archival Repository:

Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-cfch-sff-1988-ref2084