Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company photographs and other materials, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Legionarios del Trabajo de Filipinas Daguhoy Masonic Lodge number 528
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1928-1935, undated
Scope and Contents:
Series contains black and white photographs primarily documenting the activities of Legionarios del Trabajo:Daguhoy Lodge Number 528. The photographs are primarily of significant social gatherings such as funeral services, banquets, and parades. Other images are of unidentified dignitaries. These photographs were all taken in Stockton, California? The materials do not provide information relating to the history of the organization but instead document clothing attire?, social and cultural practices, and ? as illustrated by the Legionarios del Trabajo fraternal organization during this time. Materials are arranged in chronological order.
Biographical / Historical:
Domingos Ponce was born in an era when the labor movement was gaining momentum in the Philippines. In 1919, he found himself deeply involce in the "Manila Electric Company" strike, a pivotal moment in the history of labor movements in the country. During this time, a Committee of the "Congreso de Filipinas" and strike leaders frequently convened secret meetings at the "Labor Hall" in Quiapo, Manila, to strategize and communicate with the striking workforce. The aim was to maintain secrecy in their discussions to protect their interests.
These clandestine meetings were crucial, as they laid the foundation of a new labor fraternity. Under the leadership and vision of Domingo Ponce, a plan was hatched to established a secret society dedicated to the welfare of laborers. The society would be known as the "Legionarios del Trabajo." In these days, initiation rituals were developed and implemented, ensuring that only dedicated and trusted members were allowed to participate in the society's activities.
Despite the secretive nature of these meetings, news of their discussions began to surface in newspapers, leading to concerns about potential leaks. Ponce proposed a rigorous initiation process to safeguard the fraternity's secrets and maintain the integrity of its members.
The "Legionarios del Trabajo" was official formed, with Domingo Ponce serving as its first Grand Master. This marked the birth of the first lodge, "Kalimbas," numbered 101. Subsequent lodges, including T. Pinpin. Magat-Salamat, and Plaridel, emerged, spreading the fraternity's influence across Luzon. The society also extended its reach to the Visayas and Mindanao.
The "Legionarios faced severe opposition from various quarters, including the Roman Catholic Church, which communicated members, and the Grand Lodge of Free Masonry, which initially banned mason from joining the fraternity. Despite these challenges the "Legionarios" persisted, and eventually, mason were allowed to be part of both organizations.
Throughout its early years, the "Legionarios" encountered persecution from government officials who suspected Ponce of radical and communist affiliations. False rumors spread, further heightening hostilities towards the fraternity. Ponce, in an effort to protect the society, resigned as Grand Master during the 1927 National Convention. This marked a challenging period for the "Legionarios," but the society survived.
Today, the "Legionarios del Trabajo" stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of its early members, with Domingo Ponce at the forefront of its history. The society continues to promote the values of democracy, labor, and unity among laborers, carrying forward the legacy of its founder, and the pioneering spirit of those who dedicated their lives to the cause of workers' rights and justice.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Sponsor:
Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.
San Mateo County. Pacifica. San Pedro Valley, near St. Peter's Catholic Church near Oostad Blvd. along Linda Mar. Blvd., San Mateo, California, United States, North America
This series consists of mixed materials ranging from correspondence, receipts, war department records, tax information, items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials range from 1926 to 1949. The series conveys some information regarding the life of Jose Galinato in Stockton, California. The information conveyed is Jose's military service, work history as a farm laborer, and his membership in the organization, Legionarios del Trabajo. The materials within this series do not identify information regarding Jose's personal details. This series can be utilized as a primary resource for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American agricultural workers in the 1920s.
Biographical / Historical:
Jose Madridejo Galinato was born on Dec 18, 1902 in Guindolman, Bohol, Philippine Islands.
The historical record provides no details of the early life of Jose. According to an Arriving Passenger and Crew List, Jose left Manila, Philippines on June 16th, 1923, aboard the SS President Pierce. This ship also carried several other men, who were brought to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Company. He arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii on July 6th after a 20-day trip.
After two years in Hawaii, Jose set sail towards San Francisco, California aboard the USS President Lincoln. On September 8th, 1926, Jose arrived at the port of San Francisco. By 1940, Jose moved to Stockton, California where he probably worked up and down the West Coast like other Filipino agricultural workers of the time. According to the 1940 Federal census, Jose worked as a field worker. Before the recording of the census, he worked 60 hours a week, earning an income of $450 and sharing a living space with many Filipino immigrant workers and other workers of different ethnicities.
Jose would later reside at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 E. Hazelton Ave, where he was a member of the Legionarios Del Trabajo in America, Inc. According to Jose's World War II draft registration card, On April 24, 1943, Jose registered for enlistment and listed the Daguhoy lodge to be his place of residence. In addition, he lists his Next of Kin to be a man named Albert Doblin, who can be assumed to be a member of the Legionarios since the same address was listed in the record. At this time, Jose lists that he was working for SS Sanincente Inc., which can be assumed that he worked as a seaman. According to Jose's United States Petition for Naturalization, Jose worked as a seaman and traveled throughout the world. There are a vast of historical records that documented the travels of Jose while working as a seaman between the 1950s and 1960s.
The details of Jose's family background are uncertain.
At age 83, Jose died on December 9, 1983, in Stockton. His obituary says that he was "survived by brothers and sisters in the Philippines." Jose's funeral services were conducted at Stockton's Chapel of the Palms and St. George Catholic Church. He is buried at the San Joaquin Cemetery.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Sponsor:
Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.
Researchers must handle unprotected photographs with gloves. Researchers must use reference copies of audio-visual materials. When no reference copy exists, the Archives Center staff will produce reference copies on an "as needed" basis, as resources allow.
Do not use original materials when available on reference video or audio tapes.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Archives Center Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
