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Enrique Andales

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1917-1937, undated
Scope and Contents:
Materials consist primarily of correspondence, photographs, receipts, a wallet, items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials ranges from 1917 to 1937. It sheds some light on Enrique Andales' journey from the Philippines to the United States and the difficult life an agricultural worker in Northern California in the 1920s. In addition, some of the materials emphasizes Enrique's dedication to his membership at the fraternity, Legionarios del Trabajo. The materials clarify some information about the early life of Enrique through the correspondences in this series. Since the letters are written in Visayan, a language spoken within the southernmost islands of Luzon in the Philippines, it can be assumed that Enrique was born in the southernmost islands of Luzon and was able to speak and write in Visayan. The materials in this series does not identify any information regarding Enrique's birth and death, military service, health information, and naturalization process. The series provides a valuable insight and can be utilized as a primary source to researchers who are interested in the lives of Filipino American agricultural workers during the 1920s.
Biographical / Historical:
Enrique Andales was born on July 18, 1891, in the town of Cardova, Cebu, Philippines. There are no records documenting the early life of Andales. Furthermore, it is unclear when he left the Philippines. However, according to a California Arriving Passenger and Crew List, on March 14, 1916, Enrique arrived in the San Francisco, California from Honolulu aboard the SS Matsonia.

On December 15, 1917, during World War I, he dutifully registered for the United States draft. According to his draft card, Enrique resided in Stockton, California working as a laborer for the Shima Tract, an island in Sacramento-San Joaquin River where they grew potatoes. By the 1930, according to a 1930's Federal Census, Enrique would work as a farm laborer, specifically on asparagus farms, living with 14 other lodgers that were of Japanese or Filipino ethnicity on Alen Bunn Reyes, Rio Vista, Solano, California. Despite not having formal schooling, he possessed the ability to read and write in English and Visayan, a common language spoken in the southern Philippines such as the Cebu Province.

Enrique was not only dedicated to his work but also active in his community. He was a proud member of the Legionarios del Trabajo, specifically affiliated with the Daguhoy Lodge in the United States. This affiliation showcased his commitment to supporting the rights and welfare of laborers during the time of social and economic change.

Enrique passed away on April 24, 1938, in Stockton, California.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 1
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep80f052895-29f9-4601-b61c-bff71e666d48
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref1

Sixto Olaco

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1921-1954, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Sixto Olaco was born on April 19, 1892, in Candijay, Bohol, Philippines. At the age of twenty-four, Sixto set sail to Honolulu, Hawaii, aboard the S.S. Shinyo Maru. He was part of a large group of Filipino men from different parts of the Philippines who boarded the ship to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association. According to the Hawaii arriving passenger and crew list, the ship arrived on July 12, 1917. There is a possibility that Sixto remained in Honolulu for a year. His World War I registration card documents his residence from 1917 to 1918. Olaco's arrival in California is documented in the United States index to alien case files, which lists February 1, 1921, to be his arrival date in San Francisco. In addition, according to the 1930 Federal Census, Sixto Olaco was listed as a single roomer in a house at N Street in Sacramento, California. The census mentioned that he worked as a laborer that worked odd jobs, which are not uncommon for Filipino immigrants at the time. Sixto would continue living in Sacramento and worked as a laborer for a couple more years, as recorded in a 1945 city drectories. Olaco died on October 7, 1961 at the age of sixty nine in Luis Obispo County in California at Arroyo Grande Cemetery.

*Conflicting birth dates: World War I Draft Registration, Apr 19, 1892. Index to Alien Case Files, April 1, 1894. 1930 United States Federal Census, about 1891. Social Security Application and Claims Index, April 9 189,

*Conflicting death date in California Death Index, October 1961. United States grave index October 19, 1961.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 15
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8fac4e92a-7368-4578-ae14-ec4e3c644191
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref155

Epimaco Fariola Mansueto

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1874-1947, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Epimaco Fariola Mansueto was born on July 17, 1902 in the Philippines. Little is known about his early life other than the fact that he obtained a grammar school education. Records documenting Mansueto leaving the Philippines. According to his World War II Army enlistment record, on October 16, 1942, Epimaco was a United States citizen and resided in San Joaquin, California, more specifically at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Avenue, where he was a member of the Legionarios del Trabajo. At this time, Epimaco was 5 feet 6 inches and weighed 128 pounds, using his youthful strength to work as a general farms hand in the agricultural fields of Northern California. Although Epimaco's family background is uncertain, records show he married later in life. Historical records such as the 1948 City Directory mentions Epimaco having a spouse named Katie Mansueto. Together, they lived in 3 Cottage row in San Francisco, California. Epimaco Fariola Mansueto died on January 8, 1988 in San Francisco, California at the age of eighty-six.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 14
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8d1ca5ea0-f921-459e-adca-aa42381b5782
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref120

Eusebio Maglente

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1920-1923, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Eusebio Maglinte was born in the 1890s in Dimiao, Bohol, Philippine.* According to census records, he attended school until the fourth grade. Maglinte left his homeland aboard the S.S. Venezuela, which departed Manila on August 2, 1920, and arrived thirty day later in Honolulu, Hawaii. He made his journey with fifty-two other Filipino men, mostly from Bohol, Cebu, and Negros Oriental. These men were brought for employment by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association. This employment last for three years, before Eusebio left Hawaii aboard the S. S. President Piece, bound for San Francisco in November 1923.

Once arriving in Northern California, Eusebio undoubtedly headed for work in the fields of the Central Valley. The 1930 census shows him as a farm laborer, living with 26 other Filipino men on Georgiana Slough Road near the town of Isleton and Walnut Grove, southwest of Sacramento. Within five years, he had moved to San Joaquin Count and was living on the Wright Tract. During the 1940 census, he is listed is the same place as other 16 Filipino men, who had all worked seventeen hours the week before. The census also lists that in the previous year, Eusebio had worked twenty-six weeks and made $350.00. By 1947, Eusebio ad moved into Stockton and was listed in the City Directory at 203 E. Hazelton, still working as a laborer. Eusebio died on August 13, 1952 in Santa Clara County, California.

*Almost every record shows a different date of birth for Eusebio Maglinte. On the passenger list of his first journey to Honolulu, it is recorded as January 15, 1898. On the passenger list of his journey to San Francisco, it is listed as May 31, 1892. On his California death record, it is given as April 15, 1891.

Researched by: Brandon Wofford-Asuncion, March 1, 2016
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 13
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82b6bd9d6-4eac-4e15-89f9-a1f91de3687d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref109

Felimon Laga

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1922-1923, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Felimon Laga was born on March 1, 1900 in Bohol Province, Central Visayas, Philippines. It is unknown when Felimon left the Philippines. According to the California arriving passenger and crew list dating December 2, 1923 Felimon arrived on the port of San Francisco, California from the port of Honolulu, Hawaii. According to the 1930 Federal Census, Felimon resided in San Francisco, California, working as a porter in a hospital. In addition, although little is known about Felimon's educational background, he was able to attend school. The name of the school was not indicated in the historical records; however, it is assumed that he attended a Grammar School as the records mentioned that he was able to read, write, and speak English. Records indicate that Felimon was a roomer sharing living quarters with six other men. On June 27, 1931, Felimon Laga passed away at the age of thirty-one and was buried in Manteca, San Joaquin County, California.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 11
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep81aa1ff5a-9a85-43d0-9ff4-7ffba4dd97e6
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref98

Julian Felicita Bernido

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1971
Biographical / Historical:
Julian Felecita Bernido was born on January 28, 1904, in Anda-Bohol, Philippine Islands. The details of his family background are uncertain. However, according to his World War II Draft Registration, Josephina Makinano is his nearest relative, which states that she is his half-sister. Furthermore, according to Philippines: Marriage Records, Julian had a spouse named, Victoria Seroge, and a child named Anastasia Bernido. According to a United States Federal Naturalization Records, Julian left the Manila, Philippines on September 1924 and emigrated to San Francisco, California aboard the Dollar Steamship Line. Later in his life, he would petition for naturalization, gaining his citizenship in 1948. On October 16, 1940, Julian registered for the World War II Draft. At this time, he stood 5 feet, 2 inches and weighed 170 pounds. Throughout the years, Julian would move back and forth from Stockton and San Francisco, California. Like many Filipino immigrants, Julian worked in various industries throughout his time in the United States to make ends meet. One such example is his position as a Barboy at a hotel. According to the 1950 Federal Census, Julian normally worked 40 hours a week, with the possibility of him earning little wages as the census indicated him as a Roomer with 24 other individuals. Julian died on October 1977 at the age of seventy-three.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 4
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep86f88511e-f5cf-4c88-bc6b-a687b3c3d2f9
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref25

Andres Salle Casinas

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1912-1980, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Andres Salle Casinas was born on March 11, 1902, in Duero, Bohol, Philippine Islands. * The historical record provides no details of Andres' early life, except that the highest education he had completed was the 6th grade. Although Andres had a limited education, he was able to read and write. The exact date of when Andres left the Philippines is unknown. However, according to Index to Alien Case File, on February 15, 1924, Andres arrived in San Francisco, California. Like many young Filipino men, who emigrated to California, Andres worked in the fields of Sacramento and San Joaquin, California, working 60 hours per week. According to the 1930 and 1940 Federal Census, with an income of $720 as stated on the 1940 Federal Census, Andres barely made enough money to be able to afford his own residence, resulting in him lodging and sharing the same place with twenty-one other Filipino immigrant workers and their families. By 1940, Andres moved to Stockton, San Joaquin, California. On February 15, 1942, he enlists for the World War II Draft, where at this time, he was unemployed, stood 5 feet and 3 inches tall and weighed 137 pounds. Andres was not only hard-working but also a community-minded person. He was a member of the fraternal organization, Legionarios del Trabajo, specifically affiliated with the Daguhoy Lodge No. 528. The Legionarios del Trabajo played a crucial role in advocating for the rights and welfare of laborers during a period of significant social and economic change. On September 18, 1973, at the age of 71, Andres Salle Casinas passed away in Stockton, California
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 5
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f38e1afa-0a04-410a-be11-4eebdc95303d
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref27

Cesario Hotora Comparativo

Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1925-1945, undated
Biographical / Historical:
Cesario H. Comparativo was born on February 25, 1906, in Tubigon, Bohol, Philippines. * The historical records mention no information about Cesario's early life, except that his highest completed education is of the 8th grade level. At the age of twenty-two, Cesario left his homeland and set sail aboard President Cleveland to Honolulu, Hawai'i, which departed from Manila on December 2, 1924. Twenty days later, Cesario would arrive in Honolulu along with many other Filipino immigrants to be employed by Hawaii's sugar plantations. His employment would only last for a couple of months, before leaving Honolulu aboard the President Taft on August 20, 1925, landing on the port of San Francisco, California days later. As Cesario settles in the Northern parts of California, it is assumed that Cesario started his job in the fields of Central Valley. A 1930 Federal Census reveals that Cesario's occupation was that of a farm laborer, living with fellow Filipino men on Georgiana Slough Road, in Sacramento, California. By 1940, Cesario moved to San Joaquin, working 70 hours a week as a Field Worker and earning $800, hardly enough to be able to financially support himself. For five years, Cesario dedicated him life to his military service. On October 16, 1940, Cesario registered for the World War II Draft and remained pursuing his military service in the Navy Branch until his honarable discharge on November 1, 1945. In later years, after the completion of his military service, Cesario seek love. According to a California, Marriage Index, on June 6, 1955, Cesario marries Erma E. Knight. This marriage would only last for a few years as a 1958 City Directories showed that by 1958, the couple were no longer living together. It is unclear when the couple divorced as, for now, there are no historical record indicating Cesario and Erma's divorce. However, according to a 1970, 1972, and 1974 city directories, Cesario would remarry to a woman named Angelina. Angelina's maiden name is unknown as records document she took on her husband's last name. Cesario died on October 4, 1990 at the age of eighty-four.
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1515, Series 6
See more items in:
Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep837e3b714-f1af-470d-abf7-27803ef4788e
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref41

“Chiura Obata: American Modern” at the Smithsonian American Art Museum

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2019-11-21T23:17:21.000Z
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Stories of Resilience presented by Nīa MacKnight (Hunkpapa Lakota and Anishinaabe)

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YouTube Videos
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By the People: Housing for All

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2016-10-14T00:28:53.000Z
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Design Talk | Trude Guermonprez and Lanette Scheeline: Breaking Boundaries with Design

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2019-12-18T22:58:37.000Z
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Behind the Scenes: 'Mr. Greg & Cass McCombs Sing and Play New Folk Songs for Children'

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2023-10-17T13:20:37.000Z
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Hank Bradley and Rick Shubb feat. Doc Watson – "Billy in the Lowground" [Official Audio]

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2021-08-12T16:45:29.000Z
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Larry Hanks and Roger Perkins – "Oh Had I a Golden Thread" [Official Audio]

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2021-08-12T16:42:34.000Z
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John Santos Sextet & Bobi Céspedes - “Historia de un Amor” [Live at Folklife Festival 2016]

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2016-07-27T14:36:20.000Z
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Kathy & Carol – "Swallow Song" [Official Audio]

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“Historia de un Amor” by John Santos Sextet & Bobi Céspedes

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2016-07-25T22:05:23.000Z
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Slayer: The Origins of Thrash in San Francisco, CA.

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2015-08-05T15:44:47.000Z
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Rallying Against Racism: San Francisco Chinatown Banner

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