A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Accounting and Bookkeeping forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana
Scope and Contents:
Minimally covers the terminus of the wind-powered (sail) era and more fully documents the peak of the engine (steam) era of commercial cargo and passenger vesselsk, including freight and dockage services, maintenance and provisioning, ferry service, navigation (tug and tow) assistance, plus leisure cruising and touring. There is not a significant amount of material on battle or war ships. Includes both short distance routes such as lakes, rivers, and islets, and longer trans-oceanic crossings.
Documents within the collection consist of handbills, broadsides, leaflets, books, business cards, advertisements, insurance forms, wreck reports, passenger lists, baggage tags, freight manifests, rate cards, correspondence on letterhead stationery, booklets, newspaper clippings, postcards, menus, periodicals, manuals, photographs, engravings, woodcuts, sketches, bills of lading, receipts, catalogues, ledgers, journals, purchase orders, broadsides, brochures, custom forms, schedules, shipping and receiving documents, early steam guides, timetables, lithographs, announcements, etc. There are no navigational nautical maps. There is very little in the way of international import/export records. However, domestic and North American freight services are well-covered through invoices, bills of lading, manifests, and receipts for goods and services.
Some materials cover the history and development of steamships, particularly in the latter half of the nineteenth century with the iron screw replacing the wooden paddle steamer in the 1850s. The late 1860s brought the compound engine, which led to the steamship, previously used for the conveyance of mails and passengers, to compete with the sailing vessel in the carriage of cargo for long voyages. The 1870s brought improvements in accommodation for the passenger, with the midship saloon, conveniences in state-rooms, and covered access to smoke rooms and ladies cabins.
Ownership of specific lines and vessels was very fluid throughout shipping history, including the renaming of vessels. Mergers, dissolution, and absorption of fleets were frequent. Thus, researchers should independently seek out a more detailed history for any entity of particular interest.
The general maritime business series focuses on good and services related to maritime operations such as repair, shipbuilding, parts, ticket agents, chandlers, groceries, coal supply, dockage, wharfs/marinas, etc.
Operation records of named vessels contains primarily bills of lading and similar receipts for the movement of material goods or in-water services such as tow and tug assistance.
The largest series covering shipping lines and conglomerates offers a wide assortment of miscellaneous, nonexhaustive operation records for cargo and passenger lines and corporations, typically those with multiple holdings. These documents may include receipts, bills of lading, correspondence, and financial ledgers, plus promotional material for services and routes offered. Passenger sailings and luxury cruise documentation may contain menus, passenger lists, itineraries, shore excursion information, souveniers such as luggage tags, ticket stubs, and postcards. See also the subject category Menus, for additional examples of passenger and cruise ship menus.
When not associated with any of the above, general examples of materials related to the industry have been by arranged by their material type such as images, reports, and serial publications. More formal documentation, especially legal and reports, can be found here.
Narrative type materials related to lore, history, and building and design specifications have been sorted by subject. A scarce amount of material covers ships used for military service. Likewise, there are a few examples of maritime related material from the art world, mostly in the form of catalogues for exhibits or auction of paintings and scale models.
A note on vessel names: those used as contract carriers of mail and when in service, were entitled to unique prefix designations such as Royal Mail Ship (RMS.), otherwise, the ship name may be preceded by the more generic S.S. for single-screw steamer or steamship, SV for sailing vessel, PS for paddle steamer, RV for research vessel or similar type prefix. USS is the standard for the United States Navy commissioned ships while in commission, with HMS used for His/Her Majesty's Ship of the British Royal Navy.
Some of the major lines/companies represented in the collection include: American Line, American Steamship Company, Anchor Line, Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, Cunard-Anchor Line, Cunard Line, Cunard Steam Ship Company, Limited, Cunard White Star Line, Eastern Steamship Lines, Furness, Withy & Company, Hamburg American Line (HAPAG) / Hamburg Amerika Linie, Holland America Line (N.A.S.M. / HAL), Inman Line, International Mercantile Marine Company (IMM), International Navigation Company, North German Lloyd (Norddeutscher Lloyd Bremen), Panama Pacific Line, Peninsular and Oriental, Red Star Line, Royal Mail Steam Packet, U.S. Mail Steamship Company, United States Lines, White Star Line.
Arrangement:
Ships, Boats, and Vessels is arranged in three subseries.
Business Records and Marketing Material
General Maritime Businesses
Operation Records of Named Vessels
Shipping Lines/Conglomerates
Miscellaneous Business Records and Marketing Material
Genre
Keepsakes
Images
Ledger
Legal
News Clippings
Regulatory
Reports
Serial Publications
Stamps/Cigarette Cards
Associations and Societies
Images, Artwork, Racing, Technical Literature
Subject
Battleships, Warships
Destination Guides
Employment and Licensing
Insurance
Maritime History
Maritime Models and Art
Revue Generale Des Sciences
Warshaw Administrative Records
Related Materials:
Several other Warshaw Subject Categories may have closely related material such as Submarines and Transportation. For casual and recreational boating see Boats and Boating Equipment and Yachts. Other subject categories that may have related materials include: Canals, Dredging, Engines, Menus, Railroads (point of common transportation transfer), and Tours. .
Forms Part Of:
Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.
Missing Title
Series 1: Business Ephemera
Series 2: Other Collection Divisions
Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers
Series 4: Photographic Reference Material
Provenance:
Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels] is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Ships, Boats, and Vessels, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
Files containing Sturtevant's students' grades have been restricted, as have his students' and colleagues' grant and fellowships applications. Restricted files were separated and placed at the end of their respective series in boxes 87, 264, 322, 389-394, 435-436, 448, 468, and 483. For preservation reasons, his computer files are also restricted. Seminole sound recordings are restricted. Access to the William C. Sturtevant Papers requires an apointment.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
William C. Sturtevant papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
The papers of William C. Sturtevant were processed with the assistance of a Wenner-Gren Foundation Historical Archives Program grant awarded to Dr. Ives Goddard. Digitization and preparation of these materials for online access has been funded through generous support from the Arcadia Fund.
Smithsonian Institution. Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Introduction:
Today's Virginians include people whose ancestors have always been here, descendants of the original Jamestown settlers, the progeny of the first West Africans, and more recent immigrants from Africa, Southeast Asia, and Central America. They live and work from Virginia's Atlantic coast to its Appalachian Mountains, from remote coal-mining towns in the southwest to bustling suburbs in the north. But no matter how deep their roots, Virginians strive with dedication and innovation to document and present their cultural heritage, adapting tradition to change and using the past to inform the present and future.
The 2007 Festival explored three "roots" of Virginia's culture: Native American, English, and African American. These groups supported the growth of a diverse, yet unified society in what would become Virginia. At the Festival, present-day Virginians were joined by delegations from Kent County, England (one of the counties from which the original settlers came and the burial place of Pocahontas) and West Africa (an area from which many enslaved Africans came to Virginia). By demonstrating and performing many parallel cultural traditions side by side, craftspeople, musicians, cooks, agriculturalists, and maritime experts demonstrated that different cultures can have much in common and can borrow from each other to forge a nation. Festival presentations were organized around three themes:
Continuing the Past. -- Many traditions in Virginia; Kent County, England; and West Africa remain "unbroken" within families and communities. A number of crafts, such as pottery, blacksmithing, wood carving, and needlework, span the generations; craftspeople interpret and produce them according to their own tastes and market demand. Festival visitors could interact with contemporary adherents of these ancient traditions.
Transforming the Past. -- While tracing the roots of Virginia culture, historians find many tradition bearers who, by necessity or desire, refashion their skills. For example, in Virginia, as well as in Kent County, England, fruit farmers find it hard to keep their businesses profitable because of cheaper imports; many have quit farming and have sold their land to developers. Growers have responded and now gourmet cooks can find heirloom varieties of Virginia apples at farmers' markets. The growers bring the taste of Virginia's past to the present and make it profitable and sustainable.
Researching and Interpreting the Past. -- The ability to research and interpret the past requires years of study, determination, and "learning by doing." Digging up the past is the professional passion of archaeologists at sites such as Historic Jamestowne. Family and community researchers collect oral histories and search for clues in archives and databases. Festival visitors could listen as they explained their work, and could pose questions about adapting such skills to their own lives.
Betty J. Belanus was Curator of the program, and Diana N'Diaye was Curator of African/African American Roots. Dorey Butter was Program Coordinator and Beverly Simons was Program Assistant. For Jamestown 2007, Jeanne Zeidler was Executive Director and Amy Ritchie was Manager of Statewide Programs and Smithsonian Project Manager. For Kent, England, Rebecca Casson was Head of Kent Virginia Development; Hollie Snelson was Smithsonian Project Manager; and Leila Maggs was Smithsonian Project Coordinator.
The program was produced in partnership with Jamestown 2007: America's 400th Anniversary and the Kent County Council. The Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of African American History and Culture was the Smithsonian Institution partner. Lead supporters of Jamestown 2007 included the Norfolk Southern Corporation, the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, Verizon, and Anheuser-Busch Companies. Other supporters included AirTran Airways, Dominion, James City County, Philip Morris USA, SunTrust, and Wolseley PLC/Ferguson Enterprises Inc.
Researchers:
Advisors
Howard Bass, Ann Bay, Mary Briggs, Lonnie Bunch, George Carter, Rex Ellis, Anthony Gualtieri, Portia James, Gail Lowe, Helen Schierbeck, Gabriella Tayac, Esther Washington, C. Brian Williams, Chris Williams, CiCi Williamson
Virginia fieldworkers
Harold Anderson, Olivia Cadaval, Mary Eckstein, Roland Freeman, Ywonne Edwards Ingram, Jon Lohman, Kip Lornell, Roddy Moore, Jennifer Neely, Vanessa Thaxton-Ward, Richard Vidutis, Vaughan Webb, Karenne Wood
Senegal fieldworkers
Abdoulaye Camera, Gorgui N'Diaye
Kent, England fieldworkers
Teri Brewer, Paul Cowdell, Hannah McNorton, George Monger
Presenters:
Harold Anderson, Olivia Cadaval, Paul Cowdell, Marjorie Hunt, Paula Johnson, Jon Lohman, Kip Lornell, Hannah McNorton, George Monger, Roddy Moore, Jeff Place, Mark Puryear, Gabriella Tayac, Vaughan Webb, Chris Williams, CiCi Williamson, Karenne Wood
Participants:
AGRICULTURE AND ENTERPRISE
Fruit Growing
Tom Burford, 1935-, Monroe, Amherst County, Virginia
Margaret Burns, 1941-, Herne Bay, Kent, England
Philip Johnson "PJ" Haynie III, 1977-, Hague, Northumberland County, Virginia
Paul Saunder, Piney River, Nelson County, Virginia
Saunders Brothers, Piney River, Nelson County, Virginia
Charlotte Shelton, 1936-, Vintage Virginia Apples, Charlottesville, Albemarle County, Virginia
Virginia Wineries Association, Alexandria, Virginia
Ham, Peanuts, and Cattle
Babacar Bâ, Ndjilasséme, Senegal
Ciré Bâ, Ndjilasséme, Senegal
Dee Dee Darden, Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Tommy Darden, Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, Virginia
Sam Edwards, 1956-, Edwards and Sons, Surry, Surry County, Virginia
Stuart Gibbons, 1952-, Canterbury, Kent, England
Henry Goodrich, 1965-, Wakefield, Suffolk County, Virginia
Virginia-Carolina Peanut Promotions, Nashville, Nash County, North Carolina -- Virginia-Carolina Peanut Promotions, Nashville, Nash County, North CarolinaWilliam Bain, Wayne Barnes, Dell Cotton, Melissa Everett, Natalie Everett, Randy Everett, Fred Felts, Martha Felts, Linda Hass, Gail Moody Milteer, Brad Monahan, Drew Monahan, Janet Monahan, Kevin Monahan, Betsy Owens, Donna Pittman, John Pittman
Horse Crafts
Marc Stevenson, rocking horse maker, Bethersden, Kent, England
Tony Stevenson, 1956-, rocking horse maker, Bethersden, Kent, England
Theresa Trussell, 1952-, horse trainer, Kent, England
Danny Wingate, 1951-, saddle & harness maker, Elk Creek, Grayson County, Virginia
Outdoor Crafts
Norman Amos, 1925-, snake cane carver, Callands, Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Susan Bridges, 1954-, forager, food processor, Meadows of Dan, Patrick County, Virginia
Grayson Chesser, 1942-, decoy carver, Sanford, Accomack County, Virginia
Pat Harrison, 1957-, birdcall maker, Covington, Alleghany County, Virginia
John Arthur Leonard, 1964-, decoy carver, Chincoteague, Accomack County, Virginia
Metal Crafts
Mbaye Fall, blacksmith, Ndjilasseme, Senegal
Billy Phelps, 1950-, blacksmith, Woodlawn, Carroll County, Virginia
Kelly Smyth, 1953-, marine blacksmith, Chadds Ford, Delaware County, Pennsylvania
Godfrey South, 1960-, blacksmith, Eynsford, Kent, England
Rural Crafts
Clyde Jenkins, 1954-, split-oak basket maker, Stanley, Page County, Virginia
Yoro Kébé, woodcarver, Ndjilasseme, Senegal
John Waller, 1971-, woodcarver, basket weaver, Blackham, Kent, England
Robert M. Watson, Jr., woodworker, Williamsburg, Virginia
Tobacco and Hops
Bob Cage, 1923-, tobacco auctioneer, South Boston, Halifax County, Virginia
Jim Crawford, 1951-, tobacco auctioneer, Roanoke, Virginia
Colin Felton, 1945-, hop picker, Kent, England
Derek Hitcham, 1942-, beer brewer, Kent, England
Kevin Owen, 1970-, tobacco farmer, Chatham, Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Bobby Wilkerson, 1941-, tobacco farmer, Ringgold, Pittsylvania County, Virginia
Working Dogs
Debbie Johnson, 1956-, dog trainer, Gladys, Campbell County, Virginia
Roy Johnson, 1935-, dog trainer, Gladys, Campbell County, Virginia
BUILDING ARTS
Jimmy Price, 1952-, mason, restorer, Monroe, Amherst County, Virginia
Peter Massey, master carpenter, house mover, Ashford, Kent, England
Colin McGhee, thatcher, Staunton, Virginia
Charles McRaven, 1935-, restorer, Free Union, Virginia
Linda McRaven, 1945-, restorer, Free Union, Virginia
Judy Hill, glass painter, Rochester, Kent, England
Keith Hill, stained glass conservator, Rochester, Kent, England
DECORATIVE CRAFTS
Car Culture
Larry Rathburn, 1948-, car builder, Catawba, Roanoke County, Virginia
Tom Van Nortwick, 1955-, designer, pinstriper, Ferrum, Franklin County, Virginia
Pottery
Fatou Wade, potter, Ndjilasséme, Senegal
Quilting Stories
54-40 African American Quilters Guild, Hampton, Virginia
Virginia Quilt Museum, Harrisonburg, Virginia -- Virginia Quilt Museum, Harrisonburg, VirginiaJoan Knight, 1945-, Harrisonburg, VirginiaJulia Renken, 1951-, Fairfax, VirginiaLoretta Shinol, 1940-, Springfield, VirginiaHelen L. Spittle, 1942-, Springfield, Virginia
Virginia Tribal Crafts
Lee Lovelace, 1987-, tribal artist, Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia
Mildred Gentle Rain Moore, 1934-, blackware potter, Pamunkey Indian Reservation, King William County, Virginia
Debora Littlewing Moore, 1967-, blackware potter, dancer, West Point, King William County, Virginia
Randy Robinson, 1982-, scratchboard artist, Southampton County, Virginia
George Whitewolf, 1942-, basket weaver, Lynchburg, Virginia
Karenne Wood, 1960-, linguist, beader, poet, dancer, Charles City, Charles City County, Virginia
FOODWAYS AND GARDENS
Cooking
Janice Canaday, 1957-, cook, caterer, Williamsburg, Virginia
Dawn Chesser, 1947-, cook, Saxis, Accomack County, Virginia
Amanda Cottrell, 1941-, cook, Ashford, Kent, England
Frances Davis, 1949-, cook, Rocky Mount, Franklin County, Virginia
Maïmouna Diène, cook, Ndjilasséme, Senegal
Mo Joslin, 1948-, cook, Tilmanstone, Kent, England
Patrice Olivon, 1957-, cook, Arlington County, Virginia
Clevie H. Wingate, 1951-, cook, Elk Creek, Grayson County, Virginia
Brunswick Stew
John D. Clary and The Proclamation Stew Crew, Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, Virginia -- John D. Clary and The Proclamation Stew Crew, Lawrenceville, Brunswick County, VirginiaJames P. Batchelor, Lawrenceville, VirginiaTim Bendall, Petersburg, VirginiaChiles Cridlin, Richmond, VirginiaRodney Elmore, Bracey, VirginiaLonnie Moore, Lawrenceville, Virginia
Gardening
George Carter, formal gardener, North Elmham, Norfolk, England
Sophia Sidney, formal gardener, Tonbridge, Kent, England
Michael Twitty, 1977-, provision gardener, Rockville, Montgomery County, Maryland
Tyrone Mangum, 1983-, school gardener, Hampton, Virginia
MARITIME TRADITIONS
Boat Building
Raynell Smith, 1948-, Deltaville Boat Builders, Deltaville, Middlesex County, Virginia
Steve Smith, 1945-, Deltaville Boat Builders, Deltaville, Middlesex County, Virginia
Jamie Smith, Smith's Marine Railway, Dare, York County, Virginia
Tim Smith, 1954-, Smith's Marine Railway, Dare, York County, Virginia
Alan Staley, 1945-, wooden boat builder, Faversham, Kent, England
Harbor Crafts and Activities
Ted Boscana, carpenter, Williamsburg, Virginia
Linda Benson, rope maker, Chatham Historic Dockyard, Chatham, Kent, England
Brenda O'Donovan, 1954-, rope maker, Chatham Historic Dockyard, Chatham, Kent, England
Marshall Scheetz, cooper, Williamsburg, Virginia
Historic Maritime Projects
Alexandria Seaport/Thomas Jefferson High School Project, Alexandria, Virginia
Reedville Fishermen's Museum/John Smith Boat Project, Reedville, Northumberland County, Virginia -- Reedville Fishermen's Museum/John Smith Boat Project, Reedville, Northumberland County, VirginiaRichard W. Bradt, Midlothian, VirginiaGordon Burgess, Reedville, VirginiaBill Rogers, Heathsville, VirginiaLionel Whitcomb, Reedville, Virginia
Sultana Shipyard/John Smith Boat Project, Chestertown, Kent County, Maryland
Working the Water
Danny K. Bowden, 1956-, gill-netter, crabber, guide, Chincoteague, Accomack County, Virginia
Marie Hill, oystering, Hobson Village, Suffolk County, Virginia
Mary Hill, 1960-, oystering, Hobson Village, Suffolk County, Virginia
Andy Riches, oystering, Whitstable, Kent, England
Ken Thomas, 1952-, gill-netter, fisher, Dungeness, Kent, England
Virginia Institute for Marine Science (VIMS), Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, Virginia -- Virginia Institute for Marine Science (VIMS), Gloucester Point, Gloucester County, VirginiaWyatt Vaughan, Farmville, VirginiaLester Vincent Williams, Prospect, Virginia
Gerald Anderson, 1953-, instrument-maker, Troutdale, Grayson County, Virginia
Dave Arthur, 1942-, musician, singer, Towbridge Wells, Kent, England
Husnu Aydogdu, 1948-, instrument maker, singer, Arlington County, Virginia
"Big Day Out" Powwow
Gretchen Bulova and dancers, Gadsby's Tavern Museum, Alexandria, Virginia
John Cephas, 1930-, guitarist, singer, Bowling Green, Caroline County, Virginia
La Chanchona de los Hermanos Lobo, Northern Virginia -- La Chanchona de los Hermanos Lobo, Northern VirginiaEfrain Lobo, 1967-, violin, Leesburg, VirginiaEliseo Lobo, vihuelaOsmar Lobo, conga, guïroOsmin Lobo, bassTrinidad Lobo, violin, Arlington, Virginia
The Church of God and Saints of Christ, Alexandria, Virginia
Cheikh Hamala Diabaté and Ensemble, Bambare, Mali -- Cheikh Hamala Diabaté and Ensemble, Bambare, MaliCheick Hamala Diabate, ngoni, Adelphi, MarylandFamouro Diabate, New York, New YorkMakany Kouyate, New York, New YorkBala Tounkara, New York, New York
Rex M. Ellis, 1951-, historian, Williamsburg, Virginia
Brien Fain, singer, banjoist, Stuart, Patrick County, Virginia
Scott Fore, guitarist, Radford, Virginia
Gospel Traveliers, Junior Traveliers, and Gospel Travelettes, Farmville, Prince Edward County, Virginia
Wayne Henderson and Friends, 1947-, Mouth of Wilson, Grayson County, Virginia
Lined-out Hymn Singers, Dillwyn, Buckingham County, Virginia
Linda Lay and Springfield Exit -- Linda Lay and Springfield ExitDavid Lay, Winchester, VirginiaLinda Lay, 1962-, Winchester, VirginiaSammy ShelorRicky Simpkins, Laurel, Maryland
Madison Hummingbirds, shout band, Portsmouth, Virginia
Jim Marshall, singer-songwriter, Hillsville, Carroll County, Virginia
The Midnight Ramblers, bluegrass band -- The Midnight Ramblers, bluegrass bandCherise Bates, 1990-, Wise, VirginiaPaula Bates, 1961-, Wise, VirginiaTony Bates, 1947-, Wise, VirginiaAustin Boggs, 1989-, Wise, VirginiaMarcus Johnson, 1989-, St. Paul, VirginiaAbe Mullins, 1988-, Dungannon, Virginia
The Millen Family, glee club harmony -- The Millen Family, glee club harmonyDonald Brian Levett, 1936-, Smarden, Ashford, Kent County, EnglandGerald Millen, 1926-, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent County, EnglandHilary David Millen, 1955-, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent County, EnglandHoward Batt Millen, 1928-, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent County, EnglandNeil Barrington Thrift Ridley, 1948-, Bethersden, Ashford, Kent County, England
Lucky Moyo, 1966-, Music for Change, Canterbury, Kent, England
Lonesome Will Mullins & The Virginia Playboys, Clintwood, Dickenson County, Virginia -- Lonesome Will Mullins & The Virginia Playboys, Clintwood, Dickenson County, VirginiaJarrod ChurchDuran DuttonRandy DuttonTom IsaacsWill Mullins, Clintwood, VirginiaKody Norris
Bou Counta Ndiaye Ensemble, Senegal -- Bou Counta Ndiaye Ensemble, SenegalBou Counta Ndiaye, Pikine, Daker, SenegalMamadou Ngoma Ndiaye, Pikine, Dakar, SenegalSidy Ndiaye, Department of Thies, SenegalBassirou Seck, Department of Diourbel, Senegal
New Ballard's Branch Bogtrotters, Galax, Virginia -- New Ballard's Branch Bogtrotters, Galax, VirginiaEddie Bond, 1971-, fiddle, Fries, VirginiaJosh Eller, mandolin, Galax, VirginiaLeon Frost, banjo, Galax, VirginiaDennis Hall, guitar, Galax, VirginiaJesse Morris, bass, Abingdon, Virginia
Reverend Frank Newsome, 1942-, Regular Baptist hymn-singer, Haysi, Dickenson County, Virginia
No Speed Limit, Galax, Virginia -- No Speed Limit, Galax, VirginiaStevie Barr, Galax, VirginiaRyan BlevinsAmber CollinsJacob Eller, Galax, VirginiaJosh Pickett
Vera Oye Yaa-Anna, 1949-, storyteller, Washington, D.C.
The Paschall Brothers, a cappella religious singers, Chesapeake, Virginia -- The Paschall Brothers, a cappella religious singers, Chesapeake, VirginiaTarrence Paschall, Sr., 1959-, Chesapeake, VirginiaTarrence Paschall, Jr., 1984-, Chesapeake, VirginiaFrank Paschall, Jr., 1953-, Chesapeake, VirginiaWilliam Paschall, 1963-, Norfolk, VirginiaRenard Freeman Sr., 1964-, Chesapeake, VirginiaRenard Freeman, Jr., 1987-, Chesapeake, VirginiaJohnny Lewis, 1949-, Virginia Beach, Virginia
Buddy Pendleton, 1935-, fiddle, Basset, Henry County, Virginia -- Buddy Pendleton, 1935-, fiddle, Basset, Henry County, VirginiaRobin Kauffman, 1979-, fiddle, Basset, Henry County, Virginia
Tim Laycock, 1952-, playwright, Kent, England
Sonia Ritter, 1958-, playwright, Kent, England
Kinney Rorrer and The New North Carolina Ramblers, old-time string band, Danville, Virginia -- Kinney Rorrer and The New North Carolina Ramblers, old-time string band, Danville, VirginiaDarren Moore, 1976-, guitar, autoharp, Keeling, VirginiaKinney Rorrer, 1946-, banjo, Danville, VirginiaJeremy Stephens, 1984-, guitar, fiddle, Danville, VirginiaKirk Sutphin, 1968-, fiddle, Walkertown, North Carolina
The Sama Ensemble, Persian music, Vienna, Fairfax County, Virginia -- The Sama Ensemble, Persian music, Vienna, Fairfax County, VirginiaGiti AbrishamiBahman AmeenAli Analouei, 1954-, drumsSofi BastaniBehzan BibizadehSteve BloomAudrey ElizabethHayedeh EradatArjan GanjiNeda HosseiniPuneh HosseiniNaser KhorasaniMohsen SalehiNeema ShabestariNazanin Zolriyasatein
Jeffrey Scott, 1965-, Piedmont blues guitarist, Culpeper, Culpeper County, Virginia
La Sensual, salsa band, Northern Virginia -- La Sensual, salsa band, Northern VirginiaBrenda Lee Bonano, maracas, Woodbridge, VirginiaRolando Marcos, keyboards,Woodbridge, Virginia
Ron Short, 1965-, guitar, singer-songwriter, Big Stone Gap, Wise County, Virginia
Spencer Strickland, mandolin maker, Troutdale, Grayson County, Virginia
Los Tecuanis, tiger dancer, Manassas, Virginia
Speedy Tolliver, fiddler, Arlington County, Virginia -- Speedy Tolliver, fiddler, Arlington County, VirginiaAndrew Acosta, Falls Church, VirginiaJohn Kaparakis, Arlington, VirginiaWilliam Patrick McCauley, Front Royal, Virginia
Larnell Starkey and the Spiritual Seven, gospel singers, Wirtz, Franklin County, Virginia -- Larnell Starkey and the Spiritual Seven, gospel singers, Wirtz, Franklin County, VirginiaDarledia Alexander, 1959-, Wirtz, VirginiaTravis Moore, 1996-Danny Starkey, 1954-Eric Starkey, 1980-Larnell Starkey, 1948-Tim Starkey, 1970-Walter Starkey, 1951-, Wirtz, VirginiaOtario Wells, 1995-Coleman Wright, 1956-
Virginia Tribal Dancers -- Virginia Tribal DancersPowhatan Red Cloud-Owen, 1948-, dancer, Charles City, Charles City County, VirginiaTara Danielle Bradby, 1984-, Providence Forge, VirginiaRufus Elliott, 1984-, Monroe, VirginiaDebora Littlewing Moore, 1967-, West Point, VirginiaQuinton Talbott, 1995-, Big Island, VirginiaKarenne Wood, 1960-, Charles City, Virginia
Whitetop Mountain Band -- Whitetop Mountain BandThornton Spencer, fiddle, Mouth of Wilson, Grayson County, VirginiaEmily Spencer, 1952-, banjo, Mouth of Wilson, Grayson County, VirginiaMartha Spencer, 1985-, guitar, fiddle, banjo, Mouth of Wilson, Grayson County, VirginiaDeborah Bramer, bass, Fancy Gap, VirginiaJackson Cunningham, 1977-, mandolin, Christiansburg, VirginiaSpencer Pennington, 1934-, guitar, Warrensville, North Carolina
Phil Wiggins, 1954-, harmonica player, Takoma Park, Montgomery County, Maryland
Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, Virginia -- Colonial Williamsburg, Williamsburg, VirginiaTed Boscana, Williamsburg, VirginiaMarshall Scheetz, Williamsburg, VirginiaTerry ThonRobert Watson, Williamsburg, Virginia
Liz Finn, archivist, Kent Archives, Canterbury, Kent, England
Julius Fuller, fraternity historian, Hampton, Virginia
Historic Jamestowne, Jamestown, James City County, Virginia
Jamestown Settlement, Jamestown, James City County, Virginia
Pamplin Historical Park and The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier, Petersburg, Virginia -- Pamplin Historical Park and The National Museum of the Civil War Soldier, Petersburg, VirginiaDaniel Beasley, 1978-, Petersburg, VirginiaAaron Bradford, 1983-, Petersburg, VirginiaJeffrey Dean, 1950-, Petersburg, VirginiaBrian Musselwhite, 1972-, Petersburg, VirginiaAl Neale, Petersburg, VirginiaWisteria Perry, 1975-, Petersburg, VirginiaAndrew Talkov, 1972-, Petersburg, Virginia
Virginia Raye, 1974-, sorority historian, Alexandria, Virginia
Paula Royster, 1966-, genealogist, Fredericksburg, Virginia
Smithsonian Anacostia Community Museum, Sperryville and Richmond Virginia Projects
Historic Archaeology
Enid Allison, 1957-, environmental archaeologist, Kent, England
Amanda Danning, sculptor, painter, woodcarver, Bay City, Texas
Marion Green, 1952-, archaeologist, Kent, England
Jamestown 2007 Community Program, Jamestown, James City County, Virginia
Access to the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections is by appointment only. Visit our website for more information on scheduling a visit or making a digitization request. Researchers interested in accessing born-digital records or audiovisual recordings in this collection must use access copies.
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from the Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections. Please visit our website to learn more about submitting a request. The Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections make no guarantees concerning copyright or other intellectual property restrictions. Other usage conditions may apply; please see the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for more information.
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Folklife Festival records: 2007 Smithsonian Folklife Festival, Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections, Smithsonian Institution.
This issue of Eastern Wind includes cover art designed by Miu Eng, organizational news, and an essay on Asians and the Women's Movement.
Collection Restrictions:
Use of the materials requires an appointment. Please contact the archivist at ACMarchives@si.edu
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Miu Eng Eastern Wind collection, Anacostia Community Museum Archives, Smithsonian Institution, gift of Miu Eng.
These records are the official minutes of the Board. They are compiled at the direction of the Secretary of the Smithsonian, who is also secretary to the Board, after
approval by the Regents' Executive Committee and by the Regents themselves. The minutes are edited, not a verbatim account of proceedings. For reasons unknown, there are no
manuscript minutes for the period from 1857 through 1890; and researchers must rely on printed minutes published in the Annual Report of the Smithsonian Institution instead.
Minutes are transferred regularly from the Secretary's Office to the Archives. Minutes less than 15 years old are closed to researchers. Indexes exist for the period from
1907 to 1946 and can be useful.
Historical Note:
The Smithsonian Institution was created by authority of an Act of Congress approved August 10, 1846. The Act entrusted direction of the Smithsonian to a body called
the Establishment, composed of the President; the Vice President; the Chief Justice of the United States; the secretaries of State, War, Navy, Interior, and Agriculture; the
Attorney General; and the Postmaster General. In fact, however, the Establishment last met in 1877, and control of the Smithsonian has always been exercised by its Board of
Regents. The membership of the Regents consists of the Vice President and the Chief Justice of the United States; three members each of the Senate and House of Representatives;
two citizens of the District of Columbia; and seven citizens of the several states, no two from the same state. (Prior to 1970 the category of Citizen Regents not residents
of Washington consisted of four members). By custom the Chief Justice is Chancellor. The office was at first held by the Vice President. However, when Millard Fillmore succeeded
to the presidency on the death of Zachary Taylor in 1851, Chief Justice Roger Brooke Taney was chosen in his stead. The office has always been filled by the Chief Justice
since that time.
The Regents of the Smithsonian have included distinguished Americans from many walks of life. Ex officio members (Vice President) have been: Spiro T. Agnew, Chester A.
Arthur, Allen W. Barkley, John C. Breckenridge, George Bush, Schuyler Colfax, Calvin Coolidge, Charles Curtis, George M. Dallas, Charles G. Dawes, Charles W. Fairbanks, Millard
Fillmore, Gerald R. Ford, John N. Garner, Hannibal Hamlin, Thomas A. Hendricks, Garret A. Hobart, Hubert H. Humphrey, Andrew Johnson, Lyndon B. Johnson, William R. King, Thomas
R. Marshall, Walter F. Mondale, Levi P. Morton, Richard M. Nixon, Nelson A. Rockefeller, Theodore Roosevelt, James S. Sherman, Adlai E. Stevenson, Harry S. Truman, Henry A.
Wallace, William A. Wheeler, Henry Wilson.
Ex officio members (Chief Justice) have been: Roger B. Taney, Salmon P. Chase, Nathan Clifford, Morrison R. Waite, Samuel F. Miller, Melville W. Fuller, Edward D. White,
William Howard Taft, Charles Evans Hughes, Harlan F. Stone, Fred M. Vinson, Earl Warren, Warren E. Burger.
Regents on the part of the Senate have been: Clinton P. Anderson, Newton Booth, Sidney Breese, Lewis Cass, Robert Milledge Charlton, Bennet Champ Clark, Francis M. Cockrell,
Shelby Moore Cullom, Garrett Davis, Jefferson Davis, George Franklin Edmunds, George Evans, Edwin J. Garn, Walter F. George, Barry Goldwater, George Gray, Hannibal Hamlin,
Nathaniel Peter Hill, George Frisbie Hoar, Henry French Hollis, Henry M. Jackson, William Lindsay, Henry Cabot Lodge, Medill McCormick, James Murray Mason, Samuel Bell Maxey,
Robert B. Morgan, Frank E. Moss, Claiborne Pell, George Wharton Pepper, David A. Reed, Leverett Saltonstall, Hugh Scott, Alexander H. Smith, Robert A. Taft, Lyman Trumbull,
Wallace H. White, Jr., Robert Enoch Withers.
Regents on the part of the House of Representatives have included: Edward P. Boland, Frank T. Bow, William Campbell Breckenridge, Overton Brooks, Benjamin Butterworth,
Clarence Cannon, Lucius Cartrell, Hiester Clymer, William Colcock, William P. Cole, Jr., Maurice Connolly, Silvio O. Conte, Edward E. Cox, Edward H. Crump, John Dalzell, Nathaniel
Deering, Hugh A. Dinsmore, William English, John Farnsworth, Scott Ferris, Graham Fitch, James Garfield, Charles L. Gifford, T. Alan Goldsborough, Frank L. Greene, Gerry Hazleton,
Benjamin Hill, Henry Hilliard, Ebenezer Hoar, William Hough, William M. Howard, Albert Johnson, Leroy Johnson, Joseph Johnston, Michael Kirwan, James T. Lloyd, Robert Luce,
Robert McClelland, Samuel K. McConnell, Jr., George H. Mahon, George McCrary, Edward McPherson, James R. Mann, George Perkins Marsh, Norman Y. Mineta, A. J. Monteague, R.
Walton Moore, Walter H. Newton, Robert Dale Owen, James Patterson, William Phelps, Luke Poland, John Van Schaick Lansing Pruyn, B. Carroll Reece, Ernest W. Roberts, Otho Robards
Singleton, Frank Thompson, Jr., John M. Vorys, Hiram Warner, Joseph Wheeler.
Citizen Regents have been: David C. Acheson, Louis Agassiz, James B. Angell, Anne L. Armstrong, William Backhouse Astor, J. Paul Austin, Alexander Dallas Bache, George
Edmund Badger, George Bancroft, Alexander Graham Bell, James Gabriel Berrett, John McPherson Berrien, Robert W. Bingham, Sayles Jenks Bowen, William G. Bowen, Robert S. Brookings,
John Nicholas Brown, William A. M. Burden, Vannevar Bush, Charles F. Choate, Jr., Rufus Choate, Arthur H. Compton, Henry David Cooke, Henry Coppee, Samuel Sullivan Cox, Edward
H. Crump, James Dwight Dana, Harvey N. Davis, William Lewis Dayton, Everette Lee Degolyer, Richard Delafield, Frederic A. Delano, Charles Devens, Matthew Gault Emery, Cornelius
Conway Felton, Robert V. Fleming, Murray Gell-Mann, Robert F. Goheen, Asa Gray, George Gray, Crawford Hallock Greenwalt, Nancy Hanks, Caryl Parker Haskins, Gideon Hawley,
John B. Henderson, John B. Henderson, Jr., A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr., Gardner Greene Hubbard, Charles Evans Hughes, Carlisle H. Humelsine, Jerome C. Hunsaker, William Preston
Johnston, Irwin B. Laughlin, Walter Lenox, Augustus P. Loring, John Maclean, William Beans Magruder, John Walker Maury, Montgomery Cunningham Meigs, John C. Merriam, R. Walton
Moore, Roland S. Morris, Dwight W. Morrow, Richard Olney, Peter Parker, Noah Porter, William Campbell Preston, Owen Josephus Roberts, Richard Rush, William Winston Seaton,
Alexander Roby Shepherd, William Tecumseh Sherman, Otho Robards Singleton, Joseph Gilbert Totten, John Thomas Towers, Frederic C. Walcott, Richard Wallach, Thomas J. Watson,
Jr., James E. Webb, James Clarke Welling, Andrew Dickson White, Henry White, Theodore Dwight Woolsey.
Footage taken by Milton E. Merriman, 1920s-1952. Most of the footage is of China, Japan, India, and Southeast Asia. The remainder features the Middle East; Europe & Great Bitain; Mexico, Puerto Rico, & South America; and the United States. The edited footage was used by Mr. Merriman in his travel lectures presented during the 1950s. ; Roll 6 consists of footage of China documenting Bei Hai Park on Qiong Hua Island, Beijing, including the White Dagoba and footage of visitors to the park. Also documents activity on boats and in the streets of the port city of Shanghai.
General:
Local Numbers: HSFA 1976.4.1-6
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
Milton E. Merriman travel films, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
This scrapbook includes articles, newspaper clippings, letters and photographs from various events and marches Grace participated in regarding the fight for returning surplus lands to Native peoples. These events and materials include--Fishing Rights March (1970) in Yelm, Washington with the McCloud family; Fort Lawton "Surplus" March (1970) in Seattle, Washington; Pit River versus P.G..E. (1970) in Big Bend, California; DQU, Deganawidah Quetzalcoatl University founding (1971) in Davis, California; and documentation as National Commitee Director for the "Return Surplus Lands to Indian People".
Separated Materials:
The cover and back of the scrapbook binder are in Box 12 since they are oversized.
Collection Restrictions:
Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).
Collection Rights:
Permission to publish materials from the collection must be requested from National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiphotos@si.edu. For personal or classroom use, users are invited users to download, print, photocopy, and distribute the images that are available online without prior written permission, provided that the files are not changed, the Smithsonian Institution copyright notice (where applicable) is included, and the source of the image is identified as the National Museum of the American Indian.
Collection Citation:
Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Grace F. Thorpe Collection, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.
Incomplete amateur edited film documenting an around-the world trip. The Fosters travel through southern Sudan and the Belgian Congo (Republic of Congo), Africa; Iraq; Thailand; Cambodia; and Calcutta, India. In Africa film records steamship voyage up unidentified tributary of the White Nile through marshy vegetation to British border post of Rejaf and an overland hunting trip from village of Irumu through the Ituri forest. Included are scenes of daily life on barges being pushed upriver by the steamer (men playing cards, head shaving and man playing stringed instrument); aspects of the steamer (wheelhouse, first class bunkhouse on upper deck, and white hunter shooting crocodile from deck); boys swimming in river; Irumu post house; loading expedition equipment on truck; truck crossing river on ferry made from dugout canoes; hunters being carried in primitive "sedan chairs" and workers clearing forest for road through the Ituri forest. Footage of Iraq is consists mostly of film aerial views shot out the window during airplane trip from Basra to Baghdad. Thailand footage includes the birthday celebration of King Rama III with scenes in the royal compound (including guards, nobelmen, children of noble families, King's children, and King and Queen), kite fighting tournament attended by the Royal family and extracting snake venom to make anti-toxins. Cambodian footage includes Angkor Wat.
Legacy keywords: Aerial photography ; Kites ; Royal houses ; Ruins ; Boats ; Crocodiles Africa ; Aerial views ; Tourism ; Palace Thailand ; Hunting Belgian Congo ; Travel ; Language and culture
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or Anthropology Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Local Numbers:
HSFA 1996.8.1
Provenance:
Received from John W. S. Foster, III in 1996 and 2000.
Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Genre/Form:
Travelogues (Motion pictures)
silent films
Citation:
John W. S. and Arthur D. Foster world travel films collection, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
Sponsor:
Cataloging supported by Smithsonian Institution Women's Committee.
Edited film shows life in Southeast Asia (country unspecified) through Geng and his brother. Shown are views of the countryside, school (science class and classmates playing games), girls fishing in the rivers, river boats with cargo and passengers and ancient temples.
Legacy Keywords: Children Asia ; Schools Asian ; Transportation Asian ; Temples
General:
Local Numbers: HSFA 1994.21.83
Collection Restrictions:
The collection is open for research. Please contact the archives for information on availability of access copies of audiovisual recordings. Original audiovisual material in the Human Studies Film Archives may not be played.
Collection Rights:
Contact the repository for terms of use.
Collection Citation:
REMC 2 educational film collection, Human Studies Film Archives, Smithsonian Institution
The collection consists of notes and photographs, both black and white negatives with prints and color slides. The notes comprise both reading notes and those made in the field.
For many of the buildings, the photographs show facades, structual and decorative details, and, often, interior views. For some structures, the photographs also show surroundings. There are also a few aerial photographs of settlements, photographs of models of Southeast Asian houses, and illustrations from books on houses. A few photographs show the construction of buildings and the use of tools for preparing building materials.
In addition to photographs of buildings, there are also portraits, some of natives and some of friends, and views of village scenes, markets, street vendors, processions and ceremonies, carts, food processing and preparation, burden bearing, water wheels, oxen, musicians and musical instruments, and such crafts as bronze casting, spinning, weaving, and the preparation of lacquer.
Please note that the contents of the collection and the language and terminology used reflect the context and culture of the time of its creation. As an historical document, its contents may be at odds with contemporary views and terminology and considered offensive today. The information within this collection does not reflect the views of the Smithsonian Institution or National Anthropological Archives, but is available in its original form to facilitate research.
Biographical Note:
Dorothy Pelzer (1915-1972) was educated at Cornell University and Principia College in Elsah, Illinois. She also studied at the Institute of Design ("New Bauhaus") in Chicago under Laszlo Moholy-Nagy and Walter Gropius and took a M.Arch. degree from the Massachusetts Institution of Technology in 1950. After this she was engaged in various activities, including teaching at Wellesley College. During the late 1950s, she toured rural Japan and and visited several Asian countries. Between 1962 and 1970, she traveled in Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Laos, Malaya, Philippines, Sarawak, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam documenting through photographs and drawings traditional building forms, including houses, granaries, temples, boats, and graves. Most of her work was self-financed, but in 1968 and 1971 she received support for her work from the J.D. Rockefeller III Foundation.
Provenance:
Received from the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore in 1989 and 1993 and the estate of Dorothy West Pelzer in 1997.
Restrictions:
The Dorothy West Pelzer papers is open for research.
Access to the Dorothy West Pelzer papers requires an appointment.
Covers his role as Chairman of the Department of Entomology, temporary move of the department to Lamont Street, and collecting trips to Micronesia, the Caribbean, and South America, c. 1956-1965, including: Role as Chairman of Department of Entomology;...
Collection Creator::
Clarke, J. F. Gates (John Frederick Gates), 1905-1990, interviewee Search this
Container:
Interviews
Type:
Archival materials
Collection Citation:
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Record Unit 9555, J. F. Gates Clarke Oral History Interviews
Many of SIA's holdings are located off-site, and advance notice is recommended to consult a collection. Please email the SIA Reference Team at osiaref@si.edu.
![View Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Steamboats [Ships, Boats, and Vessels] digital asset: Finding aid](https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=120&id=https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/findingaid.gif "Finding aid")
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![view Covers his role as Chairman of the Department of Entomology, temporary move of the department to Lamont Street, and collecting trips to Micronesia, the Caribbean, and South America, c. 1956-1965, including: Role as Chairman of Department of Entomology;... digital asset: On board the ship "Freelance", J. F. Gates (John Frederick Gates) Clarke, left, and Waldo LaSalle Schmitt, 1887-1977, right, part of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition of 1956, examine specimens they collected. [Image nos. SIA2011-1457 or 91-13156]](https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=170&id=https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/electronicresource.gif "On board the ship \"Freelance\", J. F. Gates (John Frederick Gates) Clarke, left, and Waldo LaSalle Schmitt, 1887-1977, right, part of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition of 1956, examine specimens they collected. [Image nos. SIA2011-1457 or 91-13156]")
![View Covers his role as Chairman of the Department of Entomology, temporary move of the department to Lamont Street, and collecting trips to Micronesia, the Caribbean, and South America, c. 1956-1965, including: Role as Chairman of Department of Entomology;... digital asset: On board the ship "Freelance", J. F. Gates (John Frederick Gates) Clarke, left, and Waldo LaSalle Schmitt, 1887-1977, right, part of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition of 1956, examine specimens they collected. [Image nos. SIA2011-1457 or 91-13156]](https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?max=120&id=https://sirismm.si.edu/siris/electronicresource.gif "On board the ship \"Freelance\", J. F. Gates (John Frederick Gates) Clarke, left, and Waldo LaSalle Schmitt, 1887-1977, right, part of the Smithsonian-Bredin Caribbean Expedition of 1956, examine specimens they collected. [Image nos. SIA2011-1457 or 91-13156]")
