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Brain rules 12 principles for surviving and thriving at work, home, and school John Medina

Author:: Medina, John 1956- Search this

Physical description:: 1 online resource (i, 288 pages) illustrations

Type:: Electronic resources; Electronic books

Date:: 2014

Topic:: Human information processing Search this; Perception Search this; Senses and sensation Search this; Knowledge, Theory of Search this; Brain Search this; Mental Processes Search this; Sensation Search this; PSYCHOLOGY--Cognitive Psychology Search this; SCIENCE--Cognitive Science Search this; Nonfiction Search this; Science Search this

Call number:: BF444 .M386 2014 (Internet)

Restrictions & Rights:: 1-user

Data Source:: Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:siris_sil_1147323

Yogi Berra

Artist:: Rhoda Sherbell, born 1938 Search this

Foundry:: Elliot Gantz & Co. Inc. Search this

Sitter:: Yogi Berra, 12 May 1925 - 22 Sep 2015 Search this

Medium:: Bronze

Dimensions:: With Base: 40.6 x 50.2 x 29.2cm (16 x 19 3/4 x 11 1/2"); Without Base: 33.3 x 50.2 x 29.2cm (13 1/8 x 19 3/4 x 11 1/2"); Base: 35.6 x 22.9cm (14 x 9")

Type:: Sculpture

Date:: 2000 cast after 1973 original

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Yogi Berra: Male Search this; Yogi Berra: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Yogi Berra: Sports and Recreation\Team manager\Baseball Search this; Yogi Berra: Sports and Recreation\Coach\Baseball Search this; Yogi Berra: Military and Intelligence\Navy Search this; Yogi Berra: Presidential Medal of Freedom Search this; Yogi Berra: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball\Catcher Search this; Yogi Berra: Purple Heart Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Dr. Marc and Susan Weinstein

Object number:: NPG.2000.57

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © Rhoda Sherbell; retained; nel sent to artist

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 342 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4cf35468b-6331-4596-8acc-a081fae1ee37

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.2000.57

Carlton Fisk

Artist:: Susan Miller-Havens, born 20 Jun 1944 Search this

Sitter:: Carlton Fisk, born 26 Dec 1947 Search this

Medium:: Oil on cotton duck

Dimensions:: Stretcher: 212.4 x 121.9 x 3.8cm (83 5/8 x 48 x 1 1/2"); Frame: 224.2 x 132.7 x 6.7cm (88 1/4 x 52 1/4 x 2 5/8")

Type:: Painting

Place:: United States\Massachusetts\Middlesex\Cambridge

Date:: 1993

Topic:: Carlton Fisk: Male Search this; Carlton Fisk: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Carlton Fisk: Baseball Hall of Fame Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Peter C. Aldrich, in memory of Duane C. Aldrich of Atlanta, Georgia

Object number:: NPG.2000.59

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © 1993 Susan Miller-Havens

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 342 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4d99c139f-b29e-4b3d-a58e-b19512f8abd5

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.2000.59

Reggie Jackson

Artist:: Howard Rogers, born 1932 Search this

Sitter:: Reginald Martinez Jackson, born 1946 Search this

Medium:: Tempera on board

Dimensions:: Sight: 67 x 48.2cm (26 3/8 x 19"); Frame: 87.6 x 67 x 5.7cm (34 1/2 x 26 3/8 x 2 1/4")

Type:: Painting

Date:: 1974

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball bat Search this; Reginald Martinez Jackson: Male Search this; Reginald Martinez Jackson: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Time magazine

Object number:: NPG.78.TC467

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 342 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4b3d41fd0-8275-4b9f-851a-edd76e0efaee

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.78.TC467

Juan Marichal

Artist:: Gerald Gooch, born 1933 Search this

Sitter:: Juan Marichal, born 20 Oct 1937 Search this

Medium:: Acrylic on canvas

Dimensions:: 81.9 x 74.3 x 2.5cm (32 1/4 x 29 1/4 x 1"); Frame: 92.4 x 84.1 x 6.4cm (36 3/8 x 33 1/8 x 2 1/2")

Type:: Painting

Date:: 1966

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball glove Search this; Juan Marichal: Male Search this; Juan Marichal: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Time magazine

Object number:: NPG.78.TC563

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © Gerald Gooch

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 341 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4480d73cc-d0d6-4a2c-a121-8d657f419c34

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.78.TC563

Robin Roberts

Artist:: Henry Koerner, 1915 - 1991 Search this

Sitter:: Robin Evan Roberts, 30 Sep 1926 - 6 May 2010 Search this

Medium:: Oil on canvas

Dimensions:: Stretcher: 71.1 x 55.9 x 2.5cm (28 x 22 x 1"); Frame: 79.1 x 63.8 x 5.1cm (31 1/8 x 25 1/8 x 2")

Type:: Painting

Date:: 1956

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Nature & Environment\Plant\Tree Search this; Exterior\Sports arena\Baseball stadium Search this; Robin Evan Roberts: Male Search this; Robin Evan Roberts: Sports and Recreation\Coach Search this; Robin Evan Roberts: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball\Pitcher Search this; Robin Evan Roberts: Business and Finance\Businessperson\Business executive\Investment Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Time magazine

Object number:: NPG.78.TC699

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © Henry Koerner

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 341 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4f3f9c1c4-49d9-4f3c-88c0-0889e48381b5

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.78.TC699

Casey Stengel

Artist:: Rhoda Sherbell, born 1938 Search this

Sitter:: Charles Dillon ("Casey") Stengel, 30 Jul 1890 - 29 Sep 1975 Search this

Medium:: Bronze

Dimensions:: With Base: 111.8 x 52.7 x 50.8cm (44 x 20 3/4 x 20"); Base: 52.7 x 50.8cm (20 3/4 x 20")

Type:: Sculpture

Date:: 1981 cast after 1965 original

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball Search this; Charles Dillon ("Casey") Stengel: Male Search this; Charles Dillon ("Casey") Stengel: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Charles Dillon ("Casey") Stengel: Sports and Recreation\Team manager\Baseball Search this; Charles Dillon ("Casey") Stengel: Sports and Recreation\Coach\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution

Object number:: NPG.81.67

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © Rhoda Sherbell

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 341 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4c041860f-d580-41aa-8089-1a8a48a2c754

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.81.67

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Billy Martin

Artist:: Richard Hess, 1934 - 1991 Search this

Sitter:: Alfred Manuel Martin Jr., 16 May 1928 - 25 Dec 1989 Search this

Medium:: Oil on canvas

Dimensions:: Sight: 40.3 x 30.5cm (15 7/8 x 12"); Frame: 64.1 x 53.3 x 4.4cm (25 1/4 x 21 x 1 3/4")

Type:: Painting

Date:: 1981

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball bat Search this; Alfred Manuel Martin Jr.: Male Search this; Alfred Manuel Martin Jr.: Sports and Recreation\Team manager\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Time magazine

Object number:: NPG.84.TC127

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 342 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm41eaecad6-5f34-47aa-8be6-906150e6b487

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.84.TC127

Mickey Mantle and Roger Maris

Artist:: Russell Hoban, 4 Feb 1925 - 13 Dec 2011 Search this

Sitter:: Mickey Charles Mantle, 20 Oct 1931 - 13 Aug 1995 Search this; Roger Eugene Maris, 10 Sep 1934 - 14 Dec 1985 Search this

Medium:: Casein on board

Dimensions:: Board: 87.9 x 61cm (34 5/8 x 24"); Frame: 100.3 x 73.3 x 5.1cm (39 1/2 x 28 7/8 x 2")

Type:: Painting

Date:: c. 1961

Topic:: Costume\Headgear\Hat Search this; Equipment\Sports Equipment\Baseball Equipment\Baseball Search this; Exterior\Sports arena\Baseball stadium Search this; Human Figures\Crowd Search this; Roger Eugene Maris: Male Search this; Roger Eugene Maris: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Mickey Charles Mantle: Male Search this; Mickey Charles Mantle: Sports and Recreation\Athlete\Baseball Search this; Portrait Search this

Credit Line:: National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Time magazine

Object number:: NPG.88.TC139

Restrictions & Rights:: Usage conditions apply

Copyright:: © Estate of Russell Hoban

See more items in:: National Portrait Gallery Collection

Exhibition:: Champions

On View:: NPG, South Gallery 341 Mezzanine

Data Source:: National Portrait Gallery

GUID:: http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sm4a245dc32-1401-4756-a546-0ad0703f7e80

EDAN-URL:: edanmdm:npg_NPG.88.TC139

Diary 3

Collection Creator:: Lowry, Janice Ann, 1946-2009 Search this

Container:: Box 2, Folder 3

Type:: Archival materials

Date:: 1958-1959

Collection Restrictions:: Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:: Janice Lowry papers, 1957-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:: Janice Lowry papers; Janice Lowry papers / Series 2: Diaries

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw988a5aaf4-ec17-4efa-8973-09e13d3ee4d8

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aaa-lowrjani-ref40

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Diary 5

Collection Creator:: Lowry, Janice Ann, 1946-2009 Search this

Container:: Box 2, Folder 5

Type:: Archival materials

Date:: 1961

Collection Restrictions:: Use of original papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:: The Archives of American Art makes its archival collections available for non-commercial, educational and personal use unless restricted by copyright and/or donor restrictions, including but not limited to access and publication restrictions. AAA makes no representations concerning such rights and restrictions and it is the user's responsibility to determine whether rights or restrictions exist and to obtain any necessary permission to access, use, reproduce and publish the collections. Please refer to the Smithsonian's Terms of Use for additional information.

Collection Citation:: Janice Lowry papers, 1957-2009. Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution.

See more items in:: Janice Lowry papers; Janice Lowry papers / Series 2: Diaries

Archival Repository:: Archives of American Art

GUID:: https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/mw9fb0c01c0-07b5-4cd0-9727-9f1da521085a

EDAN-URL:: ead_component:sova-aaa-lowrjani-ref42

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Duke Ellington Collection

Creator:: Ellington, Duke, 1899-1974 Search this

Names:: Duke Ellington Orchestra Search this; Washingtonians, The. Search this; Ellington, Mercer Kennedy, 1919-1996 (musician) Search this; Strayhorn, Billy (William Thomas), 1915-1967 Search this

Collector:: National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Musical History Search this

Extent:: 400 Cubic feet

Type:: Collection descriptions; Archival materials; Phonograph records; Papers; Photographic prints; Posters; Sound recordings; Scrapbooks; Music; Clippings; Awards; Audiotapes

Place:: New York (N.Y.) -- 20th century; Harlem (New York, N.Y.) -- 20th century; Washington (D.C.) -- 20th century

Date:: 1903 - 1989

Summary:: The collection documents Duke Ellington's career primarily through orchestrations (scores and parts), music manuscripts, lead sheets, transcriptions, and sheet music. It also includes concert posters, concert programs, television, radio, motion picture and musical theater scripts, business records, correspondence, awards, as well as audiotapes, audiodiscs, photographs, tour itineraries, newspaper clippings, magazines, caricatures, paintings, and scrapbooks.

Scope and Contents:: Dating approximately from the time Duke Ellington permanently moved to New York City in 1923 to the time the material was transferred to the Smithsonian Institution in 1988, the bulk of the material in the Duke Ellington Collection is dated from 1934-1974 and comprises sound recordings, original music manuscripts and published sheet music, hand-written notes, correspondence, business records, photographs, scrapbooks, news clippings, concert programs, posters, pamphlets, books and other ephemera. These materials document Ellington's contributions as composer, musician, orchestra leader, and an ambassador of American music and culture abroad. In addition, the materials paint a picture of the life of a big band maintained for fifty years and open a unique window through which to view an evolving American society.

The approximate four hundred cubic feet of archival materials have been processed and organized into sixteen series arranged by type of material. Several of the series have been divided into subseries allowing additional organization to describe the content of the material. For example, Series 6, Sound Recordings, is divided into four subseries: Radio and Television Interviews, Concert Performances, Studio Dates and Non-Ellington Recordings. Each series has its own scope and content note describing the material and arrangement (for example; Series 10, Magazines and Newspaper Articles, is organized into two groups, foreign and domestic, and arranged chronologically within each group). A container list provides folder titles and box numbers.

The bulk of the material is located in Series 1, Music Manuscripts, and consists of compositions and arrangements by Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn and other composers. Series 6, Sound Recordings also provides a record of the performance of many of these compositions. The materials in Series 2, Performances and Programs, Series 3, Business Records, Series 8, Scrapbooks, Series 9, Newspaper Clippings, Series 11, Publicity and Series 12, Posters provide documentation of specific performances by Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. Ellington was a spontaneous and prolific composer as evidenced by music, lyrical thoughts, and themes for extended works and plays captured on letterhead stationery in Series 3, Business Records, in the margin notes of individual books and pamphlets in Series 14, Religious Materials and Series 15, Books, and in the hand-written notes in Series 5, Personal Correspondence and Notes.

During its fifty-year lifespan, Duke Ellington and His Orchestra were billed under various names including The Washingtonians, The Harlem Footwarmers and The Jungle Band. The soloists were informally called "the band", and Series 3 includes salary statements, IOU's, receipts and ephemera relating to individual band members. Series 1, Music Manuscripts contains the soloists' parts and includes "band books" of several soloists (for example; Harry Carney and Johnny Hodges) and numerous music manuscripts of Billy Strayhorn. The changing role of Strayhorn from arranger hired in 1938 to Ellington's main collaborator and composer of many well-known titles for Duke Ellington and His Orchestra including "Take The A' Train" and "Satin Doll" can be traced in these music manuscripts. Series 7, Photographs and Series 2, Performances and Programs contain many images of the band members and Strayhorn. This Collection also documents the business history of Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. Series 3, Business Records contains correspondence on letterhead stationery and Series 11, Publicity contains promotional material from the various booking agencies, professional companies, and public relations firms that managed the Orchestra.

The materials in the Duke Ellington Collection provide insight into public and institutional attitudes towards African Americans in mid-twentieth-century America. The business records in Series 3 beginning in 1938 and published sheet music in Series 1 depict Duke Ellington's progression from an African-American musician who needed "legitimization" by a white publisher, Irving Mills, to a businessmen who established his own companies including Tempo Music and Duke Ellington, Incorporated to control his copyright and financial affairs. Programs from the segregated Cotton Club in Series 2, Performances And Programs and contracts with no-segregation clauses in Series 3: Business Records further illustrate racial policies and practices in this time period. The public shift in perception of Duke Ellington from a leader of an exotic "Jungle Band" in the 1930s to a recipient of the Congressional Medal Of Freedom in 1970 is evidenced in Series 2, Performances And Programs, Series 12, Posters, Series 7, Photographs and Series 13, Awards. Reviews and articles reflecting Ellington's evolving status are also documented in Series 8, Newspaper Clippings, Series 9, Scrapbooks, Series 10, Newspaper and Magazine Articles.

The materials in the Duke Ellington Collection reflect rapid technological changes in American society from 1923-1982. Sound recordings in Series 6 range from 78 phonograph records of three minutes duration manufactured for play on Victrolas in monaural sound to long-playing (LP) phonograph records produced for stereo record players. Television scripts in Series 4, programs in Series 2 and music manuscripts (for example, Drum Is A Woman) in Series 1 demonstrate how the development of television as a means of mass communication spread the Orchestra's sound to a wider audience. The availability of commercial air travel enabled the Ellington Orchestra to extend their international performances from Europe to other continents including tours to Asia, Africa, South America and Australia and archival material from these tours is included in every series.

Series 4, Scripts and Transcripts and Series 6, Audio Recordings contain scripts and radio performances promoting the sale of United States War bonds during World War II, and Series 7, Photographs includes many images of Duke Ellington and His Orchestra's performances for military personnel revealing the impact of historic events on Duke Ellington and His Orchestra. Series 2: Programs and Performances, Series 9, Newspaper clippings and Series 8, Scrapbooks document the 1963 Far East tour aborted as a result of President John F. Kennedy's assassination.

The Duke Ellington Collection contains works by numerous twentieth-century music, literature, and art luminaries. Series 1, Music Manuscripts contains original music manuscripts of William Grant Still, Eubie Blake, Mary Lou Williams, and others. Series 4, Scripts and Transcripts contains a play by Langston Hughes, and Series 12, Posters contains many original artworks.

Arrangement:: Series 1: Music Manuscripts, circa 1930-1981, undated

Series 2: Performances and Programs, 1933-1973, undated

Series 3: Business Records, 1938-1988

Series 4: Scripts and Transcripts, 1937-1970

Series 5: Personal Correspondence and Notes, 1941-1974, undated

Series 6: Sound Recordings, 1927-1974

Series 7: Photographs, 1924-1972, undated

Series 8: Scrapbooks, 1931-1973

Series 9: Newspaper Clippings, 1939-1973, undated

Series 10: Magazine Articles and Newspaper Clippings, 1940-1974

Series 11: Publicity, 1935-1988

Series 12: Posters and Oversize Graphics, 1933-1989, undated

Series 13: Awards, 1939-1982

Series 14: Religious Material, 1928-1974

Series 15: Books, 1903-1980

Series 16: Miscellaneous, 1940-1974

Biographical / Historical:: A native of Washington, DC, Edward Kennedy Ellington was born on April 29, 1899. Edward was raised in a middle-class home in the Northwest section of Washington described by his sister Ruth--younger by sixteen years--as a "house full of love." Ellington himself wrote that his father J.E. (James Edward) raised his family "as though he were a millionaire" but Edward was especially devoted to his mother, Daisy Kennedy Ellington. In 1969, thirty-four years after his mother's death, Ellington accepted the Presidential Medal of Freedom with these words, "There is nowhere else I would rather be tonight but in my mother's arms." Both his parents played the piano and Ellington began piano lessons at the age of seven, but like many boys he was easily distracted by baseball.

In his early teens, Ellington sneaked into Washington clubs and performance halls where he was exposed to ragtime musicians, including James P. Johnson, and where he met people from all walks of life. He returned in earnest to his piano studies, and at age fourteen wrote his first composition, "Soda Fountain Rag" also known as "Poodle Dog Rag." Ellington was earning income from playing music at seventeen years of age, and around this time he earned the sobriquet "Duke" for his sartorial splendor and regal air. On July 2, 1918, he married a high school sweetheart, Edna Thompson; their only child, Mercer Kennedy Ellington, was born on March 11, 1919. Duke Ellington spent the first twenty-four years of his life in Washington's culturally thriving Negro community. In this vibrant atmosphere he was inspired to be a composer and learned to take pride in his African-American heritage.

Ellington moved to New York City in 1923 to join and eventually lead a small group of transplanted Washington musicians called "The Washingtonians," which included future Ellington band members, Sonny Greer, Otto Hardwicke and "Bubber" Miley. Between 1923 and 1927, the group played at the Club Kentucky on Broadway and the ensemble increased from a quintet to a ten-piece orchestra. With stride pianist Willie "The Lion" Smith as his unofficial guide, Ellington soon became part of New York's music scene; Smith proved to be a long-lasting influence on Duke's composing and arranging direction. At the Club Kentucky, Ellington came under the tutelage of another legendary stride pianist, "Fats" Waller. Waller, a protege of Johnson and Smith, played solos during the band's breaks and also tutored Ellington who began to show progress in his compositions. In November 1924, Duke made his publishing and recording debut with "Choo Choo (I Got To Hurry Home)" released on the Blu-Disc label. In 1925, he contributed two songs to Chocolate Kiddies, an all-black revue which introduced European audiences to black American styles and performers. By this time Ellington's family, Edna and Mercer, had joined him in New York City. The couple separated in the late 1920's, but they never divorced or reconciled.

Ellington's achievements as a composer and bandleader began to attract national attention while he worked at the Cotton Club in Harlem, New York City, from 1927 to 1932. The orchestra developed a distinctive sound that displayed the non-traditional voicings of Ellington's arrangements and featured the unique talents of the individual soloists. Ellington integrated his soloists' exotic-sounding trombone growls and wah-wahs, their high-squealed trumpets, their sultry saxophone blues licks and Harlem's street rhythms into his arrangements. In the promotional material of the Cotton Club, the band was often billed as "Duke Ellington and His Jungle Band." With the success of compositions like "Mood Indigo," and an increasing number of recordings and national radio broadcasts from the Cotton Club, the band's reputation soared.

The ten years from 1932 to 1942 are considered by some major critics to represent the "golden age" for the Ellington Orchestra, but it represents just one of their creative peaks. These years did bring an influx of extraordinary new talent to the band including Jimmy Blanton on double bass, Ben Webster on tenor saxophone, and Ray Nance on trumpet, violin and vocals. During this ten year span Ellington composed several of his best known short works, including "Concerto For Cootie," "Ko-Ko," "Cotton Tail," "In A Sentimental Mood," and Jump For Joy, his first full-length musical stage revue.

Most notably, 1938 marked the arrival of Billy Strayhorn. While a teenager in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Strayhorn had already written "Lush Life," "Something To Live For" and a musical, Fantastic Rhythm. Ellington was initially impressed with Strayhorn's lyrics but realized long before Billy's composition "Take the A' Train" became the band's theme song in 1942 that Strayhorn's talents were not limited to penning clever lyrics. By 1942, "Swee' Pea" had become arranger, composer, second pianist, collaborator, and as Duke described him, "my right arm, my left arm, all the eyes in the back of my head, my brain waves in his head, and his in mine." Many Ellington/Strayhorn songs have entered the jazz canon, and their extended works are still being discovered and studied today. Strayhorn remained with the Ellington Organization until his death on May 30, 1967.

Ellington had often hinted of a work in progress depicting the struggle of blacks in America. The original script, Boola, debuted in Carnegie Hall in November of 1943, retitled Black, Brown and Beige. The performance met with mixed reviews, and although Ellington often returned to Carnegie Hall the piece was never recorded in a studio, and after 1944 was never performed in entirety again by the Ellington Orchestra. Nonetheless, it is now considered a milestone in jazz composition.

After World War II the mood and musical tastes of the country shifted and hard times befell big bands, but Ellington kept his band together. The band was not always financially self-sufficient and during the lean times Ellington used his songwriting royalties to meet the soloists' salaries. One could assign to Ellington the altruistic motive of loyalty to his sidemen, but another motivation may have been his compositional style which was rooted in hearing his music in the formative stage come alive in rehearsal. "The band was his instrument," Billy Strayhorn said, and no Ellington composition was complete until he heard the orchestra play it. Then he could fine tune his compositions, omit and augment passages, or weave a soloist's contribution into the structure of the tune.

In 1956, the American public rediscovered Duke and the band at the Newport Jazz Festival in Rhode Island. The searing performances of tenor saxophonist Paul Gonsalves on "Diminuendo and Crescendo In Blue," his premiere soloist, alto saxophonist Johnny Hodges on "Jeep's Blues", and the crowd's ecstatic reaction have become jazz legend. Later that year Duke landed on the cover of Time magazine. Although Ellington had previously written music for film and television (including the short film, Black and Tan Fantasy in 1929) it wasn't until 1959 that Otto Preminger asked him to score music for his mainstream film, Anatomy of a Murder, starring Jimmy Stewart. Paris Blues in 1961, featuring box-office stars Paul Newman and Sidney Poitier in roles as American jazz musicians in Paris, followed.

Ellington's first performance overseas was in England in 1933, but the 1960s brought extensive overseas tours including diplomatic tours sponsored by the State Department. Ellington and Strayhorn composed exquisite extended works reflecting the sights and sounds of their travels, including the Far East Suite, 1966. They wrote homages to their classical influences; in 1963, they adapted Tchaikovsky's Nutcracker Suite and celebrated Shakespeare's works with the suite Such Sweet Thunder in 1957. With Ella Fitzgerald, they continued the Norman Granz Songbook Series. Ellington also began to flex his considerable pianist skills and recorded albums with John Coltrane (1963), Coleman Hawkins (1963), Frank Sinatra, and Money Jungle (1963) with Charles Mingus and Max Roach. The First Sacred Concert debuted in San Francisco's Grace Cathedral in 1965. In his final years, Ellington's thoughts turned to spiritual themes and he added a Second (1968) and Third (1973) Concert of Sacred Music to his compositions.

In his lifetime, Duke received numerous awards and honors including the highest honor bestowed on an American civilian, the Congressional Medal Of Freedom. In 1965, Ellington was recommended for a Pulitzer Prize to honor his forty years of contribution to music but the recommendation was rejected by the board. Most likely he was disappointed, but his response at the age of sixty-six was, "Fate is being kind to me. Fate doesn't want me to be famous too young."

Ellington never rested on his laurels or stopped composing. Whenever he was asked to name his favorite compositions his characteristic reply was "the next five coming up," but to please his loyal fans Ellington always featured some of his standards in every performance. Even on his deathbed, he was composing the opera buffo called Queenie Pie.

Duke Ellington died on May 24, 1974 at seventy-five years of age. His funeral was held in New York's Cathedral of St. John The Divine; he was buried in Woodlawn Cemetery. His long-time companion Beatrice "Evie" Ellis was buried beside him after her death in 1976. He was survived by his only child, Mercer Kennedy Ellington, who not only took up the baton to lead the Duke Ellington Orchestra but assumed the task of caring for his father's papers and his legacy to the nation. Mercer Ellington died in Copenhagan, Denmark on February 8, 1996, at the age of seventy-six. Ruth Ellington Boatwright died in New York on March 6, 2004, at the age of eighty-eight. Both Mercer and Ruth were responsible for shepherding the documents and artifacts that celebrate Duke Ellington's genius and creative life to their current home in the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of American History.

Related Materials:: Materials in the Archives Center

William H. Quealy Collection of Duke Ellington Recordings (AC0296)

Rutgers University Collection of Radio Interviews about Duke Ellington (AC0328)

Duke Ellington Oral History Project (AC0368)

Duke Ellington Collection of Ephemera and realated Audiovisual Materials (AC0386)

Annual International Conference of the Duke Ellington Study Group Proceedings (AC0385)

Robert Udkoff Collection of Duke Ellington Ephemera (AC0388)

Frank Driggs Collection of Duke Ellington Photographic Prints (AC0389)

New York Chapter of the Duke Ellington Society Collection (AC390)

Earl Okin Collection of Duke Ellington Ephemera (AC0391)

William Russo Transcription and Arrangement of Duke Ellington's First Concert of Sacred Music (AC0406)

Ruth Ellington Collection of Duke Ellington Materials (AC0415)

Music manuscripts in the Ruth Ellington Collection complement the music manuscripts found in the Duke Ellington Collection.

Carter Harman Collection of Interviews with Duke Ellington (AC0422)

Betty McGettigan Collection of Duke Ellington Memorabilia (AC0494)

Dr. Theodore Shell Collection of Duke Ellington Ephemera (AC0502)

Edward and Gaye Ellington Collection of Duke Ellington Materials (AC0704)

Andrew Homzy Collection of Duke Ellington Stock Music Arrangements (AC0740)

John Gensel Collection of Duke Ellington Materials (AC0763)

Al Celley Collection of Duke Ellington Materials (AC1240)

Materials at Other Organizations

Institute of Jazz Studies

Separated Materials:: Artifacts related to this collection are in the Division of Culture and the Arts (now Division of Cultural and Community Life) and include trophies, plaques, and medals. See accessions: 1989.0369; 1991.0808; 1993.0032; and 1999.0148.

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Provenance:: The collection was purchased through an appropriation of Congress in 1988.

Restrictions:: Collection is open for research but the original and master audiovisual materials are stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Rights:: Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Copyright restrictions. Consult the Archives Center at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.

Paul Ellington, executor, is represented by:

Richard J.J. Scarola, Scarola Ellis LLP, 888 Seventh Avenue, 45th Floor, New York, New York 10106. Telephone (212) 757-0007 x 235; Fax (212) 757-0469; email: rjjs@selaw.com; www.selaw.com; www.ourlawfirm.com.

Occupation:: Composers -- 20th century Search this

Topic:: Big bands Search this; Pianists Search this; Bandsmen -- 20th century Search this; Jazz -- 20th century -- United States Search this; Musicians -- 20th century Search this; Music -- Performance Search this; African American entertainers -- 20th century Search this; African Americans -- History Search this; Popular music -- 20th century -- United States Search this; Music -- 20th century -- United States Search this; African American musicians Search this

Genre/Form:: Phonograph records; Papers; Photographic prints; Posters; Sound recordings; Scrapbooks -- 20th century; Music -- Manuscripts; Clippings; Awards; Audiotapes