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How the Artificial Organs of the Bionic Man Were Created

Creator:
Smithsonian Channel  Search this
Type:
YouTube Videos
Uploaded:
2014-04-25T19:48:39.000Z
YouTube Category:
Entertainment  Search this
See more by:
smithsonianchannel
Data Source:
Smithsonian Channel
YouTube Channel:
smithsonianchannel
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:yt_crGa0XDbSBQ

Ronald J. Leonard Papers

Creator:
Leonard, Ronald J.  Search this
Donor:
Leonard, Leona  Search this
Extent:
5 Cubic feet (12 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Diagrams
Design drawings
Notes
Lecture notes
Reports
Slides (photographs)
Date:
1966-2000
Summary:
The collection documents Ronald J. Leonard's work at Travenol Laboratories and Sarns/3M, developing pumps and oxygenators used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery.
Scope and Contents:
The collection documents Ronald J. Leonard's work at Travenol Laboratories and Sarns/3M, developing pumps and oxygenators used in cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. The papers include diagrams and design drawings, reports, test data, patent applications, lecture notes, correspondence, photographs, and slides.
Arrangement:
Materials are arranged in chronological order. The collections is arranged into 5 series:

Series 1: Personal Materials, 1966-1996

Series 2: Patent Materials, 1988-2000

Series 3: Project Files, 1969-1998

Series 4: Writings/Lectures/Presentations, 1985-1997

Series 5: Travenol Company Materials, 1967-1995
Biographical / Historical:
Ronald James Leonard was a biomedical engineer and inventor, born on August 17, 1939, in Cuba, New York, a son of Margaret and Roy Leonard. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from Clarkson College of Technology in Potsdam, New York, in 1961. He continued his education at Northwestern University in 1962, receiving his Master's in Mechanical Engineering. However, the majority of his work experience was centered in the biomedical engineering field.

He worked for the Naval Ordinance Lab in 1961, Allis-Chambers Research Division from 1962 to 1966, Travenol Laboratories from 1967 to 1985, and the Sarns/3M Company from 1985 to 1997. His early work at Allis-Chambers dealt with fuel cell power supplies. When he worked at Travenol Laboratories, a part of Baxter International Inc., and at the Sarns/3M Company, he helped develop and manufacture several medical devices and products for people with specific disorders, diseases, and conditions. He also worked as an adjunct assistant professor for Northwestern Technological Institute. In his retirement years, he did consulting work. He was also a member of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and the International Society for Artificial Organs (now known as the International Federation for Artificial Organs).

Leonard designed and patented several devices, including blood oxygenators and heat exchangers, as well as the hollow fiber tubing within the oxygenator. He held more than thirty U.S. patents. Much of his work was dedicated to improving and perfecting these devices, which were widely used for bypass surgeries and aided the lives of many Americans. His dedication to his work, constant research, and developments is clear in the many devices, studies, and years of service he provided.

Ronald J. Leonard passed away, January 14, 2007, at INOVA Fairfax Hospital, when he was 67 years old.
Separated Materials:
The Division of Medicine and Science holds artifacts related to this collection (Accession #: 2007.0106.01-13) documenting oxygenators, heat exchangers, an artificial heart valve, and vascular graft.
Provenance:
Donated to the Archives Center in 2007 by Leona Leonard.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Medical innovations  Search this
Medical instruments and apparatus  Search this
Heart -- Surgery  Search this
Cardiology  Search this
Medical Equipment  Search this
Genre/Form:
Diagrams
Design drawings
Notes
Lecture notes
Reports
Slides (photographs)
Citation:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1109
See more items in:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8bdfb4ecf-a6c9-4ac0-bd73-fe33522b4753
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1109

Artificial Kidney

Maker:
Edward A. Olson Co.  Search this
Physical Description:
steel (overall material)
plastic (overall material)
rubber (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 156.5 cm x 75 cm x 114 cm; 61 5/8 in x 29 17/32 in x 44 7/8 in
Object Name:
artificial kidney machine
artificial kidney
Place made:
United States: Massachusetts, Boston
Date made:
ca 1949
Subject:
Artificial Organs  Search this
Medicine  Search this
Kidney dialysis  Search this
Related Publication:
Kolff, Willem J.. The Artificial Kidney-Past, Present and Future
Credit Line:
John P. Merrill, M.D.
ID Number:
MG.291118
Catalog number:
M-13845
Accession number:
291118
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Health & Medicine
Artificial Hearts
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ab-694d-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1272088
Online Media:

Historic Artificial Organs Division

Collection Creator:
Leonard, Ronald J.  Search this
Container:
Box 9, Folder 5
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1967
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers
Ronald J. Leonard Papers / Series 5: Travenol Company Materials
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e9a40b24-7c5b-4aa0-947d-3ce97785ac28
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1109-ref573

Historic Artificial Organs Division Binder

Collection Creator:
Leonard, Ronald J.  Search this
Container:
Box 9, Folder 6
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
1967
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Ronald J. Leonard Papers
Ronald J. Leonard Papers / Series 5: Travenol Company Materials
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep892488130-6240-4306-b221-bbfda32bb744
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1109-ref574

Carrel-Lindbergh perfusion pump

Inventor:
Lindbergh, Charles A.  Search this
Maker:
Hopf, Otto  Search this
Physical Description:
glass (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 45 cm x 20 cm x 11 cm; 17 23/32 in x 7 7/8 in x 4 11/32 in
Object Name:
pump
perfusion pump
Place made:
United States: New York, New York
Date made:
ca 1935
Subject:
Medical  Search this
Artificial Organs  Search this
Related Publication:
Hallowell, Christopher. Charles Lindbergh's Artificial Heart
Credit Line:
Georgetown University
ID Number:
MG.M-12298
Accession number:
279576
Catalog number:
M-12298
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Health & Medicine
Artificial Hearts
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a5-00ee-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_688713
Online Media:

YORICK, The Bionic Skeleton

Maker:
Mueller, Edward  Search this
Physical Description:
synthetic polymers, plastic and rubber (overall material)
metals, titanium and stainless steel (overall material)
synthetic polyester fiber, dacron (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 164 cm x 36.5 cm x 21.5 cm; 64 9/16 in x 14 3/8 in x 8 15/32 in
Object Name:
skeleton model, human, with bionic devices
Date made:
1970s-1980s
Subject:
Artificial Organs  Search this
Credit Line:
Food and Drug Administration, US Department of Health and Human Services
ID Number:
2003.0205.01
Accession number:
2003.0205
Catalog number:
2003.0205.01
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Health & Medicine
Government, Politics, and Reform
Industry & Manufacturing
Science & Mathematics
Artificial Hearts
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746aa-72b6-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_1203675
Online Media:

Magovern-Cromie Artificial Heart Valve

Maker:
Codding, D. D.  Search this
Physical Description:
silicone (overall material)
titanium (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 2 3/8 in x 2 3/4 in x 2 3/4 in; 6.0325 cm x 6.985 cm x 6.985 cm
Object Name:
artificial heart valve
cardiology
Other Terms:
Surgery
Date made:
ca 1963
Subject:
Cardiology  Search this
Surgery  Search this
Artificial Organs  Search this
Prosthesis  Search this
Related Publication:
Society of Thoracic Surgeons, Southern Thoracic Surgical Association. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery, Vol. 69
Credit Line:
Dr. Patrick K. C. Chun
ID Number:
1981.0731.02
Accession number:
1981.0731
Catalog number:
1981.0731.02
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Artificial Heart Valves
Health & Medicine
Science & Mathematics
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746ae-8fd9-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_735418
Online Media:

Del Mar Avionics Holter Monitor Records

Inventor:
Del Mar, Bruce E., 1913-  Search this
Former owner:
Del Mar Avionics Corporation  Search this
Extent:
3 Cubic feet (8 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Correspondence
Date:
1951-2011
Summary:
Collection documents the development of the Holter Monitor, a portable device for continuously monitoring heart activity for an extended period, through engineering logbooks, drawings, operator manuals, correspondence, photographs, sales brochures and catalogs, biographical information about the engineering staff who worked on the monitor, patents and trademarks, and marketing and sales materials.
Scope and Contents:
The collection includes engineering logbooks, drawings, operator manuals, correspondence, photographs, sales brochures and catalogs, biographical information about the engineering staff who worked on the monitor, patents and trademarks, and marketing and sales materials documenting the development of the Holter Monitor, a portable device for continuously monitoring heart activity.

The records document the successful collaboration of an independent inventor and a manufacturing firm to identify problems, develop solutions and bring to market diagnostic technologies. Bruce Del Mar's role as an innovator and collaborator with Holter is especially important, because Del Mar's work spurred the development of an entire diagnostic industry. In addition, the records also chronicle how "Holter technology" was affected by progressive technological innovations in the industry, as vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors, as microprocessors gave way to microchips and circuit boards, and as analog recordings were replaced by digital formats.

Documenting manufacturing developments (highs and lows) and marketing considerations is an important element in better understanding the invention process. Del Mar Avionics was the first to design and manufacture instrumentation for long-term monitoring of the human heart for the medical profession. Today, Holter Monitors continue to be an important diagnostic tool for monitoring the health of the heart.

Series 1, Historical Background, 1951-2010 and undated, consists of biographical materials for Bruce Del Mar, founder of Del Mar Avionics, company histories, copies of the Del Mar Avionics newsletter Pacemaker, employee information, newspaper clippings and ephemera, and photographs of some employees. The employee information contains a 1979 handbook, explaining company policies and the benefits of employment with Del Mar Avionics and a 1951 memo detailing overtime working hours for women, presumably from Douglas Aircraft, where Bruce Del Mar was employed.

Series 2, Del Mar Avionics Engineering, 1958-1976, is divided into three subseries, Subseries 1, Correspondence, 1965-1976; Subseries 2, Reports, 1964-1969; and Subseries 3, Drawings, 1958-1968. The documentation consists primarily of correspondence from the engineering department, 1965 to 1976, related to the development, design, budgeting, testing, and marketing of the Holter Monitor. The majority of the documentation is correspondence and is written by engineering staff members, but also included are quotation requests, trip reports, and technical reports. Correspondence between Holter and Del Mar about the development of the Holter Minotor is in Series 6. The drawings, 1958-1968, include six drawings (22" x 34" or smaller) for Avionics Research Products projects (panel assembly, chassis assembly, and battery chargers for model 602), and Electromation Company (degausser single coil).

Series 3, Patents and Trademarks, 1965-2002 and undated, consists of copies of patents by Norman J. Holter, W.E. Mills, and W.E. Thornton, Cliff Sanctuary. and Isaac Raymond Cherry related to the development of the Holter Monitor. Also included are lists of United States patents issued to Del Mar Avionics employees, as well as lists of registered trademarks and activities for Del Mar Avionics and copies of trademarks issued to the company.

Series 4, Product Literature, 1968-2010 and undated, consists of product literature for Del Mar Avionics products and some of its competitors. The product literature for Del Mar Avionics is arranged chronologically by model number, and the competitor literature is arranged alphabetically. All of the product literature is related to medical instrumentation with the exception of the Hydra Set, a precision load positioner which is the only product Del Mar Avionics sells today.

Series 5, Sales, 1967-1985, consists of price lists, price catalogs (both domestic and international) and sales objectives for medical instrumentation sold by Del Mar Avionics.

Series 6, Holter Monitor Materials, 1958-2005 and undated, is divided into three subseries, Subseries 1, Background Materials, 1958-2005 and undated; Subseries 2, Model 445, 1974-1978; and Subseries 3, Model 660, 1967-1978 and undated, and consists of materials documenting the relationship between Norman J. Holter, an inventor, and Del Mar Avionics.

Holter and Wilford R. Glassock were issued United States Patent 3,215,136 on November 2, 1965 for the Electrocardiographic Means. Dr. Eliot Corday introduced Holter to Bruce Del Mar, founder of the Del Mar Avionics Corporation in Irvine, California. Del Mar engineers developed the "electrocardiocorder" for clinical use, producing a commercially viable monitor which came to be known as the Holter Monitor Test. Further refinements led to the creation of a "minimonitor" in 1968 which was described by Holter as being the "size of a cigarette package." Commercial production of the Holter minimonitor, AVSEP, Jr., began in 1969. The Holter Research Foundation ultimately sold exclusive rights to their patents to Del Mar Engineering Laboratories.

The materials include biographical materials about Norman J. Holter, journal articles about the Holter Monitor, correspondence, engineering notebooks, a licensing agreement, product literature, reports, price lists, catalogs, operating manuals and specific information about the Dynamic Del Mar Avionics ElectroCardioCorder (Model 445), 1977, and the ElectroCardioScanner (Model 660), 1971. Both models were developed by Del Mar's medical device manufacturing staff. The licensing agreement and correspondence detail in chronological order the relationship between Norman Holter and Del Mar Avionics, specifically president Bruce Del Mar, in the rapid commercial marketing and development of Holter's electrocardiorecorder. Although Holter assigned exclusive rights to his patent to Del Mar Avionics, he was involved in the design and development process, albeit from a distance. The engineering staff at Del Mar kept Holter informed, and it is clear that Holter regularly visited the company.

The engineering notebooks relate to the models 445 and 660. The notebooks were maintained by engineering staff members D. Anderson, N. Mohammedi, Ray Cherry and Fike. The notebooks are handwritten, although in some instances memos and other information have been inserted. For example, N. Mohammedi's notebook documenting Model 445 contains black-and-white prints, magnetic tape samples, and recorder tape (EKG graph paper) samples with data from the monitor. The notebooks are bound and paginated, and individual pages are stamped sequentially.

Series 7, Slides, circa 1990s, consists of color slides used for presentations by Del Mar Avionics staff to discuss and promote the marketing of the Holter Monitor.
Arrangement:
The collection is arranged into seven series.

Series 1, Historical Background, 1951-2010 and undated

Series 2, Del Mar Avionics Engineering, 1958-1976

Subseries 1, Correspondence, 1965-1976

Subseries 2, Reports, 1964-1969

Subseries 3, Drawings, 1958-1968

Series 3, Patents and Trademarks, 1965-2002 and undated

Series 4, Product Literature, 1968-2010 and undated

Subseries 1, Del Mar Avionics, 1968-2010 and undated

Subseries 2, Competitors, 1974 and undated

Series 5, Sales, 1967-1985

Series 6, Holter Monitor Materials, 1958-2005

Subseries 1, Background Materials, 1958-2005

Subseries 2, Model 445, 1974-1978

Subseries 3, Model 660, 1967-1978 and undated

Series 7, Slides, circa 1990s
Biographical / Historical:
Norman Jefferis "Jeff" Holter (1914-1983) was born in Helena, Montana, to a prominent Montana pioneering family. After attending public schools in Helena, he earned master's degrees in chemistry from the University of Southern California (1938) and physics from the University of California, Los Angeles (1940). During these years Holter also organized Applied Micro Sciences, a scientific photography business, and began working with Dr. Joseph A. Gengerelli of UCLA on nerve stimulation in frogs and brain stimulation in rats. Holter's interest in studying electrical activity in humans in their daily activities without touching them, spawned his lifelong pursuit to develop the Holter Monitor.

During World War Two, Holter served as a senior physicist for the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Ships, conducting research into the behavior of ocean waves in preparation for wartime amphibious operations. After the war, in 1946, Holter headed a staff of oceanographic engineers at Bikini Atoll during Operation Crossroads, the first postwar atomic bomb tests, measuring wave actions and underwater disturbances caused by the explosions.

Because of demands of his family's business affairs, Holter returned to Helena in 1947 to continue his research activities. In 1947 he formed the Holter Research Foundation, with a laboratory originally located in the rear of the Holter Hardware Company building. From 1956 to 1971 the laboratory facilities were located in the Great Northern Railroad depot building in Helena. The foundation was initially funded by Holter and other members of his family, but in 1952 Holter began to receive grants from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Holter continued his collaboration with Dr. Gengerelli of UCLA in attempting to transmit information, primarily brain waves, by radio. Holter turned his attention from the brain to the heart because the heart's greater voltage made the electronics easier, and because heart disease was far more prevalent than cerebral disease. Holter's introduction to Dr. Paul Dudley White (1886-1973), a renowned physician and cardiologist, helped convince him to focus his research on recording electrical activity from the heart. Holter's goal was to radio broadcast and record the more obvious electrophysiological phenomena occurring in humans while carrying on their normal activities, rather than having to lie quietly on a couch.

The first broadcast of a radioelectrocardiogram (RECG) took place circa 1947 and required eighty to eighty-five pounds of equipment, which Holter worn on his back while riding a stationary bicycle. This was not practical and in no way could be worn by a patient. The initial transmitter and receiver required that the subject remain in the general area of the laboratory, so a portable and lighter RECG receiver-recorder had to be developed.

Next, Holter created a briefcase-like device that could be carried by a patient. By using very thin magnetic recording tape, twenty-four hours of RECG could be captured on a reel five inches in diameter. The initial method of examining the voluminous records from the tape recordings developed by Holter was called Audio-Visual Superimposed ECG Presentation (AVSEP). AVSEP made it possible to examine twenty-four hours of RECGs in twenty minutes, with signals being presented visually on an oscilloscope and audibly through a speaker.

With the development of transistors, radioelectrocardiography was made obsolete, and it became possible for the amplifier, tape recorder, temperature-control circuits, motor speed control circuits, and batteries to be placed in a single unit small enough for a coat pocket or purse. In 1952, Holter succeeded in creating a small unit that weighed 1 kilogram. Wilford R. Glassock, a senior engineer working with Holter, traveled to Cedars of Lebanon Hospital (now Cedars-Sinai Hospital of Los Angeles) in 1962 to demonstrate the Holter monitor system and discuss making it more practical. At Cedars, Dr. Eliot Corday observed the practicality of the system and not only embraced the technology, but collaborated with Holter's team and was an early promoter of the technology to both industry and physicians. Holter and Glassock were issued US Patent 3,215,136 on November 2, 1965 for the Electrocardiographic Means.

As articles describing the foundation's invention of these devices began to appear in the professional literature, there was considerable demand from doctors and hospitals for the equipment. Dr. Corday introduced Holter to Bruce Del Mar, founder of the Del Mar Avionics Corporation in Irvine, California. Del Mar engineers developed the "electrocardiocorder" for clinical use, producing a commercially viable monitor which came to be known as the Holter Monitor Test. Further refinements led to the creation of a "minimonitor" in 1968, which was described by Holter as being the "size of a cigarette package." Commercial production of the Holter minimonitor, AVSEP, Jr., began in 1969. The Holter Research Foundation ultimately sold exclusive rights to their patents to Del Mar Engineering Laboratories.

Later known as Del Mar Avionics, a team of engineers diverted their attention from successful manufacturing of military weapons training devices to focus on improving the speed and accuracy of computerized ECG analysis and they became the acknowledged leader in Holter monitoring technology for over 40 years. In 1969, because of the increased amount of required paper work and red tape, Holter canceled the grant funding his foundation had been receiving from NIH. He was also in constant conflict with the Internal Revenue Service over the foundation's non-profit status, rights to patents, and commercial production of equipment. The foundation continued to maintain a laboratory and conduct varied scientific work, but on a much smaller scale. The Holter Research Foundation, Inc. was dissolved in 1985, two years after Holter's death.

Del Mar Avionics was founded on January 9, 1952, as Del Mar Engineering Laboratories in Los Angeles, California by Bruce Del Mar, who led the development of aircraft cabin pressurization systems. Del Mar was born in Pasadena, California in 1913. An engineer, inventor, entrepreneur and businessman, Del Mar graduated from the University of California, Berkeley (1937) with a Bachelor of Science degree. Del Mar worked for Douglas Aircraft (1933-1951) as a research engineer on many projects before founding Del Mar Engineering Laboratories. In 1938, Del Mar married Mary Van Ness. The couple had two daughters, Patrica Jean Parsons and Marna Belle Schnabel.

In 1958, Del Mar formed a wholly-owned subsidiary, Electromation Inc., which manufactured tape recording and communication equipment. He later established, Aeroplastics Corporation to manufacture plastic products and Avionics Research Products Corporation to develop and produce biomedical instrumentation. By the mid-1960s, the company had become a leading U.S. Defense Department prime contractor in the development and production of aerial tow target systems for weapons training and instrumented ground targets for scoring air-to-ground automatic weapons delivery. It also produced helicopter target drones and helicopter flight trainers for the U.S. Army.

In 1961, the company entered the growing medical instrumentation market with the development of the first long-term ambulatory monitoring systems.

In 1965, the company introduced the Hydra Set Load Positioner that controls the precise vertical positioning of loads up to 300 tons (272,000 kg) in increments as small as 0.001 inch (0.025mm). This unique product, mounted between the load and the crane (or hoist), permits precise mating and de-mating of critical components, thus eliminating unforeseen damage to valuable loads. Hydra Set Load Positioners are in use worldwide in the aerospace, military/commercial aviation, nuclear and fossil fuel power generating industries and in various industrial applications. In 1975, the company, then re-named Del Mar Avionics, moved to its current location in Irvine, California.
Related Materials:
Materials in the Archives Center

Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection [videotapes], 2002 (AC0841) documents the invention and development of artificial internal organs through oral history interviews with scientists and others involved.

The James A. E. Halkett and Sigmund A. Wesolowski, M.D., Papers, 1948-1951 (AC0200) documents Halkett and Wesolowski's experiments on an early mechanical heart. Halkett and Wesolow(ski) materials show the process of technological innovation through laboratory protocols.

The George Edward Burch Papers, 1984-1986 (AC0316) documents Burch's pioneering work in clinical cardiology and research through technical notes, diagrams, and correspondence regarding laboratory work on the "2-pump heart model," 1984-1986.

Wilson Greatbatch Innovative Lives Presentation, 1996 (AC0601) documents the invention of the implantable cardiac pacemaker in 1958.

The Ronald J. Leonard Papers, circa 1980-1997 (AC1109) documents Leonard's development of pumps and oxygenators used in cardio-pulmonary bypass surgery.

Materials in the Division of Medicine and Science, National Museum of American History

The Division of Medicine and Science (now Division of Medicine and Science) holds two monitors: the Dynamic and the Del Mar Avionics ElectroCardioCorder (Model 445), 1977 and the ElectroCardioScanner (Model 660), 1971. Both were developed by Del Mar's Medical Device Manufacturing staff. See accession #: 2011.0196.

Materials at the Montana Historical Society Research Center, Archives

Holter Family papers, 1861-1968

Includes documentation about the Holter Research Foundation, Inc.

Holter Research Foundation, Inc. records, 1914-1985

The Holter Research Foundation, Inc. was a private, non-profit, scientific research foundation started in Helena, Montana, in 1947 by Norman J. "Jeff" Holter. Records (1914-1985) include correspondence, financial records, laboratory records, subject files, photographs, etc. Also included are subgroups for N.J. Holter; his work in the U.S. Navy on bombs and waves; his work as assistant chancellor at University of California, San Diego; and the Society of Nuclear Medicine.
Provenance:
The collection was donated by Del Mar Avionics through Bruce Del Mar, President on September 12, 2011.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research but is stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning intellectual property rights. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Medical innovations  Search this
Patents  Search this
Medical instruments and apparatus  Search this
Genre/Form:
Correspondence
Citation:
Del Mar Avionics Holter Monitor Records, dates, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.1249
See more items in:
Del Mar Avionics Holter Monitor Records
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep817067f09-60ab-459a-919f-0ef2a3d6da5b
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1249
Online Media:

Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]

Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Collector:
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Science, Medicine, and Society  Search this
Extent:
2 Cubic feet (8 boxes)
Type:
Collection descriptions
Archival materials
Dvds
Videotapes
Videocassettes
Date:
2002
Summary:
A series of interviews conducted jointly by the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, the National Museum of American History, and the National Library of Medicine. The interviews are of scientists and others involved in the invention and development of artificial internal organs.
Scope and Contents:
The collection consists of 7 ½ hours of original BetaCam SP and ½" VHS videos documenting Dr. Willem Kolff, a pioneering doctor in the area of artificial organ innovations and 4 ½ hours of original mini digital video and reference dvds documenting Robert Jarvik.
Arrangement:
Collection is arranged into three series.

Series 1: Project Bionic Information, undated

Series 2: Original Videos, 2002

Series 3: Reference Videos, 2002
Biographical / Historical:
Project Bionics was a multi-year project to engage, educate, and provide services to researchers, scholars and the general public about artificial organs, past, present, and future. The project recognized individual and corporate contributions to artificial organ history; identified individuals and their contributions to the improved quality and length of life; collected and preserved the records of leading scientists and practitioners in the field; linked past accomplishments to present and future developments; and encouraged education, scholarship, and research on artificial organ history. The project was a collaborative effort of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, the National Museum of American History, and the National Library of Museum.
Provenance:
Collection made for National Museum of American History through a collaborative effort of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs, the National Museum of American History, and the National Library of Museum.
Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Topic:
Artificial organs  Search this
Genre/Form:
DVDs
Videotapes -- 2000-2010
Videocassettes
Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0841
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8dff7c550-b346-426a-a1ab-e97b66adb253
EDAN-URL:
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0841

Lifeline for Tomorrow

Collection Creator:
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Medical Sciences  Search this
National Museum of American History (U.S.). Division of Medical Sciences  Search this
Container:
Item RF12 222.19
Type:
Archival materials
Scope and Contents:
Produced by Bonnie F. Wolfram, M.D., and Educational Media,Inc. ; presented by Baxter Labs. 1 reel (954 ft.) : sd., col. ; 16mm. positive. Credits: Vesalius Model Photography at Clevland Health Museum. Summary: The human body is beautiful, but it is exposed to sickness constantly. Vital organs can be destroyed by disease. "First line of defense is knowledge." The purpose of this film is to test your knowledge. Know your body and how disease works: 1. What organs are essential to life: brain, heart, lungs, liver, intestines, kidneys. 2. Major artificial organs now in use: heart, lung and kidney. Explains kidneys and urinary systems, diseases such as nefrosis and symptoms of diseases. Discusses transplants, dialysis, kidney stones and artificial kidneys. Also the financial problems involved. There is "Hope-filled progress, but more needs to be done. Guard your health and enjoy the beauty of life."
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Medical Sciences Film Collection, circa 1930s-1960s, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
See more items in:
Medical Sciences Film Collection
Medical Sciences Film Collection / Series 5: Advertisements
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep845851ca6-31d0-4427-b9da-53394ffc60f4
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0222-ref198

Electrohydraulic artificial heart

Maker:
Kolff Laboratory  Search this
Physical Description:
salastic (overall material)
dacron (overall material)
metal (overall material)
velcro (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 5 in x 6 1/2 in; 12.7 cm x 16.51 cm
overall: 4 in x 7 1/4 in x 7 3/4 in; 10.16 cm x 18.415 cm x 19.685 cm
Object Name:
heart, artificial
artificial heart, electrohydraulic
Place made:
United States: Utah, Salt Lake City
Date made:
1977-10-28
Subject:
Cardiology  Search this
Artificial Organs  Search this
Medicine  Search this
Related Publication:
Kolff, Willem J., M.D. et al.. Electrohydraulic-Clamshell Heart with Energy Converter Inside the Compliance Reservoir
Credit Line:
Willim J. Kolff, M.D.
ID Number:
1998.0035.169
Accession number:
1998.0035
Catalog number:
1998.0035.169
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Health & Medicine
Artificial Hearts
Exhibition:
Inventing In America
Exhibition Location:
National Museum of American History
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a4-18df-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_334924

Atomic Artifical Heart

Maker:
Akutsu, Tetsuzo  Search this
Physical Description:
silicone (overall material)
dacron (overall material)
metal (overall material)
Measurements:
overall: 5 1/2 in x 2 3/4 in x 3 in; 13.97 cm x 6.985 cm x 7.62 cm
overall: 3 3/8 in x 3 5/8 in x 7 1/2 in; 8.5725 cm x 9.2075 cm x 19.05 cm
Object Name:
artificial heart
heart, artificial
Place made:
United States: Ohio, Cleveland
Date made:
1962-1964
Subject:
Cardiology  Search this
Surgery  Search this
Health Care  Search this
Artificial Organs  Search this
Related Publication:
Hiller, Kirby W.; et al.. An Electronic-Mechanical Control for an Intrathoracic Artificial Heart
Credit Line:
Willem J. Kolff, M.D.
ID Number:
1998.0035.040.02
Catalog number:
1998.0035.040
Accession number:
1998.0035
See more items in:
Medicine and Science: Medicine
Government, Politics, and Reform
Artificial Hearts
Data Source:
National Museum of American History
GUID:
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ng49ca746a4-1fc8-704b-e053-15f76fa0b4fa
EDAN-URL:
edanmdm:nmah_600251
Online Media:

Project information

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Container:
Box 1, Folder 1
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes] / Series 1: Project Bionic Information
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f3fb6014-6bde-4459-ae09-858b4f5e8c49
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref512

Kolff Interview Background Materials

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Container:
Box 1, Folder 2
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes] / Series 1: Project Bionic Information
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep89e5aba0c-09be-4d11-bda5-6ae64c6bf64c
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref513

Project Bionic Information

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
undated
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0841, Series 1
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8ca8fcd18-c1e9-4fd6-985b-bc137b34c518
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref514

Original Videos

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
2002
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0841, Series 2
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82ce43230-ebf0-4a41-93cd-604b77cccd48
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref515

Dr. Robert Jarvik Interview

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Extent:
5 Videocassettes (BetacamSP)
5 Videocassettes (MiniDV)
Container:
Box 1, Item OV 841.16-20
Box 7, Item OV 841.16-20
Type:
Archival materials
Moving Images
Videocassettes (betacamsp)
Videocassettes (minidv)
Date:
2006-01-31
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes] / Series 2: Original Videos
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep80e60cb69-704e-4b93-9886-93e6ba562a98
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref516

Dr. Willem Kolff Oral History Interview

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Extent:
15 Videocassettes (BetacamSP)
Container:
Box 2, Item OV 841.1-10
Box 3, Item OV 841.11-15
Type:
Archival materials
Moving Images
Videocassettes (betacamsp)
Date:
2002
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes] / Series 2: Original Videos
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8f48aaeba-6e1b-40dc-9d30-432d6bac3019
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref517

Reference Footage

Collection Creator:
American Society for Artificial Internal Organs  Search this
National Library of Medicine  Search this
Collection Interviewee:
Jarvik, Robert K., 1946-  Search this
Kolff, Wilhelm, 1911-  Search this
Topaz, Stephen  Search this
Watson, John (M.D.)  Search this
Collection Interviewer:
Kondratas, Ramunas A.  Search this
McKellar, Shelley  Search this
Type:
Archival materials
Date:
2002
Collection Restrictions:
Collection is open for research.
Collection Rights:
Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.
Collection Citation:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History.
Identifier:
NMAH.AC.0841, Series 3
See more items in:
Project Bionics Artificial Organ Documentation Collection, [videotapes]
Archival Repository:
Archives Center, National Museum of American History
GUID:
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8ba5537bf-b602-4032-ad72-116f31254407
EDAN-URL:
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0841-ref518

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