Search Results

Creator:

National Museum of the American Indian  Search this

Type:

Symposia

YouTube Videos

Uploaded:

2013-11-19T18:32:11.000Z

YouTube Category:

Education  Search this

Topic:

Native Americans;American Indians  Search this

See more by:

SmithsonianNMAI

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

YouTube Channel:

SmithsonianNMAI

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:yt_bxEy8EyU3cU

Collector:

Evans, Clifford, 1920-1981  Search this

Photographer:

Harris & Ewing  Search this

Tolman, Ruel P. (Ruel Pardee), 1878-1954  Search this

Names:

National Museum of Natural History (U.S.). Department of Anthropology  Search this

Holmes, William Henry, 1846-1933  Search this

Hough, Walter, 1859-1935  Search this

Judd, Neil Merton, 1887-1976  Search this

Newman, Marshall T. (Marshall Thornton), 1911-1994  Search this

St. Hoyme, Lucile Eleanor  Search this

Stephenson, Robert L. (Robert Lloyd), 1919-  Search this

Strong, William Duncan, 1899-1962  Search this

Wetmore, Alexander, 1886-1978  Search this

Extent:

6 Prints (silver gelatin)

1 Print (halftone or collotype)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Photographs

Date:

circa 1933-1952

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs depicting members of the Smithsonian's Bureau of American Ethnology and Department of Anthropology. The collection includes photographs of William Duncan Strong, Robert Stephenson, and M.T. Newman in the field (1933, 1938, and 1952); a photograph of Walter Hough and Neil M. Judd (1935); a group portrait of the Department of Anthropology staff on the steps of the Natural History Building (1952); and winners at an award presentation for the department (1952). The collection also includes a photomechanical print with a portrait of William Henry Holmes, made by Harris & Ewing.

Biographical/Historical note:

Clifford Evans (1920-1981) was curator of Latin American archeology for the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of Natural History. Born in Dallas, Dr. Evans grew up in California and graduated from the University of Southern California in 1941. He served in the Army Air Force in World War II and later earned a doctorate at Columbia University.

A former instructor in archeology and anthropology, Dr. Evans joined the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History as a curator in 1951. A pioneer in studies of the prehistoric past of the Amazonian forest and lowlands, he conducted archeological field work throughout South America and in the Pacific Islands. He and his wife, anthropologist Betty Meggers, collaborated on more than 100 scientific articles and monographs. Dr. Evans was honored with the Washington Academy of Sciences Award for Scientific Achievement, the 37th International Congress of Americanists Gold Medal and the Order of Merit from the Government of Ecuador.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 77-80

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Additional photographs of Smithsonian anthropologists can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 4822, Photo Lot 7A, Photo Lot 7D, Photo Lot 33, Photo Lot 39, Photo Lot 77-52, and Photo Lot 92-35.

Additional photographs by Harris & Ewing can be found in the National Anthropological Archives in Photo Lot 24, Photo Lot 33, and Photo Lot 78-20.

The Library of Congress holds the Harris & Ewing Collection of glass and film negatives.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Citation:

Photo lot 77-80, Clifford Evans collection of photographs of Smithsonian anthropologists, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.77-80

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw38f42567b-8bd1-439f-8652-f001601c4ecf

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-77-80

Culture/People:

probably Inka (Inca) (archaeological) (attributed)  Search this

Expedition leader:

Dr. Marshall H. Saville (Marshall Howard Saville/M.H. Saville/MHS), Non-Indian, 1867-1935  Search this

Expedition:

Second Ecuador Expedition (1907)  Search this

Expedition sponsor:

George Gustav Heye (GGH), Non-Indian, 1874-1957  Search this

Marie A. Heye (Marie Antoinette Lawrence Heye), Non-Indian, 1845-1915  Search this

Object Name:

Jar

Media/Materials:

Pottery, paint

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, painted

Dimensions:

20 x 16 x 28 cm

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Native Term:

urpu

Place:

San Luis; Ecuador

Date created:

AD 1400-1532

Catalog Number:

1/2720

Barcode:

012720.000

See related items:

Inka (Inca) (archaeological)

Inka (Inca) (archaeological)

Containers and Vessels

On View:

NMAI, Washington DC: Outside Mitsitam Café, Containers and Utensils

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws64933cb5c-1257-4983-8a37-68d558097faf

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_13507

Culture/People:

probably Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture) (attributed)  Search this

Previous owner:

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Donor:

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Object Name:

Stamp/Stamping tool

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Slab built, modeled, incised

Dimensions:

6.8 x 2.0 x 3.0 cm

Object Type:

Art and Printing tools

Place:

Manta; Manta Canton; Manabí Province; Ecuador

Date created:

AD 600-1530

Catalog Number:

26/7781

Barcode:

267781.000

See related items:

Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture)

Art and Printing tools

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6fdf4aea4-0b29-4919-a58f-93414ca7f441

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_397001

Culture/People:

probably Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture) (attributed)  Search this

Previous owner:

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Donor:

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Object Name:

Figure part/fragment

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Modeled, appliquéd, incised

Dimensions:

1.7 x 1.3 x 2.7 cm

Object Type:

Sculpture/Carving/Figures

Place:

Manta; Manta Canton; Manabí Province; Ecuador

Date created:

AD 600-1530

Catalog Number:

26/7801

Barcode:

267801.000

See related items:

Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture)

Sculpture/Carving/Figures

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6a6c536cb-f4f8-4e19-b3c4-22f85a0194b4

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_401329

Culture/People:

probably Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture) (attributed)  Search this

Previous owner:

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Donor:

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Object Name:

Miniature vessel

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Modeled

Dimensions:

3.1 x 4.3 cm

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Manabí Province; Ecuador

Date created:

AD 600-1530

Catalog Number:

26/7869

Barcode:

267869.000

See related items:

Manteño-Huancavilca (archaeological culture)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws6f6a799c0-0d93-47a2-8c29-4bdf3cd04972

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_401397

Culture/People:

probably Northern Andes (archaeological culture) (attributed)  Search this

Previous owner:

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Donor:

Anita B. Lowen (Mrs. Roger S. Lowen), Non-Indian  Search this

Roger S. Lowen, Non-Indian  Search this

Object Name:

Vessel fragment/potsherd with effigy/adorno

Media/Materials:

Pottery

Techniques:

Coiled/hand built, modeled

Dimensions:

17.2 x 11.6 cm

Object Type:

Containers and Vessels

Place:

Manta; Manta Canton; Manabí Province; Ecuador

Date created:

AD 600-1530

Catalog Number:

26/7871

Barcode:

267871.000

See related items:

Northern Andes (archaeological culture)

Containers and Vessels

Data Source:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ws64eb6a86c-d7ed-4e3f-8f71-85e94aaa3af7

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:NMAI_401399

Collector:

R. K. Harris  Search this

Donor Name:

R. K. Harris  Search this

Length - Object:

2 cm

Width - Object:

2 cm

Object Type:

Bead

Place:

Ecuador, South America

Accession Date:

19 Mar 1986

Collection Date:

1924 to 1980

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Accession Number:

350434

USNM Number:

A516395-0

See more items in:

Anthropology

Data Source:

NMNH - Anthropology Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/392c998ca-d17e-4fcb-bbf6-e68dfc68fce3

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhanthropology_8272786

Creator:

Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation  Search this

Director:

Heye, George G. (George Gustav), 1874-1957  Search this

Dockstader, Frederick J.  Search this

Names:

Ford-Bartlett East Greenland Expedition 1930  Search this

Harriman Alaska Expedition (1899)  Search this

Hendricks-Hodge Expedition (1917-1923).  Search this

Huntington Free Library  Search this

Hyde Exploring Expedition (1902-1903)  Search this

Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation  Search this

Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research  Search this

Collector:

Barrett, S. A. (Samuel Alfred), 1879-1965  Search this

Churchill, Clara G.  Search this

Churchill, Frank C. (Frank Carroll), 1850-1912  Search this

Davis, Edward H., b. 1862  Search this

Emmons, George Thornton  Search this

Gridley, Marion E. (Marion Eleanor), 1906-1974  Search this

Harrington, M. R. (Mark Raymond), 1882-1971  Search this

Harvey, Byron  Search this

Harvey, Fred  Search this

Hodge, Frederick Webb, 1864-1956  Search this

Johnson, Frederick, 1904-1994  Search this

Keppler, Udo J., 1872-1956  Search this

Lothrop, S. K. (Samuel Kirkland), 1892-1965  Search this

Pepper, George H. (George Hubbard), 1873-1924  Search this

Skinner, Alanson, 1886-1925  Search this

Speck, Frank G. (Frank Gouldsmith), 1881-1950  Search this

Stiles, William F., 1912-1980  Search this

Verrill, A. Hyatt (Alpheus Hyatt), 1871-1954  Search this

Waterman, T. T. (Thomas Talbot), 1885-1936  Search this

Wildschut, William  Search this

Former owner:

Burnett, Edwin K.  Search this

Force, Roland W.  Search this

Extent:

400 Linear feet

Culture:

Indians of North America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Administrative records

Photographs

Annual reports

Field notes

Correspondence

Ledgers (account books)

Minutes

Date:

1890-1998

Summary:

These records document the governance and programmatic activities of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation (MAI) from its inception in 1904 until its sublimation by the Smithsonian Institution in 1990. The types of materials present in this collection include personal and institutional correspondence, individual subject files, minutes and annual reports, financial ledgers, legal records, expedition field notes, research notes, catalog and object lists, publications, clippings, flyers, maps, photographs, negatives and audio-visual materials. These materials span a varied range of subjects relating to the activities of the museum which are more fully described on the series level.

Scope and Contents:

These records document the governance and programmatic activities of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation (MAI) from its inception in 1904 until its sublimation by the Smithsonian Institution in 1990. The types of materials present in this collection include personal and institutional correspondence, individual subject files, minutes and annual reports, financial ledgers, legal records, expedition field notes, research notes, catalog and object lists, publications, clippings, flyers, maps, photographs, negatives and audio-visual materials. These materials span a varied range of subjects relating to the activities of the museum which are more fully described on the series level.

Arrangement:

The MAI, Heye Foundation records have been arranged into 21 series and 50 subseries: Series 1: Directors, 1908-1990 (1.1: George Gustav Heye, 1863-1962, 1.2: Edwin K. Burnett, 1943-1960, 1.3: Frederick Dockstader, 1950-1976, 1.4: Alexander F. Draper, 1972-1977, 1.5:Roland W. Force, 1963-1990, 1.6: George Eager, Assistant Director, 1977-1990) Series 2: Board of Trustees, 1916-1990 (2.1: Board of Trustee Minutes, 1916-1990, 2.2: Individual Board Correspondence, 1943-1990, 2.3: Subject Files, 1917-1990) Series 3: Administrative, 1916-1989 (3.1: Subject Files, 1904-1991, 3.2: Personnel, 1956-1991, 3.3: Legal, 1900-1989, 3.4: Task Force, 1976-1986, 3.5: George Abrams, 1980-1991) Series 4: Financial, 1916-1990 (4.1: Ledgers, 1900-1962, 4.2: Correspondence, 1905-1985, 4.3: Subject Files, 1916-1990) Series 5: Expeditions, 1896-1973Series 6: Collectors, 1872-1981Series 7: Registration, 1856-1993Series 8: Collections Management, 1937-1988Series 9: Curatorial, 1963-1990 (9.1: Curatorial Council, 1973-1990, 9.2: Gary Galante, 1979-1991, 9.3: Mary Jane Lenz, 1974-1994, 9.4: James G. E. Smith, 1963-1990, 9.5: U. Vincent Wilcox, 1968-1984, 9.6: Anna C. Roosevelt, 1973-1988) Series 10: Exhibits, 1923-1991 (10.1: MAI Exhibits, 1923-1990, 10.2: Non-MAI Exhibits, 1937-1991) Series 11: Public Programs, 1935-1990Series 12: Publications, 1904-1994 (12.1: Annual Reports, 1917-1989, 12.2: Publications by MAI, 1904-1990, 12.3: Publications by Other Sources, 1881-1990, 12.4: Administration, 1920-1988, 12.5: Archival Set of Official Publications, 1907-1976) Series 13: Public Affairs, 1938-1991Series 14: Development, 1927-1991 (14.1: Administration, 1979-1990, 14.2: Donors, 1978-1990, 14.3: Fundraising, 1973-1990, 14.4: Grants, 1970-1990, 14.5: Subject Files, 1976-1990) Series 15: Other Departments, 1914-1990 (15.1: Archives, 1914-1990, 15.2: Conservation, 1972-1989, 15.3: Education, 1921-1990, 15.4: Indian Information Center, 1977-1989, 15.5: Museum Shop, 1947-1989, 15.6: Photography, 1918-1990, 15.7: Physical Anthropology, 1919-1956) Series 16: Huntington Free Library, 1926-1991Series 17: Museum Relocation, 1969-1992 (17.1: Subject Files, 1979-1990, 17.2: American Museum of Natural History, 1980-1987, 17.3: Dallas, Texas, 1984-1987, 17.4: Smithsonian Institution, 1979-1990, 17.5: U.S. Custom House, 1977-1990, 17.6: Other Locations, 1974-1987) Series 18: MediaSeries 19: PhotographsSeries 20: Miscellaneous, 1837-1990Series 21: Oversize, 1873-1972 (21.1: Maps, 1873-1975, 21.2: Miscellaneous, 1884-1982)

History of the Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation:

The Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation was established by wealthy collector George Gustav Heye in 1908. Heye began collecting American Indian artifacts as early as 1897 and his collection rapidly increased over the next several years. Based in New York, Heye bought collections and documentary photographs, sponsored expeditions, and traveled and collected items himself. In addition, once MAI was established he sponsored numerous expeditions across the Western Hemisphere, including North American, Canada, South America and Central America.

From 1908 to 1917 Heye housed his artifacts on temporary loan at the University of Pennsylvania's University Museum, Pennsylvania, in lofts on East 33rd Street in New York City, and at other depositories. In 1917, the collections moved from his apartment to their permanent museum location at Audubon Terrace, at 155th Street and Broadway in New York City. The museum, containing ethnographic and archaeological collections from North, Central and South America, opened to the public in 1922. Less than ten years later, Heye completed a storage facility in the Pelham Bay area of the Bronx, known as the Research Branch. Heye served as Chairman of the Board and Museum Director until his death in 1957. After growing concern about the financial and other management of the collections came to a head, the museum became part of the Smithsonian Institution in 1989 and in 1994 opened exhibit space in the U.S. Customs House at Bowling Green near New York City's Battery Park. The Cultural Resources Center in Suitland, Maryland later opened in 1999 and the main Washington, DC museum opened in 2004.

Please visit the following links for more information about the history of the museum; History of the Collection, Collections Overview, and Significance of the Collection. Moreover, for information about how the museum currently cares for and exhibits the collection, please see the Conservation department and recent entries regarding Exhibitions and Conservation on the NMAI Blog. In addition, see portions of the NMAI Archive Center's collections highlighted in the SIRIS Blog.

Related Materials:

In 2004, the Huntington Fee Library, once part of the MAI/Heye Foundation, was transferred to the Cornell University Library Rare Book and Manuscript Collection. While this collection mainly contained books, it also contained a significant amount of archival materials. The Huntington Free Library's Native American Collection contains outstanding materials documenting the history, culture, languages, and arts of the native tribes of both North and South America, as well as contemporary politics and human rights issues are also important components of the collection. Further information about the collection and links to finding aids can be found here: rmc.library.cornell.edu/collections/HFL_old.html.

Restrictions:

Access to NMAI Archive Center collections is by appointment only, Monday - Friday, 9:30 am - 4:30 pm. Please contact the archives to make an appointment (phone: 301-238-1400, email: nmaiarchives@si.edu).

Rights:

Single photocopies may be made for research purposes. Permission to publish or broadcast materials from the collection must be requested from the National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center. Please submit a written request to nmaiarchives@si.edu.

Topic:

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Peru  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Tennessee  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- New York (State)  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Panama  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- New Jersey  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- New Mexico  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Missouri  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Nevada  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- California  Search this

Indians of South America  Search this

Indians of Central America  Search this

Pre-Columbian objects  Search this

Museum exhibits  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Texas  Search this

Museums -- Collection management  Search this

Archaeological expeditions  Search this

Ethnological expeditions  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this

Museums -- Acquisitions  Search this

Museums -- Curatorship  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Cuba  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Ecuador  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Arkansas  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Canada  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Guatemala  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology) -- Haiti  Search this

Genre/Form:

Administrative records

Photographs

Annual reports

Field notes

Correspondence

Ledgers (account books)

Minutes

Citation:

Identification of specific item; Date (if known); Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation Records, Box and Folder Number; National Museum of the American Indian Archive Center, Smithsonian Institution.

Identifier:

NMAI.AC.001

See more items in:

Museum of the American Indian/Heye Foundation records

Archival Repository:

National Museum of the American Indian

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/sv412df8cf1-44c0-41fd-9101-eefb477e5aef

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmai-ac-001

Author:

Pre-Columbian Studies Symposium "Waves of Influence: Revisiting Coastal Connections between Pre-Columbian Northwest South America and Central America" (2019 : Washington, D.C.)  Search this

Editor:

Beekman, Christopher  Search this

McEwan, Colin  Search this

Host institution:

Dumbarton Oaks  Search this

Physical description:

x, 604 pages illustrations (some color), maps 29 cm

Type:

Congresses

Conference papers and proceedings

History

Place:

Mexique

Amérique du Sud

Pacific Coast (Mexico)

Pacific Coast (South America)

Pacific Coast (Central America)

Mexico

Pacific Coast

Central America

South America

Date:

2022

To 1500

Topic:

Indians of Mexico--Commerce--History  Search this

Indians of Central America--Commerce--History  Search this

Indians of South America--Commerce--History  Search this

Antiquities  Search this

Indiens d'Amérique--Antiquités  Search this

Commerce  Search this

Indians of Central America--Antiquities  Search this

Indians of Central America--Commerce  Search this

Indians of Mexico--Antiquities  Search this

Indians of Mexico--Commerce  Search this

Indians of South America--Antiquities  Search this

Indians of South America--Commerce  Search this

History  Search this

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1159005

Creator:

Ubelaker, Douglas H.  Search this

Extent:

12 Prints (silver gelatin)

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Prints

Photographs

Illustrations

Place:

South Dakota

Ecuador

Maryland

Date:

circa 1980

Scope and Contents note:

Photographs of human bone used in the Cultural Resource Management Studies publication issued by the Department of Interior in 1980. Some of the images show the results of excavations in South Dakota and Maryland, views of masses of bones in an ossuary in Maryland and burial urns in Ecuador, and an example of trephination.

Biographical/Historical note:

Douglas H. Ubelaker (b. 1946) is a forensic anthropologist, curator of biological anthropology in the Smithsonian Institution Department of Anthropology, and a Professorial Lecturer in Anthropology and Anatomy at The George Washington University. He has published research on the paleopathology, paleodemography, and osteology of ancient populations.

Local Call Number(s):

NAA Photo Lot 92-36

Location of Other Archival Materials:

Field notes by Ubelaker held in the National Anthropological Archives in MS 7220 and MS 7474.

Records relating to Ubelaker's work for the Smithsonian held in the Smithsonian Institution Archives in SIA RU000366, SIA Acc. 95-013, SIA RS00028, and SIA AH00204.

Restrictions:

The collection is open for research.

Access to the collection requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Trephining  Search this

Burial  Search this

Genre/Form:

Photographs

Illustrations

Citation:

Photo Lot 92-36, Illustrations for Douglas H. Ubelaker's Human Bone and Archeology, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.PhotoLot.92-36

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3dcbe84d5-a7e3-4446-a599-66aefec1375c

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-photolot-92-36

Author:

Wolkowicz, Vera  Search this

Physical description:

1 online resource (xvi, 256 pages) illustrations (black and white, and colour)

Type:

Electronic resources

Criticism, interpretation, etc

Place:

South America

Date:

2022

20th century

Topic:

Music--History and criticism  Search this

Collective memory in music  Search this

Ethnicity in music  Search this

Nationalism in music  Search this

Incas--Music--Influence  Search this

Music  Search this

Call number:

ML199.5 .W65 2022 (Internet)

Data Source:

Smithsonian Libraries

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:siris_sil_1160671

Author:

Ubelaker, Douglas H.  Search this

Editor:

Stahl, Peter W.  Search this

Stothert, Karen E.  Search this

Object Type:

Smithsonian staff publication

Year:

2020

Citation:

Ubelaker, Douglas H. 2020. "The Skeletal Biology of Human Remains from Site-80 in Contemporary Perspective." In Las Vegas: The Early Holocene Archaeology of Human Occupation in Coastal Ecuador. Stahl, Peter W. and Stothert, Karen E., editors. 61–67. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh. In University of Pittsburgh Memoirs in Latin American Archaeology, 25.

Identifier:

159107

ISBN:

9781877812965

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:slasro_159107

Editor:

Grieder, Terence  Search this

Farmer, James D.  Search this

Hill, David V.  Search this

Stahl, Peter W.  Search this

Ubelaker, Douglas H.  Search this

Object Type:

Smithsonian staff publication

Year:

2009

Citation:

Grieder, Terence, Farmer, James D., Hill, David V., Stahl, Peter W., and Ubelaker, Douglas H., editors. 2009. Art and Archaeology of Challuabamba, Ecuador. Austin: University of Texas Press.

Identifier:

77574

ISBN:

9780292718920

Data source:

Smithsonian Libraries and Archives

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:slasro_77574

Creator:

Meggers, Betty Jane  Search this

Evans, Clifford, 1920-1981  Search this

Extent:

129 Linear feet

Culture:

American Indian -- South America  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Field notes

Place:

Venezuela -- archeology

Peru -- Archeology

Date:

1893-2012

Summary:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers document their research and professional activities from 1946-2012 and primarily deal with their archaeological and anthropological research in South America. Their work at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History and their frequent collaboration with other researchers and professional organizations is also represented. In addition, this collection contains detailed records on South American research conducted by the Smithsonian Institution from the 1950s through the 2010s. The collection consists of research and project files, raw data and analysis, graphs and illustrations, photographs, correspondence, maps and charts, and administrative files.

Scope and Contents:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers document their research and professional activities from 1946-2012 and primarily deal with their archaeological and anthropological research in South America. There is also significant material detailing research conducted in South America by the National Museum of Natural History (particularly the Department of Anthropology). Material documenting their publication and collaboration efforts with researchers and other colleagues is represented as well. There is also limited material related to Meggers and Evans time in graduate school at Columbia University and their brief careers before starting at the Smithsonian Institution in the early 1950s. The collection consists of research and project files, raw data and analysis, graphs and illustrations, photographs, correspondence, maps and charts, and administrative files.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 12 series: Series 1. Personal, 1893-2012, undated; Series 2. Writings, 1944-2011, undated; Series 3. Research, 1930-2011, undated; Series 4. Correspondence, 1922-2012; Series 5. Conferences and Seminars, 1949-2010, undated; Series 6. Museum and Institute Subject Files, 1973-2011, undated; Series 7. Smithsonian Institution Amazon Ecosystem Program, 1962-2008, undated. Series 8. National Program of Archeological Research in Brazil, 1961-1989, undated; Series 9. Paleoindian Research: Paleoclimatology and Paleofauna Programs, 1960-1992, undated; Series 10. Latin American Archaeology Fund, 1971-1991, undated; Series 11. Photographs, 1937-2008, undated; Series 12. Maps and Charts, 1957- circa 2009, undated.

Biographical / Historical:

Clifford Evans Chronology

1920 -- Born in Dallas, Texas.

1941 -- Bachelors degree in anthropology from the University of Southern California.

1946 -- Married Betty Meggers.

1948-1949 -- Field research: Lower Amazon archaelogical expedition to Marajo, Mexiana, Caviana, and Territory of Ampa, Brazil. With Betty Meggers.

1950 -- Ph.D., Columbia University.

1950-1951 -- Instructor, Anthropology, University of Virginia.

1951-1962 -- Associate Curator, Smithsonian Department of Anthropology.

1952-1953 -- Field research: Archaelogical and ethnographic investigations in British Guiana. With Betty Meggers.

1954 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Betty Meggers and Emilio Estrada.

1956 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations along the Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador. With Betty Meggers.

1957 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Betty Meggers and Emilio Estrada.

1958 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Betty Meggers and Emilio Estrada.

1961 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Betty Meggers and Emilio Estrada.

1962-1964 -- Curator of the Division of Archaeology.

1963 -- Field research: Archeological investigations of megalithic structures on Nan Madol, Ponape, Caroline Islands. With Betty Meggers.

1964-1970, 1975-1981 -- Supervising Curator of the Department of Anthropological Research.

1965-1970 -- Co-principal investigator with Betty Meggers of PRONAPA.

1966 -- Field research: Archeological survey on Dominica. With Clifford Evans.

1968-1975 -- Co-principal investigator with Betty Meggers of the Proyecto Andino de Estudios Arqueologicos.

1970-1975 -- Chairman of the Department of Anthropology.

1971 -- Creates the Latin American Archaeology Fund with Betty Meggers.

1972 -- Creates the Paleo-Indian, Paleoecology, and Paleoenvironmental Research Program.

1974 -- Creates the Amazon Ecosystems Research Program.

1975-1980 -- Co-principal investigator with Betty Meggers of PRONAPABA.

1976 -- Field research: Paleoindian and Archaic sites and museum collections in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. With Betty Meggers and Dennis Stanford.

1981 -- Dies in Washington, D.C.

Betty Meggers Chronology

1921 -- Born December 5 in Washington, D.C.

1943 -- A.B. in anthropology, University of Pennsylvania

1944 -- M.A., University of Michigan

1948-1949 -- Field research: Lower Amazon archaelogical expedition to Marajo, Mexiana, Caviana, and Territory of Ampa, Brazil. With Clifford Evans.

1950-1951 -- Instructor, Anthropology, American University

1952 -- Ph.D., Columbia University

1952-1953 -- Field research: Archaelogical and ethnographic investigations in British Guiana. With Clifford Evans.

1954 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Clifford Evans and Emilio Estrada.

1954-2012 -- Research Associate, Department of Anthropology, national Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution

1956 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations along the Rio Napo, Eastern Ecuador. With Clifford Evans.

1957 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Clifford Evans and Emilio Estrada.

1958 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Clifford Evans and Emilio Estrada.

1961 -- Field research: Archaelogical survey and excavations on coastal Ecuador. With Clifford Evans and Emilio Estrada.

1963 -- Field research: Archeological investigations of megalithic structures on Nan Madol, Ponape, Caroline Islands. With Clifford Evans.

1965-1970 -- Co-principal investigator with Clifford Evans of PRONAPA.

1966 -- Field research: Archeological survey on Dominica. With Clifford Evans.

1968-1975 -- Co-principal investigator with Clifford Evans of the Proyecto Andino de Estudios Arqueologicos.

1975-1980 -- Co-principal investigator with Clifford Evans of PRONAPABA.

1976 -- Field research: Paleoindian and Archaic sites and museum collections in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil. With Clifford Evans and Dennis Stanford.

1976-1996 -- Committee for Research and Exploration, National Geographic Society

1982-1985 -- Consultant, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil

2012 -- Dies in Washington, D.C.

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans were anthropologists specializing in the archeology of lowland South America. Their combined careers at the Smithsonian Department of Anthropology totaled over 100 years. Evans was born in 1920 in Texas. He received his bachelor's degree in anthropology and archaeology from the University of Southern California in 1941. Following his service as a bombardier during World War II, he enrolled in the anthropology doctoral program at Columbia University where he met Meggers, a fellow student in the department. Meggers was born in 1921 in Washington, D.C., and was the daughter of well-known archaeologist William Frederick Meggers. She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania with a bachelors degree in anthropology in 1943 and from the University of Michigan with a masters in anthropology in 1944 before being admitted to Columbia.

Meggers and Evans did their dissertation research together in South America— Meggers worked on the island of Marajo at the mouth of the Amazon River while Evans did archaeological research in the Amapa territory of Brazil. The two were married on September 13, 1946.

After Evans received his Ph.D. in 1950, he was hired by the Smithsonian Institution as an associate curator in the Department of Anthropology in 1951. After graduating in 1952, Meggers worked as an anthropology instructor at American University for one year before being hired as a research associate in the Smithsonian Department of Anthropology in 1954.

Evans was named Curator of the Division of Archaeology in 1962, and Supervising Curator of the newly created Office of Anthropological Research in 1964. Under his leadership, standardized operating procedures were created that centralized accessioning, cataloging, storing, and lending of objects. This freed curators from many complicated and routine activities. In 1970, Evans was appointed the Chairman of Anthropology for a five year term, where he initiated many large-scale research programs with Meggers that continued to operate many years after his chairmanship ended.

The first program that Evans and Meggers created was the "Paleo-Indian, Paleoecology, and Paleoenvironmental Research Program" in 1972, which was designed to study prehistoric peoples in the Western Hemisphere. The second program, implemented in 1974 was the "Amazon Ecosystems Research Program," which organized Brazilian scientists and Smithsonian staff members interested in environmental studies of the Amazon region.

Meggers and Evans conducted much of their field work together, which resulted in hundreds of articles, essays, presentations, and books. The majority of their work was done in the Amazon and Andean regions of South America, particularly Brazil, Ecuador, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Aside from these publications, they were also able to collect many archaeological specimens that are still part of the Smithsonian's holdings.

The conclusions that Meggers and Evans drew from their research and field work, while ground-breaking, were often controversial. In the early 1960s local businessman and amateur archaeologist Emilio Estrada excavated pottery from the Valdivia area in Ecuador and shared his results with Meggers and Evans. After finding significant similarities between Valdivian artifacts and those from Japan's ancient Jomon culture, they theorized that there was transpacific contact between Japan and South America around the beginning of the third millennium B.C. Their theory remains controversial.

Meggers and Evans also argued that despite the rich forests of the Amazon region, the river basin's thin, poor soil could not hold enough nutrients to sustain intensive agriculture. As a result, they argued, large and complex societies could not have existed in the Amazon River basin as other archaeologists and anthropologists have suggested.

After finishing his tenure as chairman of the Department of Anthropology, Clifford Evans died in 1981 of a heart attack at the age of 60. Following his death, Meggers continued in her position as research associate in the Department of Anthropology for another 30 years. Though she did not conduct additional fieldwork after her husband's death, Meggers wrote prolifically and was heavily involved in analyzing field work data and collaborating with colleagues working throughout South America. She made it possible for many researchers to study and conduct research at the National Museum of Natural History, and presented in many conferences and seminars locally and internationally. In addition, Meggers advocated on the behalf of colleagues to the National Geographic Society and other organizations to procure funding for archaeological and anthropological expeditions all over the world. Betty Meggers died in 2012 at the age of 90.

Related Materials:

There are about 25 slide cases, each containing about 200 to 300 kodachrome slides, that are currently stored at the Department of Anthropology at the National Museum of Natural History. These were created in the late 1940s and early 1950s and contain images of field work and other trips to South American locations such as Peru, British Guiana, the Peru Highlands, Ecuador, Brazil, Chile, Hondouras, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Mexico. Contact repository for more information.

Separated Materials:

2 rolls of 16mm film, 22 audio cassettes, and 1 VHS of South and Central American research were transferred to the Human Studies Film Archives in 2015.

Provenance:

The papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives by the estate of Betty J. Meggers in 2013.

Restrictions:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers are open for research. Personal correspondence, however, is RESTRICTED until 2026.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Topic:

Paleoindian  Search this

Archaeology  Search this

Archeology -- Meso-America  Search this

Archaeology -- Ponape, Nan Matol  Search this

Archeology -- British Guiana  Search this

Archaeology -- Ecuador  Search this

Amazonia  Search this

Indians of South America -- Brazil  Search this

Paleo-Indians -- North America  Search this

Names, place -- geographic -- South America  Search this

Genre/Form:

Field notes

Citation:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund.

Identifier:

NAA.2013-01

See more items in:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3298c6712-8b6b-466a-ab1c-97af0d2004ec

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2013-01

Collection Creator:

Meggers, Betty Jane  Search this

Evans, Clifford, 1920-1981  Search this

Container:

Box 36

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers are open for research. Personal correspondence, however, is RESTRICTED until 2026.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund.

See more items in:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers / Series 3: Research / 3.4: Ecuador / Porras- Ethnographic Data- Pottery Making, Eastern Ecuador

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3e12fec6a-f757-4e11-bb8a-8060513c77da

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2013-01-ref1694

Collection Creator:

Meggers, Betty Jane  Search this

Evans, Clifford, 1920-1981  Search this

Container:

Box 36

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1966-1967

Collection Restrictions:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers are open for research. Personal correspondence, however, is RESTRICTED until 2026.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund.

See more items in:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers / Series 3: Research / 3.4: Ecuador / Battelle Labs

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3f6cb5dee-8ee9-4181-9821-7704c8e13554

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2013-01-ref1722

Collection Creator:

Meggers, Betty Jane  Search this

Evans, Clifford, 1920-1981  Search this

Container:

Drawer 5, Folder 5

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

The Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans papers are open for research. Personal correspondence, however, is RESTRICTED until 2026.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for the processing of this collection was provided by the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund.

See more items in:

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers

Betty J. Meggers and Clifford Evans Papers / Series 12: Maps and Charts

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3417cc331-d823-4c0e-a141-39f26a19572b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2013-01-ref3317

Creator:

Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975  Search this

Stirling, Marion  Search this

Names:

National Geographic Society (U.S.)  Search this

Smithsonian Institution. Bureau of American Ethnology  Search this

Extent:

37.94 Linear feet (84 boxes, 3 map folders)

Culture:

Olmec (archaeological culture)  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Field notes

Photographs

Correspondence

Place:

Papua New Guinea

Mexico

Ecuador

Costa Rica

Panama

Date:

1876-2004, undated

bulk 1921-1975

Summary:

The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, 1876-2004 (bulk 1921-1975), document the professional and personal lives of Matthew Stirling, Smithsonian archaeologist and Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), and his wife and constant collaborator, Marion Stirling Pugh. The bulk of the material is professional in nature and includes material from Matthew's early career in the 1920s, the careers of Matthew and Marion together from when they married in 1933 to Matthew's death in 1975, and Marion's life and work from 1975 until her death in 2001.

The majority of the documentation relates to the investigation of the Olmec culture in Mexico by the Stirlings, including the discoveries of eight colossal Olmec heads. In addition, the collection documents their work in Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica, looking for connections between Mesoamerica and South America. Materials include field notes, journals, correspondence, photographs, writings, clippings, ephemera, articles, and scrapbooks.

Scope and Contents:

The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, 1876-2004 (bulk 1921-1975), document the professional and personal lives of Matthew Stirling, Smithsonian archaeologist, and Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), and his wife and constant collaborator, Marion Stirling Pugh. The bulk of the material is professional in nature and includes material from Matthew's early career in the 1920s, the careers of Matthew and Marion together from when they married in 1933 to Matthew's death in 1975, and Marion's life and work from 1975 until her death in 2001. The majority of the documentation relates to the investigation of the Olmec culture in Mexico by the Stirlings, including the discoveries of eight colossal Olmec heads. In addition, the collection documents their work in Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica, looking for connections between Mesoamerica and South America. Materials include field notes, journals, correspondence, photographs, writings, clippings, ephemera, articles, and scrapbooks.

Series 1. Field work, 1921-1998 (bulk 1921-1975) and undated, documents the archaeological expeditions undertaken by Matthew and Marion Stirling over a span of 40 years. This includes expeditions Matthew undertook prior to his marriage and collaboration with Marion to Papua New Guinea, Ecuador, and Florida, and extensive documentation of expeditions they embarked on together to Mexico, Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica.

Series 2. Other travels, 1946-1972 is comprised of materials documenting trips the Stirlings took that, for the most part, did not include field work. This includes trips for both business and personal travel, however it was common for the two to overlap.

Series 3. Administrative files, 1924-1980 and undated is partly comprised of materials the Stirlings compiled and organized into an alphabetical filing structure and also of materials that are administrative in nature and did not directly relate to other categories outlined in this finding aid.

Series 4 Writings and lectures, 1925-1990 and undated, consists of articles, papers, drafts, and notes primarily written by Matthew Stirling, with some materials co-written by Marion, and documentation relating to presentations the Stirlings gave regarding their field work and other professional matters. Also included is material relating to films that were made about the Stirling's work.

Series 5. Personal and family materials, 1880-1996 and undated, consists of documents, photographs, and ephemera that are personal in nature. This includes items relating to Matthew Stirling's young life and family history, photographs, correspondence, and clippings relating to his extended family, and photographs of and correspondence from Matt and Marion's children.

Series 6. Anthropological journals, 1876-1959, consists of collections of anthropological journals collected and categorized for reference and research purposes.

Series 7. Marion Stirling Pugh, 1924-2004 (bulk 1948-2002) and undated, consists of materials relating to endeavors Marion undertook without Matthew, primarily relating to her participation in the Society of Women Geographers from 1948-2000 and her life after Matthew died in 1975 until her death in 2001.

Arrangement:

This collection is arranged in 7 series: 1) Field work, 1921-1998 (bulk 1921-1975), undated; 2) Other travels, 1946-1972; 3) Administrative files, 1924-1980, undated; 4) Writings and lectures, 1925-1990, undated; 5) Personal and family materials, 1880-1996, undated; 6) Anthropological journals, 1876-1959; 7) Marion Stirling Pugh, 1924-2004 (bulk 1948-2002), undated.

Biographical note:

MATTHEW WILLIAMS STIRLING:

Matthew Williams Stirling, archaeologist and Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology (1928-1957), was born on August 28, 1896 in Salinas, California. After serving as an Ensign in the Navy from 1917-1919, he graduated with a B.A. in Anthropology in 1920 from the University of California, Berkeley studying under T.T. Waterman, Alfred L. Kroeber, and E.W. Gifford. From 1920-1921 he worked as a teaching fellow at the university, where he taught William Duncan Strong. Stirling's first tenure at the Smithsonian (then the U.S. National Museum (USNM)) was from 1921-1924, first as a museum aide, then as an Assistant Curator of Ethnology. While in the position he took night classes at George Washington University and received his M.A. in 1922. He received an honorary Sc.D. from Tampa University in 1943. In 1924, Stirling resigned his position at the museum and embarked on a journey to South American with his friend Perry Patton. From 1925-1927 he embarked on the Smithsonian sponsored American-Dutch Expedition to Papua New Guinea to explore the previously unknown interior region of Dutch New Guinea. Stirling was appointed Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology at the Smithsonian Institution in 1928 and married Marion Illig in 1933. They worked together for the next 40 years studying Olmec culture and the connection to greater Mesoamerica and South America. They had two children (Matthew W. Stirling Jr. in 1938 and Ariana Stirling in 1942). Stirling retired as Director of the B.A.E. on December 31, 1957. He died January 23, 1975 in Washington, D.C.

Sources consulted:

Collins, Henry B. "Matthew Williams Stirling, 1896-1975." American Anthropologist, New Series, 78, no. 4 (1976): 886-88.

Coe, Michael D. "Matthew Williams Stirling, 1896-1975." American Antiquity 41, no. 1 (1976): 67-73.

MARION STIRLING PUGH:

Marion Stirling Pugh (nee Illig) was born in Middletown, New York on May 12, 1911. She graduated from Rider College in 1930 and came to Washington D.C. in 1931 where she took a job as a secretary to the Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology, Matthew Stirling. She attended night school at George Washington University from 1931-1933 where she studied anthropology, geology, and Russian. Marion and Matthew were married on December 11, 1933 and promptly embarked on a honeymoon expedition to Florida where Matthew was in charge of Works Progress Administration (WPA) projects. They worked together for the next 40 years studying Olmec culture and the connection to greater Mesoamerica and South America. They had two children (Matthew W. Stirling Jr. in 1938 and Ariana Stirling in 1942).

Marion was an active member of the Society of Women Geographers and was elected to the executive board in 1954. She served as president of the society from 1960-1963 and 1969-1972. She had a long-time association with the Textile Museum in Washington D.C. and in the 1970s established what would become the Latin American Research Fund to secure Latin American ethnographic textiles for the museum.

After Matthew's death in 1975, Marion married General John Ramsey Pugh in 1977. Pugh died in 1994. Marion continued to travel the world, including making a trip to Antarctica in her 80s, until her death on April 24, 2001 in Tucson, Arizona.

Sources consulted:

"Marion Stirling Pugh, 89." The Washington Post. May 11, 2001. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2001/05/11/marion-stirling-pugh-89/01329ba8-f32b-4d66-83fb-9f3c311aaefb/?utm_term=.ab20f25e060b (accessed May 16, 2019).

Conroy, Sarah Booth. "Archaeologist Marion Pugh, Digging Up Memories." The Washington Post. July 8, 1996. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1996/07/08/archaeologist-marion-pugh-digging-up-memories/09f465e7-5900-455e-bcd5-b81828a502d5/?utm_term=.703ff0e84313 (accessed May 16, 2019).

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh Chronology

1896 August 28 -- Matthew Williams Stirling born in Salinas, California to Ariana and John Williams Stirling

1911 May 12 -- Marion Illig born in Middletown, New York

1914-1920 -- Matthew Stirling attended the University of California, Berkeley, receiving his B.A. in Anthropology in 1920. He studied under A.L. Kroeber, T.T. Waterman, and E.W. Gifford.

1917-1919 -- Matthew Stirling served as an ensign in the U.S. Navy during World War I

1920 -- Matthew Stirling's travels to Europe with his parents

1920-1921 -- Matthew Stirling worked as teaching fellow at the University of California, Berkeley and taught William Duncan Strong

1921-1924 -- Matthew Stirling worked at the United States National Museum (USNM), first as a Museum Aide and then as an Assistant Curator of Ethnology

1922 -- Matthew Stirling received Master of Arts degree from George Washington University, studying under Truman Michelson Matthew Stirling went on a trip to the cave country of France and Spain with friend Perry J. Patton

1923 Winter -- Matthew Stirling sent by J. Walter Fewkes to excavate at Weedon (or Weeden) Island, Florida

1924 Spring -- Matthew Stirling resigned from his Smithsonian USNM post

1924 Summer -- Matthew Stirling conducted excavations in Mobridge, South Dakota

1924 July -- Matthew Stirling went on a trip to South America with friend, Perry J. Patton

1924 Winter -- Matthew Stirling continued excavations in Weedon Island, FL

1924-1925 -- Matthew Stirling sold real estate on Weedon Island, Florida to fund the expedition to Papua New Guinea in the winters of 1924 and 1925

1925-1927 -- Matthew Stirling organized and led the American-Dutch Expedition (or Smithsonian Institution-Dutch Colonial Government expedition) to Papua New Guinea

1928 -- Matthew Stirling named Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE) at the Smithsonian Institution

1929 March-April -- Matthew Stirling surveyed mounds in Tampa Bay and Calusa areas of Florida

1930s -- Matthew Stirling conducted various archaeological excavations in Georgia and Florida under the Works Progress Administration (WPA)

1930 -- Marion Illig received a Bachelor of Science degree from Rider College From February through April, Mathew Stirling conducted more work on Tampa Bay mounds in Florida In July, Matthew Stirling went to Marfa, Texas to examine pictographs in caves and also went to Deeth, Nevada

1931 September-1932 March -- Matthew Stirling a member of the Latin American Expedition to South and Central America. He studied the Tule/Kuna Indians in Panama and the Jivaro in Ecuador

1931-1933 -- Marion Illig moved to Washington D.C. to attend George Washington University and worked at the BAE as a secretary for Matthew Stirling

1933 December 11 -- Matthew and Marion Stirling married

1933 December-1934 May 5 -- Matthew Stirling supervised Federal Civil Works Administration (or Federal Emergency Relief Administration) projects in Florida, also called Florida Federal Relief (Bradenton, Perico Island, Canaveral Island, and Belle Glade) and BAE excavations in Macon, Georgia

1934 October -- Conducted archaeological work in King, Queen, and Halifax counties in Virginia and Granville City, North Carolina

1935 -- Matthew Stirling acted as the president of the Anthropological Society of Washington Expedition to Guatemala, Honduras, and Yucatan Peninsula to study the Maya and the Quché (or Quiche) Indians from January to February 15, 1935

1935-1936 -- Matthew Stirling acted as the vice president of the American Anthropological Association

1936 -- Matthew Stirling and WPA workers conducted archaeological surveys in southern Florida in July 1936 Matthew and Marion Stirling visited an excavation in Macon, Georgia in Fall 1936 Matthew Stirling supervised archaeological projects in Hillsborough and Dade Counties in Florida

1938 January-March -- Matthew and Marion Stirling take first field trip to Mexico, visiting Tres Zapotes

1938 December 24-1939 April 15 -- First Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with C.W. Weiant. Excavated Tres Zapotes and discovered lower portion of Stela C

1939 -- Matthew Stirling received his first Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society

1939 December 26-1940 April 20 -- Second Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated Cerro de las Mesas and La Venta

1940 December 29-1941 April 30 -- Third Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated Cerro de las Mesas and Izapa

1941 -- Matthew and Marion Stirling received the Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society (shared with Richard Hewitt Stewart)

1942 April -- Matthew Stirling visited Dr. Philip Drucker at La Venta

1942 April-June -- Fourth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Visited Tuxtla Gutierrez, Zoque, Tzotzil and Chamula Indians, and Palenque

1943 -- Fifth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Waldo R. Wedel. Excavated La Venta Matthew Stirling awarded honorary Doctor of Science from Tampa University

1944 January 28-May -- Sixth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Visited Michoacán, Jalisco, Uruapan, Tlaquepaque, and Tarascan Indians from Lake Pátzcuaro and conducted archaeological surveys in Southern Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche

1945 January 22-May 31 -- Seventh Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico. Excavated La Venta, San Lorenzo, Piedra Parada, and Tapachula

1946 January 26-April -- Eighth Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society Expedition to Mexico with Dr. Philip Drucker. Excavated San Lorenzo

1947 -- Matthew Stirling becomes Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology (title changed from "Chief")

1947 December-1948 -- First Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expeditions to Panama including Cocle, Balboa, Chitre, Parita (Sixto Pinilla Place), Monagrillo, and El Hatillo

1949 -- Second Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1951 -- Third Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1953 -- Fourth Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Panama

1954 -- Marion Stirling elected to the executive board of the Society of Women Geographers

1955 -- "Pan Am" (or Inter-American Highway) Road Trip

1956-1957 -- Smithsonian Institution/ National Geographic Society Expedition to Ecuador. Excavated in the ManabÍ Province

1957 December 31 -- Matthew Stirling retired as Director of the Bureau of American Ethnology

1958 -- Matthew Stirling received his third Franklyn L. Burr Award from the National Geographic Society

1960-1963 -- Marion Stirling acted as president for the Society of Women Geographers for the first time

1960-1975 -- Matthew Stirling's membership in the National Geographic Society Committee on Research and Exploration

1961 -- Trip to Mexico Marion Stirling's trip to Peru Matthew Stirling collaborated with Dr. L.S.B. Leakey through the NGS Committee on Research and Exploration

1963 -- Trip to Nicaragua

1964 -- Expedition to Costa Rica Trip to Asia

1967 -- International Tuna Match, Bahamas

1968 -- Trip to New Guinea Attended the Cultural Olympics in Mexico City

1969 -- Trip to Turkey, Bali, Etc.

1969-1972 -- Marion Stirling acted as president for the Society of Women Geographers for the second time

1972 -- Trip to Peru, Ecuador, Galapagos Islands Farmer finds upper portion of Stela C, confirming Matthew Stirling's original date as 31 B.C.

1972-1973 -- Trip to Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico

1974 -- Marion Stirling established the Mexican Research Fund (now the Latin American Research fund) for the Textile Museum

1975 January 23 -- Matthew Williams Stirling died in Washington D.C.

1977 -- Marion Stirling married Major General John Ramsey Pugh

1985 -- Marion Stirling Pugh received the Distinguished Service Medal from the Peruvian Embassy

1994 -- Death of Major General John Ramsey Pugh Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to Spain, Portugal, and Morocco

1995 -- Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to Antarctica and the Falkland Islands

1996 -- Marion Stirling Pugh's trip to China, and separately to Belize and Honduras

2001 April 24 -- Marion Stirling Pugh died in Tucson, Arizona

Separated Materials:

Film materials were transferred to the Human Studies Film Archive (HSFA).

Provenance:

The bulk of these papers were donated to the National Anthropological Archives in 2016 by Matthew and Marion Stirling's grandchildren, Jessica Gronberg and Jeremy Withers.

Restrictions:

The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers are open for research.

The scrapbooks listed in Series 1.7 are restricted due to preservation concerns. Please contact the reference archivist for more information.

Access to the Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers requires an appointment.

Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Occupation:

Women archaeologists  Search this

Topic:

Archaeology  Search this

Excavations (Archaeology)  Search this

Genre/Form:

Field notes

Photographs

Correspondence

Citation:

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.2016-24

See more items in:

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw31131a350-b4ba-421a-bc30-0ecfb99820e9

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-naa-2016-24

Collection Creator:

Stirling, Matthew Williams, 1896-1975  Search this

Stirling, Marion  Search this

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1998, undated

bulk 1921-1975

Scope and Contents:

Series 1. Field work, 1921-1998 (bulk 1921-1975) and undated, documents the archaeological expeditions undertaken by Matthew and Marion Stirling over a span of 40 years. This includes expeditions Matthew undertook prior to his marriage and collaboration with Marion (they married in 1933) to Papua New Guinea, Ecuador, and Florida, and extensive documentation of expeditions they embarked on together to Mexico, Panama, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. Materials include field notes, journals, correspondence, photographs, reports, clippings, ephemera, expense reports, travel itineraries, articles, and scrapbooks.

The bulk of the materials in this series relate to Matthew Stirling's 1925-1927 American-Dutch Expedition to Papua New Guinea and the eight Smithsonian Institution/National Geographic Society (SI/NGS) expeditions Matthew and Marion Stirling undertook to various sites in Mexico between 1938 and 1946. The Papua New Guinea materials include field notes, logistical documents, and photographs documenting the expedition. In addition Matthew Stirling's film/lecture tour "By Aeroplane to Pygmyland" that followed the expedition is well documented. The Mexico materials include extensive field notes, correspondence, and photographs documenting the expeditions to sites such as Tres Zapotes, La Venta, Cerro de las Mesas, Izapa, and San Lorenzo, and discoveries regarding Olmec culture, including the excavations of eight colossal Olmec heads.

The remainder of the materials document additional joint SI/NGS expeditions, including four to Panama between 1947 and 1953 and one to Ecuador in 1957; a Latin American Expedition to South and Central America from 1931-1932 where Matthew Stirling primarily conducted ethnographic studies of the Jivaro of Ecuador; an expedition to Costa Rica in 1964; and various other expeditions that Matthew (and sometimes Marion) participated in primarily during the 1920s and 1930s.

Arrangement:

This series is arranged in 7 subseries: 1.1 Papua New Guinea, 1925-1996 (bulk 1925-1928), undated; 1.2 Mexico, 1921-1998 (bulk 1938-1972), undated; 1.3 Panama, 1943-1962, undated; 1.4 Ecuador, 1930-1968, undated; 1.5 Costa Rica, 1963-1965, undated; 1.6 Other expeditions, 1921-1975 (bulk 1921-1935), undated; 1.7 Scrapbooks, 1925-1953.

Collection Restrictions:

The Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers are open for research.

The scrapbooks listed in Series 1.7 are restricted due to preservation concerns. Please contact the reference archivist for more information.

Access to the Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers requires an appointment.

Collection Rights:

Contact the repository for terms of use.

Collection Citation:

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers, National Anthropological Archives, Smithsonian Institution

Identifier:

NAA.2016-24, Series 1

See more items in:

Matthew Williams Stirling and Marion Stirling Pugh papers

Archival Repository:

National Anthropological Archives

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/nw3a0a8eaf8-d24a-4db0-92f1-57c60b531a28

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-naa-2016-24-ref1440