Search Results

Creator:

Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Type:

Blog posts

Smithsonian staff publications

Interviews

Blog posts

Published Date:

Mon, 25 Sep 2023 17:41:00 GMT

Topic:

Cultural property  Search this

See more posts:

Festival Blog

Data Source:

Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:posts_a41ccdd0e353938714bb5ada3c1f25fc

Biogeographical Region:

26 - South Tropical Africa  Search this

Collector:

J. Jackson  Search this

Place:

Nyasaland: Lilongwe Agricultural Research Station., Malawi, Africa

Collection Date:

25 Apr 1951

Taxonomy:

Plantae Monocotyledonae Poales Poaceae Panicoideae

Published Name:

Hyparrhenia finitima (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf

Barcode:

04353410

USNM Number:

3115059

See more items in:

Botany

Flowering plants and ferns

Data Source:

NMNH - Botany Dept.

GUID:

http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/320ff70ff-0aaf-46f9-9683-c842cd8e6e68

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:nmnhbotany_16199483

Donor:

Little Manila Foundation  Search this

Extent:

4.33 Cubic feet (13 boxes)

Culture:

Filipino Americans  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Diaries

Correspondence

Photographs

Receipts

Date:

circa 1917-1980, undated

Summary:

Collection of archival materials removed from trunks of personal belongings abandoned at death by Filipino agricultural workers in Stockton, California.

Scope and Contents:

The contents of this collection include albums with photographs from the Philippines and the United States, receipts, pay stubs, books, letters, and other correspondence from the Philippines, framed photographs, and other ephemera. Most of the correspondence in the collection is written in Visayan, the language spoken within the southernmost islands of Luzon in the Philippines. The contents of the letters are in the process of being translated. Most of the photographs of individuals in the collection are not identified. The collection is divided into 23 series. 22 of which are individual Filipino migrants, who were members of the fraternal organization. The last series consists of the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The collection is important for those researchers interested in the history of early Filipino-American agricultural workers.

Arrangement:

Collection is arranged into twenty-three series.

Series 1: Enrique Andales, 1917-1937, undated

Series 2: Julian S. Arofo, 1950-1953

Series 3: A.T. Bastion, undated

Series 4: Julian Felicita Bernido, 1971

Series 5: Andres Salle Casinas, 1912-1980, undated

Series 6: Cesario Hotora Comparativo, 1925-1945, undated

Series 7: Hilario Samson Cuevas, 1925-1930, udated

Series 8: Vinancio Felisarta, 1971

Series 9: Jose Madridejo Galinato, 1926-1949, undated

Series 10: Eufricino Janier, 1920-1929, undated

Series 11: Felimon Laga, 1922-1923, undated

Series 12: Seven Madrias, 1936-1938, undated

Series 13: Eusebio Maglente, 1920-1923, undated

Series 14: Epimaco Fariola Mansueto, 1874-1947, undated

Series 15: Sixto Olaco, 1921-1954, undated

Series 16: Anastacio Atig Omandam, 1924-1937

Series 17: Juan Campoco Pascual, 1936, 1948, undated Series 18: Julian Rogas, 1929-1936, undated

Series 19: Arcadio Simangca, 1961-1971

Series 20: Julio Saranza, 1971

Series 21: Pablo Mendoza Solomon, 1921-1971, undated

Series 22: Victor Yano, 1971

Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo: Daguhoy Masonic Lodge, 1928-1935, undated

Biographical / Historical:

The collection documents the lives of Filipino migrants in Stockton, California dating from 1920s-1970s. The collection was retrieved from the basement of the Daguhoy Lodge, a meeting place for the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The lodge doubled as a living space for Filipino agricultural laborers during the early twentieth century. The collection holds the belongings of Filipino migrant farm laborers who did not have a family to obtain their belongings after their deaths.

Related Materials:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History



Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: World Expositions, NMAH.AC.0060

Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, NMAH.AC.0143

Alexander Alland, Sr., Photoprints, NMAH.AC.0204

Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography, NMAH.AC.0300

Duncan Family Yo-Yo Collection, NMAH.AC.807

Catherine Hann Papers, NMAH.AC.0921

Kamikawa, Omata and Matsumoto Families Papers, NMAH.AC.0924

Juanita Tamayo Lott Filipino American Photographs and Papers, NMAH.AC.0925

Bishop Mitsumyo Tottori Memorial Notebooks, NMAH.AC.0926

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs, NMAH.AC.0945

Other Respositories

Sacramento Public Library, Sacramento Room Photograph Collection

holdings include photograph of Legionarios Del Trabajo

Separated Materials:

The National Museum of American History's Divison of Work and Industry holds the objects that came with the collection including:

Accession number 2022.0058.

Provenance:

Collection donated by the Little Manila Foundation through Dillon Delvo, Executive Director, 2021.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Agriculture -- California  Search this

Migrant workers  Search this

Tagalog language  Search this

Genre/Form:

Diaries

Correspondence -- 20th century

Photographs -- 20th century

Receipts -- 20th century

Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep865b08d8d-170d-410c-9794-1f0f1f0b1388

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1515

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

Series contains a letter dated from 1971 and written by a family member of Yano. It documents family life and some of the economic struggles in the Philippines. The letter provides little information relating to Yano and his life in Stockton, California. Instead, it serves as a primary source for understanding the factors that lead people to leave their home and migrant to another country during the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Victor Yano was born in 1907 in the Philippines. Little information exists about his early life. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Yano resided in Makawao, Hawaii with his family. His family consisted of a wife, Mary who was Puerto Rican, and three daughters named Madalene, Barbara, and Leona. During this time Yano worked as a janitor at a general hospital while Mary worked as a trimmer for a pineapple cannery company. Documentation of his migration to California, employment, later life, and death could not be found.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 22

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8395b470d-8920-446b-a1c8-a6f6826a788b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref237

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1928-1935, undated

Scope and Contents:

Series contains black and white photographs primarily documenting the activities of Legionarios del Trabajo:Daguhoy Lodge Number 528. The photographs are primarily of significant social gatherings such as funeral services, banquets, and parades. Other images are of unidentified dignitaries. These photographs were all taken in Stockton, California? The materials do not provide information relating to the history of the organization but instead document clothing attire?, social and cultural practices, and ? as illustrated by the Legionarios del Trabajo fraternal organization during this time. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Domingos Ponce was born in an era when the labor movement was gaining momentum in the Philippines. In 1919, he found himself deeply involce in the "Manila Electric Company" strike, a pivotal moment in the history of labor movements in the country. During this time, a Committee of the "Congreso de Filipinas" and strike leaders frequently convened secret meetings at the "Labor Hall" in Quiapo, Manila, to strategize and communicate with the striking workforce. The aim was to maintain secrecy in their discussions to protect their interests. These clandestine meetings were crucial, as they laid the foundation of a new labor fraternity. Under the leadership and vision of Domingo Ponce, a plan was hatched to established a secret society dedicated to the welfare of laborers. The society would be known as the "Legionarios del Trabajo." In these days, initiation rituals were developed and implemented, ensuring that only dedicated and trusted members were allowed to participate in the society's activities. Despite the secretive nature of these meetings, news of their discussions began to surface in newspapers, leading to concerns about potential leaks. Ponce proposed a rigorous initiation process to safeguard the fraternity's secrets and maintain the integrity of its members. The "Legionarios del Trabajo" was official formed, with Domingo Ponce serving as its first Grand Master. This marked the birth of the first lodge, "Kalimbas," numbered 101. Subsequent lodges, including T. Pinpin. Magat-Salamat, and Plaridel, emerged, spreading the fraternity's influence across Luzon. The society also extended its reach to the Visayas and Mindanao. The "Legionarios faced severe opposition from various quarters, including the Roman Catholic Church, which communicated members, and the Grand Lodge of Free Masonry, which initially banned mason from joining the fraternity. Despite these challenges the "Legionarios" persisted, and eventually, mason were allowed to be part of both organizations. Throughout its early years, the "Legionarios" encountered persecution from government officials who suspected Ponce of radical and communist affiliations. False rumors spread, further heightening hostilities towards the fraternity. Ponce, in an effort to protect the society, resigned as Grand Master during the 1927 National Convention. This marked a challenging period for the "Legionarios," but the society survived. Today, the "Legionarios del Trabajo" stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of its early members, with Domingo Ponce at the forefront of its history. The society continues to promote the values of democracy, labor, and unity among laborers, carrying forward the legacy of its founder, and the pioneering spirit of those who dedicated their lives to the cause of workers' rights and justice.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 23

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82f9331bc-b756-4910-be2b-64f7e86c7d10

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref239

Container:

Box 9, Folder 27

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo de Filipinas Daguhoy Masonic Lodge number 528

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8c2a13ad7-a5f9-42ee-b759-739f277f535e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref241

Container:

Box 10, Folder 6

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo de Filipinas Daguhoy Masonic Lodge number 528

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8a8842234-301f-40c0-b951-32a06696b9e2

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref248

Container:

Box 3, Folder 22

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1928

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 10: Eufericino Janier

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8816118a2-ab55-48d4-b4d8-86a75402dc95

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref81

Container:

Box 3, Folder 24

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1928

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 10: Eufericino Janier

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87fadbed5-82cb-4262-867e-540cb86e4bdc

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref83

Container:

Box 3, Folder 25

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1928

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 10: Eufericino Janier

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep834e91f2c-2d25-4b38-a175-f251e067a6ca

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref84

Container:

Box 4, Folder 4

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

undated

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection / Series 10: Eufericino Janier

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e1144f3e-1653-415e-88d3-bc1dc77e6cde

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref97

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1950-1953

Scope and Contents:

This series consists of mixed material from the American Trust Company dated from 1950 to 1953. This gives some information regarding the financials of Julian Arofo. The material does not provide any information regarding any of the personal details of Julian. The series provides an insight into the life of Filipino-American workers and can be utilized as a primary resource for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julian S. Arofo was born on December 12, 1899, in Daanbantayan, Cebu, Philippine Islands.

So far, no records are mentioning Julian leaving the Philippines. However, according to a Hawai'i Arriving Passenger and Crew List, on March 1, 1924, aboard SS Shinyo Maru, Julian arrived in Honolulu. It was assumed that Julian emigrated to Hawaii to be employed by the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association like many Filipino immigrants. In later years, Julian would make his way to Stockton, California, living in at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Avenue, as listed on his World War II Draft Card. On February 14, 1942, Julian registered for his military. At the time, he stood 5 feet, 2 inches and weighed 140 pounds. By 1950, Julian continued to reside in Stockton after his military service. He worked as a laborer, earning little wages.

Julian was not only dedicated to his work but also actively engaged in his community. He was a proud member of the Legionarios del Trabajo: Dagohoy Lodge No. 528. Through his association with the fraternity, he contributed to the welfare and rights of laborers, emphasizing the importance of solidarity and mutual support among fellow workers.

On January 4, 1976, at the age of 77, Julian S Arofo died. He is buried at San Joaquin Catholic Cemetery.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 2

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep83f325daf-223b-4690-988c-3ab5d8324442

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref21

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1936, 1948, undated

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials in this series are correspondence, dates ranging from 1936 to 1948. The letters bring some information regarding the life of Juan Campoco Pascual. The letters cover the topic of family life and the economic struggle in the Philippines. Notable correspondents are Juan's family members. The correspondences do not provide the personal details of Juan. The series provides valuable insight into the lives of Filipinos in the Philippines and Filipino Americans in the United States. This series can be utilized as a primary resource for researchers who are interested in Filipino-Americans in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Juan Campoco Pascual was born on August 5, 1904, in the village of Agkawayan in the Philippine Islands.* The historical record provides no details of the early life of Juan, except that the highest education he completed was Elementary School. According to a California Arriving Passenger and Crew List, Juan left the Philippines aboard the SS Ecuador on July 9, 1919. A month later, 16-year-old Juan arrived at the port of San Francisco, California. He undoubtedly set out to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. During the 1940 census, he was working as a farm laborer, making little wages that resulted in him living in a household with two other lodgers. On February 14, 1942, Juan registered for the draft enlistment. According to the World War II Draft card, Juan was working at Chester Chisholm Ranch. At this time, he stood at 63 inches, weighed 145 pounds, and had tattoos on both arms. The details of his family background are uncertain. However, a letter dated on October 4th, 1936, was found to be addressed from Dalmacio Pascual in Agkawayan, Philippine Islands, which is likely his brother. So far, no records are mentioning Juan ever marrying. On May 22, 1988, Juan Campoco Pascual died. He is buried in Turlock Memorial Park in Stanislaus County, California.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Registration Card, Aug 5, 1904. California Death Index, July 10, 1905.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 17

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87cb79fe0-9420-4eb0-ac07-f8319d2cfe6b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref172

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1929-1936, undated

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials in this series are correspondence, receipts, a wallet, items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials range from 1929 to 1936. The materials bring some information regarding the life of Julian Rogas in Stock, California. The letters cover the topic of family life and economic struggle in the Philippines. Notable correspondents are Julian's family members. The wallet and its contents are mainly receipts that showcase his financial transactions. Items from the organization, Legionarios del Trabajo, showcase his membership in the fraternity. The materials do not provide the personal details of Julian Rogas. This series gives valuable insight into the life of Filipino-Americans and can be utilized as a primary resource for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julian Rogas was born in 1889 or 1887 in the Philippines.* The details of Julian's journey to the United States are uncertain. The only historical record mentioning Julian's travel to the United States is through A 1930 United States Federal Census which lists his immigration year as 1915. At the time, he resided in Oak Street Oakland, California, where he worked as a janitor in a building, earning little wages. With little money, he could only afford to lodge and rent, sharing the living space with a family and 4 other single lodgers. Little information is known about Julian's marital status. The 1930 Federal Census mentioned Julian to be a single man. However, according to a 1950 United States Federal Census, Julian's marital status was listed as separated which means that Julian was married. So far, there are no historical records indicating the name of the individual Julian married or the date when and where they got married. By 1950, Julian resided in Oakland, California, living with 7 other individuals. At the time, his occupation was a dinner cook, who was seeking employment. So far, no historical record indicating Julian Rogas' death.

*Conflicting birth date: 1930 United States Federal Census, 1889. 1950 United States Federal Census, 1887.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 18

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87e525abb-af70-464f-a42a-25fa78dc5a9b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref176

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1970-1971

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials in this series consist of correspondence, tax statements, and a membership badge from the Legionarios del Trabajo. The dates of the materials range from 1970 to 1971. The items shed some light on the life of Arcadio Simangca in Stockton, California. The letters cover topics of family life in the Philippines. Notable correspondents are Arcadio's family members. The membership badge showcases Arcadio's membership in the organization, Legionarios del Trabajo. The materials do not identify the personal details of Arcadio Simangaca. The series provides some insight into the life of Filipino-American workers and can be utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Arcadio Simangca was on November 3, 1902, in the Philippines.* Little is known regarding Arcadio's journey to the United States. So far, the only historical record indicating Arcadio's emigration to the United States is The Index to Alien Case File, which mentions Arcadio arriving in San Francisco, California on November 10, 1927. The details of his family background are uncertain. According to Arcadio's World War II Draft Registration card, his next of Kin is Estanislad Hilario, who can be assumed to be a fellow member of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo since both Arcadio and Estanislad both listed 203 E Hazelton Ave, Stockton, California to be their residential address. According to a Social Security Death Index, Arcadio Simangka died on February 21, 1988.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Card, Nov 3, 1902. US Index to Alien Case Files, Dec 3, 1902. US Social Security Death Index, Dec 8, 1902, US Social Security Application and Claims Index, Dec 8, 1902.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 19

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep814fa4a7b-025c-4599-bc62-ba570a68a181

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref191

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The primary material of this series is a correspondence dated in 1971. The letter offers some information about the life of Julio Saranza. The letter covers the topic of family life and economic struggle in the Philippines. The correspondent is a Julio's family member. The material does not identify the personal details of Julio Saranza. The series provides some insight into the life of Filipino-American workers and can utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julio Saranza was born on July 4, 1907 in Ando, Bohol, Philippines.* The historical record provides no detail of when Julio left the Philippines. However, a Honolulu Arriving Passenger and Crew List mentions Julio departed from Hong Kong on February 15, 1919, aboard the S.S Tenyo Maru. Julio arrived in Honolulu on March 8 after a 20-day trip. It can be assumed that Julio, like many Filipino immigrants, was brought to Hawaii to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation. In less than two years in Hawaii, Julio left the islands on August 10, 1921, and headed for San Francisco aboard the SS Maui. The ship contained men and women from different ethnic backgrounds such as immigrants from Russia and Portugal. So far, no records are mentioning Julio's occupation while living in California. However, it can be assumed that he undoubtedly set to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. According to Julio's World War II Draft Card, by 1942, Julio resided in Sacramento, California. At this time, Julio was 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighed 125 pounds. Julio Saranza died in Feb 1990.

*Conflicting birth dates: US Index to Alien Case Files, July 4, 1903. US Social Security Death Index and US Social Security Application and Claims Index, July 28, 1900. US World War II Draft Card, July 4, 1907.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 20

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82816b336-b487-46fa-926d-c67cf45ab3f0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref194

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1971, undated

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials in this series consist of correspondence, paystubs, items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials range from 1921 to 1971. The materials shed some light on the life of Pablo M. Solomon in Stockton, California. The letters cover topics such as family life and economic struggles in the Philippines. Frequent correspondents are Pablo's sibling, Pilar Solomon, and his niece. The paystubs convey Solomon's work history as an agricultural worker in Northern California, as well. briefly display the earnings of farmer workers during that time. The items from the organization, Legionarios del Trabajo showcases Pablo's membership in the fraternity. The materials do not provide the personal details of Pablo Solomon. This series provides some insight into the life of Filipinos in the Philippines and Filipino American agricultural workers in the United States. This series can be utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in the Filipino-American agricultural workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Pablo M Solomon was born on June 12, 1903 in Pilar, Bataan, Philippine Islands.* According to the 1930s United States Federal Census, Pablo immigrated in 1919. So far, this is the only record that indicates a date of when Pablo left the Philippines. By 1930, Pablo was naturalized in the United States, becoming a United States citizen. He was a single man, who lived on Folsom Street in San Francisco, California, as a servant working privately for an employer. At this time, he was living in a household with twenty other individual lodgers. Although no historical record provides any details of the early life of Pablo, he was able to read and write English which can be assumed that Pablo attended some form of Grammar School. On February 14, 1942, Pablo registered for the World War II draft. During this time, he stood 64 inches and weighed 126 pounds. He worked as a laborer in Mare Island Navy Yard. According to Headstone Application for Military Veterans, Pablo served in the US Army and ranked as a Private 1st Class in Company K of the 2nd Filipino Infantry, which was activated at Fort Ord the same month as his enlistment. This regiment received their combat training at Camp Cooke (now Vandenberg Air Force Base near Lompoc) and was later reorganized into the 2nd Filipino Battalion, where they would be sent to New Guinea and Manil, but never experienced any direct combat. On April 15, 1943, Pablo was discharged. By 1950, Pablo resided in San Joaquin, California. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Pablo worked as a cook on the farm. Before the census was taken, it was listed that Pablo worked 26 weeks and earned $700. At this time, he was living in a household with 18 other individuals, are majority of whom were Filipino men. Two of his housemates, Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo are members of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo.* In recent historical findings, it was mentioned that Pablo was also a member of the organization and held a significant title of Secretary.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft card and US Headstone Application for Military Veterans, June 12, 1903. Social Security Death Index, Aug 12, 1896. California Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1904.

*The 1950 Census mentions Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo, members of the Legionarios del Trabajo as his household members

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 21

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85b16395c-c6eb-4dc0-826c-6ed06721ca3e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref196

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1874-1947, undated

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials of this series consist of correspondence, photographs, receipts, and items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials range from 1874 to 1947. The letters offer a glimpse into the life of Epimaco Mansueto in Stockton, California. The letter covers topics such as family life and the economic struggles in the Philippines. Frequent correspondents are Epimaco's family and friends. The items from the Legionarios del Trabajo convey the dedication of Epimaco to the fraternal organization, Legionarios del Trabajo. Notable Items are ritual notes, letterheads of the organization, and photographs of significant assemblies or gatherings. Some of the materials in the series provide some personal details regarding Epimaco Mansueto such as his work history and military service. The series provides valuable insight into the life of Filipino-American workers and can be utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Epimaco Fariola Mansueto was born on July 17, 1902, in the Philippines. Little is known about his early life other than the fact that he obtained a grammar school education. Records documenting Mansueto leaving the Philippines. According to his World War II Army enlistment record, on October 16, 1942, Epimaco was a United States citizen and resided in San Joaquin, California, more specifically at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Avenue, where he was a member of the Legionarios del Trabajo. At this time, Epimaco was 5 feet 6 inches and weighed 128 pounds, using his youthful strength to work as a general farm hand in the agricultural fields of Northern California. Although Epimaco's family background is uncertain, records show he married later in life. Historical records such as the 1948 City Directory mention Epimaco having a spouse named Katie Mansueto. Together, they lived in 3 Cottage Row in San Francisco, California. Epimaco Fariola Mansueto died on January 8, 1988, in San Francisco, California at the age of eighty-six.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 14

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8d1ca5ea0-f921-459e-adca-aa42381b5782

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref120

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1954, undated

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials of this series are correspondence, paystubs, naturalization information, and medical information, and other ephemera. The dates of the materials range from 1921 to 1954. The materials bring some information to the life of Sixto Olaco in Stockton. California. The letters cover the topic of family life and economic struggle in the Philippines. Notable correspondents are Sixto's family members. The paystubs showcase Sixto's work history as a farmer worker. In addition, the paystubs display the earnings of farm workers during this time. Some of the materials in this series provide little personal details about Sixto such as naturalization and medical information. The series provides valuable insight into the life of Filipino-American agricultural workers and can be utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Sixto Olaco was born on April 19, 1892, in Candijay, Bohol, Philippines. At the age of twenty-four, Sixto set sail to Honolulu, Hawaii, aboard the S.S. Shinyo Maru. He was part of a large group of Filipino men from different parts of the Philippines who boarded the ship to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association. According to the Hawaii arriving passenger and crew list, the ship arrived on July 12, 1917. There is a possibility that Sixto remained in Honolulu for a year. His World War I registration card documents his residence from 1917 to 1918. Olaco's arrival in California is documented in the United States Index to Alien Case Files, which lists February 1, 1921, to be his arrival date in San Francisco. In addition, according to the 1930 Federal Census, Sixto Olaco was listed as a single-roomer in a house at N Street in Sacramento, California. The census mentioned that he worked as a laborer who worked odd jobs, which were not uncommon for Filipino immigrants at the time. Sixto would continue living in Sacramento and worked as a laborer for a couple more years, as recorded in 1945 city directories. Olaco died on October 7, 1961, at the age of sixty-nine in Luis Obispo County in California at Arroyo Grande Cemetery.

*Conflicting birth dates: World War I Draft Registration, Apr 19, 1892. Index to Alien Case Files, April 1, 1894. 1930 United States Federal Census, about 1891. Social Security Application and Claims Index, April 9 189,

*Conflicting death date in California Death Index, October 1961. United States grave index October 19, 1961.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 15

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8fac4e92a-7368-4578-ae14-ec4e3c644191

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref155

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1924-1937

Scope and Contents:

The primary materials of this series are receipts, items from the Legionarios del Trabajo, and items from the Franklin Bond Corporation. The dates of the materials range from 1924 to 1937. The materials bring some information regarding the life of Anastacio Atig Omandam in Stockton, California. The items from the organization, Legionaries del Trabajo, showcase his membership in the fraternity. The items from the Franklin Bond Corporation briefly display Anastacio's financial information. The series provides valuable insight into the life of Filipino-American workers and can be utilized as a primary source for researchers who are interested in Filipino-American workers in the 1920s.

Biographical / Historical:

Anastacio Omandam was born on April 19, 1890, in Plaridel, Occidental Province in Nothern Mindanao, Philippines.* This historical record provides no details of the early life of Anastacio, except that his highest completed education level is the 5th grade. It is unclear when Anastacio left the Philippines. According to a Honolulu Arriving Passenger and Crew List, on Jan 5th, 1916, aboard the SS Nippon Maru, Anastacio arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii along with 15 Filipino and 19 Japanese immigrants. There is a possibility that Anastacio emigrated to Hawaii to be employed by the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association. So far, there is no record mentioning Anastacio leaving Hawaii and traveling to California. However, according to the 1920 United States Federal Census, by 1920, Anastacio resided in San Joaquin, California. During this time, Anastacio worked as a laborer in General Farms, where he probably worked up and down the West Coast like other Filipino agricultural workers of the time. While earning a small wage, Anastacio shared his living space with 15 other Filipino immigrant workers. By 1940, Anastacio would continue to live in San Joaquin working as a field worker for the Sequera Bros. Union Isle. According to his World War II Draft Registration card, Anastacio listed the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Ave to be his place of residence which can be assumed that Anastacio was a member of the Daguhoy Lodge No. 528 Legionarios del Trabajo. Little is known regarding the family of Anastacio, except that he had two siblings named Alfonso and Marcosa. According to a Philippines Select Marriage record, Anastacio had a wife named Luisa Suminguit. Together, they had a daughter named Magdalena Omandan. The record does not indicate when Luisa and Anastacio had gotten married. The duration of the couples' marriage is also unclear. Anastacio died on October 20, 1966, in Stockton. He is buried at Park View Cemetery. *Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Registration Card, Jan 14, 1894. U.S Find a Grave Index, Apr 19, 1890. US Newspapers.com Obituary Index, about 1896.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 16

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8828bfd87-4204-4380-bed6-9d5f831e93fa

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref169