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Creator:

Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage  Search this

Type:

Blog posts

Smithsonian staff publications

Interviews

Blog posts

Published Date:

Mon, 25 Sep 2023 17:41:00 GMT

Topic:

Cultural property  Search this

See more posts:

Festival Blog

Data Source:

Smithsonian Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage

EDAN-URL:

edanmdm:posts_a41ccdd0e353938714bb5ada3c1f25fc

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

(15 views)

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1868-1905

Scope and Contents note:

Several are fruit trees (orange, coconut, pomegranate, and apple), and fields of corn and rice, also images of haying and plowing. Three lithographic cards, and views by Nowack and John P. Soule

See also:

African-Americans, California, Cotton, Dakota Territory, Horses, Livestock, Mammoth Trees, Massachusetts, Plants, Railroad, World Expositions

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep867dbf9e5-a148-4518-b541-a0399a9042dc

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref1893

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

6 Items

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1870-1905

Scope and Contents note:

four views, two of stables, including Lady Fanny by Anthony; Topeka Bell by S. Towle; Vosburch's Wood Yard and Boarding Stable, printed by Julius Wendt; and the Palmer House Stables and the Leland Hotel Stables, Chicago.

See also:

Agriculture, Animals, California--San Francisco,--Yosemite Valley, Foreign, Hotels, Houses, Illinois, Massachusetts, New York City--Streets, New York--Albany,--Saratoga Springs, Railroad, Wagons, Wyoming

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82e5486ec-ec76-4ddf-96af-0f984649ac3a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref1976

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

11 Items

Type:

Archival materials

Scope and Contents note:

including three by Thomas Houseworth, two of which are the house built on the Original Big Tree Stump; one, circa 1865-1905

by Laurence & Houseworth, three by Anthony, four unidentified. See also: Agriculture, California, Groups, Houses, Lumber Industry, Plants

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8e8a445a9-7b22-4047-8c0c-ce6710ffaf9a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref2017

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

8 Items

Type:

Archival materials

Scope and Contents note:

primarily individual plants and trees, as well as arrangements of plants, including an altar-type arrangement for a harvest celebration; the interior of a greenhouse; and a cactus plant by Laurence & Houseworth, circa 1865-1890

See also:

Agriculture, California, Florida, Georgia, Interiors, Mammoth Trees, New York--Albany, Politics and Presidents

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82e95c0c7-fa4f-4586-810d-59ad250548c7

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref2055

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Container:

Box 5 (Stereographs)

Type:

Archival materials

Photographs

Scope and Contents:

Including several by by A. J. Russell, Wendt Bros., and John P. Soule (15).

See also:

Agriculture; Arkansas; Boats and Boating; Bridges; California; Colorado; Dakota Territory; Electricity; Foreign; Horses; Hotels; Interiors; Kansas; Landscapes; Marble; Minnesota; Missouri; New Hampshire; New York City; New York--Niagara Falls,--Thousand Islands, --Watkins Glen; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Steamboats; Utah; Wagons; Winter Landscapes and Ice Formations; World Expositions; Wyoming

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs / Railroads

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85b7a3143-0ea4-4088-9e40-a47cf1ae533a

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref2084

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

41 Items

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1867-1915

Scope and Contents note:

including seven Centennial Exhibition views, one of Machinery Hall, published by Burr & Manley Dry Goods, Groceries and Clothing (Manchester Depot, Vt.); four miscellaneous subjects by Centennial Photographic Co.; one from the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association Thirteenth Exhibition (1878); twenty-five views of the World's Columbian Exposition; one Pan-American Exposition; one Panama-California Exposition; two A.Y.P. Exposition; one Paris exposition; one Exposition Universelle; and two unidentified

See also:

Agriculture, Animals, Bicycles, Birds, Boats and Boating, Bridges, Electricity, Foreign, Groups, Interiors, Louisi-ana, Machinery, Military, Monuments and Sculpture, Native Americans, New York and New York City, Oregon, Parades, Photography, Railroads

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8dfb0dffe-4ec5-4d38-8206-cf5dd94da06e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref2130

Series Creator:

Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969  Search this

Extent:

18 Items

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

circa 1865-1905

Scope and Contents note:

scenery, including two by J. H. Heening; six by Laurence & Houseworth, several being San Jose; eight lithoprints, six by T. W. Ingersoll (one identified., six attributed), and one of Mission Santa Barbara from the American Series

See also:

Agriculture, Beaches, Churches, Horses, Hotels, Lum-ber Industry, Mammoth Trees, Mining, Native Americans, Plants, Railroads, Wagons

Series Restrictions:

Sears, Roebuck & Co. catalogs restricted due to fragile condition. Researchers should consult microfilm in NMAH library for 1880-1983 editions, drawer 692.

Series Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Series Citation:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution

Sponsor:

Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).

See more items in:

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions

Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Series 2: Other Collection Divisions / 2.2: Stereographs

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8b58d8b95-5ec6-4c29-befb-5a455f11472c

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s02-ref2139

Donor:

Little Manila Foundation  Search this

Extent:

4.33 Cubic feet (13 boxes)

Culture:

Filipino Americans  Search this

Type:

Collection descriptions

Archival materials

Diaries

Correspondence

Photographs

Receipts

Date:

circa 1917-1980, undated

Summary:

Collection of archival materials removed from trunks of personal belongings abandoned at death by Filipino agricultural workers in Stockton, California.

Scope and Contents:

The contents of this collection include albums with photographs from the Philippines and the United States, receipts, pay stubs, books, letters, and other correspondence from the Philippines, framed photographs, and other ephemera. Most of the correspondence in the collection is written in Visayan, the language spoken within the southernmost islands of Luzon in the Philippines. The contents of the letters are in the process of being translated. Most of the photographs of individuals in the collection are not identified. The collection is divided into 23 series. 22 of which are individual Filipino migrants, who were members of the fraternal organization. The last series consists of the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The collection is important for those researchers interested in the history of early Filipino-American agricultural workers.

Arrangement:

Collection is arranged into twenty-three series.

Series 1: Enrique Andales, 1917-1937, undated

Series 2: Julian S. Arofo, 1950-1953

Series 3: A.T. Bastion, undated

Series 4: Julian Felicita Bernido, 1971

Series 5: Andres Salle Casinas, 1912-1980, undated

Series 6: Cesario Hotora Comparativo, 1925-1945, undated

Series 7: Hilario Samson Cuevas, 1925-1930, udated

Series 8: Vinancio Felisarta, 1971

Series 9: Jose Madridejo Galinato, 1926-1949, undated

Series 10: Eufricino Janier, 1920-1929, undated

Series 11: Felimon Laga, 1922-1923, undated

Series 12: Seven Madrias, 1936-1938, undated

Series 13: Eusebio Maglente, 1920-1923, undated

Series 14: Epimaco Fariola Mansueto, 1874-1947, undated

Series 15: Sixto Olaco, 1921-1954, undated

Series 16: Anastacio Atig Omandam, 1924-1937

Series 17: Juan Campoco Pascual, 1936, 1948, undated Series 18: Julian Rogas, 1929-1936, undated

Series 19: Arcadio Simangca, 1961-1971

Series 20: Julio Saranza, 1971

Series 21: Pablo Mendoza Solomon, 1921-1971, undated

Series 22: Victor Yano, 1971

Series 23: Legionarios del Trabajo: Daguhoy Masonic Lodge, 1928-1935, undated

Biographical / Historical:

The collection documents the lives of Filipino migrants in Stockton, California dating from 1920s-1970s. The collection was retrieved from the basement of the Daguhoy Lodge, a meeting place for the Filipino fraternal organization "Legionarios del Trabajo". The lodge doubled as a living space for Filipino agricultural laborers during the early twentieth century. The collection holds the belongings of Filipino migrant farm laborers who did not have a family to obtain their belongings after their deaths.

Related Materials:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History



Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: World Expositions, NMAH.AC.0060

Underwood & Underwood Glass Stereograph Collection, NMAH.AC.0143

Alexander Alland, Sr., Photoprints, NMAH.AC.0204

Sam DeVincent Collection of Illustrated American Sheet Music, Series 8: Geography, NMAH.AC.0300

Duncan Family Yo-Yo Collection, NMAH.AC.807

Catherine Hann Papers, NMAH.AC.0921

Kamikawa, Omata and Matsumoto Families Papers, NMAH.AC.0924

Juanita Tamayo Lott Filipino American Photographs and Papers, NMAH.AC.0925

Bishop Mitsumyo Tottori Memorial Notebooks, NMAH.AC.0926

Division of Cultural History Lantern Slides and Stereographs, NMAH.AC.0945

Other Respositories

Sacramento Public Library, Sacramento Room Photograph Collection

holdings include photograph of Legionarios Del Trabajo

Separated Materials:

The National Museum of American History's Divison of Work and Industry holds the objects that came with the collection including:

Accession number 2022.0058.

Provenance:

Collection donated by the Little Manila Foundation through Dillon Delvo, Executive Director, 2021.

Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Topic:

Agriculture -- California  Search this

Migrant workers  Search this

Tagalog language  Search this

Genre/Form:

Diaries

Correspondence -- 20th century

Photographs -- 20th century

Receipts -- 20th century

Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep865b08d8d-170d-410c-9794-1f0f1f0b1388

EDAN-URL:

ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-1515

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1971, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a substantial amount of materials documenting the life of Solomon in Stockton, California. It is one of the most completed groups of materials documenting various aspects of his life. Materials relating to his education include an accounting workbook, materials relating to Business English and Mathematics for colleges, and science books such as The Science of Eugenics and Tolon-Anan sa Pagnambal, documenting the methods, contents, and educational philosophies in the 1920s. Materials relating to Pablo's personal details include his Identification and Social Security cards, photographs of army documents, and healthcare information from the 1940s to the 1970s, documenting various aspects of Pablo's personal and historical record. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo such as his 1939, 1941, and 1959 membership badge and black and white photographs of Solomon and other members highlight Pablo's dedication to his membership in the fraternal organization. Primary materials in this series consist of correspondences from Pablo's sibling, Pilar Solomon in Bataan, Philippines. The contents of letters are written in English and Tagalog, and those written in Tagalog are translated into English. The letters primarily cover the topic of family life and some economic struggles in the Philippines.

Biographical / Historical:

Pablo M Solomon was born on June 12, 1903 in Pilar, Bataan, Philippine Islands.* According to the 1930s United States Federal Census, Pablo immigrated in 1919. So far, this is the only record that indicates a date of when Pablo left the Philippines. By 1930, Pablo was naturalized in the United States, becoming a United States citizen. He was a single man, who lived on Folsom Street in San Francisco, California, as a servant working privately for an employer. At this time, he was living in a household with twenty other individual lodgers. Although no historical record provides any details of the early life of Pablo, he was able to read and write English which can be assumed that Pablo attended some form of Grammar School. On February 14, 1942, Pablo registered for the World War II draft. During this time, he stood 64 inches and weighed 126 pounds. He worked as a laborer in Mare Island Navy Yard. According to Headstone Application for Military Veterans, Pablo served in the US Army and ranked as a Private 1st Class in Company K of the 2nd Filipino Infantry, which was activated at Fort Ord the same month as his enlistment. This regiment received their combat training at Camp Cooke (now Vandenberg Air Force Base near Lompoc) and was later reorganized into the 2nd Filipino Battalion, where they would be sent to New Guinea and Manil, but never experienced any direct combat. On April 15, 1943, Pablo was discharged. By 1950, Pablo resided in San Joaquin, California. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Pablo worked as a cook on the farm. Before the census was taken, it was listed that Pablo worked 26 weeks and earned $700. At this time, he was living in a household with 18 other individuals, are majority of whom were Filipino men. Two of his housemates, Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo are members of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo.* In recent historical findings, it was mentioned that Pablo was also a member of the organization and held a significant title of Secretary.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft card and US Headstone Application for Military Veterans, June 12, 1903. Social Security Death Index, Aug 12, 1896. California Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists, 1904.

*The 1950 Census mentions Eusebio Maglinte and Julian Arofo, members of the Legionarios del Trabajo as his household members

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 21

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85b16395c-c6eb-4dc0-826c-6ed06721ca3e

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref196

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1928-1935, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains black and white photographs primarily documenting the activities of Legionarios del Trabajo: Daguhoy Lodge Number 528 in Stockon, California mainly in the 1930s. The photographs are primarily of significant social gatherings such as funeral services, banquets, and parades. Other images are of unidentified dignitaries. The materials do not provide information relating to the history of the organization. Instead, they document social, cultural, and community life. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the history, traditions, and dynamics of the fraternal organization in the 1930s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Founder, Domingos Ponce was born in an era when the labor movement was gaining momentum in the Philippines. In 1919, he found himself deeply involce in the "Manila Electric Company" strike, a pivotal moment in the history of labor movements in the country. During this time, a Committee of the "Congreso de Filipinas" and strike leaders frequently convened secret meetings at the "Labor Hall" in Quiapo, Manila, to strategize and communicate with the striking workforce. The aim was to maintain secrecy in their discussions to protect their interests. These clandestine meetings were crucial, as they laid the foundation of a new labor fraternity. Under the leadership and vision of Domingo Ponce, a plan was hatched to established a secret society dedicated to the welfare of laborers. The society would be known as the "Legionarios del Trabajo." In these days, initiation rituals were developed and implemented, ensuring that only dedicated and trusted members were allowed to participate in the society's activities. Despite the secretive nature of these meetings, news of their discussions began to surface in newspapers, leading to concerns about potential leaks. Ponce proposed a rigorous initiation process to safeguard the fraternity's secrets and maintain the integrity of its members. The "Legionarios del Trabajo" was official formed, with Domingo Ponce serving as its first Grand Master. This marked the birth of the first lodge, "Kalimbas," numbered 101. Subsequent lodges, including T. Pinpin. Magat-Salamat, and Plaridel, emerged, spreading the fraternity's influence across Luzon. The society also extended its reach to the Visayas and Mindanao. The "Legionarios faced severe opposition from various quarters, including the Roman Catholic Church, which communicated members, and the Grand Lodge of Free Masonry, which initially banned mason from joining the fraternity. Despite these challenges the "Legionarios" persisted, and eventually, mason were allowed to be part of both organizations. Throughout its early years, the "Legionarios" encountered persecution from government officials who suspected Ponce of radical and communist affiliations. False rumors spread, further heightening hostilities towards the fraternity. Ponce, in an effort to protect the society, resigned as Grand Master during the 1927 National Convention. This marked a challenging period for the "Legionarios," but the society survived. Today, the "Legionarios del Trabajo" stands as a testament to the resilience and determination of its early members, with Domingo Ponce at the forefront of its history. The society continues to promote the values of democracy, labor, and unity among laborers, carrying forward the legacy of its founder, and the pioneering spirit of those who dedicated their lives to the cause of workers' rights and justice.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 23

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82f9331bc-b756-4910-be2b-64f7e86c7d10

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref239

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1970-1971

Scope and Contents:

The earliest material in this series is a Legionarios del Trabajo membership badge dating from 1961. There are also wage and tax statements documenting Simangca's wage and salary, employee information, and employer information. In addition, there is some correspondence written in Visayan from Dionero Ibanez and Lina M. Bagafsolo from Bohol, Philippines, sent to Arcadio Simangca in Stockton, California. The contents of the letters are unknown and currently in the process of translation into English. The materials do not identify any information regarding Arcadio's personal details. Instead, they document Arcadio residing in Stockton, California. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the workforce, economic conditions, and tax policies in the 1970s. Furthermore, the materials provide valuable insight into how people attempted to connect with people in another country during this time. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Arcadio Simangca was on November 3, 1902, in the Philippines.* Little is known regarding Arcadio's journey to the United States. So far, the only historical record indicating Arcadio's emigration to the United States is The Index to Alien Case File, which mentions Arcadio arriving in San Francisco, California on November 10, 1927. The details of his family background are uncertain. According to Arcadio's World War II Draft Registration card, his next of Kin is Estanislad Hilario, who can be assumed to be a fellow member of the Daguhoy Lodge of the Legionarios del Trabajo since both Arcadio and Estanislad both listed 203 E Hazelton Ave, Stockton, California to be their residential address. According to a Social Security Death Index, Arcadio Simangka died on February 21, 1988.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Card, Nov 3, 1902. US Index to Alien Case Files, Dec 3, 1902. US Social Security Death Index, Dec 8, 1902, US Social Security Application and Claims Index, Dec 8, 1902.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 19

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep814fa4a7b-025c-4599-bc62-ba570a68a181

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref191

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a 1971 letter written in Visayan by Hentrades Saranza in Bohol, Philippines. The contents of the letter and the relationship between the correspondent and Julio are unknown. The letters are currently in the translation process into English. The materials do not provide any information relating to Julio's personal details. Instead, they document Julio's residing in the United States. The series serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected with people in another country in the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Julio Saranza was born on July 4, 1907 in Ando, Bohol, Philippines.* The historical record provides no detail of when Julio left the Philippines. However, a Honolulu Arriving Passenger and Crew List mentions Julio departed from Hong Kong on February 15, 1919, aboard the S.S Tenyo Maru. Julio arrived in Honolulu on March 8 after a 20-day trip. It can be assumed that Julio, like many Filipino immigrants, was brought to Hawaii to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation. In less than two years in Hawaii, Julio left the islands on August 10, 1921, and headed for San Francisco aboard the SS Maui. The ship contained men and women from different ethnic backgrounds such as immigrants from Russia and Portugal. So far, no records are mentioning Julio's occupation while living in California. However, it can be assumed that he undoubtedly set to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. According to Julio's World War II Draft Card, by 1942, Julio resided in Sacramento, California. At this time, Julio was 5 feet 3 inches tall and weighed 125 pounds. Julio Saranza died in Feb 1990.

*Conflicting birth dates: US Index to Alien Case Files, July 4, 1903. US Social Security Death Index and US Social Security Application and Claims Index, July 28, 1900. US World War II Draft Card, July 4, 1907.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 20

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82816b336-b487-46fa-926d-c67cf45ab3f0

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref194

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1971

Scope and Contents:

The series contains a letter dated 1971, written in Visayan by an unidentified correspondent in the Philippines. The contents of the letter are currently in the process of translation from Visayan to English. The letter provides little information relating to Yano and his life in Stockton, California. Instead, it serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected with people in another country during the 1970s.

Biographical / Historical:

Victor Yano was born in 1907 in the Philippines. Little information exists about his early life. According to the 1950 United States Federal Census, Yano resided in Makawao, Hawaii with his family. His family consisted of a wife, Mary who was Puerto Rican, and three daughters named Madalene, Barbara, and Leona. During this time Yano worked as a janitor at a general hospital while Mary worked as a trimmer for a pineapple cannery company. Documentation of his migration to California, employment, later life, and death could not be found.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 22

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8395b470d-8920-446b-a1c8-a6f6826a788b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref237

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1929-1936, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consists of correspondences, materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo, two wallets and their contents, a blank diary, and other ephemera. Correspondences are primarily written in Visayan by Ramon BatolBatol and Johnny Gihapon in Cebu, Philippines, and sent to Julian Rogas in Oakland, California. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process of translation into English. The materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo document Julian's membership in the fraternal organization. The materials do not identify any information regarding Julian's personal details. Instead, they document Julian residing in Oakland, California during the 1930s. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the social, political, and cultural landscape as well as how people attempted to stay connected to people in another country during the 1930s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Julian Rogas was born in 1889 or 1887 in the Philippines.* The details of Julian's journey to the United States are uncertain. The only historical record mentioning Julian's travel to the United States is through A 1930 United States Federal Census which lists his immigration year as 1915. At the time, he resided in Oak Street Oakland, California, where he worked as a janitor in a building, earning little wages. With little money, he could only afford to lodge and rent, sharing the living space with a family and 4 other single lodgers. Little information is known about Julian's marital status. The 1930 Federal Census mentioned Julian to be a single man. However, according to a 1950 United States Federal Census, Julian's marital status was listed as separated which means that Julian was married. So far, there are no historical records indicating the name of the individual Julian married or the date when and where they got married. By 1950, Julian resided in Oakland, California, living with 7 other individuals. At the time, his occupation was a dinner cook, who was seeking employment. So far, no historical record indicating Julian Rogas' death.

*Conflicting birth date: 1930 United States Federal Census, 1889. 1950 United States Federal Census, 1887.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 18

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87e525abb-af70-464f-a42a-25fa78dc5a9b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref176

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1924-1937

Scope and Contents:

The series consists of materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo, materials relating to Franklin Bond Corporation, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Anastacio while residing in Stockton, California in the 1930s. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo document his membership in the fraternal organization. Materials relating to the Franklin Bond Corporation document Anastacio's loan agreement, payment information, and account information such as residential addresses in California and in the Philippines along with his cosigner, Alfonso Omandam. Anastacio's relationship with Alfonso is unknown. The materials in this series do not identify any information regarding Anastacio's personal details. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the role of fraternal organizations in local communities? Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Anastacio Omandam was born on April 19, 1890, in Plaridel, Occidental Province in Nothern Mindanao, Philippines.* This historical record provides no details of the early life of Anastacio, except that his highest completed education level is the 5th grade. It is unclear when Anastacio left the Philippines. According to a Honolulu Arriving Passenger and Crew List, on Jan 5th, 1916, aboard the SS Nippon Maru, Anastacio arrived in Honolulu, Hawaii along with 15 Filipino and 19 Japanese immigrants. There is a possibility that Anastacio emigrated to Hawaii to be employed by the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association. So far, there is no record mentioning Anastacio leaving Hawaii and traveling to California. However, according to the 1920 United States Federal Census, by 1920, Anastacio resided in San Joaquin, California. During this time, Anastacio worked as a laborer in General Farms, where he probably worked up and down the West Coast like other Filipino agricultural workers of the time. While earning a small wage, Anastacio shared his living space with 15 other Filipino immigrant workers. By 1940, Anastacio would continue to live in San Joaquin working as a field worker for the Sequera Bros. Union Isle. According to his World War II Draft Registration card, Anastacio listed the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Ave to be his place of residence which can be assumed that Anastacio was a member of the Daguhoy Lodge No. 528 Legionarios del Trabajo. Little is known regarding the family of Anastacio, except that he had two siblings named Alfonso and Marcosa. According to a Philippines Select Marriage record, Anastacio had a wife named Luisa Suminguit. Together, they had a daughter named Magdalena Omandan. The record does not indicate when Luisa and Anastacio had gotten married. The duration of the couples' marriage is also unclear. Anastacio died on October 20, 1966, in Stockton. He is buried at Park View Cemetery. *Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Registration Card, Jan 14, 1894. U.S Find a Grave Index, Apr 19, 1890. US Newspapers.com Obituary Index, about 1896.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 16

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8828bfd87-4204-4380-bed6-9d5f831e93fa

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref169

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1936, 1948, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series contains letters dated 1936 and 1948, primarily written in Visayan by Angel and Dalmacio Pascual in Agkawayan, Philippines, and sent to Juan Pascual in Stockton, California. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process of translation into English. The materials do not provide any information regarding Juan's personal details. Instead, they document Juan residing in Stockton, California. The series serves as a primary source for understanding how people attempted to stay connected to people in another country during the 1930s and 1940s.

Biographical / Historical:

Juan Campoco Pascual was born on August 5, 1904, in the village of Agkawayan in the Philippine Islands.* The historical record provides no details of the early life of Juan, except that the highest education he completed was Elementary School. According to a California Arriving Passenger and Crew List, Juan left the Philippines aboard the SS Ecuador on July 9, 1919. A month later, 16-year-old Juan arrived at the port of San Francisco, California. He undoubtedly set out to work in the fields of Northern California like many of his counterparts. During the 1940 census, he was working as a farm laborer, making little wages that resulted in him living in a household with two other lodgers. On February 14, 1942, Juan registered for the draft enlistment. According to the World War II Draft card, Juan was working at Chester Chisholm Ranch. At this time, he stood at 63 inches, weighed 145 pounds, and had tattoos on both arms. The details of his family background are uncertain. However, a letter dated on October 4th, 1936, was found to be addressed from Dalmacio Pascual in Agkawayan, Philippine Islands, which is likely his brother. So far, no records are mentioning Juan ever marrying. On May 22, 1988, Juan Campoco Pascual died. He is buried in Turlock Memorial Park in Stanislaus County, California.

*Conflicting birth dates: US World War II Draft Registration Card, Aug 5, 1904. California Death Index, July 10, 1905.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 17

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep87cb79fe0-9420-4eb0-ac07-f8319d2cfe6b

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref172

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1920-1923, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consist of correspondence, black and white photographs and negatives of Mansueto and other unidentified individuals, documents from the Mare Island Navy Yard, materials relating to Legionarios del Trabajo, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Epimaco residing in Stockton, California working as a common laborer. Records from the Mare Island Navy Yard documents Epimaco's personal detail such as his date of birth, residential address, and occupation. The letters are primarily written in Visayan by family members and friends in Cebu, Philippines. The contents of the letters are currently unknown and in the process translation into English. Materials relating to the Legionarios del Trabajo emphasizes his dedication to the membership in the fraternity. The photographs document cultural attire and geographical locations. The series serves as a primary source for understanding Filipino fashion trends and cultural attire, the social, political, and cultural landscape. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Eusebio Maglinte was born in the 1890s in Dimiao, Bohol, Philippine.* According to census records, he attended school until the fourth grade. Maglinte left his homeland aboard the S.S. Venezuela, which departed Manila on August 2, 1920, and arrived thirty day later in Honolulu, Hawaii. He made his journey with fifty-two other Filipino men, mostly from Bohol, Cebu, and Negros Oriental. These men were brought for employment by the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association. This employment last for three years, before Eusebio left Hawaii aboard the S. S. President Piece, bound for San Francisco in November 1923.

Once arriving in Northern California, Eusebio undoubtedly headed for work in the fields of the Central Valley. The 1930 census shows him as a farm laborer, living with 26 other Filipino men on Georgiana Slough Road near the town of Isleton and Walnut Grove, southwest of Sacramento. Within five years, he had moved to San Joaquin Count and was living on the Wright Tract. During the 1940 census, he is listed is the same place as other 16 Filipino men, who had all worked seventeen hours the week before. The census also lists that in the previous year, Eusebio had worked twenty-six weeks and made $350.00. By 1947, Eusebio ad moved into Stockton and was listed in the City Directory at 203 E. Hazelton, still working as a laborer. Eusebio died on August 13, 1952 in Santa Clara County, California.

*Almost every record shows a different date of birth for Eusebio Maglinte. On the passenger list of his first journey to Honolulu, it is recorded as January 15, 1898. On the passenger list of his journey to San Francisco, it is listed as May 31, 1892. On his California death record, it is given as April 15, 1891.

Researched by: Brandon Wofford-Asuncion, March 1, 2016

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 13

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep82b6bd9d6-4eac-4e15-89f9-a1f91de3687d

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref109

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1874-1947, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consists of correspondence, paystubs from an unidentified company, documents from the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Olaco while residing in Stockton, California from the 1920s to the 1950s. Several paystubs from an unidentified company document his occupation as a laborer and his earnings harvesting asparagus. The contents of the letters are written in English, documenting the financial struggle caused by a fisherman's strike and ideas relating to the Independence of the Philippines. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the complex interplay between economic struggles, social movements, and the quest for national independence during the 1920s and 1950s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Epimaco Fariola Mansueto was born on July 17, 1902, in the Philippines. Little is known about his early life other than the fact that he obtained a grammar school education. Records documenting Mansueto leaving the Philippines. According to his World War II Army enlistment record, on October 16, 1942, Epimaco was a United States citizen and resided in San Joaquin, California, more specifically at the Daguhoy Lodge at 203 East Hazelton Avenue, where he was a member of the Legionarios del Trabajo. At this time, Epimaco was 5 feet 6 inches and weighed 128 pounds, using his youthful strength to work as a general farm hand in the agricultural fields of Northern California. Although Epimaco's family background is uncertain, records show he married later in life. Historical records such as the 1948 City Directory mention Epimaco having a spouse named Katie Mansueto. Together, they lived in 3 Cottage Row in San Francisco, California. Epimaco Fariola Mansueto died on January 8, 1988, in San Francisco, California at the age of eighty-six.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 14

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8d1ca5ea0-f921-459e-adca-aa42381b5782

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref120

Type:

Archival materials

Date:

1921-1954, undated

Scope and Contents:

The series primarily consists of correspondence, paystubs from an unidentified company, documents from the Immigration and Naturalization Service, and other ephemera. The materials document the life of Olaco while residing in Stockton, California from the 1920s to the 1950s. Several paystubs from an unidentified company document his occupation as a laborer and his earnings harvesting asparagus. The contents of the letters are written in English, documenting the financial struggle caused by a fisherman's strike and ideas relating to the Independence of the Philippines. The series serves as a primary source for understanding the complex interplay between economic struggles, social movements, and the quest for national independence during the 1920s and 1950s. Materials are arranged in chronological order.

Biographical / Historical:

Sixto Olaco was born on April 19, 1892, in Candijay, Bohol, Philippines. At the age of twenty-four, Sixto set sail to Honolulu, Hawaii, aboard the S.S. Shinyo Maru. He was part of a large group of Filipino men from different parts of the Philippines who boarded the ship to work for the Hawaiian Sugar Plantation Association. According to the Hawaii arriving passenger and crew list, the ship arrived on July 12, 1917. There is a possibility that Sixto remained in Honolulu for a year. His World War I registration card documents his residence from 1917 to 1918. Olaco's arrival in California is documented in the United States Index to Alien Case Files, which lists February 1, 1921, to be his arrival date in San Francisco. In addition, according to the 1930 Federal Census, Sixto Olaco was listed as a single-roomer in a house at N Street in Sacramento, California. The census mentioned that he worked as a laborer who worked odd jobs, which were not uncommon for Filipino immigrants at the time. Sixto would continue living in Sacramento and worked as a laborer for a couple more years, as recorded in 1945 city directories. Olaco died on October 7, 1961, at the age of sixty-nine in Luis Obispo County in California at Arroyo Grande Cemetery.

*Conflicting birth dates: World War I Draft Registration, Apr 19, 1892. Index to Alien Case Files, April 1, 1894. 1930 United States Federal Census, about 1891. Social Security Application and Claims Index, April 9 189,

*Conflicting death date in California Death Index, October 1961. United States grave index October 19, 1961.

Collection Restrictions:

Collection is open for research.

Collection Rights:

Collection items available for reproduction, but the Archives Center makes no guarantees concerning copyright restrictions. Other intellectual property rights may apply. Archives Center cost-recovery and use fees may apply when requesting reproductions.

Collection Citation:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection, Archives Center, National Museum of American History

Sponsor:

Processing and encoding funded by a grant from the American Women History Initiative, 2023.

Identifier:

NMAH.AC.1515, Series 15

See more items in:

Filipino Agricultural Workers Collection

Archival Repository:

Archives Center, National Museum of American History

GUID:

https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8fac4e92a-7368-4578-ae14-ec4e3c644191

EDAN-URL:

ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-1515-ref155